新世纪大学英语（第二版）视听说教程（3rd Edition）第二册（全）Unit 1 All About MeLesson AVocabulary Link：A1（序号从左至右，自上而下）156324Listening：Activity 1-A1、B2、B3、A4、ABActivity 1-Bbe too interested in things that do not concern them, especially other people's affairsActivity 2-A213Activity 2-B1、B2、CD3、BActivity 2-C1、memories2、it's personalActivity 3-A1、132、To visit his grandparents.3、Yes. He talked to a nice woman.4、He had lots of fun with his grandparents and he saw lots of interesting places. In the end, he didn't even want to go home.Activity 3-B（1）very nervous about traveling so far（2）His grandparents（3）their home（4）twoActivity 4-A1、theme3、other paper keepsakes5、your photos and keepsakesActivity 4-B1、Scrapbooking is making beautiful books to hold special memories.2、Old newspapers clippings, postcards, tickets, report cards, and letters.3、"School days," "Family travel," "Memories of my grandparents, " and "Baby's first year."4、You can use felt pens, paint, and stickers.5、The "5Ws": who, what, where, when and why.Activity 5-A1、Most high schools in the US.2、Because they are graduating soon.3、Yes4、At the end of the year.5、It means a student with a good fashion sense.Activity 5-B1、once a yearspring2、chess3、most likely to succeedcategories4、notesI'll never forget youActivity 5-C（1）record（2）photo（3）seniors（4）sports（5）yearbook（6）titles（7）sign（8）memoriesSpeaking & Communication：Activity 1-A（1）How about you（2）this is（3）Hi（4）Let me introduce myself（5）I'd like you to meet（6）Nice to meet youLesson 4Global Viewpoints：Special People-Before You Watch（1）father（2）sister（3）mother（4）grandfather（5）grandmother（6）brotherSpecial People-While You Watch A1、T2、T3、FThe special person in Kumiko's family is her grandfather.4、FCalum's three friends are the most important people in his life.Special People-While You Watch BsisterbrotherEster80specialsupportivego outmost thingsimportantSpecial People-While You Watch C1、her grandfatherhe's always kind to her and supportive2、he likes to go out with them and he can talk to them about most thingsMemories-Before You Watch1、wise2、collect3、amusement parkMemories-While You Watch（1）Memories（2）collected（3）favorite（4）One of my happiest memories（5）my first day of school（6）I wanted the mostCity Living:Preview-B1、C2、A3、A4、C5、BWhile You Watch-AWhile You Watch-B1、blind date2、friend and colleagueBrazilUS office3、excited and a little nervous4、jewelryWhile You Watch-D1、Isn't it beautiful2、too bad3、hanging on to4、keeping it for the memoriesWhile You Watch-E（1）my favorite keepsake（2）pendant（3）things were rough（4）hated（5）make it（6）told（7）helped out（8）as a reminder（9）You know（10）Here goesWhile You Watch-FTara's grandmother's mother.After You Watch-A1、Here goes ...2、It should be OK.3、Too bad ...After You Watch-B（1）is（2）am（3）am living（4）work（5）am volunteering（6）are sending（7）am working（8）are building·She asks Sun-hee to help her choose what jewelry to wear·that her first boyfriend gave to her·that Tara got as a souvenir when she went to the US for the first time·that Tara’s grandmother gave her when she was in her first year of college. At the time, Tara had no friends and she hated her classes. Tara’s grandmother gave her the pendant to remind her to be strong. The story makes Sun-hee decide that the pendant is the perfect jewelry for Tara’s bland date.Unit 2 Express YourselfLesson AVocabulary Link：B2、is laughing3、is crying4、is blushing5、is yelling6、is frowningListening：Activity 1-AActivity 1-B1、bored2、sad3、happyActivity 2-A1、waving to2、shaking hands3、crossing his fingers4、shruggingActivity 2-B1、wallet2、nervous3、studying for a test4、the theaterActivity 3-AThey are both doing great.Activity 3-B（1）That's for sure（2）planning a trip to（3）What about your brothers （4）They're doing great（5）working on a project（6）planning a campaign againstActivity 4-A1、BangladeshIndonesia2、Indonesia3、Indonesia4、Bangladesh5、Bangladesh6、Bangladesh7、Bangladesh8、Indonesia9、NeitherActivity 4-B1、The United Arab Emirates2、Thailand3、Neither4、Thailand5、Neither6、Thailand7、Neither8、The United Arab Emirates9、The United Arab EmiratesActivity 5-A（1）shake hands（2）Japan（3）bow（4）Maori（5）Brazil（6）kiss each other on the cheek（7）in the eyes（8）Japan（9）embarrassedActivity 5-BIn Japan, when meeting for the first time in formal situations, people often exchange business cards. The polite way to give or receive a business card is to hold it with two hands.Pronunciation：B1、Tina's2、sister's3、She is4、When is5、dad is6、How's7、car isSpeaking & Communication：Activity 1-AKaty is stressed and kind of tired.Global Viewpoints：Before You Watch1、bow2、throwing3、stick outWhile You Watch-AWhile You Watch-B（1）doesn't like to feel（2）sad or frustrated（3）to be around other people （4）has stress（5）throw the ball（6）relaxes herWhile You Watch-C（1）have a special way of （2）kissing（3）give them a big hug（4）kiss on the cheek（5）stick my hands out（6）shake handsCity Living：Preview-B1、teachig2、trip3、nervous4、has5、havingWhile You Watch-A1、greetings2、what they are doing3、Tokyo4、nervous5、nothing6、joking7、funWhile You Watch-B1、Takeshi is teaching Claudia how to bow to people when greeting.2、She is preparing for a trip to Japan and this is the traditional Japanese way of greeting people.3、She's going to have a big meeting in Tokyo.While You Watch-C（1）a little nervous about（2）no need to be nervous（3）kind of worried about（4）Everything's going to be fineWhile You Watch-D（1）Let's see（2）like this（3）You're a natural（4）actually rude（5）one more thing（6）for luck（7）come onCome on（8）You guys（9）have a little fun（10）Some teacher you areWhile You Watch-EIt probably means that Takeshi is not a good teacher. Maybe Claudia thinks that a good teacher shouldn't make fun of their students.After You Watch-AAfter You Watch-B1、like this2、Let's see3、a natural4、Come on5、thoughAfter You Watch-C·traditional Japanese greetings. She became immediately interested in knowing what they were doing. Claudia told Tara that she was learning about Japan for her trip to Tokyo·That was why she had asked Takeshi for help. After he had showed Claudia how to give a person her business card in Japan, Takeshi told her that Japanese people would jump and nod their heads for luck—and they would do this three times·she was really trying to learn. While she was jumping and nodding her head, Takeshi and Tara started laughing.As it turned out, Takeshi was joking! He just wanted Claudia to relax and have fun.Unit 3 Let’s EatLesson AListening：Activity 1-ADActivity 1-B1、delicious, crispy, juicy2、bland3、oily, good4、tasty, too sweetActivity 2-AAActivity 2-B1、fast2、life3、farmers4、Europe5、membersActivity 3-A（从左至右，从上而下）butteryspicysweethealthyActivity 3-B1、He wanted to lose weight because he was 20 pounds overweight.2、Because she has spent six months in Thailand and comes to like spicy Thai food.3、It means that Abby likes to eat sweet foods.4、Because Minh is training for a swimming competition and he has to eat healthy foods. And now he prefers healthy foods to sweet or buttery foods.Activity 4-A1、T2、F3、T4、F5、F6、T7、TActivity 4-Bcapsaicin:a chemical in the chili peppers that produces heat andmakes your mouth feel hot. It has no flavor or smell.habanero:the hottest chili pepper in the world. It is bright orange and grows in the Caribbean.Activity 5-AActivity 5-B1、34 centenarians per 100,000 Okinawans.2、The Okinawans' secret: first, they eat a healthy diet;second, they don't do hard exercise; third, the older people have a good attitude about aging.Speaking & Communication：Activity 1-A1、Why don't we go to the pizza place on the corner?2、How about that new Japanese restaurant downtown?Lesson BGlobal Viewpoints：Favorite foods-Before You WatchFavorite foods-While You Watch A2、T3、FDayanne doesn't like rice and beans that are salty and buttery.4、T5、FDan says there's nothing better than juicy steak.6、FJulianna doesn't like to eat bacon.7、FAlejandra enjoys sweet foods like chocolate.International foods-Before You Watch1、some salsa2、tortillaInternational foods-While You Watch（1）I like（2）serve（3）My favorite dish（4）I love that（5）the most popular food（6）You name it（7）deliciousCity Living：Preview-B1、C2、B3、C4、B5、BWhile You Watch-A1、T2、T3、T4、FTakeshi thought Mike added too much hot sauce.5、T6、T7、FChef Dupree liked Mike and Takeshi's chicken because it was very hot.8、FMike and Takeshi won the cooking contest.While You Watch-B1、A2、B3、D4、A5、C6、C7、A8、CWhile You Watch-C1、Mike suggests they make the plate look better because they are attending a cooking contest and they want to win.2、Roberto says that the food looks delicious, and he says "mmm ..."While You Watch-D（1）how about some more hot sauce（2）man（3）Is it hot（4）come on（5）Oh my goshWhile You Watch-E（1）Step away from（2）The taste testing（3）Buttery（4）Quite tasty（5）A little sweet, but still crunchy（6）Try some chicken（7）Hot and spicy（8）Born and raised（9）the winners（10）I told youWhile You Watch-FThe judge, Chef Dupree, liked the food they prepared because he was born and raised in Louisiana where thefood is hot and spicy.After You Watch（1）entered a cooking contest（2）suggested adding some hot sauce to make the chicken spicier（3）wasn't so sure（4）the cover came off the bottle accidentally（5）he tried to remove some of the sauce（6）The judging began（7）her chicken was the oiliest he had ever tasted（8）they became extremely nervous（9）They thought the chef would not like it, but to their surprise, he liked it（10）quite unexpectedlyUnit 4 Today’s TrendsLesson AVocabulary Link：AListening：Activity 1-AActivity 1-B1、T2、T3、T4、FActivity 2Activity 3-A1、f2、c3、bActivity 3-B1、You could look for friends on the Internet.2、You shouldn't wear pants. You definitely ought to wear a dress.3、You'd better get some help or you'll fail the test. You'd better not delay taking the test.Activity 4-A1、b2、aActivity 4-B1、Sorry, but I have to side withwant to show offin your free time2、have a serious talkstyle and tastetoo much about appearancesActivity 5-B1、She was nervous and didn't know what to expect.2、She had to report to a recording studio by 10 a.m.3、They had to decide which songs were "Yes -- All the way!", "It's OK.", or "No way!"4、They just talked about the covers they liked.5、They are going to look at some new fashions.Activity 5-C1、The job doesn't pay.2、Brooke works once a week as a trendspotter.3、Brooke saw only six CD covers for "Gifted".4、Brooke held up a "No way" card for the heavy metal music.Pronunciation：B1、Most of2、Some of3、All of4、None ofSpeaking & Communication：Welcome to our debateplease beginWhat do you thinkSoExactlyI don't agreeActivity 2-A开放题型Activity 2-C开放题型Activity 2-E1、All2、A couple3、None4、Most5、Some6、All7、A lot8、MostLesson BGlobal Viewpoints：Family trends-Before You Watch1、full-time2、males3、traditional4、parentsFamily trends-While You Watch APersonal style-Before You WatchPersonal style-While You Watch （1）independent、（2）fashion（3）cowboy boots（4）stylish（5）admire（6）change（7）lose weight（8）appearance（9）instead ofCity Living：Preview-B1、B2、C3、B4、A5、CWhile You Watch-A24135While You Watch-B1、No, Mike didn't think running was enjoyable.2、Roberto said it was good for Mike (good for his health); he also said it was a trend nowadays to exercise.3、No, Mike didn't agree with Roberto. He said that most people he knew didn't exercise.4、None of Roberto's co-workers exercised 5 years ago.5、28 percent or almost one third of Roberto's co-workers go to the gym now.6、They go to the gym three or more times a week.While You Watch-C（1）Just because（2）doesn't make it a trend（3）that means（4）Not necessarily（5）Such as（6）play golf（7）that's true（8）None（9）come on（10）All of（11）most of（12）not this one（13）ought to（14）we'd betterWhile You Watch-D（1）you know what（2）What（3）What（4）You know（5）Yeah, right（6）No, I'm seriousAfter You Watch-A1、Such as2、You know what3、Not necessarily4、more and moreAfter You Watch-B·he should get more exercise. Roberto thought that more and more people were exercising·that most of the people he knew didn’t exercise·the increase in the number of people who exercised at his office·got tired and they stopped to rest·they ought to go home·they had better get Mike something to drink too·they should get some ice cream, too. Why? Because Mike read that thirty-three percent of all athletes recommend eating ice cream after a heavy workout.Roberto, however, didn’t agreeUnit 5 Unsolved MysteriesLesson AVocabulary Link：A1B1、A2、A3、B4、A5、A6、B7、BC(从左至右，从上而下)·The man is breaking a law. He is committing a crime.·The detective is catching a criminal. The detective is arresting the criminal.·The detective is questioning the criminal. The criminal is not making a confession.DWord puzzleListening：Activity 1-Athe most famous detectives ever known imaginary detectivesixtyScottish authormoneyActivity 1-B1、C2、C3、A4、B5、BActivity 2-A41352Activity 2-BABDActivity 2-C1、Mike thinks the lights could be the same as those in a local legend.2、Alexa thinks the lights are a hoax.Activity 3-A1、A young girl standing in the middle of the road.2、Because it was raining heavily.3、He stopped the car quickly.4、She said "I'm fine" and walked away quietly.5、He said the girl was Mary Anne and was killed ina car accident five years ago.Activity 3-B（1）heavily（2）clearly（3）slowly（4）neatly（5）quickly（6）strangely（7）happily（8）quietly（9）Nervously（10）calmlyActivity 4-A1、A terrible explosion.2、In eastern Russia.3、June 30, 1908.Activity 4-B41352Activity 4-C1、lots of damagehuge explosion2、near Eartha part of it broke off3、crashed into the groundits engine exploded 4、destroy the earthset fire to the forest5、used electricitya test of his gunActivity 5-A27846153Activity 5-B1、Different people see different lights.2、Robert Ellison saw the lights in 1883.3、The Native Americans thought the lights were stars falling to Earth.4、A team from Japan studied the lights, but couldn't solve the mystery.Activity 5-C1、Ball lightning is lightning in the shape of circle. It often appears after a rainstorm.2、Some people call the lights "ghost lights".3、No, they aren't. Actually, they hold a town festival every September to celebrate the mystery lights. PronunciationA1、B2、A3、A4、C5、C6、BLesson BGlobal Viewpoints：Before You WatchWhile You Watch AWhile You Watch B1、fall2、a strong3、sneaky4、real5、how6、offWhile You Watch C（1）witnessed a very strange event （2）make the rain fall（3）was haunted（4）late at night（5）turned off（6）very strange and quite scary City LivingPreview B1、A2、B3、B4、B5、AWhile You Watch-A421653While You Watch-B1、Tara asked them to come because she wanted to solvea crime.2、Someone stole and ate Sun-hee's yogurt.3、Sun-hee thinks it's OK, because it's only yogurt.4、Tara feels it's serious, because if the thief is not caught more things are likely to go missing.While You Watch-C（1）It's very likely（2）for emergencies（3）besides（4）Now（5）calmly（6）netly（7）Note the weapon（8）I have an alibi（9）you are a friend ofWhile You Watch-D（1）What（2）Confess（3）too busy to go shopping （4）went to bed（5）made sure（6）carefully took this spoon （7）No! No! It's not true!（8）Hey（9）What's upAfter You Watch-A1、Who knows2、go on3、Note4、It's very likelyAfter You Watch-B（1）without notice（2）solve this "crime"（3）it was very likely（4）Tara got serious about the matter（5）if it were not checked at the start（6）though in a humorous way（7）he had an alibi and hadn't done it（8）Just as Claudia was protesting that it wasn't true（9）Finally everyone came to know who the "thief"really wasUnit 6 The MindLesson AVocabulary Link：B11、My memories of school are mostly happy/unhappybecause ...2、My favorite song is ..., it reminds me of ...3、I didn't believe it when ...4、I usually remember/forget things such as ...5、I find it helpful to ... when I am trying tomemorize new English wordsListening：Activity 1-ArememberActivity 1-BActivity 1-C1、Two tips. One is to label things in English. The other is to make a note of related words.2、You can rent a film and see it at home.Activity 2-A231Activity 2-B1、no one2、couldn't run3、can't swimActivity 3-A1、pink2、pillars3、living room4、large5、stereo system6、wasn‘tActivity 3-B1、T2、F My best friends were all there. They spoke to me and smiled didn't speak or smile.3、F There were a few all kinds of kitchen equipment in the kitchen.4、F The whole family was standing sitting around the table, waiting for a meal to be served.5、TActivity 3-C1、The storyteller heard a voice saying: "welcome home." and she realized the dream house was hers.2、She thought her dream was turning into a nightmare because her friends suddenly disappeared and it was scary.3、She liked the food processor most because it makes life much easier.4、She saw the stove was broken and that there was no electricity. She also saw the children were cryingbecause they were hungry. She felt bad and wanted to help prepare a meal but began to despair when she found the refrigerator was empty.Activity 4-A2513 and 4Activity 4-B1、Four or five times.2、Stages 3 and 4.3、Fifteen to sixteen hours a day.4、Sleep is very important for learning.Activity 5-A1、many times2、don't remember3、very active4、gods5、Greeks and RomansActivity 5-B1、T2、F3、FActivity 5-C（1）definite answers（2）Why do you dream（3）a person’s mind（4）husband or wife（5）start a business（6）thoughts and feelings（7）strange or confusing（8）think about the events in the dream （9）feel free or want freedom（10）feel afraidPronunciation：BSpeaking & Communication：Activity 1-A1、Yes, they're here in my pocket.2、They're not in my pocket.3、I don't think so.4、Maybe they're in your backpack. Global Viewpoints：How's your memory?-Before You Watch1、code2、characteristic3、memory4、imageHow's your memory?-While You Watch-A1、imagesnumbers2、numbers3、numberslanguages4、names5、namesStrange dreams-While You Watch A1、T2、F Malinda had a nightmare that she was lost in a city forest.3、T4、F Woo Sung had a dream that birds dinosaurs were chasing him.5、F Dan dreamed that a dinosaur bird ate him. Strange dreams-While You Watch BLast night I had a dream about a friend who's living very far away from me. When I woke up I felt sadbecause I miss her.City Living：Preview-B1、night2、pajamas3、a man4、liked5、understandsWhile You Watch-A51342While You Watch-BWhile You Watch-C1、Roberto was not sure about what happened in hisdream.2、He thought it was weird because he was wearing pajamas in the daytime.3、Claudia encouraged Roberto to recall his dream. She said "Come on! Try!"While You Watch-D（1）I'm not sure（2）He reminded me of（3）and then（4）No! Really（5）Do you remember（6）I'm sure of it（7）thinkWhile You Watch-E（1）I got it（2）shook my hand（3）like this（4）ballet dancer（5）I woke up（6）Why（7）They were a surpriseWhile You Watch-F1、I am surprised by the ending. It is a real coincidence that Roberto dreamed about tickets and ballet dancing when, unknown to him, Claudia had got two tickets to the New York City Ballet.2、I think Claudio and Roberto will go to the Ballet together.After You Watch-A1、B2、A3、B4、AAfter You Watch-B·It was daytime but he was in the street in his pajamas. He stopped a man and asked him where to buy a ticket. He and the man talked and laughed a lot. The man reminded him of Mike. Then the man hugged Roberto, shook Roberto's hand, and began to dance like a ballet dancer. Roberto thought the dream was really weird·Claudia said, "This is so scary." Then she showedRoberto a surprise she had for him —two tickets for the New York City BalletUnit 7 Let’s Celebrate！Lesson AVocabulary LinkA21、before2、manbe3、live near each other4、gifts5、on a warm, sunny day6、your family and relatives7、stay overnight8、keep a secretListening：Activity 1-ABActivity 1-B1、B2、A3、CActivity 1-C1、Another company.2、A bachelor party and a big family reunion.3、He's excited about it and he likes the job. Activity 2-A2413Activity 2-B（1）it was a lot of fun（2）to rent（3）loud and beautiful（4）The only bad part for him（5）from too much dancing（6）some beautiful floats go down the river Activity 2-C2431Activity 2-D（1）traveling through India （2）best memories（3）water pistol（4）shot everyone（5）a mess（6）come out ofActivity 3-A1、C2、AActivity 3-BMDMMDActivity 3-C（1）gets very crowded（2）after you arrive（3）The most important event（4）be sure to find a good place to sit（5）just relax and have fun（6）before（7）after the parade finishesActivity 4-A1、F2、F3、T4、T5、F6、TActivity 4-B1、Before Mardi Gras even begins, there are over 70 parades of dazzling floats.2、Start making reservations in August. Don't wait until January.3、Many streets are closed to cars, and bus and streetcar schedules are often changed.4、Get there early, about four hours ahead of any bigparades. For the Sunday night parade, find a space in the morning.5、You might need a jacket, sunglasses, an umbrella, or all three.6、People ride on floats in the parades and give "throws" to the crowd.Activity 5-ABActivity 5-B1、T2、F A movie about Pete came out in 1995 1993.3、T4、F Pete rarely sees usually sees his shadow. Activity 5-C1、A groundhog is a small animal covered with brown fur. It lives in a hole in the ground and stays underground during the winter2、Every February 2, local people and sightseers in the town of Punxsutawney watch for Pete, a groundhog, to come out of its hole. If it comes out, GroundhogDay is celebrated with a barbecue, a colorful festival in the park, a souvenir show and sale and even a storytelling festival.3、People think it means the weather will continue tobe cold for at least six weeks.4、The weather in February in Punxsutawney isgenerally cold and will continue to be cold for another six to eight weeks.5、People would be disappointed if Pete didn't appear.PronunciationB1、Do you want to2、Would you like to3、Would you like to4、Do you want toLesson BGlobal Viewpoints：What a party!-Before You WatchWhat a party!-While You Watch A1、T2、FAt the party Alejandra went to, everyone wore formal summer or casual clothes.3、FThere were 28 38 people at Dennis's birthday party.4、T5、FDennis's friends Dennis cooked the food for his birthday party.。
第二十二章复发性多软骨炎新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院滕玉芬复发性多软骨炎（Relapsing Polychondritis，RP）是一种较少见的炎性破坏性自身免疫病，其特点是软骨组织炎性破坏呈反复发作和缓解的进展性病变。
表现为耳、鼻、喉、气管、眼、关节、心脏瓣膜等器官及血管等结缔组织受累。
本病好发于白种人，国外报告，发病率约为3.5/百万人。
任何年龄均可发病，但多数发病年龄为30～60岁。
无性别及家族性发病的倾向。
第一节病因和发病机理至今病因和发病机理不明，可能是软骨基质受外伤、炎症、过敏等因素的影响暴露出抗原性，导致机体对软骨局部或有共同基质成分的组织的免疫反应，也有人认为与中胚层合成障碍或蛋白水解酶异常有关，通过多年来对临床特点，实验室检查和病理的研究，越来越多的资料提示它是一种免疫介导的疾病。
包括体液免疫和细胞免疫。
1.25％～30％RP病例合并其他自身免疫性疾病。
2.血清学检查可见Ⅱ型胶原抗体，部分RP病例抗ANA、类风湿因子（RF），循环免疫复合物（CIC）阳性。
3.用Ⅱ型胶原免疫啮齿类动物可见到耳部软骨和多关节软骨的炎性改变。
4.观察到RP病例对软骨抗原的细胞介导的特异性免疫增强。
5.通过直接免疫荧光检查观察到在受累的软骨有免疫球蛋白和补体的沉积。
6.RP与HLA-DR4相关。
7.Buker等最近报道，Matrilin-1的抗原可能参与了RP的发病机制。
它是一种软骨机制蛋白，为成年人气管、耳和鼻软骨所特有。
8.糖皮质激素或免疫抑制剂治疗有效。
总之，RP患者机体产生了针对Ⅱ型胶原的自身免疫反应，造成软骨破坏。
另外，软骨糖蛋白、弹性蛋白及其它胶原也可诱发自身免疫反应。
软骨糖蛋白抗原广泛存在与巩膜、虹膜睫状体、气管、视神经、内皮细胞、主动脉血管中层结缔组织，心脏瓣膜、心肌纤维、肾小球基底膜，滑膜等。
临床上这些器官、组织均可受累，可以证明软骨糖蛋白抗体可诱发软骨变性，滑膜炎和软骨炎。
第二节病理1.软骨早期表现为基质呈局灶性或弥漫性丧失，伴软骨组织周围炎细胞浸润；晚期表现为软骨变性、坏死、溶解、液化并出现肉芽组织，最后残余的软骨组织消失，肉芽组织纤维化，疤痕形成收缩，组织塌陷变形。
