一.数学mathematics, maths(BrE), math(AmE)公理axiom定理theorem 计算calculation 运算operation 证明prove假设hypothesis, hypotheses(pl.) 命题proposition算术arithmetic 1.加plus(prep.), add(v.), addition(n.)被加数augend, summand 加数addend 和sum2.减minus(prep.), subtract(v.), subtraction(n.) 被减数minuend减数subtrahend 差remainder3.乘times(prep.), multiply(v.), multiplication(n.)被乘数multiplicand, faciend 乘数multiplicator 积product4.除divided by(prep.), divide(v.), division(n.) 被除数dividend除数divisor 商quotient5.等于equals, is equal to, is equivalent to 大于is greater than小于is lesser than 大于等于is equal or greater than小于等于is equal or lesser than二.运算符operator 平均数mean 算术平均数arithmatic mean 几何平均数geometric mean n个数之积的n次方根倒数（reciprocal）x的倒数为1/x 有理数rational number无理数irrational number 实数real number数字digit虚数imaginary number 数number 自然数natural number整数integer 小数decimal 小数点decimal point 分数fraction分子numerator 分母denominator 比ratio 正positive负negative 零null, zero, nought, nil三.十进制decimal system 二进制binary system十六进制hexadecimal system 权weight, significance进位carry 截尾truncation 四舍五入round 下舍入round down 上舍入round up 有效数字significant digit 无效数字insignificant digit 代数algebra 公式formula, formulae(pl.) 单项式monomial 多项式polynomial, multinomial 系数coefficient未知数unknown, x-factor, y-factor, z-factor 等式，方程式equation 一次方程simple equation 二次方程quadratic equation三次方程cubic equation 四次方程quartic equation不等式inequation 阶乘factorial 对数logarithm乘方power指数，幂exponent 二次方，平方square 三次方，立方cube四次方the power of four, the fourth power n次方the power of n, the nth power 开方evolution, extraction 二次方根，平方根square root 三次方根，立方根cube root 四次方根the root of four, the fourth root n次方根the root of n, the nth rootsqrt(2)=1.414 sqrt(3)=1.732 sqrt(5)=2.236四.常量constant 变量variable 坐标coordinat 坐标轴x-axis,y-axis, z-axis 横坐标x-coordinate 纵坐标y-coordinate 原点origin象限quadrant截距(有正负之分) intercede 方程的解solution五.1.几何geometry 点point 线line 面plane 体solid线段segment 射线radial平行parallel 相交intersect 角angle 角度degree 弧度radian 锐角acute angle 直角right angle钝角obtuse angle 平角straight angle 周角perigon 底base边side 高height2.三角形triangle 锐角三角形acute triangle直角三角形right triangle 直角边leg 斜边hypotenuse勾股定理Pythagorean theorem 钝角三角形obtuse triangle不等边三角形scalene triangle 等腰三角形isosceles triangle等边三角形equilateral triangle 四边形quadrilateral平行四边形parallelogram 矩形rectangle 长length 宽width周长perimeter 面积area 相似similar 全等congruent三角trigonometry 正弦sine 余弦cosine 正切tangent余切cotangent 正割secant 余割cosecant 反正弦arc sine反余弦arc cosine 反正切arc tangent 反余切arc cotangent反正割arc secant 反余割arc cosecant六.集合aggregate 元素element 空集void 子集subset交集intersection 并集union 补集complement 映射mapping 函数function 定义域domain, field of definition 值域range单调性monotonicity 奇偶性parity 周期性periodicity图象image 数列，级数series 微积分calculus 微分differential 导数derivative 极限limit 无穷大infinite(a.) infinity(n.)无穷小infinitesimal 积分integral 定积分definite integral不定积分indefinite integral 复数complex number七.矩阵matrix 行列式determinant 圆circle圆周率pi圆心centre(BrE), center(AmE) 半径radius 直径diameter弧arc 半圆semicircle 扇形sector 环ring 椭圆ellipse圆周circumference 轨迹locus, loca(pl.) 立方体cube平行六面体parallelepiped 七面体heptahedron八面体octahedron 九面体enneahedron十面体decahedron 十一面体hendecahedron十二面体dodecahedron 二十面体icosahedron多面体polyhedron 旋转rotation 轴axis 球sphere半球hemisphere 底面undersurface 表面积surface area体积volume 空间space 双曲线hyperbola抛物线parabola四面体tetrahedron 五面体pentahedron六面体hexahedron菱形rhomb, rhombus, rhombi(pl.), diamond 正方形square 梯形trapezoid 直角梯形right trapezoid等腰梯形isosceles trapezoid 五边形pentagon 六边形hexagon 七边形heptagon 八边形octagon 九边形enneagon十边形decagon 十一边形hendecagon 十二边形dodecagon多边形polygon 正多边形equilateral polygon 相位phase周期period 振幅amplitude内心incentre(BrE), incenter(AmE)外心excentre(BrE), excenter(AmE)旁心escentre(BrE), escenter(AmE)垂心orthocentre(BrE), orthocenter(AmE)重心barycentre(BrE), barycenter(AmE)内切圆inscribed circle 外切圆circumcircle八.1.统计statistics 平均数average加权平均数weighted average方差variance 标准差root-mean-square deviation, standard deviation比例propotion百分比percent 百分点percentage百分位数percentile2.排列permutation 组合combination 概率，或然率probability3.分布distribution 正态分布normal distribution非正态分布abnormal distribution4.图表graph 条形统计图bar graph 柱形统计图histogram折线统计图broken line graph 曲线统计图curve diagram。
