北京佐思信息咨询有限责任公司Room 502, Unit 3, Tower C,Changyuan Tiandi Bldg, No.18,Suzhou Street,Haidian District, Beijing, 100080Tel: 400-009-0050全球以替代性能源为动力的商业汽车市场Alternatively Powered Commercial Vehicles: Global MarketsReport DescriptionREPORT HIGHLIGHTSThe global market for alternative powered commercial vehicles totaled $8.1 billion in 2014 and $5.7 billion in 2015. The market should total $13.2 billion by 2020, in the base case of $80-per-barrel oil, demonstrating a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) o f 18.4% from 2015 to 2020.This report provides:An overview of the global markets for alternatively powered commercial vehicles.Analyses of global market trends, with data from 2014, 2015, and projections of compound annual growth rates (CAGRs) through 2020.Multiple scenarios of the future environm ent for the cost of fuel, the cost of the incremental equipment, and the savings generated by the increm ental equipment utilizing the alternative fuels.A regional breakdown of the market into North America, Latin America, EMEA, and Asia-Pacific.Further breakdowns within the above regions into heavy duty, medium duty, and light duty commercial vehicles.Coverage of eight alternative power/fuel types including liquid natural gas (LNG), compressed natural gas (CNG), liquid petroleum gas (LPG), hybrids, electric (all electric) bio fuels, Hydrogen, and fuel cells.Profiles of key players and suppliers.The global market for the increm ental up-fit costs to equip commercial vehicles for alternative fuels are measured for 2014 and projected from 2015 through 2020.This report focuses on 10 major alternative fuels for commercial vehicles across North America; Latin America; Europe, the Middle East and Africa (EMEA); and theAsia -Pacific region:Compressed natural gas (CNG).Liquid natural gas (LNG).Liquid petroleum gas (LPG), also known as autogas.Dimethyl ether (DME).Renewable natural gas (Bio Methane).Biodiesel.Ethanol.Methanol.Hydrogen.Hythane.To maintain a commonality within only those power sources that are utilized by internal combustion engines this report excludes:All electric (battery) vehicles.Hybrid electric battery and generator/internal combustion vehicles.Fuel-cell powered electric vehicles.ANALYST'S CREDENTIALSJon T. Gabrielsen is president and CEO of J.T. Gabrielsen Consulting LLC, an Atlanta, Ga.-based market research and growth strategy consulting firm. He has 38 years of vehicular industry experience in roles ranging from market strategy and finance to operations and engineering.TABLE OF CONTENTSCHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTIONSTUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVESREASONS FOR DOING THE STUDYINTENDED AUDIENCESCOPE OF REPORTINFORMATION SOURCESSECONDARY SOURCESAcademic Research Papers at UniversitiesIndustry AnalystsTrade AssociationsTrade Journals and WebsitesGovernment AgenciesQuasi-Governmental AgenciesGeneral Media and WebsitesMETHODOLOGY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF MARKET SIZING AND GROWTH PROJECTIONS ANALYST'S CREDENTIALSRELATED BCC RESEARCH REPORTSBCC RESEARCH WEBSITEDISCLAIMERACRONYMSCHAPTER 2 - SUMMARYSUMMARY TABLE: GLOBAL MARKET FOR ALTERNATIVE FUELS FOR COMMERCIAL VEHICLES, BY BENCHMARK OIL PRICE POINT, THROUGH 2020 ($ MILLIONS)SUMMARY FIGURE: GLOBAL MARKET FOR ALTERNATIVE FUELS FOR COMMERCIAL VEHICLES, BY BENCHMARK OIL PRICE POINT, 2014-2020 ($ MILLIONS)CHAPTER 3 - OVERVIEWINTRODUCTIONHISTORICAL AND CURRENTLY DOMINANT FUELSFUELS AT THE DAWN OF THE INTERNAL COMBUSTION AGEDOMINANT FUELSGasolineBackgroundFeedstockFIGURE 1: GASOLINE PRODUCTION PROCESSEfficiency from Well to Vehicle TankFuel StateVolumeWeightFIGURE 2: GASOLINE DISTRIBUTION NETWORKDieselBackgroundFeedstockFIGURE 3: DIESEL PRODUCTION PROCESSEfficiency from Well to Vehicle TankFuel StateVolumeWeightFIGURE 4: DIESEL DISTRIBUTION NETWORKCurrent Dominant FuelsALTERNATIVE FUELSALTERNATIVE FUEL FEEDSTOCKSLIQUIDSMethanolBackgroundFeedstockFIGURE 5: METHANOL PRODUCTION PROCESSEfficiency from Well to Vehicle TankFuel StateVolumeWeightFIGURE 6: METHANOL FUEL DISTRIBUTION NETWORKFuel Blends, Performance and TradeoffsTABLE 1: METHANOL FUEL BLENDS, PERFORMANCE AND TRADEOFFSTABLE 2: METHANOL SUMMARYEthanolBackgroundFeedstocksFIGURE 7: ETHANOL PRODUCTION PROCESSFuel StateVolumeWeightFIGURE 8: ETHANOL FUEL DISTRIBUTION NETWORKFuel Blends, Performance and TradeoffsTABLE 3: ETHANOL FUEL BLENDS, PERFORMANCE AND TRADEOFFSTABLE 4: SUMMARY OF ETHANOLBiodieselBackgroundFeedstockFIGURE 9 BIODIESEL PRODUCTION PROCESSEfficiency from Crop to Vehicle TankFuel StateFIGURE 10: COMPARISON BETWEEN FOSSIL FUEL DIESEL AND BIODIESEL FUEL PRODUCTION PROCESSINGVolumeWeightFIGURE 11: BIODIESEL DISTRIBUTION NETWORKFuel Blends, Performance and TradeoffsTABLE 5: BIODIESEL SUMMARYGASSESCompressed Natural GasFeedstockFIGURE 12: COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS PRODUCTION PROCESSEfficiency From Well to Vehicle TankFuel StateVolumeWeightDistribution NetworkFuel Blends, Performance and TradeoffsTABLE 6: COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS FUEL BLENDS, PERFORMANCE AND TRADEOFFS TABLE 7: COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS SUMMARYLiquid Natural GasFeedstock to FuelFIGURE 13: LIQUID NATURAL GAS PRODUCTION PROCESSEfficiency From Well to Vehicle TankFuel StateVolumeWeightFIGURE 14: LIQUID NATURAL GAS DISTRIBUTION NETWORKFuel Blends, Performance and TradeoffsTABLE 8: LIQUID NATURAL GAS FUEL BLENDS, PERFORMANCE AND TRADEOFFS TABLE 9: LIQUID NATURAL GAS SUMMARYLiquid Petroleum GasFeedstockFIGURE 15: LIQUID PETROLEUM GAS PRODUCTION PROCESSEfficiency From Well to Vehicle TankFuel StateVolumeWeightFIGURE 16: LIQUID PETROLEUM GAS DISTRIBUTION NETWORKTABLE 10: LIQUID PETROLEUM GAS FUEL BLENDS, PERFORMANCE AND TRADEOFFS TABLE 11: LIQUID PETROLEUM GAS SUMMARYDimethyl EtherFeedstockFIGURE 17: DIMETHYL ETHER PRODUCTION PROCESSFuel StateVolumeWeightDistribution NetworkFIGURE 18: DIMETHYL ETHER DISTRIBUTION NETWORKTABLE 12: DIMETHYL ETHER FUEL BLENDS, PERFORMANCE AND TRADEOFFS TABLE 13: DIMETHYL ETHER SUMMARYRenewable Natural Gas (Bio-Methane)FeedstockFuel Production Process and Efficiency from Biomass Source to Vehicle Tank FIGURE 19: BIO-METHANE PRODUCTION PROCESSFuel StateVolumeWeightDistribution NetworkBlendsPerformance DifferencesTABLE 14: BIO-METHANE SUMMARYHydrogenFeedstockFIGURE 20: HYDROGEN PRODUCTION PROCESSEfficiency from Well to Vehicle TankFuel StateVolumeWeightFIGURE 21: HYDROGEN DISTRIBUTION NETWORKTABLE 15: HYDROGEN FUEL BLENDS, PERFORMANCE AND TRADEOFFSTABLE 16: HYDROGEN SUMMARYHythaneFeedstockFIGURE 22: HYTHANE PRODUCTION PROCESSEfficiency from Well to Vehicle TankFuel StateVolumeWeightDistribution NetworkFIGURE 23: HYTHANE DISTRIBUTION NETWORKTABLE 17: HYTHANE FUEL BLENDS, PERFORMANCE AND TRADEOFFSTABLE 18: HYTHANE SUMMARYCHAPTER 4 - REQUISITE ENABLING SYSTEMS FOR ALTERNATIVE FUELS INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVESTHREE MAJOR FUEL SYSTEM APPROACHES BY COMBUSTION IGNITION METHODFUEL ADDITIVES FOR LIQUID ALTERNATIVE FUELSSPARK PLUG OR GLOWPLUG IGNITIONPILOT INJECTION WITH HIGH-PRESSURE DIRECT INJECTIONDUAL FUELCOMPONENT PORTIONS AMONG ALTERNATIVE FUELSONBOARD VEHICLESTATIONARY SUPPORT EQUIPMENTMETHANOLFIGURE 24: INCREMENTAL ON-BOARD COMMERCIAL VEHICLE UP-FIT EQUIPMENT FOR METHANOL FUELSTATIONARY SUPPORT EQUIPMENTETHANOLFIGURE 25: INCREMENTAL ON-BOARD COMMERCIAL VEHICLE UP-FIT EQUIPMENT FOR ETHANOL FUELSTATIONARY SUPPORT EQUIPMENTBIODIESELCOMPRESSED NATURAL GASFIGURE 26: INCREMENTAL ON-BOARD COMMERCIAL VEHICLE UP-FIT EQUIPMENT FOR COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS FUELFIGURE 27: INCREMENTAL STATIONARY EQUIPMENT FOR SUPPORT OF COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS FUELED COMMERCIAL VEHICLESLIQUEFIED NATURAL GASFIGURE 28: INCREMENTAL ON-BOARD COMMERCIAL VEHICLE UP-FIT EQUIPMENT FOR LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS FUELFIGURE 29: INCREMENTAL STATIONARY EQUIPMENT FOR SUPPORT OF LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS FUELED COMMERCIAL VEHICLESLIQUID PROPANE GASFIGURE 30: INCREMENTAL ON-BOARD COMMERCIAL VEHICLE UP-FIT EQUIPMENT FOR LIQUID PROPANE GAS FUELFIGURE 31: INCREMENTAL STATIONARY EQUIPMENT FOR SUPPORT OF LIQUID PROPANE GAS-FUELED COMMERCIAL VEHICLESDIMETHYL EITHERFIGURE 32: INCREMENTAL ON-BOARD COMMERCIAL VEHICLE UP-FIT EQUIPMENT FOR DIMETHYL EITHER FUELFIGURE 33: INCREMENTAL STATIONARY EQUIPMENT FOR SUPPORT OF DIMETHYL EITHER-FUELED COMMERCIAL VEHICLESCOMPRESSED HYDROGENFIGURE 34: INCREMENTAL ON-BOARD COMMERCIAL VEHICLE UP-FIT EQUIPMENT FOR COMPRESSED HYDROGEN FUELFIGURE 35: INCREMENTAL STATIONARY EQUIPMENT FOR SUPPORT OF COMPRESSED HYDROGEN-FUELED COMMERCIAL VEHICLESLIQUEFIED HYDROGENFIGURE 36: INCREMENTAL ON-BOARD COMMERCIAL VEHICLE UP-FIT EQUIPMENT FOR LIQUEFIED HYDROGEN FUELFIGURE 37: INCREMENTAL STATIONARY EQUIPMENT FOR SUPPORT OF LIQUEFIED HYDROGEN-FUELED COMMERCIAL VEHICLESHYTHANEFIGURE 38: INCREMENTAL ON-BOARD COMMERCIAL VEHICLE UP-FIT EQUIPMENT FOR COMPRESSED HYTHANE FUELCHAPTER 5 - BUSINESS CASE ECONOMICS BY FUEL TYPE AND REGION INTRODUCTION OF THE KEY GRAPH FORMAT DEFINITIONS AND INTERPRETATIONTABLE 19: INCREMENTAL INVESTMENT ASSUMPTIONS PER ALTERNATIVELY FUELED COMMERCIAL VEHICLEFIGURE 39: KEY GRAPH AND DEFINITIONSFIGURE 40: KEY GRAPH WITH SCENARIOSTABLE 20: ALTERNATIVE FUEL BREAKEVEN PRICES PER DIESEL EQUIVALENT UNIT (DGE AND DLE) ($)METHANOLTABLE 21: INCREMENTAL INVESTMENT ASSUMPTIONS PER METHANOL-FUELED COMMERCIAL VEHICLENORTH AMERICATABLE 22: NORTH AMERICAN METHANOL BREAKEVEN PRICES PER DIESEL EQUIVALENT UNIT (DGE AND DLE) ($)FIGURE 41: NORTH AMERICAN METHANOL BREAKEVEN PRICES PER DIESEL GALLON EQUIVALENTDiscussion and ImplicationsConclusionsLATIN AMERICATABLE 23: LATIN AMERICAN METHANOL BREAKEVEN PRICES PER DIESEL EQUIVALENT UNIT(DGE AND DLE) ($)FIGURE 42: LATIN AMERICAN METHANOL BREAKEVEN PRICES PER DIESEL GALLON EQUIVALENTDiscussion and ImplicationsConclusionsEUROPE, MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICATABLE 24: EUROPEAN, MIDDLE EASTERN AND AFRICAN METHANOL BREAKEVEN PRICES PER DIESEL EQUIVALENT UNIT (DGE AND DLE) ($)FIGURE 43: EUROPEAN, MIDDLE EASTERN AND AFRICAN METHANOL BREAKEVEN PRICES PER DIESEL GALLON EQUIVALENTDiscussion and ImplicationsConclusionsASIA-PACIFICTABLE 25: ASIA-PACIFIC METHANOL BREAKEVEN PRICES PER DIESEL EQUIVALENT UNIT (DGE AND DLE) ($)FIGURE 44: ASIA-PACIFIC METHANOL BREAKEVEN PRICES PER DIESEL GALLON EQUIVALENTDiscussion and ImplicationsConclusionsETHANOLTABLE 26: INCREMENTAL INVESTMENT ASSUMPTIONS PER ETHANOL FUELED COMMERCIAL VEHICLENORTH AMERICATABLE 27: NORTH AMERICAN ETHANOL BREAKEVEN PRICES PER DIESEL EQUIVALENT UNIT (DGE AND DLE) ($)FIGURE 45: NORTH AMERICAN ETHANOL BREAKEVEN PRICES PER DIESEL GALLON EQUIVALENTDiscussion and ImplicationsConclusionsLATIN AMERICATABLE 28: LATIN AMERICAN ETHANOL BREAKEVEN PRICES PER DIESEL EQUIVALENT UNIT (DGE AND DLE) ($)FIGURE 46: LATIN AMERICAN ETHANOL BREAKEVEN PRICES PER DIESEL GALLON EQUIVALENTDiscussion and ImplicationsConclusionsEUROPE, MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICATABLE 29: EUROPEAN, MIDDLE EASTERN AND AFRICAN ETHANOL BREAKEVEN PRICES PER DIESEL EQUIVALENT UNIT (DGE AND DLE) ($)FIGURE 47: EUROPEAN, MIDDLE EASTERN AND AFRICAN ETHANOL BREAKEVEN PRICES PER DIESEL GALLON EQUIVALENTDiscussion and ImplicationsConclusionsASIA-PACIFICTABLE 30: ASIA-PACIFIC ETHANOL BREAKEVEN PRICES PER DIESEL EQUIVALENT UNIT (DGE AND DLE) ($)FIGURE 48: ASIA-PACIFIC ETHANOL BREAKEVEN PRICES PER DIESEL GALLON EQUIVALENT ($)Discussion and ImplicationsConclusionBIODIESELTABLE 31: INCREMENTAL INVESTMENT ASSUMPTIONS PER BIODIESEL- FUELED COMMERCIAL VEHICLENORTH AMERICATABLE 32: NORTH AMERICAN BIODIESEL BREAKEVEN PRICES PER DIESEL EQUIVALENT UNIT (DGE AND DLE) ($)FIGURE 49: NORTH AMERICAN BIODIESEL BREAKEVEN PRICES PER DIESEL GALLON EQUIVALENT ($)Discussion and ImplicationsConclusionsLATIN AMERICATABLE 33: LATIN AMERICAN BIODIESEL BREAKEVEN PRICES PER DIESEL EQUIVALENT UNIT (DGE AND DLE) ($)FIGURE 50: LATIN AMERICAN BIODIESEL BREAKEVEN PRICES PER DIESEL GALLON EQUIVALENTDiscussion and ImplicationsConclusionsEUROPE, MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICATABLE 34: EUROPEAN, MIDDLE EASTERN AND AFRICAN BIODIESEL BREAKEVEN PRICES PER DIESEL EQUIVALENT UNIT (DGE AND DLE) ($)FIGURE 51: EUROPEAN, MIDDLE EASTERN AND AFRICAN BIODIESEL BREAKEVEN PRICES PER DIESEL GALLON EQUIVALENT ($)Discussion and ImplicationsConclusionsASIA-PACIFICTABLE 35: ASIA-PACIFIC BIODIESEL BREAKEVEN PRICES PER DIESEL EQUIVALENT UNIT (DGE AND DLE) ($)FIGURE 52: ASIA-PACIFIC BIODIESEL BREAKEVEN PRICES PER DIESEL GALLON EQUIVALENT ($)Discussion and ImplicationsConclusionsCOMPRESSED NATURAL GASTABLE 36: INCREMENTAL INVESTMENT ASSUMPTIONS PER COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS-FUELED COMMERCIAL VEHICLENORTH AMERICATABLE 37: NORTH AMERICAN SELF-COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS BREAKEVEN PRICES PER DIESEL EQUIVALENT UNIT (DGE AND DLE)FIGURE 53: NORTH AMERICAN SELF-COMPRESSED COMPRESSED NATURAL GASBREAKEVEN PRICES PER DIESEL GALLON EQUIVALENT ($)Discussion and ImplicationsConclusionsLATIN AMERICATABLE 38: LATIN AMERICAN SELF-COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS BREAKEVEN PRICES PER DIESEL EQUIVALENT UNIT (DGE AND DLE) ($)FIGURE 54: LATIN AMERICAN SELF-COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS BREAKEVEN PRICES PER DIESEL GALLON EQUIVALENT ($)Discussion and ImplicationsConclusionsEUROPE, MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICATABLE 39: EUROPEAN, MIDDLE EASTERN AND AFRICAN SELF-COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS BREAKEVEN PRICES PER DIESEL EQUIVALENT UNIT (DGE AND DLE) ($)FIGURE 55: EUROPEAN, MIDDLE EASTERN AND AFRICAN SELF-COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS BREAKEVEN PRICES PER DIESEL GALLON EQUIVALENT ($)Discussion and ImplicationsConclusionsASIA-PACIFICTABLE 40: ASIA-PACIFIC SELF-COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS BREAKEVEN PRICES PER DIESEL EQUIVALENT UNIT (DGE AND DLE) ($)FIGURE 56: ASIA-PACIFIC SELF-COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS BREAKEVEN PRICES PER DIESEL GALLON EQUIVALENT ($)Discussion and ImplicationsConclusionsNORTH AMERICATABLE 41: NORTH AMERICA RETAIL COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS BREAKEVEN PRICES PER DIESEL EQUIVALENT UNIT (DGE AND DLE) ($)FIGURE 57: NORTH AMERICAN RETAIL COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS BREAKEVEN PRICES PER DIESEL GALLON EQUIVALENT ($)Discussion and ImplicationsConclusionsLATIN AMERICATABLE 42: LATIN AMERICAN RETAIL COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS BREAKEVEN PRICES PER DIESEL EQUIVALENT UNIT (DGE AND DLE) ($)FIGURE 58: LATIN AMERICAN RETAIL COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS BREAKEVEN PRICES PER DIESEL GALLON EQUIVALENT ($)Discussion and ImplicationsConclusionsEUROPE, MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICATABLE 43: EUROPEAN, MIDDLE EASTERN AND AFRICAN RETAIL COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS BREAKEVEN PRICES PER DIESEL EQUIVALENT UNIT (DGE AND DLE) ($)FIGURE 59: EUROPEAN, MIDDLE EASTERN AND AFRICAN RETAIL COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS BREAKEVEN PRICES PER DIESEL GALLON EQUIVALENT ($)Discussion and ImplicationsConclusionsASIA-PACIFICTABLE 44: ASIA-PACIFIC RETAIL COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS BREAKEVEN PRICES PER DIESEL EQUIVALENT UNIT (DGE AND DLE) ($)FIGURE 60: ASIA-PACIFIC RETAIL COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS BREAKEVEN PRICES PER DIESEL GALLON EQUIVALENT ($)Discussion, Implications and ConclusionsLIQUID NATURAL GASTABLE 45 INCREMENTAL INVESTMENT ASSUMPTIONS PER LIQUID NATURAL GAS FUELED COMMERCIAL VEHICLENORTH AMERICATABLE 46: NORTH AMERICAN LIQUID NATURAL GAS BREAKEVEN PRICES PER DIESEL EQUIVALENT UNIT (DGE AND DLE) ($)FIGURE 61: NORTH AMERICAN LIQUID NATURAL GAS BREAKEVEN PRICES PER DIESEL GALLON EQUIVALENTDiscussion and ImplicationsConclusionsLATIN AMERICATABLE 47: LATIN AMERICAN LIQUID NATURAL GAS BREAKEVEN PRICES PER DIESEL EQUIVALENT UNIT (DGE AND DLE) ($)FIGURE 62: LATIN AMERICAN LIQUID NATURAL GAS BREAKEVEN PRICES PER DIESEL GALLON EQUIVALENTDiscussion and ImplicationsConclusionsEUROPE, MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICATABLE 48: EUROPEAN, MIDDLE EASTERN AND AFRICAN LIQUID NATURAL GAS BREAKEVEN PRICES PER DIESEL EQUIVALENT UNIT (DGE AND DLE) ($)FIGURE 63: EUROPEAN, MIDDLE EASTERN AND AFRICAN LIQUID NATURAL GAS BREAKEVEN PRICES PER DIESEL GALLON EQUIVALENT ($)Discussion and ImplicationsConclusionsASIA-PACIFICTABLE 49: ASIA-PACIFIC LIQUID NATURAL GAS BREAKEVEN PRICES PER DIESEL EQUIVALENT UNIT (DGE AND DLE) ($)FIGURE 64: ASIA-PACIFIC LIQUID NATURAL GAS BREAKEVEN PRICES PER DIESEL GALLON EQUIVALENT ($)Discussion and ImplicationsConclusionsLIQUID PROPANE GASTABLE 50: INCREMENTAL INVESTMENT ASSUMPTIONS PER LIQUID PROPANE GAS-FUELED COMMERCIAL VEHICLENORTH AMERICATABLE 51: NORTH AMERICAN LIQUID PROPANE GAS BREAKEVEN PRICES PER DIESEL EQUIVALENT UNIT (DGE AND DLE) ($)FIGURE 65: NORTH AMERICAN LIQUID PROPANE GAS BREAKEVEN PRICES PER DIESEL GALLON EQUIVALENT ($)Discussion and ImplicationsConclusionsLATIN AMERICATABLE 52: LATIN AMERICAN LIQUID PROPANE GAS BREAKEVEN PRICES PER DIESEL EQUIVALENT UNIT (DGE AND DLE) ($)FIGURE 66: LATIN AMERICAN LIQUID PROPANE GAS BREAKEVEN PRICES PER DIESEL GALLON EQUIVALENT ($)Discussion and ImplicationsConclusionsEUROPE, MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICATABLE 53: EUROPEAN, MIDDLE EASTERN AND AFRICAN LIQUID PROPANE GAS BREAKEVEN PRICES PER DIESEL EQUIVALENT UNIT (DGE AND DLE) ($)FIGURE 67: EUROPEAN, MIDDLE EASTERN AND AFRICAN LIQUID PROPANE GAS BREAKEVEN PRICES PER DIESEL GALLON EQUIVALENT ($)Discussion and ImplicationsConclusionsASIA-PACIFICTABLE 54: ASIA-PACIFIC LIQUID PROPANE GAS BREAKEVEN PRICES PER DIESEL EQUIVALENT UNIT (DGE AND DLE) ($)FIGURE 68: ASIA-PACIFIC LIQUID PROPANE GAS BREAKEVEN PRICES PER DIESEL GALLON EQUIVALENT ($)Discussion and ImplicationsConclusionsDIMETHYL ETHERTABLE 55: INCREMENTAL INVESTMENT ASSUMPTIONS PER DIMETHYL ETHER-FUELED COMMERCIAL VEHICLENORTH AMERICATABLE 56: NORTH AMERICAN DIMETHYL ETHER BREAKEVEN PRICES PER DIESEL EQUIVALENT UNIT (DGE AND DLE) ($)FIGURE 69: NORTH AMERICAN DIMETHYL ETHER BREAKEVEN PRICES PER DIESEL GALLON EQUIVALENT ($)LATIN AMERICATABLE 57: LATIN AMERICAN DIMETHYL ETHER BREAKEVEN PRICES PER DIESEL EQUIVALENT UNIT (DGE AND DLE) ($)FIGURE 70: LATIN AMERICAN DIMETHYL ETHER BREAKEVEN PRICES PER DIESEL GALLON EQUIVALENT ($)EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICATABLE 58: EUROPEAN, MIDDLE EASTERN AND AFRICAN DIMETHYL ETHER BREAKEVEN PRICES PER DIESEL EQUIVALENT UNIT (DGE AND DLE) ($)FIGURE 71: EUROPEAN, MIDDLE EASTERN AND AFRICAN DIMETHYL ETHER BREAKEVEN PRICES PER DIESEL GALLON EQUIVALENT ($)ASIA-PACIFICTABLE 59: ASIA-PACIFIC DIMETHYL ETHER BREAKEVEN PRICES PER DIESEL EQUIVALENT UNIT (DGE AND DLE) ($)FIGURE 72: ASIA-PACIFIC DIMETHYL ETHER BREAKEVEN PRICES PER DIESEL GALLON EQUIVALENT ($)Discussion and ImplicationsConclusionsCOMPRESSED HYDROGENTABLE 60: INCREMENTAL INVESTMENT ASSUMPTIONS PER COMPRESSED HYDROGEN-FUELED COMMERCIAL VEHICLE ($)CONCLUSIONNORTH AMERICATABLE 61: NORTH AMERICAN COMPRESSED HYDROGEN BREAKEVEN PRICES PER DIESEL EQUIVALENT UNIT (DGE AND DLE) ($)FIGURE 73: NORTH AMERICAN COMPRESSED HYDROGEN BREAKEVEN PRICES PER DIESEL GALLON EQUIVALENT ($)LATIN AMERICATABLE 62: LATIN AMERICAN COMPRESSED HYDROGEN BREAKEVEN PRICES PER DIESEL EQUIVALENT UNIT (DGE AND DLE) ($)FIGURE 74: LATIN AMERICAN COMPRESSED HYDROGEN BREAKEVEN PRICES PER DIESEL GALLON EQUIVALENT ($)EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICATABLE 63: EUROPEAN, MIDDLE EASTERN AND AFRICAN COMPRESSED HYDROGEN BREAKEVEN PRICES PER DIESEL EQUIVALENT UNIT (DGE AND DLE) ($)FIGURE 75: EUROPEAN, MIDDLE EASTERN AND AFRICAN COMPRESSED HYDROGEN BREAKEVEN PRICES PER DIESEL GALLON EQUIVALENT ($)ASIA-PACIFICTABLE 64: ASIA-PACIFIC COMPRESSED HYDROGEN BREAKEVEN PRICES PER DIESEL EQUIVALENT UNIT (DGE AND DLE) ($)FIGURE 76: ASIA-PACIFIC COMPRESSED HYDROGEN BREAKEVEN PRICES PER DIESEL GALLON EQUIVALENT (%)LIQUID HYDROGENTABLE 65: INCREMENTAL INVESTMENT ASSUMPTIONS PER LIQUID HYDROGEN FUELED COMMERCIAL VEHICLECONCLUSIONNORTH AMERICATABLE 66: NORTH AMERICAN LIQUID HYDROGEN BREAKEVEN PRICES PER DIESEL EQUIVALENT UNIT (DGE AND DLE) ($)FIGURE 77: NORTH AMERICAN LIQUID HYDROGEN BREAKEVEN PRICES PER DIESEL GALLON EQUIVALENT ($)LATIN AMERICATABLE 67: LATIN AMERICAN LIQUID HYDROGEN BREAKEVEN PRICES PER DIESEL EQUIVALENT UNIT (DGE AND DLE) ($)FIGURE 78: LATIN AMERICAN LIQUID HYDROGEN BREAKEVEN PRICES PER DIESEL GALLON EQUIVALENT ($)EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICATABLE 68: EUROPEAN, MIDDLE EASTERN AND AFRICAN LIQUID HYDROGEN BREAKEVEN PRICES PER DIESEL EQUIVALENT UNIT (DGE AND DLE) ($)FIGURE 79: EUROPEAN, MIDDLE EASTERN AND AFRICAN LIQUID HYDROGEN BREAKEVEN PRICES PER DIESEL GALLON EQUIVALENT ($)ASIA-PACIFICTABLE 69: ASIA-PACIFIC LIQUID HYDROGEN BREAKEVEN PRICES PER DIESEL EQUIVALENT UNIT (DGE AND DLE) ($)FIGURE 80: ASIA-PACIFIC LIQUID HYDROGEN BREAKEVEN PRICES PER DIESEL GALLON EQUIVALENTHYTHANETABLE 70: INCREMENTAL INVESTMENT ASSUMPTIONS PER HYTHANE-FUELED COMMERCIAL VEHICLECONCLUSIONNORTH AMERICATABLE 71: NORTH AMERICAN HYTHANE BREAKEVEN PRICES PER DIESEL EQUIVALENT UNIT (DGE AND DLE) ($)FIGURE 81: NORTH AMERICAN HYTHANE BREAKEVEN PRICES PER DIESEL GALLON EQUIVALENT ($)LATIN AMERICATABLE 72: LATIN AMERICAN HYTHANE BREAKEVEN PRICES PER DIESEL EQUIVALENT UNIT (DGE AND DLE) ($)FIGURE 82: LATIN AMERICAN HYTHANE BREAKEVEN PRICES PER DIESEL GALLON EQUIVALENTEUROPE, MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICATABLE 73: EUROPEAN, MIDDLE EASTERN AND AFRICAN HYTHANE BREAKEVEN PRICES PER DIESEL EQUIVALENT UNIT (DGE AND DLE) ($)FIGURE 83: EUROPEAN, MIDDLE EASTERN AND AFRICAN HYTHANE BREAKEVEN PRICES PER DIESEL GALLON EQUIVALENT ($)ASIA-PACIFICTABLE 74: ASIA-PACIFIC HYTHANE BREAKEVEN PRICES PER DIESEL EQUIVALENT UNIT (DGE AND DLE) ($)FIGURE 84: ASIA-PACIFIC HYTHANE BREAKEVEN PRICES PER DIESEL GALLON EQUIVALENT ($)SUMMARY OF ALL ALTERNATIVE FUELS BY REGIONNORTH AMERICAFIGURE 85: NORTH AMERICAN BREAKEVEN PRICES FOR EACH ALTERNATIVE FUEL PER DIESEL GALLON EQUIVALENT ($)LATIN AMERICAFIGURE 86: LATIN AMERICAN BREAKEVEN PRICES FOR EACH ALTERNATIVE FUEL PER DIESEL GALLON EQUIVALENT ($)EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICAFIGURE 87: EUROPEAN, MIDDLE EASTERN AND AFRICAN BREAKEVEN PRICES FOR EACH ALTERNATIVE FUEL PER DIESEL GALLON EQUIVALENT ($)ASIA-PACIFICFIGURE 88: ASIA-PACIFIC BREAKEVEN PRICES FOR EACH ALTERNATIVE FUEL PER DIESEL GALLON EQUIVALENT ($)CHAPTER 6 - MARKET SIZE HISTORY AND FORECASTS BY VEHICLE CLASS FOR ALTERNATIVE FUEL AND REGIONINTRODUCTIONBASE-CASE SCENARIO: LONG-TERM OIL PRICE AT $80 PER BARRELTABLE 75: GLOBAL MARKET FOR ALTERNATIVE FUEL BY TYPE FOR ALL CLASSES OF COMMERCIAL VEHICLES WITH OIL PRICE AT $80 PER BARREL, THROUGH 2020 ($ MILLIONS) TABLE 76: GLOBAL MARKET FOR ALTERNATIVE FUEL BY TYPE FOR ALL CLASSES OF COMMERCIAL VEHICLES WITH OIL PRICE AT $80 PER BARREL, THROUGH 2020 (THOUSAND UNITS)TABLE 77: NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR ALTERNATIVE FUEL BY TYPE FOR ALL CLASSES OF COMMERCIAL VEHICLES WITH OIL PRICE AT $80 PER BARREL, THROUGH 2020 ($ MILLIONS)TABLE 78: NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR ALTERNATIVE FUEL BY TYPE FOR ALL CLASSES OF COMMERCIAL VEHICLES WITH OIL PRICE AT $80 PER BARREL, THROUGH 2020 (THOUSAND UNITS)TABLE 79: LATIN AMERICAN MARKET FOR ALTERNATIVE FUEL BY TYPE FOR ALL CLASSES OF COMMERCIAL VEHICLES WITH OIL PRICE AT $80 PER BARREL, THROUGH 2020 ($ MILLIONS) TABLE 80: LATIN AMERICAN MARKET FOR ALTERNATIVE FUEL BY TYPE FOR ALL CLASSES OF COMMERCIAL VEHICLES WITH OIL PRICE AT $80 PER BARREL, THROUGH 2020 (THOUSAND UNITS)TABLE 81: EMEA MARKET FOR ALTERNATIVE FUEL BY TYPE FOR ALL CLASSES OF COMMERCIAL VEHICLES WITH OIL PRICE AT $80 PER BARREL, THROUGH 2020 ($ MILLIONS) TABLE 82: EMEA MARKET FOR ALTERNATIVE FUEL BY TYPE FOR ALL CLASSES OF COMMERCIAL VEHICLES WITH OIL PRICE AT $80 PER BARREL, THROUGH 2020 (THOUSAND UNITS)TABLE 83: ASIA-PACIFIC MARKET FOR ALTERNATIVE FUEL BY TYPE FOR ALL CLASSES OF COMMERCIAL VEHICLES WITH OIL PRICE AT $80 PER BARREL, THROUGH 2020 ($ MILLIONS) TABLE 84: ASIA-PACIFIC MARKET FOR ALTERNATIVE FUEL BY TYPE FOR ALL CLASSES OF COMMERCIAL VEHICLES WITH OIL PRICE AT $80 PER BARREL, THROUGH 2020 (THOUSAND UNITS)TABLE 85: GLOBAL MARKET FOR ALTERNATIVE FUEL BY TYPE FOR MEDIUM AND HEAVY DUTY COMMERCIAL VEHICLES WITH OIL PRICE AT $80 PER BARREL, THROUGH 2020 ($ MILLIONS) TABLE 86: GLOBAL MARKET FOR ALTERNATIVE FUEL BY TYPE FOR MEDIUM AND HEAVY DUTY COMMERCIAL VEHICLES WITH OIL PRICE AT $80 PER BARREL, THROUGH 2020 (THOUSAND UNITS)TABLE 87: NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR ALTERNATIVE FUEL BY TYPE FOR MEDIUM AND HEAVY DUTY COMMERCIAL VEHICLES WITH OIL PRICE AT $80 PER BARREL, THROUGH 2020 ($ MILLIONS)TABLE 88: NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR ALTERNATIVE FUEL BY TYPE FOR MEDIUM AND HEAVY DUTY COMMERCIAL VEHICLES WITH OIL PRICE AT $80 PER BARREL, THROUGH 2020(THOUSAND UNITS)TABLE 89: LATIN AMERICAN MARKET FOR ALTERNATIVE FUEL BY TYPE FOR MEDIUM AND HEAVY DUTY COMMERCIAL VEHICLES WITH OIL PRICE AT $80 PER BARREL, THROUGH 2020 ($ MILLIONS)TABLE 90: LATIN AMERICAN MARKET FOR ALTERNATIVE FUEL BY TYPE FOR MEDIUM AND HEAVY DUTY COMMERCIAL VEHICLES WITH OIL PRICE AT $80 PER BARREL, THROUGH 2020 (THOUSAND UNITS)TABLE 91: EMEA MARKET FOR ALTERNATIVE FUEL BY TYPE FOR MEDIUM AND HEAVY DUTY COMMERCIAL VEHICLES WITH OIL PRICE AT $80 PER BARREL, THROUGH 2020 ($ MILLIONS) TABLE 92: EMEA MARKET FOR ALTERNATIVE FUEL BY TYPE FOR MEDIUM AND HEAVY DUTY COMMERCIAL VEHICLES WITH OIL PRICE AT $80 PER BARREL, THROUGH 2020 (THOUSAND UNITS)TABLE 93: ASIA-PACIFIC MARKET FOR ALTERNATIVE FUEL BY TYPE FOR MEDIUM AND HEAVY DUTY COMMERCIAL VEHICLES WITH OIL PRICE AT $80 PER BARREL, THROUGH 2020 ($ MILLIONS)TABLE 94: ASIA-PACIFIC MARKET FOR ALTERNATIVE FUEL BY TYPE FOR MEDIUM AND HEAVY DUTY COMMERCIAL VEHICLES WITH OIL PRICE AT $80 PER BARREL, THROUGH 2020 (THOUSAND UNITS)TABLE 95: GLOBAL MARKET FOR ALTERNATIVE FUEL BY TYPE FOR LIGHT DUTY COMMERCIAL VEHICLES WITH OIL PRICE AT $80 PER BARREL, THROUGH 2020 ($ MILLIONS)TABLE 96: GLOBAL MARKET FOR ALTERNATIVE FUEL BY TYPE FOR LIGHT DUTY COMMERCIAL VEHICLES WITH OIL PRICE AT $80 PER BARREL, THROUGH 2020 (THOUSAND UNITS) TABLE 97: NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR ALTERNATIVE FUEL BY TYPE FOR LIGHT DUTY COMMERCIAL VEHICLES WITH OIL PRICE AT $80 PER BARREL, THROUGH 2020 ($ MILLIONS) TABLE 98: NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR ALTERNATIVE FUEL BY TYPE FOR LIGHT DUTY COMMERCIAL VEHICLES WITH OIL PRICE AT $80 PER BARREL, THROUGH 2020 (THOUSAND UNITS)TABLE 99: LATIN AMERICAN MARKET FOR ALTERNATIVE FUEL BY TYPE FOR LIGHT DUTY COMMERCIAL VEHICLES WITH OIL PRICE AT $80 PER BARREL, THROUGH 2020 ($ MILLIONS) TABLE 100: LATIN AMERICAN MARKET FOR ALTERNATIVE FUEL BY TYPE FOR LIGHT DUTY COMMERCIAL VEHICLES WITH OIL PRICE AT $80 PER BARREL, THROUGH 2020 (THOUSAND UNITS)TABLE 101: EMEA MARKET FOR ALTERNATIVE FUEL BY TYPE FOR LIGHT DUTY COMMERCIAL VEHICLES WITH OIL PRICE AT $80 PER BARREL, THROUGH 2020 ($ MILLIONS)TABLE 102: EMEA MARKET FOR ALTERNATIVE FUEL BY TYPE FOR LIGHT DUTY COMMERCIAL VEHICLES WITH OIL PRICE AT $80 PER BARREL, THROUGH 2020 (THOUSAND UNITS) TABLE 103: ASIA-PACIFIC MARKET FOR ALTERNATIVE FUEL BY TYPE FOR LIGHT DUTY COMMERCIAL VEHICLES WITH OIL PRICE AT $80 PER BARREL, THROUGH 2020 ($ MILLIONS) TABLE 104: ASIA-PACIFIC MARKET FOR ALTERNATIVE FUEL BY TYPE FOR LIGHT DUTY COMMERCIAL VEHICLES WITH OIL PRICE AT $80 PER BARREL, THROUGH 2020 (THOUSAND UNITS)HIGH OIL PRICE SCENARIO: LONG-TERM OIL PRICE AT $120 PER BARRELTABLE 105: GLOBAL MARKET FOR ALTERNATIVE FUEL BY TYPE FOR ALL CLASSES OF COMMERCIAL VEHICLES WITH OIL PRICE AT $120 PER BARREL, THROUGH 2020。
