college english book2 lesson 7

Unit7▲overwhelm vt. 1.使不知所措, (感情上) 使（某人）受不了2.胜过，击败spin v. 1.（使）迅速地旋转 2.纺线，纺纱，纺织n. 旋转title vt. 给(书、文章等) 取名n. 1.名称，题目2.称呼，头衔react vi. 1.作出反应，回应 2.反对，反抗reactor n. [C] 原子反应堆，核反应堆tense a. 1.紧张的2.拉紧的，绷紧的v. （使）紧张，（使）绷直▲cholesterol n. [U] 胆固醇excess a. 额外的，附加的n. 无节制，过量fiber (英fibre) n. [C, U] 纤维，纤维物质circuit n. 1.电路2.环道，环形道worm n. [C]虫，蠕虫pump n. 泵vt. （用泵）抽吸（或运送）attribute vt. 把……归因于，把……归咎于n. 特性，属性exterior n. 外部，外面，外表a. 外部的，外面的，外表的interior n. 内部a. 内部的▲destructive a. 破坏的▲perfection n. 完美，十全十美，尽善尽美perfectionist n. 力求完美者，完美主义者，凡事求全者delegate vt. 1.授权，委托权限 2.选派代表n. 代表cycle n. 1.循环，周期2.自行车（脚踏车），摩托车vi. 骑自行车emphasis n. 强调jam n. 1.堵塞2.[U] 果酱vt. 把……塞入，挤入vi. 卡住，轧住argument n. 1.争论，争吵 2. 论据，论点，理由stir v. 1.搅和，搅拌，拌匀 2.使激动，惹起，激起n. 1.搅和，搅拌2.激动；骚乱，动乱outlet n. 1.发泄（精力、感情）的方法 2.出口▲physiological a. 生理的，生理学的physiologically ad. 生理上，在生理学上recommend vt. 1. 建议，劝告 2.推荐，举荐financial a. 财政的，金融的financially ad. 在金融上，在财政上independent a. 1.独立的，自主的，自立的 2.无偏见的，中立的stimulate vt. 刺激，激励，激发temper n. 1.心情，情绪2.性情，脾气vt. 使缓和，软化，调和priority n. 1.优先处理的事 2.居先，优先（权）viewpoint n. 观点，看法troublesome a. 令人烦恼的，麻烦的，使人痛苦的politician n. 1.政客 2.政治家deadline n. 最后期限flee v. 逃跑，逃避，逃逸Phrases and Expressionsbe out of control 失去控制，不听约束blood pressure 血压blow one's top 大发雷霆stir in one's own juice 受煎熬blow apart 爆炸on one's trail 在……路上cut down 减少……的数量keep sth. in mind 记住◆workaholic n. 闲不下来的人，工作狂dimension n. 1.方面，特点 2.尺度（宽，长，厚，高）dimensional a. （构成复合词的）有……维的，……方面的constant a. 1.经常的，永恒的，不断的 2.不变的，固定的constantly ad. 经常地，不断地drunk a. 1.（酒）醉的 2.陶醉（于）consequence n. 1.结果，结局，影响2.重要性system n. 1.制度，体制；一套（工作）方法2.系统，装置sanction vt. 批准，认可n. 1.批准，认可2.约束力，约束因素workaholism n. 醉心工作，迷恋工作employee n. 雇员，被雇佣的人employer n. 雇主loyal a. 忠诚的，忠贞的hazard vt. 1.使遭受危险，冒险2.冒险做出；大胆提出n. 危险；风险trap vt. 1.使陷于困境，使落入圈套，使受限制 2.设陷阱捕捉n. 1.陷阱，捕捉机2.圈套，诡计consumption n. 1. 消耗，消费 2. 消费量，消耗量mode n. 方法，方式merchant n. 商人rack vt. 使（肉体或精神）受痛苦，使受折磨，给……造成麻烦（此词在文中与up连用，意义为"积累"。

全新版⼤学英语第⼆册教案Unit7LearningaboutEnglish Unit 7 Learning about EnglishⅠ. Teaching planobjectives1. grasp the main idea (because of its tolerance for outside influences, English has become agreat language) and structure of the text;2. understand some idiomatic English usages mentioned in the unit;3. master key language points and structures in the text;4. conduct a series of reading, listening ,speaking and writing activities related to the theme ofthe unit.Time allotment1st period: pre-reading; while-reading(title)2nd period: while-reading( title, language points)3rd period: while-reading( language points); post-reading(drawing a picture)4th period: post-reading; check on students’ home reading (text B)5th period: theme-related language learning tasksPre-reading tasks1. T asks Ss the following questions on the recorded passage:(23 minutes)----what is the passage about? (English is a great language, but it is also a crazy language.)----Can you give one or two examples to illustrate the messiness of the English language?( see transcript of the recorded passage for the many examples it mentions)----Are you sure of all the idiomatic usages mentioned in the recorded passage?[ some if the moreconfusing usages are explained here:1)ship by truck / send cargo by ship: ship can be either a verb or a nounThe first “ship” means “send”, the second one “a large boat”.2) noses that run / feet that smells: this refers to what people usually say “ have a runningnose”, “ have a smelly feet”.3) a slim / fat chance: a remote possibility4) a wise guy: a person who pretends to be much wiser than he / she really is; a derogatoryterma wise man: a really wise person; a commendatory term5) overlook: fail to see or notice, pay no attention tooversee: control (work, workmen)6) hot / cold as hell: extremely hot/ cold7) burn up: catch fire and flare upburn down: be destroyed by fire8) fill in a form/ fill out a form: synonymous9) go off: start an action, usually accompanied by a great noisego on: continue doing something10) race can be any of several divisions of mankind (种族,民族) or any of the main divisionsof living creatures .( 任何⽣物的种属, e.g. human race)11) when stars are out: when stars appear in the skywhen lights are out: when lights are turned off12) wind up a watch: tightening the spring of a watchwind up a speech: end a speech2. T may lead in to Text A by saying: As we discover from the previous exercise, an Englishmay have multiple meanings. Likewise, several different words may be pronounced in the same way. For example; I knew a student who ,upon hear ing the title of Helen Keller’s famous essay Three Days to See, translated it into <海边三⽇>. Considered in this perspective, English is really messy. However, according to Text A, this is also a major merit of English. ( 2 minutes)While-reading tasks1.interpretation of the title (10 minutes)1)Ss look at the title. T introduces the concept of an oxymoron (⽭盾修饰法, see TextAnalysis )2)Ss scan the first three paragraphs to find out the definition for “ glorious messiness” (inPara3)2.Text Organization (15 minutes)1)T draws Ss’ attention to Text Organization Exercise 1, leads them through the dire ctions,then dictates to them the main ideas of each part.2)Ss scan the first sentence of each paragraph in Text A to find out where the present tense isswitched to the past tense (Para4) and where the present tense is resumed (Para 17)3)Ss compare their findings with Text Organization Exercise 1, and they will see the division ofparts coincides with tense changes.3.T explains language points and gives Ss practice ( see Language Study). When going through the text, T may also point out the various rhetorical devices that appear in it (see Text Analysis) (60 minutes)Post-reading tasks1.D rawing a picture (35 minutes)1)T draws Ss’ attention to a quotation from Ralph Waldo Emerson in the quotation section---“The English language is the sea which receives tributaries from every region under heaven.”2)Ss try to draw a picture of the development of the English language. The body of English isthe sea, while the major influences are the tributaries that flow into it. At each point wherea river merges into the sea, note down the time. Along each river, note down the name ofthe language from which English has borrowed. (refer to Text Organization Exercise 2)3)Some Ss draw their pictures on the blackboard. Then T gives some comments.4)Ss re-read PartⅡto find out how the author organizes the phases of English languagedevelopment into a coherent piece. (by transitional devices at paragraph heads. Pay special attention to the underlined parts below:---how did the language of a small island--- become the language of the planet?---new words came with the Germanic tribes---in the 5th century.---the next big influence on English was------then into this relatively peaceful land came the Vikings------another flood of new vocabulary occurred in 1066------around 1476 William Caxon set up a printing press in England------as settlers landed in North America---2.T guides Ss through some after-text exercises .( 30 minutes)3.T checks on Ss’ home reading (Text B).(3 minutes)4.S s do part Ⅳ: Theme-related language learning tasks.(1 period)5.T asks Ss to prepare the next unit: (2 minutes)1)do the pre-reading tasks;2)preview Text A.Ⅱ.Text AnalysisAn expert on English language is supposed to know well about rhetorical devices in English. Robert MacNeil, the author of Text A ,does not disappoint us.The title, The Glorious Messiness of English, offers a good example of oxymoron. An oxymoron puts two contradictory terms together to puzzle the reader, luring him /her to pause and explore why. “glorious” is a commendatory term ,while “messiness” is derogatory. Why do they stand next to each other? Then ,as the reader reads on, he/ she will find out that the title is actually a thesis statement: yes, English is messy, but the messiness reflects some commendable qualities of English, such as t olerance, the love of freedom, and the respect for others’ rights. At this point the reader cannot but admire the author’s ingunuity.Robert MacNeil employs many metaphors , such as core of English ,a common parent language, another flood of new vocabulary, the special preserve of grammarians . In Para 18 there is an instance of sustained metaphor: the cultural soil, the first shoots sprang up,---grew stronger, build fences around their language. In this case the English language is compared to plants, and the various cultures influencing it are compared to the soil, while users of English are compared to gardeners.We can also find parallelism in the quote from Winston Churchill: “We shall fight on the beaches ,we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields ad in the streets, we shall fight in the hills. We shall never surrender.”There is personification in the sentence “ Translations of Greek and Roman classics were poured onto the printed page---”There is metonymy in the sent ence “The country now had three languages: French for the nobles, Latin for the churches and English for the common people.” Here the word “churched” stands for religious institutions and those who are involved in religious practices.Ⅲ. Cultural Notes1.History of English:The roots of English: English began as a west Germanic language which was brought to England by the Saxons around 400 A.D. Old English was the spoken and written language of England between 400 and 1100 A.D. Many words used today come from Old English, including man, woman, king, mother, etc. But Old English was very different from modern Englishand only a few words can be easily recognized. In the 9th and 10th centuries, when Vikings invaded England, Old Norse words, eg, sky, take and get and many place names , entered the language.From the Norman Conquest (1066) until the late 12th century English was replaced as the official language by Norman French, though English was still used by the lower classes. Englishfrom about 1300 to 1500 is known as Middle English. It was influenced by French and also Latin in vocabulary and pronunciation. French brought many words connected with government, e.g. sovereign, royal, court, legal and government itself. Latin was the language of religion and learning and gave to English words such as minister, angel, master, school and grammar. Literature began again to be written in English during this period. One of the most famous Middle English works is Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales.The development of Modern English: Modern English developed from the Middle English dialect of the East Midlands and was influenced by the English used in London, where a printing press was set up by William Caxon in 1476. English changed a great deal from this time until the end of 18th century. During the Renaissance, many words were introduced from Greek and Latin to express new ideas, especially in science, medicine and philosophy. They included physics, species, architecture, encyclopedia and hypothesis. In the 16th century several versions of the Bible helped bring written English to ordinary people. The Elizabethan period is also famous for its drama and Shakespeare’s plays were seen by many people. The development of printing helped established standards of spelling and grammar, but there remained a lot of variation. Samuel Johnson’s A Dictionary of the English Languages (1755) was the first authoritative of English. It defined about40,000 words and gave examples of their use.By the 18th century American English was established and developing independently from British English . After colonists arrived in the US new words began to be added from Native American languages, and from French and Spanish. In 1783, soon after Johnson’s dictionary was publ ished, Noah Webster’s The Elementary Spelling Book was published in the US. At first it used Johnson’s spellings, but later editions contained many of what have come to be known as American spellings, e.g. harbor and favorite.2oth century English: during the 19th and early 20th centuries many dictionaries and books about language were published. New words are still being added to English from other languages, including Chinese (feng shui) and Japanese (karaoke). Existing words gain new senses, and new expressions spread quickly through television and the Internet.English is now an international language and is used as a means of communication between people from many countries. As a result the influences on the English language are wider than ever and it is possible that World English will move away from using a British or American standard and establish its own international identity.2.Winston Churchill( 1874-1965) : a politician who is remembered as one of Britain’s greatest statesmen. He was the son of the Conservative politician Lord Randolph Churchill and his American wife Jennie. As a young man he served as a soldier in India and Egypt, and as ajournalist in South Africa, before entering politics. Churchill became Prime Minister and Minister of Defence in 1940. His radio speeches during World WarⅡgave the British people a strong determination to win the war, especially at times of great crisis. Examples of Churchill’s phrases will often quoted today are “ I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat ”, and “This was their finest hour”. The Conservative Party led by Churchill lost the election of 1945, but he became Prime Minister again from 1951 to 1955 when he retired, aged 80. When he died in Jan 1965 he was given a state funeral.3.Julius Caesar (100-44BC): the best-known of all the ancient Roman leaders, and the first onw to land in Britain with an army. He did this twice, in 55 and 54 BC, although Britain did not become part of the Roman Empire until nearly a hundred years later.4.Viking: a member of a people from Scandinavia who attacked parts of northern and western Europe, including Britain and Ireland , in the 8th to 11th centuries. In Britain they were also known as Norsemen. They settled on the Scottish islands and in areas of eastern England, and the Danish King Canute ruled England from 1016. The Vikings were feared as violent and cruel, but they were also noted for their skill in building ships and as sailors. They had an important influence on English culture and the English language.5.Norman: any of the people from Normandy in northern France who settled in England after their leader William defeated the English king at the Battle of Hastings in 1066. The Normans took control of the country, a process known as the Norman Conquest. They used many of the existing Anglo-Saxon methods of government of the state and the church, but added important aspects of their own and made government much more effective. The language of government became first Latin, and then Norman French, and this caused many new words to be added to the existing English language.Ⅳ. Language Study1.massive: large in scale, amount, or degreeeg. The ancient temple’s massive stone pillars had begun to crumble.The scale of the problem is so massive that it will require all our resources to deal with it.2.snack: a small mealeg. I usually have a snack of a hamburger and a glass of coke at lunchtime.The children in the kindergarten have a midmorning snack of milk and biscuits.3.corrupt: 1)cause errors to appear ineg. The Academy ruled that such foreign expressions were not permitted, as they corruptedthe language.2)cause to act dishonestly in return for personal gainseg. To our great surprise, the former mayor turned out to have been corrupted by the desire for money and power.4.ban : forbid sth officially (used in the pattern: ban sb from sth./ doing sth.)eg. The local government will ban smoking in all offices later this year.Tom was banned from driving for six months after being caught speeding again.n. ban (followed by on)eg. The government is considering a total ban on cigarette advertising.5. invent: 1)invent:1)make or design （sth. tat has not existed before）; create (sth.)Examples: James Watt invented the steam engine.⼀Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone.2)give (a name, reason, etc. that doesn't exist or is not true)Examples: All the characters in the novel are invented.Standing still in the teacher’s office, the boy tried to invent a plausible excuse for his absence from class.Cf:: invent, discoverIf somebody invents something, they are the first person to think of it or make it.Example: Walter Hunt and Elias Hone invented the sewing machine.If somebody discovers something, they find out about something which exists but which was not previously known. Example: The planet Pluto was discovered in 1930.6.fascinating: of great interest or attractionExamples: The story of his adventures in the Arctic was fascinating to listen to.I found the discussion about cloning absolutely fascinating.It is fascinating to imagine what might have happened if the US had not declared war against Japan in World War II.7.strictly speaking: if one uses words, applies rules, etc. in their exact senseExample: He's not strictly speaking m artist; he is more of a performer.Strictly speaking she was not qualified for the job-But we employed her because of her honesty.-8.tolerance: 1) the quality of allowing other people to say and do as they like, even if you don'tagree or approve of it (followed by 4扮r)Examples: School teachers have to have a great deal of tolerance in order to deal with difficult children.I think tolerance between students is extremely necessary since they live and study together.2) the ability to bear sth. painful or unpleasant (followed by of/ for)Examples: Human beings have limited tolerance of noise.The patient had no tolerance for pan. Whenever he was injected he would cry.9.to a (very real, certain, etc.)extent: to the degree specifiedExamples: I agree with him to some extent but there are sti11some areas of sharp disagreement between us.To some extent the water pollution has affected local residents.To a certain extent the failure of the restaurant was due to bad management.10.The history of English is present in the first words a child learns about identity-··:The history ofEnglish is revealed in the first words a child learns about identity.11.necessity: 1) sth. you must have in order to live properly or do sth.Examples: Water is a basic necessity of life.A lot of people would consider a TV as more of a necessity than a luxury item.The workers’ wages were so low that they hardly had eno ugh money to buy the bare necessities of life.2)circumstances that force one to do st11.;the state of being necessary; the need for sth.(followed by off/ for)There is absolutely no necessity for you to be involved in the project.They reached m agreement on the necessity of educational reform12. rouse: provoke (a particular feeling or attitude)Examples: These educational toys give children a feeling of self-worth by arousing their interest in challenging tasks. The man's strange behavior aroused the policeman suspicions.13.surrender:give in (followed by ω)Examples: After several weeks of severe attacks, Afghanistan's Taliban forces surrendered to the Northern Alliance: After the bombs fell on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the Japanese surrendered.We’ll never surrender to terrorism despite the terrorist attacks.14.virtually: for the most part, almostExamples: It's virtually impossible to tell the imitation from the mal thing.It has been raining virtually non-stop for the past several days.15.invade:enter with armed forcesExamples: In July1937 the Japanese army invaded China.The Germans invaded Poland in 1939,1eading to the start of World War II.16.mystery:stI1·that people can't, or have not been able to understand or explainExamples: The politician's sudden death remains a mystery to us all.How Egyptian pyramids were built still remains a mystery.No one has ever been able to exp1出n the mystery of the Bermuda Triangle.17.resemble:be like or similar toExamples: I’d say he resembles his mother more than his father-,In his childhood, Stevie Wonder loved music and would pound spoons or forks on any surface that resembled a drum.18.systematic:done according to a systemExamples: Our professor not only imparts lq10Wledge to us, but also teaches us how to read books in a systematic way. The staff made a systematic check to make sure that no name had been omitted from the register.19.descend:come down (from a source),go down (followed by from)Examples: These ideas descend from those of the ancient philosophers.The Japanese are thought to be descended from tribes from the north of China.20.establish:1)cause to be, set upExamples: The school was established in 1905by an Italian professor.The bank helps people wanting to establish their business.2)place or settle sb /oneself in a position, an office, etc.(used in the pattern: establishsb/oneself as)Examples: They are rapidly establishing themselves as the market leaders.She established her fame as m actress.21.drin:move or go somewhere in a slow casua lwayExamples: Jimmy spent the year drifting around Europe.As rural factories shed labor, people drift towards the cities.The football match was over, and the crowds drifted away from the stadium.22.climate:(an area or a region with)a regular pattern of weather conditionsExamples: Brought up in the south of China, she wouldn't enjoy living in such a cold climate.Due to the greenhouse effect, changes in the earth's climate have taken place-23.pass (sth.)on to (sb.):hand or give (st11.)to (sb.)Examples: When you have finished reading the novel, please pass it on to Laura.The King passed on much of his fortune to the princess.24.addition:a person or thing added (followed by to)Examples: The baby is a welcome addition to the Smith family.The young professor will be a most valuable addition to our board.25.conquer:take possession and control of (a country, city,etc.)by force; defeatExamples: Afghanistan's Northern Alliance conquered Kabul a month ago.She has conquered the hearts of many men.The Spanish once conquered most of South America.26.royal:of a king or queen, or other members of their family, and things relating to themExamples; The newborn baby was welcomed not only by the Japanese royal family but by the country at large.The royal wedding drew large crowds from across the country.27.alternative:one of two or mom possibilities (followed by to)Examples: Check out the alternatives before deciding whether to go to a nearby college.What was the alternative to going home?28.modify:change slightlyExamples: The school authorities plan to modify the sc11001regulations.The computer programmers tried to modify the design of the software to make it suitable for commercial production.29.enrich: 1)make rich or richerExamples: That once poor coastal village has been enriched by the profits from tourism.The development of oil fields enriched many Arabian countries.2)improveExamples: It is important to enrich the soil prior to planting.Travel enriches people's lives.30.classic:awork of art recognized as having lasting valueExamples: Both Tom and Jones and Wuthering Heights are classics.His manual on botany has become a classic among scientists.31.source: a place from which /doc/d1*******.htmles or is obtainedExamples: Tourism, which is a major source of income for the city, has been seriously affected by the terrorist attacks. The source of the anthrax outbreak in the USA remained a mystery.32.out of control: no longer able to be controlledExamples: The f11·e was out of control by the time the second fire engine arrived.There was nothing they could do about it. The situation was out of control.33.fortunately: by good luckExamples: :Fortunately, my friend survived the car accident.Fortunately a life guard noticed that the woman was drowning and she was rescued.I had forgotten my key, but fortunately the door wasn't locked.34.put into practice:Examples: Having delayed several times, we must put this plan into practice now.They weren't allowed to put into practice in their dai1y lives the teachings they received.35.strike out: start being independent; start doing what on￠wants to do in lifeExample: After working for his father for about ten years, he decided to strike out on his own.。

Unit7新视野⼤学英语第⼆册Teaching Plan for Unit 7(In New Horizon College English Book 2)I. Time:10 class hoursII. Contents:Listening and SpeakingSection A: Lighten Your Load and Save Your LifeSection B: Are You a Workaholic?III. Suggested Timetable:1.The first two-class-hour session for listening and speaking (Unit 7 in College English Listening and Speaking Course Book 2 ).2.Next four-class-hour session for Section A3.The fourth two-class-hour session for exercise of Section A4.The fifth two-class-hour session for Section B and Section CIV. Aims and Requirements:Listening and Speaking:1.Train the students’ability to understand the main idea and grasp important details of the listening texts.2. Give the students a chance to exchange views on the texts they have heard to enable them to have a deeper understanding of the texts.Section A : Lighten Your Load and Save Your Life1. Help students understand how to get rid of stress in their life.2. Understand the structure of the text and the devices for developing it.3. Grasp some keys words, phrases and some useful sentence patterns.Section B: Are You a Workaholic?1.Reading skill: Finding Out Word Meanings2.Sentence patterns & Language pointsV. Focal Points and Difficult Points:Listening and Speaking:1.Enable students to be familiar with the passage listening skill2.Grasp some words and expressions which often appear in CET-4Section A : Lighten Your Load and Save Your Life1. Organizing the composition according to problem—analysis—solution.2. Key words, phrases and some useful sentence patterns3. The principle of end-weight in the sentenceSection B: Are You a Workaholic?Practice reading skills: Finding out the meaning of an unfamiliar word from clues provided by context.VI. Suggested Teaching Procedure and Methodology:Listening and Speaking: ( an interactive approach is introduced)1. Pre-listening Task:arrange the students in pairs and ask them to discuss the followingquestions:①Which is most important to you in deciding what to by, brand name, quality, or price? Why?②Do you spend much money on fashion?③What kind of cloths do you like to wear?2. Background informationFashion, in most cases, refers to the styles of clothing, hairstyles, etc. that are popular at a particular time. Fashion changes quickly. For example, mimi-skirts were all the fashion in the 1960s. Many people, especially women and the young, like to follow the fashion, which is usually set by famous film stars, pop singers, models. People’s attitude towards fashion differs from one to another. Some people think changing fashion is nothing but a waste of time and money. Others think it can make the world more colorful and beautiful. Well-designed clothes can make one feel good and can reflect one’s personality.3.Listening to text 1 and 24.Speaking Tasks: ask the students to get into pairs and explain to them how to carry outSpeaking Task A- Reflections on the texts, then select a pair to present their views in class.Section A: Lighten Y our and Load Save Your Life1. Background information①Dr. Robert S. Eliot, the author of the book②The University of Nebraska: The university has four campuses. Its main campus is located inLincoln, where colleges of arts and sciences, agriculture, education, architecture, engineering, and technology, business administration, home economics, journalism, and law are housed. ③Benjamin Franklin, a famous American of the 1700’s best known for experiments withelectricity and nature, using kites.2. Pre-reading ActivitiesListen to short passage twice and answer questions①What causes stress?②What are the NICE factors? Why are they important?③How do we follow Ben Franklin’s example?听⼒原⽂：Stress can kill you. Being tense can damage your heart so it is wise to take charge of your life and realize you cannot control everything. But you can control stress which is caused by fear, uncertainty, doubt and lack of control. Anger may be the root of this stress, especially for hardworking professional women and people with no goals in life. To relax and take control, try the NICE factors: new, interesting, challenging experiences. And follow Ben Franklin’s example by writing down the major goals you want to achieve in your life. For the problems over which you have no control, you have to go with the flow. Answers:①What causes stress?Reference key: Fear, uncertainty, doubt and lack of control②What are the NICE factors? Why are they important?Reference key: New, interesting, challenging experiences are NICE factors./ To relax and take control.③How do we follow Ben Franklin’s example?Reference key: Writing down the major goals you want to achieve in your life.3.Work on Section AA)Structure of the Text ( a method of analyzing the text structure is employed)Part I (Paras.1-7) The relation between stress and health discovered by Dr. Robert S. Eliot.Part II (Paras. 8-11): The roots of stress.Part III (Paras. 12-20): The ways of lightening the load.B) Raise some questions to make students grasp some detailed information in the text(question and answer method is used)Part I (Paras.1-7):Questions:- According to Dr. Robert S. Eliot, what should you do if you don’t want to break your heart?- For those who are called “hot reactors”, what may be the result of being tense?- What main factors, according to Eliot, cause harmful levels of stress?Answers: -You should learn to take charge of your lives and recognize there are many things beyond your control. (Para. 2) -Being tense may cause tremendous and rapid increases in their blood pressure. (Para.4)-Fear, uncertainty and doubt, together with the lack of control. (Para.7)Part II (Paras. 8-11): The roots of stress.Question: -What kinds of people does the author mention to illustrate “the root of their stress is anger”?Answer: -One kind is professional women, the other kind is people who have no “compass in life”. . (Para.9)Part III (Paras. 12-20): The ways of lightening the load.Questions: -What new factors does Eliot recommend in order to calm yourselves down?-What does the example of Ben Franklin show?-From Eliot’s viewpoint, how do we face all the problems and difficulties in our dailylivesAnswers:-The NICE factors–new, interesting, challenging experiences. . (Para.13)-The example shows that you can’t fulfill all your great ambitions, so you have to set your priorities. . (Para.15-18)-We can’t complain or escape. We have to learn how to deal with them. . (Paras.19-20) 4. Language PointsPart I (Paras.1-7)①If you often feel angry and overwhelmed, like the stress in your life is spinning out of control, (Para 1)overwhelm v1.cover (sth./sb.) completely or cause to feel a sudden strong feeling使不知所措, (感情上) 使（某⼈）受不了They were overwhelmed by sadness when their baby died.婴⼉死时他们悲痛欲绝。

Book 2 Unit 7 Does money talk?II. Listening Skills1. W: How much money is the rent for an apartment in this neighborhood? I only have $500 a month.M: Your rent should be about a quarter of that.Q: How much should be the woman’s rent be?2. M: I paid $3,500 for this digital camera. It was on sale at a 30% discount.W: It’s a real bargain.Q: How much did the camera cost originally?3. M: What’s the rate for an economy car?W: The daily rate is $32, unlimited mileage.Q: How much will the man pay if he rents the car for a week?4. M: I’ll take these sweaters. How much do they cost?W: They are $180 each and four makes a total of $720. But today we are offering a 20% discount.Q: How much does the man have to pay?5. W: What an old car you’ve got!M: Well, it had run 12,000 miles when I bought it second hand. And it’s covered 3,080 miles since then. Q: How many miles has the car run?III. Listening InTask 1: It’s time to buy.Mike: Hey, Robert, where are you off to?Robert: I’m going to talk to a banker about a loan.Mike: You are short of money? I thought you were the saving type.Robert: There’s a time to save and a time to spend.Mike: I know all about spending. What’s the loan for? I have a few bucks I could…Robert: I’m considering getting a mortgage to buy some property.Mike: Do you think property is a good investment? I mean, it’s a lot of money.Robert:Well, Mike, as you know, property values have been going through the roof. If I had bought an apartment two years ago, its value would have gone up by 30 percent today.Mike: And from what I know, interest rates are low now.Robert: Exactly. Sounds like a good time to buy.Task 2: Can I have my change please?Tom was down on his luck and felt he needed a few drinks. Hw went to a bar and had several drinks. When he was done, he stood up and walked toward the door. The barman shouted after him, “Hey mister, are you going to pay for those drinks?”Tom turned around and replied, “I have already paid you,” and then walked out of the bar. Almost immediately he saw one of his friends Richard and told him about the barman, “Just go in there and drink all you want, then get up and leave. When the barman asks you to pay the bill, just tell him you have already paid.”This sounded easy enough, so Richard went in and has several drinks. The barman went to him and said, “Before you came in, another man was here. When I asked him to pay his bill, he told me he’d paid, but I don’t remember him paying me.”Richard said, “I would love to stay and hear your story, but I don’t have time. Can I havemy change please?”Task 3: Can money buy happiness?W: The professor asked us an age-old question "Can money really buy happiness?" I think many people dream of buying a bigger house, designer clothes and a luxury car. Obviously, the answer is yes.M: I disagree. The Bible says the love of money is the root of all evil, so money can't buy you happiness. W: Look, we spend so much time in our lives trying to make money. We must believe it's going to bring us happiness.M: Most people don't marry for money; most people don't pursue careers simply for money. For example, there are a lot of teachers who won't trade their job for a sales position to make more. So we vote with our feet. W: But just look at those people out there, with yachts, planes, big houses... They have all the toys, and they do look happy. I think we want those things too.M: A recent survey tells us about the jobs that make people the happiest. They aren't the jobs that pay the most but those like teachers, social workers, firefighters... not necessarily highly-paid jobs.W: As far as I know, quite a number of people who went from rags to riches say they have finally found happiness.M: Now, listen, what about health? Can you buy good health with money? Also, having good relationships with other people, having a lot of close friends, having a good marriage—these are the things that can't be bought by money.W: Talking about health, I must point out money CAN help you keep healthy. Money can give you access to good health care.M: Well, if we can't convince each other, let's agree to disagree.IV. Speaking OutModel 1 I want to blow it all.John: Hey, Se-Jin, do you want to come shopping with me? My dad just gave me my monthly allowance and I want to blow it all.Se-Jin:That sounds just like you, John! What do you want to buy?John:I don’t know…Some music CDs, maybe.Se-Jin: If you spend all that money on things you don’t even know if you want, you won’t have any money left when you need it.John:But if I just save my money, that doesn’t s sound like much fun either. Besides, I need some new CDs. Se-Jin: You also need a financial advisor!Model 2 Can money buy everything?Peter: I’m trying to think of ways to become rich. If I could get my hands on a lot of money, I’ll be really happy.Jane: Do you really think so? I’m not so sure.Peter: Of course, why wouldn’t I? I’d be able to have anything I want.Jane: Well, there are plenty of people who have a lot of money but aren’t happy. What do you say to that? Peter: But if I became a millionaire, I’d buy whatever I wanted.Jane: Can you buy true love? Can you buy the moon?Peter: Maybe not, but I can buy a house with a lot of modern conveniences.Jane: So many people think like you do, buy look at all the divorces, suicides and murders among wealthy people. How do you explain that?Peter: Maybe there’s something in what you said.Model 3 I wonder if you could give me a loan.John: Hey, Se-Jin, I was just on my way to find you.Se-Jin: What’s up, John?John:Se-Jin, I’m kind of broke, and you usually have a bundle tucked away. I wonder if you could give mea loan.Se-Jin: Dream on! I’m hard up myself.John:You see, I want to buy some new stereo equipment, and I’m just about a hundred short.Se-Jin: Why not save up for it?John:The stores have all stuff on a huge sales promotion right now. I could save at least 30 percent!S-Jin: John, I’d lend you money if you were in a jam. But a new stereo isn’t an emergency.John: Then I’m afraid I have to find someone who is more easy-going.V. Let’s TalkStory of a MiserThere was a miser who loved money more than anything else. Just before he died, he said to his wife, “Now, listen. When I die, I want you to take all my money and put it in the casket with me. I want to take my money to the afterlife with me.”He made her promise with all her heart that when he dies, she would pit all the money in the casket with him. Then he died. He was laid in the casket, his wife was sitting there wearing black, and her friend was sitting next to her.When they finished the ceremony, just before the undertakers got already to close the casket, the wife said, “Wait a minute!” She had a box with her. She came over with the box and put it in the casket.Then the undertakers locked the casket down, and they rolled it away. He friend said, “Girl, I know you weren’t fool enough to put all that money in there with your husband!”She said, “Listen, I’m a Christian. I can’t go back on my word. I promise him that I would put all the money in the casket with him.”“You mean you really put that money in the casket with him!?”“I surely did,” said the wife. “I wrote him a check.”VI. Furthering Listening and SpeakingTask 1: Giving Money to a BeggarSusan: Hey, Robert, you gave that beggar some of your hard-earned cash?Robert: I know. He looked as if he needed help.Susan: Buy you’re always so careful with your money.Robert: Yeah, I guess so, but I like to help when someone’s in need.Susan: I just wonder why the guy doesn’t get a job and make his own living.Robert: It’s just not that simple, Susan. Some people have a hard time of it in life.Susan: Maybe they waste all their money. If you give them money, they will just go on wasting it.Robert: Life has been good to me, Susan, and I’d like to share some of my luck.Task 2: An Introduction to Credit CardsCredit cards are plastic cards issued by a bank or other financial institutions allowing the holder to buy goods and service without using cash. Many American don’t like to carry much cash. For them the cards are convenient and safe to use.Credit cards are gaining popularity, even for buying small items. They are accepted almost everywhere, though not at fast food restaurants.Credit cards allow you to purchase things that you may not currently have the money to buy. When you use a credit card, the credit card company that issued the credit card pays the store. Later, a bill will be mailed to you by your credit card company for the amount you purchased. At that time, you can either pay the bill in full, or only pay a minimum amount, and wait till later to finish paying. If you wait till later, you will owe the credit card company interest.Task 3: Buying a MachineAn American manufacturer is showing his machine factory to a potential customer. At noon, when the lunch bell rings, two thousand men and women immediately stop working and leave the building.“Your workers, they’re escaping!” cries the visitor. “You’ve got to stop them.”“Don’t worry, they’ll be back,” says the American. And indeed, an exactly one 0’clock the bell rings again, and all the workers return from their break.When the tour is over, the manufacturer turn s to his guest and says, “Well, now, which of these machines would you like to order?”“Forget the machines,” says the visitor. “How much do you want for that bell?”SpeakingCan you change a twenty-dollar bill?Cashier: How can I help you, Miss?Jill: Could you change a 20 for me?Cashier: Sure. How do you want it?Jill: Could I have two 5’s, but not enough 1’s. Are quarters all right with you?Cashier: Well, I have some 5’s, but not enough 1’s. Are quarters all right with you?Jill: Oh, that’s even better! In that case, I won’t have to worry about the small change for the laundry. Cashier: Here you are!Jill: Thanks a million!。

大学英语综合教程二unit7LearningaboutEnglishUNIT 7 Learning about EnglishI. Key words & phrasesaddition predictarouse professionalaspect resembleauthority royalban shiftclassic sourceclimate statusconquer substantialcrude surrenderdescend systematicdominate tolerancedrift trendeconomic uniqueestablish virtuallyexceed in translationfascinating out of controlfortunately pass (sth) on to (sb.)genuine put into practiceindependent rid oneself ofintegrate strictly speakinginvade strike outinvent to name a fewmassive to a (very real, certain, etc.) extent modify contribute tomystery give way toAdditional Vocabularysnack bar 快餐店hit parade 流行唱片目录happy tolerance 乐意包容的精神global language 国际语言to arouse one?s emotions激发情感direct to the heart 拨人心弦的parent language 母语the common people 平民the European Renaissance 欧洲文艺复兴运动to pour onto the printed page 纷纷印成书册deeply rooted 根深蒂固的special preserve 特殊的领地language police 语言卫道士intellectual elite 知识精英the tongue of the common people 人民的语言emerge influence 深受影响”crude language 粗俗的语言 .alert the international scientific community to the new discoveries 将新发现通报国际科学界conduct business 做生意the information revolution 信息革命information processing 信息处理a unity of grammar 统一的语法core vocabulary 核心词汇achieve world status 取得国际地位There is no reason to believe that…没有理由相信a language shift 改换语言Ⅱ. Vocabulary & Structure1. The ______ media plays an important role in public life.A. messB. missC. massD. means2. The United Nations declared a ______ on any kinds of interference to country?s internal affairs.A. banB. blockC. barD. prohibition3. Can't you _____ a better excuse for being late again?A. createB. designC. deviseD. invent4. The sufferings of the homeless children _____ our pity.A. arousedB. causedC. roseD. raised5. _____ interest is the key element when we learn English.A. FaithfullyB. NearlyC. VirtuallyD. Almost6. The noises made by the naughty boys _____ the calm of the summer afternoon.A. assaultedB. attackedC. struckD. invaded7. This Asian country is densely_____.A. inhabitedB. livedC. residedD. dwelled8. Before you can start a business, you will have to raise the necessary______.A. investmentB. incomeC. savingsD. capital9. The English-speaking people's love for freedom _____ their attitude towards the changes oftheir language.A. effectedB. imaginedC. influencedD. impacted10. The whole medical community has made tremendous efforts to _____SARS.A. conquerB. defeatC. overcomeD. triumph11. Facing invasion to our country, we have no _____ but to defend her with our life.A. optionB. alternativeC. opinionD. way12. People are the real _____ of wisdom.A. resourceB. sourceC. originD. sauce13. This theory aroused heated debates in the _____ circle.A. universalB. classicC. academicD. additional14. It?s the duty of the police to_____ public order.A. conserveB. reserveC. obtainD. preserve15. Author Edith Wharton thoroughly understood the society_____A. she had grown upB. she had grown up in itC. that had she grown upD. in which she had grown up16. The scholar has made another breakthrough in his field, _____of great importance to theprogress of science and technology.A. I think which isB. which I think it isC. which I think isD. about which I think it is17. Not only _____be interesting to us, but also its English will help us in composition.A. the novel willB. will the novelC. is the novelD. the novel is18. Television has become a major instrument of communication, _____us to see as well as tohear all kinds of programs.A. to permitB. permittedC, being permitting D. permitting19. The decision _____, what is to be done now is how to carry it out.A. been madeB. has been madeC. having been madeD. having been making20. It is necessary that a university student _____at least one foreign language.A. learnsB. learnC. must learnD. learned21. Against the wall on the opposite side_____.A. there stand two cupboardsB. two cupboards stand thereC. there two cupboards standD. stand two cupboards22. Without your encouragement and support, we_____.A. should not succeededB. would not succeedC. would have succeededD. would not have succeeded23. He was stripped of his _____as a party member.A. statueB. statusC. determinationD. significance24. We managed to reach the top of the mountain, and half an hour later we began to_____.A. ascendB. descendC. declineD. significance25. Some fish have a greater _____for acid water than others.A. toleranceB. resistanceC. dependenceD. persistence26. New difficulties _____when old ones were overcome.A. arousedB. aroseC. raisedD. rose27. American Indians were the original _____in American continent.A. residentsB. lodgersC. inhabitantsD. settlers28. As the drug took _____ the patient become quieter.A. forceB. influenceC. effectD. action29. Everyone is asked to _____suggestions for the party.A. contributeB. attributeC. attend ID. devote30. The candidates constantly _____their position on that issue.A. alterB. varyC. transferD. shiftⅢ. CET 4 Vocabulary1. After the robbery，the shop installed a sophisticated alarm system as an insurance _____furtherlosses.A. forB. fromC. againstD. towards2. _____the earth to be flat，many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge of the earth.A. Having believedB. BelievingC. BelievedD. Being believed3. A healthy life is frequently thought to be _____with the open countrysideand homegrown food.A. tiedB. boundC. involvedD. associated4. Sir Denis，who is 78，has made it known that much of his collection _____to the nation.A. has leftB. is to leaveC.1eavesD. is to be left5. Before the first non-stop flight made in 1949，it _____necessary for all planes to land forre-fueling.A. would beB. has beenC. had beenD. would have been6. In Britain today women——44％of the workforce，and nearly half the mothers with children are in paid work.A. build upB. stand forC. make upD. conform to7. _____might be expected，the response to the question was very mixed.A. AsB. ThatC. ItD. What8. If I correct someone, I will do it with as much good humor and self-restraint as if I were the one______.A. to correctB. correctingC. having correctedD. being corrected9. Features such as height, weight, and skin color _____from individual to individual and from face to face.A. changeB. varyC. alterD. convert10. I make notes in the back of my diary _____thing to be mended or replaced.A. byB. inC. withD. of11. The room is in a terrible mess; it _____cleaned.A. can't have been C. mustn't have beenB. shouldn't have been D. wouldn't have been12. A well-written composition _____good choice of words and clear organization among otherthings.A. calls onB. calls forC. calls upD. calls off13. The traditional approach________ with complex problems is to break them down into smaller,more easily managed problems.A. to dealingB. in dealingC. dealingD. to deal14. It has been revealed that some government leaders _____their authorityand position to get illegal profits for themselves.A. employB. takeC. abuseD. overlook15. We were struck by the extent _____which teachers' decisions served the interests of the schoolrather than those of the students.A. toB. forC. inD. with16. Shelly had prepared carefully for her biology examination so that she could be sure of passingit on her first_____.A. intentionB. attemptC. purposeD. desire17. The ancient Egyptians are supposed _____rockets to the moon.A. to sendB. to be sendingC. to have sentD. to have been sending18. The store had to _____a number of clerks because sales were down.A. lay outB. lay offC. lay asideD. lay down19. All the students in this class passed the English exam _____the exception of Li Ming.A. onB. inC. forD. with20. Young adults _____older people are more likely to prefer pop songs.A. other thanB. more thanC. less thanD. rather than21. Writing is a slow process, requiring _____thought, time, and effort.A. significantB. considerableC. enormousD. numerous22. _____right now, she would get there on Sunday.A. Would she leave C. Were she to leaveB. If she leaves D. If she had left23. I t?s already 5 o'clock now. Don't you think it's abouttime_____?A. we are going homeB. we go homeC. we went homeD. we can go home24. Lightning is a _____of electrical current from a cloud to the ground or from one cloud toanother.A. rushB. rainbowC. rackD. ribbon25. Today, _____major new products without conducting elaborate market research.A. corporations hardly introduce everB. corporations hardly ever introduceC. hardly corporations introduce everD. hardly corporations ever introduce26. I've already told you that I'm going to buy it, _____.A. however much it costsB. however does it costs muchC. how much does it costD. no matter how it costs27. New York _____second in the production of apples, producing 850,000,000 pounds this year.A. rankedB. occupiedC. arrangedD. classified28. Melted iron is poured into the mixer much _____ tea ispoured into a cup from a teapot.A. in the same way likeB. in the same way whichC. in the same wayD. in the same way as29. By success I don't mean _____usually thought of when that word is used.A. what isB. that weC. as youD. all is30. I caught a _____of the taxi before it disappeared around the comer of the street.A. visionB. glimpseC. lookD. scene31. Their products are frequently overpriced and _____in quality. (2002.6)A. influentialB. inferiorC. superiorD. subordinate32. Our hopes _____and fell in the same instant. (2001.6)A. amusedB. aroseC. raised D, rose33. Many people favor ____ more nuclear power plants.A. buildingB. buildC. builtD. to build34. Last year the advertising rate _____by 20 percent. (1997.1)A. raisedB. arousedC. aroseD. rose35. Some old people don't like pop songs because they can't _____so much noise. (1997.1)A. resistB. sustainC. tolerateD. undergo36. From her conversation I ____________ that she had a large family.A. estimatedB. guessedC. includedD. predicted37. His use of color, light and form quickly departed from the conventional style of hisas he developed own technique. (2001.6)A. ancestorsB. descendantsC. successorsD. predecessors38. Among all the changes resulting from the _____entry of women into the work force, thetransformation that has occurred in the women themselves is not the least important. (2000.6)A. massiveB. quantitativeC. surplusD. formidable39. Certain species disappeared or became _____as new forms arose that were better adapted tothe Earth's changing environment. (1999.6)A. feebleB. extinctC. massiveD. extinguished40. “What shall we do if it rains?”“Well, in that ________ we shall have to change our plans.”A. caseB. respectC. chanceD. point41. When he tried to make a _____, she found that the hotel was completely filled because of aconvention. (1998.6)A. reservationB. claimC. messD. revision42. The police have __________ the road where a bomb was found. So there is no traffic there atthe moment.A. protectedB. blockedC. stoppedD. occupied43. Think she hurt my feelings _____rather than by accident as she claimed. (1997.1)A. virtuallyB. deliberatelyC. literallyD. appropriately44. Parents have a legal _____to ensure that their children are provided with efficient educationsuitable to their age. (1997.6)A. impulseB. lessenedC. obligationD. sympathy45. Last year, the crime rate in Chicago has sharply_____. (1997.6)A. declinedB. lessenedC. descendedD. slipped46. We' d like to _____a table for five for dinner this evening.A. preserveB. reserveC. retainD. sustain47. The older New England villages have changed relatively little _____a gas station or two inrecent decades.A. exceptB. besidesC. in addition toD. except for48. Everything we eat and drink contains some salt; we can meet the body's need for it fromnatural sources without turning _____the salt bottle.A. upB. toC. onD. over49. Cultural _____indicates that human beings hand their languages down from one generation toanother.A. translationB. transitionC. transmissionD. transaction50.Medical research has shown that the widespread use of cigarettes contributes _____the increase of cancers. (1994.01.CET)A. towardsB. forC. withD. toⅣ.Reading Comprehension(1)Man finds living together with his own species (物种) difficult enough and living together with other species almost impossible. Our usual solution is to kill off anything that gets in our way. Even on those rare occasions when we do enter into a relationship with another species, it is heavily biased (带偏向的) in our favor. The other species benefits only when it suits our own interests. Ourattempts to communicate with another species are concerned mainly with giving orders in our own language and having them obeyed. Probably our best attempt has been the whistle language that is used in the shepherd-sheepdog relationship. This is a system that is natural to neither species, but one that both can understand. Its only fault lies in the fact that the bias is still there ―the dog cannot whistle for the man.But now comes news of a research that promises, for the first time, to open up two-way communication between man and another species.At the University of Nevada in the western United States, animated (活跃的) conversations are being held with a young female chimpanzee (黑猩猩) called Washoe. Allen and Beatrice Gardner have succeeded in doing this because they have used an entirely new approach, an approach based on the natural abilities of the chimpanzee. Past attempts to communicate with chimpanzees have failed because the researchers tried to make their animals use a vocal language.1. According to the writer, when man finds it impossible to live together with other species, he usually_____.A. tries to communicate with themB. tries to teach them a languageC. sets up a relationship with themD. wipes them out2. According to the writer, we communicate with animals in an attempt to_____.A. set up a relationship with them C. get along well with themB. make them do what we want D. teach them a language3. The writer implies that the shepherd-sheepdog whistle language is still biased becauseA. it can only be used to give orders_____.B. it is not natural for both shepherd and sheepdogC. it is a one-way communication approachD. it can only be used between man and a dog4. Allen and Beatrice Gardner managed to communicate with the chimpanzee by _____.A. training the chimpanzee to learn human language in an entirely new methodB. creating a language both man and the chimpanzee were able to useC. using animal's vocal language which the chimpanzee was able to understandD. learning the chimpanzee's language with a new approach5. It can be inferred from the passage that _____.A. in the future the chimpanzee can learn language like human beingsB. in the past researchers taught a chimpanzee words of our natural languageC. man and animals can get along well if they can communicate with each otherD. the chimpanzee can communicate well with us human beings(2)Rumor is the most primitive way of spreading stories －by passing them on from mouth to mouth. But civilized countries in normal times have newspapers. In times of stress and confusion, however, rumor emerges and becomes widespread. At such times the different kinds of news are in competition: the press, television, and radio against the rumor.Especially do rumors spread when war requires keepingsecret on many important matters. The usual news sources no longer give out enough information. Since the people cannot learn through lawful channels all that they are anxious to learn, they pick up news whenever they can and when this happens, rumor develops.Rumors are often repeated even by those who do not believe the tales. There is a fascination about them. The reason is that the clearly designed rumor gives expression to something deep in the hearts of the victims -- the fears, suspicions, forbidden hopes, or daydreams which they hesitate to voice directly. Pessimistic rumors about defeat and disasters show that the people who repeat them are worried and anxious. Optimistic rumors about record production or peace soon coming point to complacency ( 满足) or confidence －and often to overconfidence.6. Rumor usually appears and spreads_____.A. in primitive societiesB. in civilized countriesC. when people are worried and anxiousD. when people can't get enough information7. According to the passage, people who repeat a rumor as truth want to do so because_____.A. they are easily deceivedB. they are pessimistic or optimistic by natureC. it reflects their own unexpressed beliefD. they have a strong desire to impress other people8. The author states that during wartime, the regular sources of news present only_____.A. optimistic reports C. false informationB. pessimistic reports D. limited information9. The author suggests that, in time of stress, man frequently_____.A. goes back to primitive techniques C. become more closemouthedB. loses complete control of himself D. stops regular news services10. The passage is mainly about _____.A. the origin of rumor C. the reality of rumorB. the spread of rumor D. the medium of rumor(3)In s cience the meaning of the word …explain? suffers with civilization's every step in search of reality. Science cannot really explain electricity, magnetism and gravitation; their effects can be measured and predicted, but of their nature no more is known to the modern scientists than to Thales who first speculated (思索) on the electrification of amber (琥珀). Most contemporary physicists reject the notion that man can ever discover what these mysterious forces …really? are. …Electricity?, Bertrand Russell says, is not a thing, like St. Paul's Cathedral; it is a way in which things behave. When we have told how things behave when they are electrified, and under what circumstances they are electrified, we have told all there is to tell. ' Until recently scientists would have disapproved of such an idea. Aristotle, for example, whose natural science dominated Western thought for two thousand years, believed that man could arrive at an understanding of reality by reasoning from self-evident principles. He felt, for example, that it is a self-evident principle that everything in the universe has its proper place, hence one can deduce that objects fall to the ground because that's where they belong, and smoke goes up because that's where it belongs. The goal of Aristotelian science was to explain why things happen. Modem science wasborn when Galileo began trying to explain how things happen and thus originated the method of controlled experiment which now forms the basis of scientific investigation.11. The aim of controlled scientific experiments is _____.A. to explain why things happen C. to describe self-evident principlesB. to explain how things happen D. to support Aristotelian science12. What theory most influenced Western scientific thought for a very long time?A. The speculations of Thales.B. The forces of electricity, magnetism, and gravity.C. Aristotle's natural science.D. Galileo's discoveries.13. Bertrand Russell's notion about electricity is _____.A. disapproved of by most modem scientistsB. in agreement with Aristotle's theory of self-evident principlesC. in agreement with scientific investigation directed toward how things happenD. in agreement with scientific investigation directed toward why things happen14. The passage says that until recently scientists disagreed with the idea_____.A. that there are mysterious forces in the universeB. that man cannot discover what forces really areC. that there are self-evident principlesD. that we can discover why things behave as they do15. The goal of Aristotelian science was toA. explain how things happenB. deduce why objects fall to the groundC. explain why things take placeD. discover what these mysterious forces really are(4)Once it was considered good to keep the car engine idle a minute or two following cold starts Today, with modern technology, the opposite is true. An engine operating under road conditions will warm up faster and run more efficiently than the one that is idling. Idling just burns gas (on average, about a gallon an hour).When you have a full tank of gas, park the car facing downhill is possible; this will prevent any gas from coming out of the tank. Parking in areas of less or no sunlight helps prevent the gas from steaming that would occur if you parked in the hot sun. Your car will stay cooler, too, and that means less gas consuming work for the air conditioner once the engine is started.Stay away from wide-track tiers if you want top mileage. Narrow-track tires produce less friction and thus rolling resistance. The same effect is achieved by adding three to five pounds above recommended pressure to each tire, while this won?t noticeably affect your car?s sliding quality, it will increase tire fife and gas mileage.Check tire pressure often, especially when the weather turns cold. The difference between winter and summer tire pressure can be as much as eight pounds. This could cost you two miles per gallon.1. The main purpose of the passage is _____.A. to tell us how expert drivers try to save gasB. to tell us how to drive a car properlyC. to tell us how to make a car run smoothlyD. to tell us how to make your car consume less gas2. According to the passage, keeping the engine run idly _____.A: will just waste gas C. will make it work more efficientlyB. will warm it up more quickly D. is necessary in cold weather3. Parking your car in a cool place _____.A. will take it longer to warm up the engineB. means less gas consumption for the air conditionerC. prevent any gas from coming out of the tankD. helps start your ear more easily4. Wide-track tires _____.A. won't noticeably affect your car's sliding qualityB. can increase tire lifeC. will increase rolling resistanceD. helps attain top gas mileage5. Tire pressure changes _____.A. when wide-track tires are usedB. when narrow-track tires are usedC. in different weather conditionsD. in different road conditionsⅤ.Translation1.记住好心情、有规律锻炼和恰当饮食对身体有好处。

新编大学英语2第7课教参Unit SevenCulture准备活动(Preparation) 第一部分准备活动热身训练（一、热身训练（Warm-up Exercises）） 1）告辞常用句型与表达方式 I think I’d better b going now. I’ve got to get up early tomorrow. I think I ought to be going now. My baby sitter must leave at 11:00.I think I must be going now. I mustn’t hold you any longer. 我想我必须走了，不能再耽误你的时间了。

Actually, we’ll have to be thinking of going.我们真的该准备走了。

I’m afraid we’ll have to go.2）告别时道谢的常用句型与表达方式Thank you for a lovely afternoon. Thank you. I’ve enjoy this beautiful evening. I really enjoyed it.我这一天过得真快乐。

Thank you for the picnic. It was super. Thanks again. It really was very kind of you to invite us. Thank you for all you’ve done for me. That was a delicious meal / a great day, thank you very much.2）告别时回复道谢的常用句型与表达方式Not at all. It was a pleasure. I’m glad you liked it. We’re glad you’ve been happy here. Do come again. That was a lo vely day out. I’m glad you enjoyed it. 不客气，这样我们很高兴。

【第七单元·Text A 参考译文】敞开的窗门萨基“我的姑妈马上就下楼来，纳特先生，”一位神态自若的十五岁姑娘说，“她没下来以前只得请你包涵，由我来作陪了。

”弗莱姆顿·纳特想着要说点什么恰如其分的话，既要得当地奉承眼前的侄女小姐，又不可不当地轻慢了即将露面的姑妈。

他暗下自忖，这种拜访一大串陌生人的办法对于治疗他的神经紧张症究竟有什么好处，他愈加感到怀疑了。

“我清楚你到了那儿以后的情况，”他准备到乡间来静居疗养时，他的姐姐说，“与世隔绝，跟什么人也不打交道，那样一个人闷着，神经更受不了。

我给那儿的熟人写几封信，介绍你去见见他们，互相认识一下。

我记得有些人还是挺不错的。

”弗莱姆顿不知道他带介绍信来拜见的这位塞勃顿太太是不是归属“挺不错的”一类。

“你认识这一带很多人吗？”他们主客相对默然良久，侄女小姐认为已进行了足够的无声交流后便开口问道。

“谁也不认识，”弗莱姆顿说。

“我姐姐大概是四年前在这儿，这个教区里，你知道，住过一阵。

她为我给这儿一些人家写了介绍信。

”他说最后这句话时，显然是带着颇感遗憾的语气。

“那么你对我姑妈的情况一点儿也不知道了？”这位神态自若的姑娘又追问了一句。

“只知道她的姓名和地址，”客人承认道。

他连塞勃顿太太是不是孀居都一无所知。

不过，这屋里有种说不出的味道似乎表明家里有男人。

“三年前，她在这里遭遇一场大悲剧，”这孩子说。

“那该是你姐姐离开此地以后发生的。

”“她的悲剧？”弗莱姆顿问道。

在这安宁平静的乡间，悲剧似乎不可思议。

“你也许会奇怪为什么在十月份下午这时候我们还让这窗门敞开着吧？”侄女儿指着通往草地的法国式落地长窗说。

“就这季节来说，天气还很暖和，”弗莱姆顿说，“不过这窗跟那悲剧有什么关系吗？”“三年前的今天，她丈夫和她两个年轻兄弟穿过这扇门窗出去打猎，从此再也没有回来。

经过沼泽地到他们喜欢射猎松鸡的地方时，他们三个人都陷进了危险的泥沼里。

那年夏天，特别潮湿多雨，你知道，平常年份安全的地方突然就塌陷了。

大学英语教材2七单元翻译大学英语教材2 Unit 7 TranslationTranslation is a crucial component in the learning process of a foreign language. It plays a significant role in helping students understand, interpret, and express ideas accurately and fluently. In Unit 7 of the university English textbook, the focus is on translation skills and strategies, aiming to improve students' ability to translate between English and their native language. This unit provides insights into the techniques and challenges involved in translation, as well as practical exercises to enhance translation proficiency.1. Introduction to TranslationTranslation is the process of converting written or spoken language from one language to another while maintaining the meaning, style, and tone of the original text. It requires strong linguistic competence, cultural awareness, and critical thinking. Students are introduced to the importance of translation in bridging the gap between different languages and cultures.2. Translation TechniquesThere are various techniques that can be employed to ensure accurate and effective translation. Some commonly used techniques are:a) Literal Translation: This technique focuses on translating word-for-word, maintaining the exact structure and grammar of the original text. It is suitable for technical or scientific materials where precision is crucial.b) Free Translation: Unlike literal translation, free translation emphasizes conveying the meaning and essence of the original text, even ifit means paraphrasing or using different structures. It is often used in literary or creative translations.c) Cultural Equivalence: This technique takes into consideration cultural nuances and context, ensuring the translated text is culturally appropriate and understandable to the target audience.3. Challenges in TranslationTranslation is not without its difficulties. Some challenges that students may encounter include:a) Idiomatic Expressions: These expressions cannot be translated word-for-word and require understanding of their cultural and linguistic context to convey their intended meaning accurately.b) Ambiguity: Ambiguous phrases or words can pose challenges, as they can have multiple meanings. It is essential to consider the surrounding context to determine the correct interpretation.c) Cultural Specificity: Translating cultural references, jokes, or idioms can be challenging as students need to find equivalent expressions in the target language or adapt them to be culturally appropriate.4. Translation ExercisesTo strengthen translation skills, the unit provides a variety of exercises that cover different topics, genres, and difficulty levels. These exercises allow students to practice translating both from English to their native language and vice versa. By translating texts from different contexts,students gain exposure to various vocabulary, grammar structures, and cultural aspects.5. Strategies for Effective TranslationTo ensure accurate and fluent translation, students are introduced to several strategies, including:a) Pre-Reading: This strategy involves previewing the text, identifying key vocabulary, and understanding the overall context before starting the translation process.b) Chunking: Dividing the text into smaller chunks helps students focus on one section at a time, ensuring accuracy and consistency throughout the translation.c) Proofreading and Editing: Reviewing the translated text for errors, omissions, or inconsistencies is crucial. Students are encouraged to revise their translations and make necessary corrections.In conclusion, Unit 7 of the university English textbook provides comprehensive guidance on translation skills and strategies. By understanding and practicing translation techniques, students can enhance their ability to accurately and effectively translate between English and their native language. The unit equips students with the essential skills required for successful communication and language acquisition in a globalized world.。

教 案案New Horizon College English 新视野大学英语读写教程（一）教研室： 教师姓名： 课程名称课程名称授课专业和班级 授课内容 Unit 7 Women Women at at the Management Level授课学时 6 教学目的 The teaching objective of this unit is to help students:grasp the main idea and structure of the text;2. To understand the structure of 2. To understand the structure of ““A general statement supported by example[s]example[s]”;”;3. To write 3. To write ““A general statement supported by example[s]A general statement supported by example[s]”” essays;4. To master the key language points and grammatical structures in the text.5. To conduct a series of reading, listening, speaking and writing activities related to the theme of the text.教学重点 1. Text structure analysis2. Language points:Key words and expressions: administrative,?attorney,?accommodation,?segment,?be disposed?to?do?sth., on?both?counts, feel?at?ease?with?sb, make?a?concession / concessions?to, come?down?to,?take?exception?to?sth.,?burst?into,3. Writing skills: a general statement supported by example[s] 教学方法 1. Communicative approaches;2. Task-based teaching method;3. Audio-lingual method.教学过程 1. Warm-up Activities2. Text Structure Analysis3. Detailed Study of the Text4. Grammar and exercises5. Writing and reading skills practice作业 Homework:1. Recite the appointed paragraph.2. Translate sentences and write a paragraph showing “a generalstatement supported by example[s]statement supported by example[s]””.辅助手段 Multimedia software 辅导答疑教学内容Ⅰ. Warm-up activities Step 1 GreetingsGreet the whole class as usual.Step 2. Review1. Ask students some questions to review the last lesson （show them on the screen screen））.2. Check the homeworkMethod: Talk in groups; Use task-based language teaching method, communicative approach, and audio-lingual method.Step 3. Lead-in and preparation for readingShow the Ss some pictures and let them talk to each other about the topic on the screen.1. What is career woman?2. Should women stay home or work outside? Why?3. What are the advantages and disadvantages for the career woman?Purpose: Arouse the students’ interest of study. Bring in new subject: Genetic EngineeringStep 4. Fast readingAsk the Ss to read the passage as quickly as they can and to answer the questions on thescreen. Let them get the main idea of each paragraph and make clear about the text structure. Ⅱ. Text Structure AnalysisPurpose : : Improve the students’ reading and writing ability and understand the Improve the students’ reading and writing ability and understand the general idea of each paragraph.Method : Read the text individually and talk in groups; Use task-based language teaching method, reading approach, communicative approach and total physical response methodPart I (paras. 1-2): Introduction (thesis statement) of the textPart II (paras. 3): How female bosses managePart III (paras. 4-5): How male and female bosses are different in working styles Part IV(paras. 6-8)?: Why male and female bosses manage differentlyPart V(paras. 9): Obstacles for female bossesPart VI(paras. 10): ConclusionⅢ. Detailed Studies of the TextWords and Phrases1. employeen.[C] sb. who is paid to work for sb. else 受雇者；雇员Knowing what an employer is looking for in a potential employee can help someone to prepare for an interview.了解雇主在寻找什么样的潜在雇员可以帮助人们准备面试。