英文概括美国领土扩张历史附中文

历史与地理英文作文英文：History and geography are two subjects that are closely related. As a student, I have always found that learning about the history of a place helps me better understand its geography. For example, when studying the history of the United States, I learned about the Louisiana Purchase and how it expanded the country's territory. This knowledge helped me understand why the Mississippi River is such an important geographical feature for the United States.Similarly, studying geography can also help us understand history. For instance, when learning about the geography of ancient Egypt, I learned about the Nile River and how it influenced the development of the civilization. This knowledge helped me understand why the ancient Egyptians relied so heavily on the Nile for agriculture and transportation.中文：历史和地理是两门密切相关的学科。

1)T h e"d i s c o v e r y"o f t h e N e w W o r l d发现新大陆②I n t h e l a t e15t h c e n t u r y,C h r i s t o p h e r C o l u m b u s,a n I t a l i a n n a v i g a t o r,s u p p o r t e d b y t h e S p a n i s h q u e e n,h e l e d h i s m e n t o s a i l a c r o s s t h e v a s t o c e a n i n1492a n d r e a c h e d s o m e s m a l l i s l a n d s i n t h e n o w w e s t I n d i e s.H e t h o u g h t h e h a d r e a c h e d A s i a a n d d i d n't k n o w h e h a d d i s c o v e r e d a N e w C o n t i n e n t.15世纪后期，意大利航海家克里斯多弗.哥伦布，在西班牙女王的支持下,于1492年率领船队穿越浩瀚的大西洋，抵达了现在西印度群岛的一些小岛。

他误以为到达了亚洲，并不知道自己已经发现了一个新大陆。

③A m e r i g a V e s p u c c i p r o v e d t h a t t h e l a n d w a s a n e w c o n t i n e n t. T h e r e f o r e,t h e l a n d w a s n a m e d A m e r i c a a f t e r h i m.阿美利歌•韦斯普奇证明了这是新大陆，因此，以他的名字命名。

英文概括美国领土扩张历史附中文How did the USA expand its territory in its formation?In July 4, 1776, 13 colonies in North America declared their independence from Britain. In 1783, through Treaty of Paris (1783), Britain recognized the sovereignty of the United States，and offered to cede all the land between the east of the Mississippi River and the Atlantic coast. In 1803, the Louisiana Purchase almost doubled the nation’s area. In 1819 because of internal and external troubles, Spain entered into Adams–Onís Treaty of 1819 with the United States, which led Spain cede Florida and other Gulf Coast territory. Then, the United States successively obtained the Texas and Oregon areas from Mexico and Britain by means of countermeasures and threats. In 1848, the victory of America in the Mexican-American War resulted in the Mexican Cession of California through the 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. Then in 1853, James Gadsden, U.S. ambassador to Mexico at that time, bought nearly 100 thousand square kilometers of land along the US-Mexico border for $10 million. In 1867, the United States purchased Alaska from the Russian Empire for 7.2 million dollars, which covers an area of 1.5 million square kilometers. In the late nineteenth Century, the United States also acquired some islands in the Pacific through war, such as Hawaii. Although this is twenty-first Century, the ambitions of American expansion never cease.1776年7月4日，北美洲的13个殖民地宣布脱离英国独立。

美国地图英文作文素材英文：When it comes to the United States, one of the first things that comes to mind is the vastness of its territory. The country is the third largest in the world by land area, with a total of 3.8 million square miles. This means that there is a lot of ground to cover, and each region has its own unique characteristics.For example, the West Coast is known for its mild climate, stunning landscapes, and diverse population. California, in particular, is home to Hollywood, Silicon Valley, and some of the most beautiful beaches in the world. On the other hand, the East Coast is more densely populated and has a rich history, with cities like New York, Boston, and Philadelphia serving as important cultural and economic hubs.In the Midwest, you'll find vast plains and farmland,as well as the Great Lakes. This region is often referredto as the "heartland" of America, and is known for its friendly people and strong work ethic. The South, meanwhile, is famous for its hospitality, delicious food, and vibrant music scene. Cities like Nashville and New Orleans aremust-visit destinations for music lovers.Overall, the United States is a country of diverse landscapes, cultures, and people. It's impossible to see everything in one trip, but that's part of the fun there's always something new to discover.中文：说到美国，人们首先想到的是它广袤的领土。

1607.5 英国伦敦公司在弗吉尼亚的詹姆斯敦建立第一个永久居留地。

1620.12.26 英国清教徒移民乘“五月花”号轮漂洋到达普利茅斯，在船上通过了五月花号公约。

1636.10.28 美国第一所大学——哈佛大学在马萨诸塞的坎布里奇成立。

1740 丹麦人维特斯·白令受俄国人雇佣，抵达阿拉斯加进行探险。

1752.6.15 本杰明·富兰克林在风暴中放风筝，证明闪电是一种电，并发明避雷针。

1765 英国颁布印花税条例。

因遭到抵制而在次年3月被废除。

1767 英国颁布唐森德税法。

1770年废除，只保留对茶的征税。

1773.12.16 波士顿发生倾茶运动，以抗议茶叶条例。

1774.9.5 第一届大陆会议在费城召开，抗议英国的行为，呼吁人民起来斗争。

1775.4.19 列克星敦和康科德人民对英军进行反抗，打响了美国独立战争的第一枪。

1776.1.9 托马斯·潘恩发表小册子《常识》。

1776.7.4 大陆会议通过杰斐逊起草的《独立宣言》草案。

1784.8.30 美国商船“中国皇后”号抵达中国的广州进行丝茶贸易，中美关系由此开始。

1784.9.21 美国第一份日报《宾夕法尼亚邮船和每日广告》开始发行。

1786.12.26 马萨诸塞州爆发由丹尼尔·谢斯领导的起义。

1787.5.25 制宪会议在费城召开，草拟了新宪法。

1789年3月4日，宪法正式生效。

1787.7.13 联邦国会通过西北土地法令。

1789.4.30 美国联邦政府成立，乔治·华盛顿就任第一届美国总统。

1789.9.24 根据联邦政府条例，最高法院成立。

1791.12.15 美国宪法增列十条修正案，即权利法案。

1792.4.2 美国国会通过造币法，在费城建造一座造币厂。

1794.11.19 美国政府与英国政府签定杰伊条约。

1800.12.1 联邦政府首都从临时所在地费城迁往华盛顿特区。

1803.4.30 美国从法国拿破仑手里廉价购买路易斯安那全部土地，使美国领土面积增加一倍。

chapter 13 geography 地理位置美国的全称是美利坚合众国。

我们通常简称它为美国。

The full name of the United States is the United States of America ，Often we just call it the United States, the U. S. or simply America.1. 阿拉斯加和夏威夷是最近加入美国的两个新州(1959年)。

阿拉斯加在加拿大的西北部，夏威夷位邻中太平洋。

Alaska and Hawaii are the two newest states in American(1959年).Alaska lies in northwestern Canada，and Hawaii lies in the central Pacific.2.美国陆地面积为930万平方公里。

就面积而言，美国是世界第四大国，仅次于俄罗斯、加拿大和中国。

The U.S has a land area of 9.3 million square kilometres.It is the fourth largest country in the world in size after Russia，Canada and China.3.所有州中，阿拉斯加是面积最大的州，罗得岛最小，在美国大陆，最大的州是得克萨斯州。

Of all states of American，Alaska is the lagest in area and Rhode Island the smallest.But on the mainland Texas is the largest sate of the country.4. 落基山脉是北美大陆的脊梁，也被成为大陆分水岭。

The Rockies，the backbone of the North American Continent，is also known as the Continental Divide.5. 阿巴拉契亚山脉和落基山脉是美国的两座大山脉。

用英文简短的介绍美国The United States is the world's very important big country, its land area is located in the fourth in the world, behind Russia, Canada and China. The United States is located in North America, neighboring countries such as Canada and Mexico have, the United States also includes the verge of the Arctic territory of Alaska and Hawaii Pacific. The United States economic and technological power in the world no one can challenge, are well-deserved superpower.美国是世界上非常重要的国家，国土面积居世界第四，仅次于俄罗斯、加拿大和中国。

美国位于北美，与加拿大、墨西哥等邻国。

美国的领土还包括靠近北冰洋的阿拉斯加和太平洋的夏威夷。

目前，美国的经济和科技实力在世界上无人能及，是当之无愧的超级大国。

2.用简短的英语描述美国The United States is the world's very important big country, its land area is located in the fourth in the world, behind Russia, Canada and China. The United States is located in North America, neighboring countries such as Canada and Mexico have, the United States also includes the verge of the Arctic territory of Alaska and Hawaii Pacific. The United States economic and technological power in the world no one can challenge, are well-deserved superpower.美国是世界上非常重要的国家，国土面积居世界第四，仅次于俄罗斯、加拿大和中国。

大国崛起美国历史作文英语Title: The Rise of a Superpower: The History of the United States。

The United States of America is a country whose story is marked by extraordinary achievement and progress. From its early beginnings as a collection of colonies on the eastern coast of North America to its current status as a global superpower, the history of the United States is a testament to its resilience, adaptability, and enduring spirit. This essay explores the key stages and events that contributed to the rise of the United States as a dominant global power.Founding and Revolutionary Roots。

The origins of the United States can be traced back to the colonial era when European settlers established themselves along the Atlantic coast. The struggle for independence from Great Britain culminated in the AmericanRevolution (1775-1783), a pivotal moment that established the nation as a sovereign entity. The adoption of the Declaration of Independence in 1776 laid the philosophical groundwork for the new nation, emphasizing liberty, equality, and the pursuit of happiness.The drafting and ratification of the U.S. Constitution in 1787 provided the nation with a strong framework for governance and a commitment to the principles of democracy. This foundational document, along with the Bill of Rights, set the stage for the United States' evolution into a powerful, cohesive nation.Westward Expansion and Manifest Destiny。

美国[United States]正式名称美利坚合众国。

北美洲联邦共和国。

领土包括美洲大陆中纬度地区48个连成一片的州、北美洲西北端的阿拉斯加州，以及太平洋中部的岛州夏威夷。

面积：(包括五大湖)9,529,063平方千米。

人口：约286,067,000(2001)。

首都：华盛顿特区。

人口包括白人、非洲裔美国人、西班牙裔美国人、亚洲人、太平洋岛民、美洲印第安人(美洲土著)、爱斯基摩人及阿留申人。

语言：英语(主要语言)、西班牙语。

宗教：新教、天主教、犹太教和伊斯兰教。

货币：美元。

地形由山脉、平原、低地和沙漠构成。

山脉包括阿巴拉契亚山脉、欧扎克山、落基山脉、喀斯喀特山脉和内华达山脉。

最低点是加利福尼亚州的死谷。

最高点是阿拉斯加山脉的麦金利山，而在美国本土，最高点则是惠特尼山。

主要河流是密西西比河系、科罗拉多河、哥伦比亚河和格兰德河。

五大湖、大盐湖和奥基乔比湖为几个最大的湖。

美国是世界某些矿产的主要生产国，包括铜、银、锌、金、煤、石油和天然气；也是食品的主要输出国。

制造业包括钢铁产品、化学制品、电子产品和纺织品。

其他重要行业为旅游业、奶制品业、畜牧业、渔业和木材加工业。

美国是两院制共和国。

总统为国家元首和政府首脑。

数千年以前已有一些美洲印第安人定居在这块领土，他们可能是来自亚洲。

16世纪欧洲人来此探险和定居，开始取代印第安人。

第一个欧洲人永久居民点是由西班牙人于1565年在佛罗里达州建立的圣奥古斯丁，后来英国人在弗吉尼亚州詹姆斯敦(1607)、马萨诸塞州普里茅斯(1620)、马里兰州(1634)和宾夕法尼亚州(1681)建立定居点。

在卡罗来纳被授予英国贵族一年后，1664年英国人从荷兰人手中夺走纽约、新泽西和德拉瓦。

英国人于1763年击败法国人(参阅法英北美殖民地争夺战[French and Indian War])，在政治上控制了13个殖民地。

英国殖民政策引起的政治动乱，以美国独立战争(1775～1783)和《独立宣言》(1776)而告结束。

新托福听力必备知识背景- 简明美国历史及重要事件英文表达[b][size=3][size=5][align=center]新托福听力必备知识背景- 简明美国历史及重要事件英文表达[/size][size=4][align=center]英属北美殖民地的建立（1607--1733）[/align][/size]北美洲原始居民为印第安人。

16-18世纪，正在进行资本原始积累的西欧各国相继入侵北美洲。

法国人建立了新法兰西(包括圣劳伦斯流域下游大潮区，密西西比河流域等处)；西班牙人建立了新西班牙(包括墨西哥和美国西南部的广大地区)。

1607年，英国建立了第1个殖民据点—詹姆士城，此后在大西洋沿岸陆续建立了13个殖民地。

到达殖民地的大多数是西欧贫苦的劳动人民，也有贵族、地主、资产阶级，以英国人、爱尔兰人、德意志人和荷兰人最多。

移民中有逃避战祸和宗教迫害者，有自愿和非自愿的“契约奴”以及乞丐、罪犯；还有从非洲被贩运来的黑人。

“五月花”号(Mayflower)[align=center][size=4]独立战争（1774—1783）[/size][/align]英法为争夺海上霸权和掠夺殖民地而进行的七年战争，以英国胜利告终。

英国在北美接管了加拿大，控制了密西西比河以东的新法兰西，对北美殖民地全面加强控制，宣告阿巴拉契亚山脉以西为王室产业，禁止殖民地人民染指；并征收重税，严厉缉私，限制经济活动，严重损害了殖民地各阶层人民的经济利益。

从1619年弗吉尼亚建立议会起，各殖民地相继成立议会，与英国相抗衡，1765年9个殖民地举行抗议印花税大会，掀起反抗怒潮。

18世纪70年代英国进一步执行高压政策，1770年波士顿惨案发生。

1773年通过了茶税法，引起波士顿倾茶事件。

1774年颁布了5项不可容忍的法令(诸如封闭波士顿港，增派英国驻军，取消马萨诸塞自治权，确立英国对殖民地的司法权等)，从政治上军事上加紧对殖民地的控制与镇压。

The American Civil War (1861–1865), also known as the War Between the States and several other names, was a civil war in the United States of America. Eleven Southern slave states declared their secession from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America (the Confederacy). Led by Jefferson Davis, they fought against the United States (the Union), which was supported by all the free states and the five border slave states. Union states were loosely referred to as "the North".In the presidential election of 1860, the Republican Party, led by Abraham Lincoln, had campaigned against the expansion of slavery beyond the states in which it already existed. The Republican victory in that election resulted in seven Southern states declaring their secession from the Union even before Lincoln took office on March 4, 1861. Both the outgoing and incoming US administrations rejected the legality of secession, considering it rebellion.Hostilities began on April 12, 1861, when Confederate forces attacked a US military installation at Fort Sumter in South Carolina. Lincoln responded by calling for a volunteer army from each state, leading to declarations of secession by four more Southern slave states. Both sides raised armies as the Union assumed control of the border states early in the war and established a naval blockade. In September 1862, Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation made ending slavery in the South a war goal[1], and dissuaded the British from intervening.[2] Confederate commander Robert E. Lee won battles in the east, but in 1863 his northward advance was turned back after the Battle of Gettysburg and, in the west, the Union gained control of the Mississippi River at the Battle of Vicksburg, thereby splitting the Confederacy. Long-term Union advantages in men and material were realized in 1864 when Ulysses S. Grant fought battles of attrition against Lee, while Union general William Sherman captured Atlanta, Georgia, and marched to the sea. Confederate resistance collapsed after Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Court House on April 9, 1865.The American Civil War was the deadliest war in American history, resulting in the deaths of 620,000 soldiers and an undetermined number of civilian casualties. It legally abolished slavery in the United States, restored the Union and strengthened the role of the federal government. The social, political, economic and racial issues of the war decisively shaped the reconstruction era that lasted to 1877, and brought changes that helped make the country a united superpower.Ge Fort disabilities at the end of World War I as a whole is a turning point in the Civil War. At the beginning of the game, the South forces commander General Li intention of going north, hoping to inspire the campaign to the north of the will for peace, or at least prevent the unification of the Northern Alliance in an attempt to the South. He led 75,000 officers and men of the South northward, in Gettysburg near the fort with disabilities are finding Made by the General Federation of the North, led by 97,000 soldiers, the two sides embarked on a battle.This campaign started officially from July 1, 1863, altogether has continued for three days. Not only this fights is in Civil War both sides puts in the military strength to be most, a casualties biggest campaign, since simultaneously has also been on North America earth has the history to record a scale biggest fight. In Ge Deshi the fort surrounding area less than 25 square miles, the population insufficient 2400 person of small towns govern, built up the bilateral nearly 172000 soldiers and 634 cannons; Altogether the approximately 569 tons gunpowder are consumed inthese three day-long fights, when after fighting had finished, in the broken battlefield is also left over surpasses 5000 warhorse's remains. In fight bilateral altogether casualties approximately 51000 people, north federal 23000 people, south confederation approximately 28000 people. Although this fight only belongs to the model meeting engagement, it already did not have materially the conclusion entire Civil War, also has not achieved the bilateral any war intention, but it still regarded as by the historians in the American civil war history one of greatest fights. As soon as after Ge Deshi the fort fights, regardless of the south General Li's army is on a human body, in the spirit the extreme is exhausted, General Li henceforth also again has not had the thought which goes north on own initiative launches an attack. Although the civil war also has continued afterward for two years, the south confederation also never henceforth fights in defeat's shadow to get rid."Toft Law" and "Liberated Black slave Manifesto" transferred the general farmers and the black slave invests war's enthusiasm, in fact has decided north the final victory militarily. War's turning point was 1863 bottom Si fort campaign, the north gains the glorious victory. From now on north will transfer by the defense counter-attacks, the south enters the strategic defensive by the attack. Is the turning point.美国内战：Civil War，1861年4月15日至1865年4月，美国南方与北方之间进行的战争。

1) The "discovery" of the New World 发现新大陆①The "first Americans" were the Indians 最早的美国人是印第安人②In the late 15th century, Christopher Columbus, an Italian navigator, supported by the Spanish queen, he led his men to sail across the vast ocean in 1492 and reached some small islands in the now west Indies. He thought he had reached Asia and didn't know he had discovered a New Continent.15世纪后期，意大利航海家克里斯多弗.哥伦布，在西班牙女王的支持下,于1492年率领船队穿越浩瀚的大西洋，抵达了现在西印度群岛的一些小岛。

他误以为到达了亚洲，并不知道自己已经发现了一个新大陆。

③Ameriga Vespucci proved that the land was a new continent. Therefore, the land was named America after him.阿美利歌•韦斯普奇证明了这是新大陆，因此，以他的名字命名。

2)Causes of the colonization of the New World 殖民时期Opportunity was a magic word.机遇是一个神气的词①The new Would drew English nobles (who dreamed of getting more land and establishing great new estates.).②Drew other people who could not find jobs in England.③Most of all , it drew the poor and the homeless from the farmlands and villages of Europe.④Many settlers came to the English colonies in search of religious freedom because they had been persecuted in England.1）他吸引了英国的贵族（那些梦想在荒原上创建庞大的新地产的）2）吸引那些在英国无法找到工作的人。

美国历史知识英语作文The American Revolution was a pivotal moment in the country's history. It marked the beginning of the United States as an independent nation, free from British rule.The Civil War was a bloody conflict that tore the nation apart. It was fought over issues of slavery, state's rights, and the balance of power between the federal government and the states.The Great Depression was a time of widespread economic hardship. Many people lost their jobs, homes, and savings. It led to the implementation of new government programs and policies aimed at helping the country recover.The Civil Rights Movement was a powerful social and political movement that sought to end racial segregation and discrimination against African Americans. It led to the passage of important civil rights legislation and forever changed the country.The Vietnam War was a controversial and divisive conflict. Many Americans opposed the war, leading to widespread protests and demonstrations. It had a lasting impact on the country and its people.The 9/11 terrorist attacks were a tragic and shocking event that changed the course of American history. It led to the War on Terror and a heightened sense of national security.The election of Barack Obama as the first African American president was a historic moment for the country. It represented a major milestone in the fight for equality and diversity in America.。

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American Brief HistoryBefore Colonial periodForty thousand years ago, a group of Rangers from Asia through North America to Central and South America, these people are the ancestors of the Indians. Indians living in the Americas when Columbus reached the New World ,There are about 30 million, of which about 20 million people live in Canada and the United States, north-central, the rest of the vast majority live in Mexico and the United States south. About 10,000 years ago, there are another group of Asians migrated to northern North America, which is later Eskimos. The earliest American Caucasian may be Vikings, they are a group of adventurous fishing, some people think that 1,000 years ago, they have been to the east coast of North America.Colonial periodIn 1607, one of about 100 people of colonial groups in Chesapeake Beach Jamestown, which is the first permanent colony built by the British in North America, after 150 years, one after another coming Many colonists settled in the coastal areas, many of them from the United Kingdom, and also in part from France, Germany, the Netherlands, Ireland and other countries. The mid-18th century, the 13 British colonies gradually formed, they have their own government and Parliament in the highest British sovereignty. The 13 colonial area due to the differences of climate and geographical environment, resulting in economic patterns around, the difference between the political system and the concept.Independence MovementThe mid-18th century, the British colonies in the Americas and the United Kingdom, the existing cracks. With the continuous expansion of the colony, and gradually make them aware of the seriousness of the developments, which sprouted the idea of an independent.In 1773, the Boston Tea Party, anti-British colonists dumping.In 1774, representatives from 13 states gathered in Philadelphia, convened the First Continental Congress, hoping to solve the problem peacefully and the United Kingdom. King, however, adhere to the colony must unconditionally surrender to the British king, and accept the punishment. 1775, in Massachusetts, to Lexington flames of war, the outbreak of the War of Independence in North America.Held in Philadelphia in May 1776, the Second Continental Congress, staunch war with the independent determination, and published his famous "Declaration of Independence", put forward a good reason to fight the battle. Issued the "Declaration of Independence" is considered to be the beginning of the establishment by the United States, this day (July 4) was also the United States as a National Day.In October 1777, Saratoga victory, reversing the negative trend of the war of independence early. The campaign to make the American people's confidence, and international support.France and the United States signed a military alliance treaty in February 1778, France officially recognized the United States. France, Spain, the Netherlands have war.In 1781, the Battle of Yorktown Victory, the U.S. military has won a decisive victory. Yorktown after the battle, in addition to the sea there are several warring and sporadic fighting on land, the war of the North American continent has basically stopped.The success of the revolution, the American people have the opportunity to express their political ideas in legislative form. Federal Assembly 1787, held in Philadelphia, in Washington pushed for President, they take a matter of principle, that the central authority is a general, but there must beprudent regulations and instructions, at the same time, they also accept the fact that national government must tax, coin money, to adjust the commercial, a declaration of war and the power to enter into treaties. In addition, in order to prevent the central authority is too large, and to take the politics Montesquieu doctrine, that the Government set three equal cooperation with the department, that the three powers of the legislative, executive, and judicial checks and balances to reconcile checks and balances, rather than make any rights accounted for controlling position.In 1812, Britain again invaded the newly established United States, known as the Second War of Independence, the post-war U.S. states more united.Westward expansionThe early 19th century, thousands of people across the Appalachian Mountains, moved west. Some pioneers, emigrated to the United States border, belong to the territory of Latin America north of Mexico, between Alaska and California, Oregon and even depth.In 1846, the outbreak of the Mexican-American War, the United States expanded their area.Civil WarThe cause of the Civil War, not only economic, political, military and ideological conflict. The civil war has exposed the weakness of the United States. The existence of this country, and made some test. After the test, the United States was moving towards the royal road to a centralized modern state. Slavery issue between the North and the South would disagree, the main policy of the South in national politics, in the protection and expansion of the interests represented by the system of cotton and slaves; northern states, mainly manufacturing, commercial and financial center These production without relying on slaves.This economic and political conflict is long-standing. The early 1860s, 11 Southern states seceded from the Union, and another group of government, said of the North, will be willing to pay any price in order to unify. In 1861, civil war broke out in this bloody war Americans face-to-face, after four years. April 9, 1865, the southern government failed, this victory is not only the U.S. recovery unified, but also from all over the country is no longer the purposes of slavery. Industrialization and reformThe early 19th century, the United States began to industrialization after the civil war entered a mature stage. Become urbanized country in less than 50 years from the Civil War to World War I, the United States from a rural republic. From the 1890-1917 year for the past 30 years, is known as the so-called "progressive period". In 1914, the outbreak of World War I; 1917, the United States was involved in World War whirlpool, and try to play a new role in the world.Great Depression and World War IIAffected by the Great Depression is not just the United States, the countries of the world have been implicated. Great Depression, millions of workers are unemployed, a large number of farmers were forced to give up farmland, factory shops closed, and bank failures in a recession. In 1932, Franklin Roosevelt (1882 to 1945) was elected president, he advocated that the government should take action to end the Great Depression, and then launched a series of policies to a temporary solution to alleviate many difficulties, but the economy of the United States or to the Second World World War II after waking up. After World War II, with the defeat of the Axis powers, Britain and France, the strength of the recession, the United States and the Soviet Union became a superpower, the world was divided into two camps of the East and the West. The United States and the Soviet Union and their respective camps were busy preparing the various aspects ofthe military, political, economic, and propaganda, as in wartime. This state is known as the "Cold War".During the Cold WarThe history of the United States since 1960, many ways is still a continuation of the post-war development. Economic aspects in addition to the cyclical downturn is still expanding; moved from the city to the suburbs of the population continues to increase, and in 1970, ranking rural population of more than the home city population. Early 1960, blacks become the main problem within the United States.The mid-1960s, many Americans began to be dissatisfied with the government's foreign policy. In addition, due to the concentration of industrial development and population, the late 1960s, the ecological environment pollution wide attention. Since the early 1970s, the recession caused by the energy crisis of the worst. The mid-1970s, the U.S. economy once recovery. But not period in the 1970s, and inflation.In 1976, the 200th anniversary of the founding of the United States, the country held various celebrations. The United States in the Cold War eventually caused the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, with the collapse of the Soviet Union, the United States as the world's only superpower, the ideological barriers between the two camps in the world is broken. April 12, 1981, the United States launched the space shuttle Columbia, humans have brought in another space a new era. Terrorist attacks and counter-terrorism policy9.11 in New York and Washington in 2001, "have an enormous impact on the United States and the world, this event is by far the most serious terrorist attacks in human history. The U.S. government condemned this incident and stand by the sympathy and support of most countries; around the world after the events in a variety of commemorative activities. The incident also led to a U.S. foreign policy focused on dealing with the threat of terrorism. The U.S. government started the war on terror and action to overthrow the Taliban regime in Afghanistan in October 2001. In 2003, the United States launched the war in Iraq, the overthrow of the regime of Saddam Hussein, the Iraqi interim government. • May 1, 2011, the Osama bin Laden in the Pakistani capital of Islamabad, the U.S. Navy Seals killed.。

美国历史American History -1Stage 1. Discovery of North America 北美的发现西班牙国王资助Columbus的远征(expedition)，发现了美洲大陆。

很多人错误地认为哥伦布是西班牙人(Spanish)，其实他是意大利人(Italian)，这位仁兄最终发现了美洲，却以为自己到了印度(India)，于是称美洲土著(Native Americans)为印第安人(Indians)，(可怜的北美土著英文冠名权就这样被剥夺了。

)巨大的利益很快引起了当时的世界强国英、法、西班牙、荷兰等的觊觎。

美国历史American History -2Stage 2. English Settlement 英国后裔的定居Early colonization was under individual control. Two historical events:1.1607年一个英国商业性公司(company) 在Massachusetts 建立了第一个成功的殖民定居地Jamestown，可以推断此前建立的定居地均以失败告终；2.1620年五月花(May Flower)号载着一船被排挤的清教徒(Puritans)来到美洲大陆，他们算是美国人的祖先(ancestors/ predecessors)，正是这些人当年的境遇使得后来的美国以追求“自由、民主、平等”为己任。

美国历史American History -3Stage 3. Colonial Era 殖民地时期当时的美洲大陆无异于一块肥肉，西班牙、法国都曾为了瓜分这片土地与大英帝国展开激励的竞争，其中最著名的就是英法百年战争，最终英国获得了对北美大陆的控制权。

ETS对此阶段并不关注，所以有关这一时期的考题也就非常少。

美国历史American History -4Stage4.American Revolution美国革命(1775~1783)美国革命就是美国独立战争(War of Independence/ Independence War)，战争的导火索是中国学生熟知的Boston Tea Event，随着Lexington 的枪声打响，战争宣告开始。