绝密★启用前2014-2015学年石景山区高三第一学期测试英语试卷（带解析）试卷副标题考试范围：xxx ；考试时间：92分钟；命题人：xxx学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________注意事项．1．答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息 2．请将答案正确填写在答题卡上第I 卷（选择题）一、阅读理解（题型注释）No one should be forced to wear a uniform under any circumstance. Uniforms are controlling the human spirit and totally unnecessary in a democratic(民主的) society. Uniforms tell the world that the person who wears one has no value as an individual but only lives to function as a part of the whole. The individual in a uniform loses all self-worth.There are those who say that wearing a uniform gives a person a sense of identification with a larger, more important concept. What could be more important than the individual himself? If an organization is so weak that it must rely on cloth and buttons to inspire its members, that organization has no right to continue its existence.Others say that the practice of making persons wear uniforms, say in school, gets rid of all envy and competition in a matter of dress, such that a poor person who cannot afford good-quality clothing is not to be looked down upon by a wealthy person who wears expensive clothing. Those persons ignore the concepts as freedom of choice, motivation, and individuality. If all persons were to wear the same clothing, why would anyone struggle to be better? It is only a short step from forcing everyone to drive the same car, have the same type of food. When this试卷第2页，共12页happens, all motivation to improve one’s li fe is removed. Why would parents bother to work hard so that their children could have a better life than they had when they know that their children are going to be forced to have exactly the same life as they had?Uniforms also hurt the economy(经济). Right now, billions of dollars are spent on the fashion industry yearly. Thousands of people are employed in designing, creating, and marketing different types of clothing. If everyone were forced to wear uniforms, artistic personnel would be unnecessary. Salesmen would be extra as well. Why bother to sell the only items that are available? The wearing of uniforms would destroy the fashion industry which in turn would have a wave effect on such industries as advertising and sales promotion. Without advertising, newspapers, magazines, and television would not be able to remain in business. Our entire information and entertainment industries would collapse.1、Why does the author discuss forcing everyone to buy the same car or eat the same food? A ．To show that freedom of choice is absolute in modern society. B ．To suggest what would happen if uniforms became compulsory. C ．To predict the way the society will be in the next few generations. D ．To show that the government has too much control over people’s lives.2、The l ast word of the passage “collapse” probably means ________. A ．fail B ．rise C ．disappear D ．struggle3、The author’s primary purpose in writing this passage was to ________. A ．show that uniforms are not possible in a democratic society B ．advise the government to change the rules of wearing uniforms C ．advocate stronger governmental controls on the wearing of uniforms D ．convince the reader that uniforms have more disadvantages than advantagesHuman beings have used tools for a very long time. In some parts of the world you can still find tools that people used more than two million years ago. They made these tools by hitting one stone against another. In this way, they broke off pieces from one of the stones. These chips of stone were usually sharp on one side. People used them for cutting meat and skin from dead animals, and also for making other tools out of wood. Human beings needed to use tools because they did not have sharp teeth like other meat eating animals, such as lions and tigers. Tools helped people to get food more easily.Working with tools also helped to develop human intelligence. The human brain grew bigger,and human beings began to invent more and more tools and machines. The stone chip was one of the first tools that people used, and perhaps it is the most important. Some scientists say that it was the key to success of mankind.Since 1960 a new kind of tool has appeared. This is the silicon chip (硅芯片). It is smaller than a finger nail, but it can store lots of information. It is an electronic brain. Every year these chips get cleverer, but their size gets smaller, and their cost gets less. They are used in watches, calculators and intelligent machines that we can use in many ways. In the future we will not need to work with tools in the old way. Machines will do everything for us. People will have plenty of spare time. But what will they do with it?Human beings used stone chips for more than two million years, but human life changed very little in that time. We have used silicon chips for only a few years, but life is changing faster every day. What will life be like twenty years from now? What will the world be like two million years from now?4、From paragraph 1, we can know ________.A．why early human beings cut skin from dead animalsB．how early human beings discovered the toolsC．what early human beings used the tools forD．what food early human beings stored5、The stone chip is thought to be the most important tool because it ________.A．was very important to the development of mankindB．led to the invention of machines in the early timeC．developed cooking abilities of mankindD．was one of the first tools of mankind6、The silicon chip is mentioned in the passage to ________.A．show the changes of toolsB．introduce a new kind of toolC．give an example of using toolsD．compare the effects of two kinds of tools7、At the end of the passage the author seems to suggest that life in future is ________. A．out of order B．less colorfulC．hard to predict D．full of meanings试卷第4页，共12页In 1880, fourteen-year-old Matthew Henson loved to hear sailors tell tales of their exciting lives at sea. The travel, the adventure, the danger, and the steady pay were all attracting young Henson. One day, he found a job as a cabin boy on a beautiful ship called the Katie Hinds. For the next five years, Henson sailed around the world. With the help of the ship’s captain and other members of the crew, Henson learned mathematics, navigation, history, geography, and many other subjects. By the time he left the Katie Hinds in 1885, Henson was well educated and had become an excellent seaman.Unable to find work anywhere else, Henson took a job in a hat shop in Washington, D.C. One day in 1887, a man came in to buy a hat. The man, Robert Peary, asked the owner if he knew anyone with experience at sea. Peary would soon travel to South America for the U.S. government. He needed experienced men to accompany him. The shop owner knew about his young employee’s skills and experience on ocean journeys, so he introduced Peary to Henson. Using his map-reading and sailing skills, Henson proved himself to be a worthy and smart seaman. Peary soon made Henson his assistant, and they became close friends. One day Peary told Henson about his real dream: to be the first man to stand on “the top of the world” at the North Pole. He asked Henson to help him make his dream come true. Over the next five years, the two explorers made two trips together to the Arctic. However, they were not able to reach the pole either time. The cold, wind, and ice were worse than either of them had ever imagined. In 1908, Peary and Henson were ready to make their final attempt at reaching the North Pole. Both men were over forty years old. The years of hardship in the arctic cold had made them suffer a lot. This would be their last chance. With four Inuit guides, they made a mad rush straight across the ice toward the pole. Peary’s feet were injured and he had to be pulled on a dogsled. In April 1909, Henson’s instruments showed they were standing at the North Pole. Together Henson and Peary planted the American flag in the snow.In later years, Robert Peary and Henson were greatly honored for their achievements. Today, the two friends and fellow explorers lie in heroes’ graves not far apart in the Arlington National Cemetery.8、In paragraph1, the author shows how Henson became ________. A ．a skilled seaman B ．a highly educated captain C ．employed in a restaurant D ．interested in helping others9、Paragraph 2 mainly tells us ________.A．how Matthew Henson met Robert PearyB．why Matthew Henson went to the hat shopC．why Matthew Henson stopped working on the Katie HindsD．how Robert Peary knew that Matthew Henson had sea experience10、On their trip to the North Pole, Henson and Peary could best be compared to ________. A．treasure hunters seeking big fortunesB．generals seeking power over another countryC．soldiers going to war to fight for their freedomD．fighters performing a task in an unknown land11、The information presented in this passage is mainly organized ________.A．by cause and effectB．by comparing and contrastingC．in the order that the events happenedD．with main ideas and supporting examplesYou may have seen a talking parrot on a TV show, in a movie, or even in someone’s home. The parrot has learned to copy sounds that people make. Birds are not the only animals that can copy the noises they hear. Dolphins, bats, and some apes also copy sounds. Now we can add elephants to this list of copycats.Dr. Joyce Poole is a zoologist. She studies the sounds of elephants. While she was in Kenya, she would hear strange noises made by Mlaika after sunset. Mlaika was a 10-year-old African elephant.Mlaika lived near a highway. Dr. Poole says, “I could not tell the difference between Mlaika’s call and the distant truck noise.” She and other scientists studied Mlaika’s sounds. It turned out that Mlaika was copying the sounds of the trucks driving by. Why would Mlaika copy trucks that she heard going by on the highway? Animals that are able to copy sounds may enjoy practicing new sounds. When they are kept outside of their natural environment, they may copy unusual sounds. That may be why an elephant would copy the sound of a truck.“Mlaika was not the only copycat elephant,” Dr. Poole says. Calimero is a 23-year-old male African elephant. He spent 18 years with two female Asian elephants. Asian elephants makechirping sounds (sounds made by birds) to talk with one another. African elephants usually do试卷第6页，共12页not make chirping sounds. But Calimero now does. He is copying his Asian elephant friends. Dr. Poole says that elephants need to form bonds with their family and friends. She says, “They make sounds to communicate with each other. When they are separated, they use sounds to keep in contact.”Parrots, dolphins, humans, and elephants show that being a copycat is one way that animals and people make new friends and keep old ones.12、According to the passage, what does Mlaika copy?A ．The sound of people.B ．The sound of trucks.C ．The sound of Calimero.D ．The sound of birds. 13、Why is Calimero mentioned in the passage? A ．To clarify the meaning of copycat elephants. B ．To show the cleverness of African elephants. C ．To add another example of copycat elephants. D ．To introduce a special life skill of Asian elephants. 14、From paragraph 4, we can know________.A ．how long it takes for an elephant to learn a new soundB ．why the African elephant can make chirping soundsC ．why the Asian elephants make noises after sunsetD ．how Asian and African elephants are alike15、According to the passage, why do some animals like to be copycats? A ．To keep in touch with nature. B ．To please people and other animals. C ．To make new friends and keep old ones. D ．To avoid the danger from the outside world.二、完形填空（题型注释）Risha loved school. However, there was one class Risha worried about more than any other —art. She didn’t know why she just wasn’t any good at , painting, or cutting. Ms. Clay, the art teacher, stood at the front of the room. “Class, next Friday our s chool is going to have an art ,” she announced. Ms. Clay was a great teacher, and Risha liked her a lot. Butthis announcement made Risha . “Everyone in the school will create a piece of artworkto in the library. You can use the differen t types of artwork we have been studying.” Ms. Clay was quite excited when she spoke Risha found herself sinking lower in her chair. Risha had the whole weekend to work on her project, she could not think of anything to do. On Monday, Risha felt frightened, so after school Risha asked Ms. Clay if she could write an art paper doing an art project.“I understand this project you, Risha,” Ms. Clay said. “Just remember, you canany kind of art you want.” Ms. Clay smiled at her. “Art is a person’s way of expressing his or her feelings—it isn’t always painting, drawing, or cutting. I know you will think of something very creative, and I can’t to see it.”When Risha arrived home, she took out a piece of paper and a pencil. She Ms. Clay’s words. “Art is a person’s way of expressing his or her feelings.” Risha wrote the word “terrified” on her paper. She crumpled(把……揉成团) the paper and threw it to the side of her desk. Then Risha stared at the crumpled ball. It reminded her of a snowball. an idea struck her. Why not create a winter wonderland out of crumpled paper? Risha didn’t have to draw or paintor cut.Risha crumpled lots of paper balls, glued them all together, and them on a big piece of hard paper to form a snowman. The snowman a hat made of black paper and a scarf made of red paper. And she even crumpled brown and green paper to create a forest. Her project was really wonderful.On Friday, Risha carefully carried her project into the library. She noticed the and the nods from teachers and other students she put her work on a table. Ms. Clay walked over to Risha.“You have created an original and amazing piece of artwork. I am so proud of you!” Ms. Clay said.Risha was proud of herself too. Her pride when Ms. Clay placed a first-place star on her artwork. “Maybe I am a good after all,” Risha thought.16、A．drawing B．writing C．cleaning D．spelling17、A．lesson B．meeting C．collection D．competition18、A．excited B．nervous C．satisfied D．surprised19、A．paint B．sell C．donate D．show20、A．before B．unless C．while D．because试卷第8页，共12页21、A ．and B ．but C ．or D ．therefore22、A ．in case of B ．because of C ．instead of D ．by means of 23、A ．shocked B ．encouraged C ．pleased D ．scared 24、A ．refuse B ．change C ．create D ．receive 25、A ．wait B ．afford C ．come D ．stand26、A ．noticed B ．imagined C ．remembered D ．heard 27、A ．Suddenly B ．Seriously C ．Lately D ．Slowly 28、A ．never B ．even C ．just D ．nearly29、A ．knocked B ．placed C ．destroyed D ．shared 30、A ．showed B ．owned C ．wore D ．kept31、A ．finished B ．used C ．improved D ．uncompleted 32、A ．doubt B ．tears C ．anger D ．smiles 33、A ．though B ．since C ．if D ．as34、A ．disappeared B ．grew C ．exploded D ．decreased 35、A ．artist B ．teacher C ．organizer D ．advertiser三、单项选择（题型注释）36、We _____ the sunshine in Sanya now if it were not for the delay of our flight. A ．were enjoying B ．would have enjoyed C ．would be enjoying D ．will enjoy37、_____ creative looks like a good way to add years to your life. A ．Being B ．Been C ．Having been D ．Be38、-- Are you free now? I have something interesting to tell you. --- OK, _____ you make it short. You know, I am busy.A ．now thatB ．as soon asC ．every timeD ．as long as39、My mobile phone is missing. Who _____ it?A ．must have takenB ．should have takenC ．could have takenD ．need have taken40、The young man, _____ in heavy traffic on the way, got home an hour later than usual. A．catching B．caught C．having caught D．to be caught41、Don’t run red lights, _____ you may get run over by a car.A．so B．but C．for D．or42、Language is changing all the time. Some English words today can mean totally different things to _____ they meant before.A．which B．that C．不填 D．what43、Give my regards to your parents when you _____ home.A．will call B．call C．have called D．called44、The unemployment rate has decreased _____ 2% to 5.4%, compared with 7.4 % last year. A．by B．from C．with D．on45、Beijing successfully held the 2014 APEC meeting, _____ won high praise from the member countries.A．what B．that C．which D．who46、--- Bob, could I use your computer this evening?--- Sorry. I _____ a report on it then.A．will be writing B．have been writingC．have written D．will have written47、Scotland voted against independence；more than half of the people chose _____ part of the United Kingdom.A．remaining B．remainedC．to have remained D．to remain48、--- Catherine, will you visit us this weekend?--- I planned to, but something unexpected _____.A．has come up B．was coming upC．had come up D．would come up试卷第10页，共12页49、 --- Talking of travel, have you ever been to Chicago? --- Yes. I _____ it twice while I was working in the US. A ．have visited B ．visited C ．was visiting D ．would visit50、To his delight, Tom quickly earned the trust of his girl friend and then _____ of her parents. A ．one B ．ones C ．that D ．those第II卷（非选择题）四、信息匹配（题型注释）You probably don’t know as much as you think you do. When put to the test, most people find they can’t explain the workings of everyday things they think they understand. Don’t believe me? Find an object you use daily (an ear phone, a toilet, a stereo speaker) and try to describe how it works. 51、 We call this phenomenon the illusion of explanatory depth(解释性深度错觉). It means you think you fully understand something that you actually don’t.We see this every day in buzzwords (流行语). Though we often use them, their meanings are usually unclear. 52、Several years ago, I attended a meeting where the president spoke about global business practice in the coming year. During the talk, people around the room nodded in agreement. Afterwards, though, many of them discussed how to manage global business practice, none of the people who had nodded in agreement could exactly describe what it actually meant.No matter what job you do, discovering your gaps in knowledge is necessary. An unknown gap means you might not fully understand a problem. 53、To discover the things you can’t explain, take a lesson from teachers. When you guide someone else, you have to fill the gaps in your own knowledge. But you don’t need to teach someone else. Explain concepts to yourself as you learn them. Get in the habit of self-teaching. Involve others in learning together. 54、 Ask them to explain difficult concepts, even if you think everyone understands them. Not only will this help you to work through new ideas, but it will occasio nally uncover places where your friends don’t understand the explanations.55、 They can help you have a better understanding of problems.A．An active learner usually puts it into reality.B．That can prevent you from solving the problem properly.C．Your explanations can’t show your own knowledge gaps.D．Help recognize the knowledge gaps of the people around you.E. You’re likely to discover unexpected gaps in your knowledge.F. They cover gaps in our knowledge, serving concepts we don’t fully understan d.G. When you do uncover these gaps, treat them as learning opportunities, not signs of weakness.五、书面表达（题型注释）56、假设你是红星中学高三（1）班的学生李华，针对校园内一些不文明现象，你班开展了主题活动，请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，为校刊“英语园地”写一篇短文，记述你和同学参与活动的全过程。
