2018年翻硕考研之中华文化术语翻译整理

2018考研翻译硕士：中国文化概论考点整理(2) 2018考研，翻译硕士属于语言类学科，热词是翻译硕士必考的一部分。

每年都会有很多新颖词汇，以下是小编为大家整理的翻译硕士考研：中国文化概论考点整理(2)，希望能帮助到大家。

第一章中国传统社会和文化的总体概貌中国传统社会的基本特征：自给自足的自然经济和血缘宗法伦理制度第一节中国传统社会特征之一：农业自然经济自然经济：以自给自足为生产目的的一种经济模式，与以交换为目的，以营利为宗旨的商品经济相对立。

自然经济的基础和特点：农业与家庭手工业相结合。

是社会生产力水平低下和社会分工不发达的产物，占统治地位的是使用价值，而不是交换价值。

发展：母系氏族公社时期(原始农业的开端)-------夏末至商代(由原始氏族公社变为奴隶主贵族庄园)------周代初期(土地分封制)-------秦时期封建国家形成(自然经济起决定作用)封建经济的基础：分散的个体生产。

耕织结合构成了以家庭为主的经济单位的主要的经济活动内容。

小农经济占统治地位的原因：1. 重农抑商政策2. 由中国传统土地所有制和统治者残酷的经济剥削造成3. 由孔孟儒学灌输的与统治者重农抑商政策一致的重农抑商思想所致春秋战国时期就出现了“独立自由”的手工业者与商人历代官府手工业也属于自然经济的性质范畴。

第二节中国传统社会特征之二：血缘宗法制度一、含义：宗”：与祭祀之庙宇有关，有宗社之义，是中国文化祖先崇拜的代码“族”：在血统上相联系的人祖先崇拜与血缘关系成为中国传统社会存在的核心，形成血缘宗法制二、形成宗法制度渊源可以追溯到原始父系氏族公社或家庭公社时期-----“家天下”(形成于商，完善于周)在国家最初形成过程中，血缘与国家政权紧密结合形成宗法世袭制。

商朝仍是“家天下”，国家形式仍是以王为首的奴隶主贵族政体。

西周完善和实行了以血缘关系为核心的分土封侯制度。

土地分封制和血缘宗法制构成周朝的社会制度和政权机构。

春秋末期，孔孟要恢复周礼。

翻译硕士考研：中华思想文化术语翻译选读——小人本内容凯程崔老师有重要贡献小人(xiǎorén)“小人”最初用以表明人的社会身份与地位，通常指被统治者或地位低下之人。

后世又以人的德行高下来界定“小人”。

德行卑下者被称作“小人”(与“君子”相对)，“小人”只关注和追逐个人的权力或利益，为了获取私利不惜违背道义，缺乏对“道”的理解与尊重。

Petty ManThe term was originally used to indicate a person’s social status, usually referring to the rulers’subjects or those low in social ranking. Later generations also used the term to indicate one’s moral standard in a disapproving way. Those of base character were called petty men as opposed to men of virtue. A petty man only pursues his personal interests or profits, even by violating morality and righteousness; and such people have no understanding of or regard for Dao.********************************************【引例】君子喻于义，小人喻于利。

(《论语•里仁》)A man of virtue understands and observes what is morally right; while a petty man only has his eyes on and goes after what brings him personal gains. (The Analects)苟安务得，所以为小人。

1. 元宵节：Lantern Festival2. 刺绣：embroidery3. 重阳节：Double-Ninth Festival4. 清明节：Tomb sweeping day5. 剪纸：Paper Cutting6. 书法：Calligraphy7. 对联：(Spring Festival) Couplets8. 象形文字：Pictograms/Pictographic Characters9. 人才流动：Brain Drain/Brain Flow10. 四合院：Siheyuan/Quadrangle11. 战国：Warring States12. 风水：Fengshui/Geomantic Omen13. 铁饭碗：Iron Bowl14. 函授部：The Correspondence Department15. 集体舞：Group Dance16. 黄土高原：Loess Plateau17. 红白喜事：Weddings and Funerals18. 中秋节：Mid-Autumn Day19. 结婚证：Marriage Certificate20. 儒家文化：Confucian Culture21. 附属学校：Affiliated school22. 古装片：Costume Drama23. 武打片：Chinese Swordplay Movie24. 元宵：T angyuan/Sweet Rice Dumpling (Soup)25. 一国两制：One Country, Two Systems26. 火锅：Hot Pot27. 四人帮：Gang of Four28. 《诗经》：The Book of Songs29. 素质教育：Essential-qualities-oriented Education30. 《史记》：Historical Records/Records of the Grand Historian31. 大跃进：Great Leap Forward (Movement)32. 《西游记》：The Journey to the West33. 除夕：Chinese New Year’s Eve/Eve of the Spring Festival34. 针灸：Acupuncture35. 唐三彩：Tri-color Pottery of the T ang Dynasty/ The T ang Tri-colored pottery36. 中国特色的社会主义：Chinese-charactered Socialist/Socialist with Chinese characteristics37. 偏旁：radical38. 孟子：Mencius39. 亭/阁：Pavilion/ Attic40. 大中型国有企业：Large and Medium-sized State-owned Enterprises41. 火药：gunpowder42. 农历：Lunar Calendar43. 印/玺：Seal/Stamp44. 物质精神文明建设：The Construction of Material Civilization and Spiritual Civilization45. 京剧：Beijing Opera/Peking Opera46. 秦腔：Crying of Qin People/Qin Opera47. 太极拳：T ai Chi48. 独生子女证：The Certificate of One-child49. 天坛：Altar of Heaven in Beijing50. 小吃摊：Snack Bar/Snack Stand51. 红双喜：Double Happiness52. 政治辅导员：Political Counselor/School Counselor53. 春卷：Spring Roll(s)54. 莲藕：Lotus Root55. 追星族：Star Struck56. 故宫博物院：The Palace Museum57. 相声：Cross-talk/Comic Dialogue58. 下岗：Lay off/Laid off59. 北京烤鸭：Beijing Roast Duck60. 高等自学考试：Self-taught Examination of Higher Education61. 烟花爆竹：fireworks and firecracker62. 敦煌莫高窟：Mogao Caves63. 电视小品：TV Sketch/TV Skit64. 香港澳门同胞：Compatriots from Hong Kong and Macao65. 文化大革命：Cultural Revolution66. 长江中下游地区：The Mid-low Reaches of Yangtze River67. 门当户对：Perfect Match/Exact Match68. 《水浒》：Water Margin/Outlaws of the Marsh69. 中外合资企业：Joint Ventures70. 文房四宝（笔墨纸砚）："The Four Treasure of the Study" "Brush, Inkstick, Paper, and Inkstone",。

2018考研翻译硕士：中国传统文化常识(3) 2018考研，翻译硕士属于语言类学科，热词是翻译硕士必考的一部分。

每年都会有很多新颖词汇，以下是小编为大家整理的翻译硕士考研复习资料：中国传统文化常识(3),希望能帮助到大家。

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2018考研翻译硕士：中国文化概论考点整理(1) 2018考研，翻译硕士属于语言类学科，热词是翻译硕士必考的一部分。

每年都会有很多新颖词汇，以下是小编为大家整理的翻译硕士考研：中国文化概论考点整理(1)，希望能帮助到大家。

第一部分《中国文化概论》考点整理
绪论
关乎人文以化成天下
第一节文化的概念、分类、结构与功能
一、文化的含义
“文”：各色交错的纹理
“化”：事物动态的变化过程
“文化”合用，见于《易 贲卦》
对文化三个层次的理解：
1. 涵盖人类所有文明成果的大文化观
2. 人类精神文化方面的创造性成果
3. 以文学、艺术、音乐、戏剧等为主的艺术文化
马克思认为：
1. 文化是自然的人化
文化的核心问题是人
2. 文化是人的全部社会关系的总和
文化产生的基础：人与人之间的社会联系
二、分类与结构
(一) 物质生产文化
(二) 制度行为文化
(三) 精神心理文化
三、功能
(一) 记录功能
(二) 认知功能
(三) 传播功能：言语、文字、实物等各种传播手段
(四) 教化功能
(五) 凝聚功能：中华民族文化的凝聚功能，主要表现为伟大的爱国主义。

(六) 调控功能：手段有——巫术图腾、道德宗法、法律暴力
第二节中国传统文化与理想人格
一、三元会通的中国文化
由中国传统文化、马列主义文化、西方文化三元汇一
二、中国传统文化的理想人格与人生境界
中国传统文化人生理想境界论的最重要的特征是对人生的热爱
人生理想境界是“与天地合其德”，核心内容是仁。

口译分类词汇——中国文化口译分类词汇——中国文化概述General Terms爱国主义精神patriotism诚实守信honesty公民道德建设实施纲要The Program for Improving Civic Morality集体主义collectivism弘扬主旋律，提倡多样化highlight the central theme of the times while encouraging diversity全民健身运动nationwide fitness campaign社会公德，职业道德和家庭美德教育education in social and professional ethics and family virtues为人民服务serving the people深入群众，深入生活go deep among the masses and into the thick of life 奉献无愧于时代的作品contribute to the people works worthy of the times 中华文明博大精深，源远流长The Chinese civilization is extensive and profound , and has a long history 重要文化遗产major cultural heritage优秀民间艺术outstanding folk arts自立于世界民族之林stand proudly in the family of nations艺术及工艺Arts and Crafts版画engraving贝雕画shell carving picture彩塑painted sculpture瓷器porcelain; china刺绣embroidery雕刻carving宫灯palace lantern国画Chinese painting剪纸paper-cut景德镇瓷Jingdezhen porcelain景泰蓝cloisonné enamel蜡染batik卖秸画straw patchwork木/石/竹刻wood/stone/bamboo carving木刻画wood engraving泥人儿clay figure皮影shadow puppet漆画lacquer painting漆器lacquer ware双面绣two-sided embroidery水墨画Chinese brush drawing ; ink and wash painting檀香扇sandalwood fan唐三彩Tang tri-colored pottery陶器pottery ; earthenware图章seal拓碑making rubbings from inscriptions , pictures , etc . on stone tablets拓片rubbing微雕miniature engraving象牙雕刻ivory carving宜兴陶Yixing pottery篆刻seal cutting戏剧表演Theatrical Performances京剧人物脸谱types of facial makeup in Beijing opera生male characters末middle-aged male characters净“painted face” characters旦female characters丑clown京剧票友amateur performer of Peking Opera木偶戏puppet show独角戏monodrama; one-man play皮影戏shadow play ; leather-silhouette show折子戏opera highlights戏剧小品skit哑剧dumb show ; mime ; mummery ; pantomime单口相声monologue comic talk双口相声witty dialogue口技vocal imitations ; ventriloquism说书monologue story-telling杂技acrobatic performance叠罗汉making a human pyramid特技stunt睬高跷stilt walk马戏circus performances神话人物Mythological Figures八仙the Eight Immortals嫦娥Chang’s ( the Chinese moon goddess)伏羲Fu Xi (God of Fishery and Husbandry)福禄寿三星the three gods of fortune , prosperity and longevity 共工God of Water后羿Houyi (a legendary hero who shot down nine suns ) 黄帝Yellow Emperor夸父Kuafu (a fabled sun-chasing giant )女Goddess of Sky-patching盘古Pan Gu (creator of the universe )神农Patron of Agriculture禹Yu ( the reputed founder of the Xia Dynasty )祝融God of Fire古代建筑Ancient Architecture塔pagoda琉璃塔glazed stupa舍利塔dagoba ; sarira stupa ( a pagoda for Buddhist relics )舍利子sarira remains from cremation of Buddha’s of saints’ body 喇叭塔Lamaist pagoda楼storied buildings钟楼bell tower鼓楼drum tower阁pavilion烽火台beacon tower华表ornamental column牌坊memorial archway传统节日Traditional Festivals拜年paying a New Year call爆竹firecracker鞭炮 a string of small firecrackers除夕New Year’s Eve春节Spring Festival春联Spring Festival couplets (conveying best wishes for the year ) 辞旧迎新bid farewell to the old and usher in the new ; ring out the old year and ring in the new大扫除year-end household cleaning灯谜lantern riddles登高hill climbing端午节Dragon Boat Festival恭喜发财May you be prosperous! / Wish you all the best !观灯viewing the lanterns贺年片New Year film饺子dumplings (with meat and vegetable stuffing )龙灯舞dragon lantern dance庙会temple fair年画New Year picture年夜饭family reunion dinner on Lunar New Year’s Eve清明节Tomb-sweeping Festival扫墓paying respect to the dead赏菊enjoying chrysanthemum赏月enjoying the full moon狮子舞lion dance压岁钱money given to children as a Lunar New Year gift秧歌舞yangge dance元宵sweet rice-flour dumplings (eaten on the Lantern Festival ) 元宵节Lantern Festival月饼moon cake植树节Tree-planting Day中秋节Mid-autumn Festival重阳节Double Ninth Festival粽子 a pyramid-shaped dumpling made of glutinous rice wrapped in bamboo or reed leaves烹饪Culinary Arts美食节gourmet festival中餐烹饪Chinese cuisine色，香，味俱全perfect combination of color , aroma , taste and appearance四大菜系：山东菜，四川菜，粤菜，扬州菜four major Chinese cuisines: Shandong cuisine , Sichuan cuisine , Canton cuisine and Yangzhoucuisine南淡北咸，东甜西辣the light southern cuisine , and the salty northern cuisine ;the sweet eastern cuisine , and the spicy western cuisine八宝菜eight-treasure pickles ( assorted walnut meats , asparagus , lettuce , almonds , cucumber and peanuts , etc . pickled in soy sauce )八宝饭eight-treasure rice pudding (glutinous rice steamed with preserved fruits , sweetened bean paste , lotus seeds , longan , etc.)白斩鸡tender boiled chicken (made by boiling a whole chicken in water and cutting into cubes , then dipping into seasonings )臭豆腐odd-odour bean curb粉蒸肉pork streamed with rice flour风味小吃local delicacy腐竹rolls of dried bean milk cream冷盘hors d’oeuvres萨其马Manchu candied fritter cut in squares刀切，火候Cutting and Slicing Techniques , Heat Control切片slicing切条cutting to strips切丝shredding切柳filleting切丁dicing切碎mincing磨碎grinding大/旺/武火strong heat中火medium heat小/微/文火gentle heat烹饪方法Cooking Techniques煎pan-frying炒stir-frying爆quick-frying炸deep-frying烩stewing熏smoking煨simmering煮boiling烘baking烤roasting蒸steaming红烧braising (with soy sauce ) 涮羊肉dip-boiled mutton slices 羊肉串小摊mutton barbecue stall宗教Religions佛教Buddhism释迦牟尼Sakyamuni佛寺Buddhist temple大雄宝殿the Great Buddha’s Hall藏经楼depositary of Buddhist texts金刚经Vajracchedika-sutra素菜馆vegetarian restaurant罗汉堂arhat hall观音Guanyin; Goddess of Mercy; Avalokitesvara地藏God of Earth四大金刚Four Heavenly Guardians (at the entrance to a Buddhism temple);Four Devarajas四大天王Four Heavenly Kings因果报应karma藏传佛教Lamaism大藏经Tripitaka转世灵童reincarnated soul boy喇嘛庙lamasery道教Taoism道观Taoist temple道士Taoist priest关帝庙temple of Lord Guan儒教Confucianism孔子庙Confucian temple孔子Confucius义，礼，智，信，忠，恕，孝，悌rightness, propriety , wisdom , trustworthiness , loyalty , reciprocity ,filial piety , brotherly love学儿优则仕 A good scholar can become an official ./ He who excels instudy can follow an official career .禅宗Zen Buddhism不立别传，不立文字，直指人心，见性成佛。

2018考研翻译硕士：中国传统文化常识(4) 2018考研，翻译硕士属于语言类学科，热词是翻译硕士必考的一部分。

每年都会有很多新颖词汇，以下是小编为大家整理的翻译硕士考研复习资料：中国传统文化常识(4),希望能帮助到大家。

一百零一、【三皇】伏羲、女娲、神农一百零二、【五帝】太皞、炎帝、黄帝、少皞、颛顼一百零四、【三教】儒教、道教、佛教一百零五、【三清】元始天尊〖清微天玉清境〗、灵宝天尊〖禹余天上清境〗、道德天尊〖大赤天太清境〗一百零六、【四御】昊天金阙无上至尊玉皇大帝、中天紫微北极大帝、勾陈上宫天后皇大帝、承天效法土皇地祗一百零七、【八仙】铁拐李、钟离权、张果老、吕洞宾、何仙姑、蓝采和、韩湘子、曹国舅一百零八、【龙九子】辟玺负碑、螭吻望守、蒲牢盘钟、狴犴守拱、睚眦化刃、饕餮潜器、鲅夏匐阶、狻猊伴鼓、椒图衔环一百零九、【过去七佛】释迦牟尼佛、拘那含佛、毗舍婆佛、毗婆尸佛、尸弃佛、拘楼孙佛、迦叶佛一百一十、【八菩萨】观音菩萨、普贤菩萨、文殊菩萨、地藏王菩萨、灵吉菩萨、大势至菩萨、日光菩萨、月光菩萨一百一十一、【十大弟子】舍利弗(智慧第一)、目犍连(神通第一)、阿难陀(多闻第一)、优波离(持戒第一)、阿那律(天眼第一)、大迦叶(头陀第一)、富楼那(说法第一)、迦旃延(论议第一)、罗睺罗(密行第一)、须菩提(解空第一)一百一十二、【十八罗汉】布袋罗汉、长眉罗汉、芭蕉罗汉、沉思罗汉、伏虎罗汉、过江罗汉、欢喜罗汉、降龙罗汉、郊游罗汉、举钵罗汉、开心罗汉、看门罗汉、骑象罗汉、探手罗汉、托塔罗汉、挖耳罗汉、笑狮罗汉、坐鹿罗汉一百一十三、【XXXXX伽蓝】美音、梵音、天鼓、叹妙、叹美、摩妙、雷音、师子、妙叹、梵响、人音、佛奴、颂德、广目、妙眼、彻听、彻视、遍视一百一十四、【二十八星宿】东官苍龙：〖角木蛟〗、〖亢金龙〗、〖氐土貉〗、〖房日兔〗、〖心月狐〗、〖尾火虎〗、〖箕水豹〗北官玄武：〖斗水獬〗、〖牛金牛〗、〖女土蝠〗、〖虚日鼠〗、〖危月燕〗、〖室火猪〗、〖壁水狳〗西官白虎：〖奎木狼〗、〖娄金狗〗、〖胃土雉〗、〖昂日鸡〗、〖毕月乌〗、〖觜火猴〗、〖参水猿〗南官朱雀：〖井水犴〗、〖鬼金羊〗、〖柳土獐〗、〖星日马〗、〖张月鹿〗、〖翼火蛇〗、〖轸水蚓〗一百一十五、【十殿阎王】[第一殿] 秦广王、[第二殿] 楚江王、[第三殿] 宋帝王、[第四殿] 五官王、[第五殿] 阎罗王、[第六殿] 卞城王、[第七殿] 泰山王、[第八殿] 都市王、[第九殿] 平等王、[第十殿] 转轮王一百一十六、【二十四诸天】大梵天王、帝释尊天、多闻天王、持国天王、增长天王、广目天王、密迹金刚、大自在天、散脂大将、大辩才天、大功德天、韦陀天神，、坚牢地神、菩提树神、鬼子母神、摩利支天、日宫天子、月官天子、娑竭罗龙、阎摩罗王、紧那罗、紫微大帝、东岳大帝、雷神一百一十七、【易经八卦】乾为天、坤为地、水雷屯、山水蒙、水天需、天水讼、地水师、水地比、风天小畜、天泽履、地天泰、天地否、天火同人、火天大有、地山谦、雷地豫、泽雷随、山风蛊、地泽临、风地观、火雷噬嗑、山火贲、山地剥、地雷复、天雷旡妄、山天大畜、山雷颐、泽风大过、坎为水、离为火、泽山咸、雷风恒、天山遯、雷天大壮、火地晋、地火明夷、、风火家人、火泽睽、水山蹇、雷水解、山泽损、风雷益、泽天夬、天风姤、泽地萃、地风升、泽水困、水风井、泽火革、火风鼎、震为雷、艮为山、风山渐、雷泽归妹、雷火丰、火山旅、巽为风、兑为泽、风水涣、水泽节、风泽中孚、雷山小过、水火既济、火水未济一百一十八、【十八层地狱】[第一层]泥犁地狱、[第二层]刀山地狱、[第三层]沸沙地狱、[第四层]沸屎地狱、[第五层]黑身地狱、[第六层]火车地狱、[第七层]镬汤地狱、[第八层]铁床地狱、[第九层]盖山地狱、[第十层]寒冰地狱、[第十一层]剥皮地狱、[第十二层]畜生地狱、[第十三层]刀兵地狱、[第十四层]铁磨地狱、[第十五层]冰地狱、[第十六层]铁册地狱、[第十七层]蛆虫地狱、[第XXXXX层]烊铜地狱另：第一层：拔舌地狱。

中国传统文化专用词汇英文翻译常见中国传统文化专用词汇英文翻译1、中国意念词(Chinesenesses)八卦trigram阴、阳yin, yang道Dao(cf. logo)江湖(世界) the jianghu World (the traits’ world)e.g. You can’t control everything in a traits’ world. (人在江湖，身不由己)道Daoism(Taoism)上火excessive internal heat儒学Confucianism红学(《红楼梦》研究) redology世外桃源Shangri-la or Arcadia开放kaifang (Chinese openness to the outside world)大锅饭getting an equal share regardless of the work done伤痕文学scar literature or the literature of the wounded 不搞一刀切no imposing uniformity on …合乎国情，顺乎民意to conform with the national conditions and the will of the people乱摊派，乱收费imposition of arbitrary quotas and service charge铁交椅iron (lifetime) post’s; guaranteed leading post脱贫to shake off poverty; anti-poverty治则兴，乱则衰Order leads to prosperity and chaos to decline2 、中华民族的喜庆节日(Chinese Festivial)国庆节National Day中秋节Mid-Autumn Day/Festival 春节Spring Festival元宵节Lantern Festival儿童节Children’s Day端午节Dragon Boat Festival妇女节Women’s Day泼水节Water-Splashing Day教师节Teachers’ Day五四青年节Youth Day3、中国独特的传统饮食(Unique Traditional Chinese Foods)馄饨wonton锅贴guotie (fried jiaozi)花卷steamed twisted rolls套餐set meal盒饭box lunch; Chinese take-away 米豆腐rice tofu魔芋豆腐konjak tofu米粉rice noodles 冰糖葫芦 a stick of sugar-coated haws (or apples,etc.) 火锅chafing dish八宝饭eight-treasure rice pudding粉丝glass noodles豆腐脑jellied bean curd4 、中国新兴事物(Newly Sprouted Things)中国电信China Telecom中国移动China Mobile十五计划the 10th Five-Year Plan中国电脑联网Chinanet 三峡工程the Three Gorges Project希望工程Project Hope京九铁路Beijing CKowloon Railway扶贫工程Anti-Poverty Project菜篮子工程Vegetable Basket Project温饱工程Decent-Life Project安居工程Economy Housing Project扫黄Porn-Purging Campaign西部大开发Go-West Campaign5 、特有的一些汉语词汇禅宗Zen Buddhism禅dhyana; dhgaya混沌chaos道Daosim, the way and its power四谛Four Noble Truth 八正道Eightfold Path无常anity五行说Theory of Five Elements无我anatman坐禅metta or transcendental meditation空sunyata虚无nothingness双喜double happiness(中)，a doubled stroke of luck(英)小品witty skits相声cross-talk噱头；掉包袱gimmick, stunt夜猫子night people; night-owls本命年this animal year of sb.处世之道philosophy of life姻缘yinyuan(prefixed fate of marriage)还愿redeem a wish (vows)6 、具有文化特色的现代表述大陆中国Mainland China红宝书little red book红色中国socialist China四化Four Modernizations终生职业job-for-life铁饭碗iron rice bowl大锅饭communal pot关系户closely-related units外出打工人员migrant workers关系网personal nets, closely-knitted guild五讲(讲文明、讲礼貌、讲卫生、讲秩序、讲道德)：the Five Merits focus on decorum, manners, hygiene, disciplines and morals四美(心灵美、语言美、行为美、环境美)：the Four Virtues are golden heart, refined language, civilized behavior, and green environment7 、中国古代独特事物(Unique Ancient Chinese Items)宣纸rice paper衙门yamen叩头kowtow孔子Confucius 牌楼pailou；pai-loo武术wushu(Chinese Martial Arts) 功夫kungfu ；kung fu中庸the way of medium (cf. Golden Means)中和harmony (zhonghe)孝顺to show filial obedience孝子dutiful son家长family head三纲：君为臣纲，父为子纲，夫为妻纲three cardinal guides: ruler guides subject, father guides son husband guides wife五常：仁、义、理、智、信five constant virtues: benevolence (humanity), righteousness, propriety, wisdom and fidelity 八股文eight-legged essays多子多福：The more sons/children, the more blessing/ great happiness养儿防老：raising sons to support one in one’s old age8、近一季度见诸报端的中国现代特色词汇翻译基层监督grass-roots supervision基础税率base tariff level婚介所matrimonial agency婚外恋extramarital love婚纱摄影bride photo黑心棉shoddy cotton机器阅卷machine scoring即开型奖券scratch-open ticket/lottery 集中精力把经济建设搞上去go all out for economic development价格听证会public price hearings甲A球队Division A Soccer Team家政服务household management service加强舆论监督ensure the correct orientation is maintained in public opinion假帐accounting fraud叫板challenge; pick a quarrel矫情use lame arguments渐进式台独gradual Taiwan independence借调temporarily transfer扩大中等收入者比重Raise the proportion of the middle-income group.扩大内需，刺激消费expand domestic demand and consumption“民族传统”的必背考点一、对龙图腾他的崇拜在中国大约已绵延了八千多年。

中国文化相关词汇英文翻译元宵节:Lantern Festival刺绣：embroidery重阳节：Double-Ninth Festival清明节：Tomb sweeping day剪纸:Paper Cutting书法：Calligraphy对联:（Spring Festival）Couplets象形文字：Pictograms/Pictographic Characters人才流动：Brain Drain/Brain Flow四合院：Siheyuan/Quadrangle战国:Warring States风水：Fengshui/Geomantic Omen铁饭碗：Iron Bowl函授部:The Correspondence Department集体舞：Group Dance黄土高原：Loess Plateau红白喜事:Weedings and Funerals中秋节：Mid-Autumn Day结婚证：Marriage Certificate儒家文化：Confucian Culture附属学校：Affiliated school古装片：Costume Drama武打片：Chinese Swordplay Movie元宵:Tangyuan/Sweet Rice Dumpling（Soup）一国两制:One Country，Two Systems火锅：Hot Pot四人帮：Gang of Four《诗经》：The Book of Songs素质教育：Essential—qualities-Oriental Education《史记》：Historical Records/Records of the Grand Historian大跃进:Great Leap Forward(Movement）《西游记》：The Journey to the West除夕:Chinese New Year’s Eve/Eve of the Spring Festival针灸：Acupuncture唐三彩:Tri-color Pottery of the Tang Dynasty/The Tang Tri—colored pottery中国特色的社会主义:Chinese-charactered Socialist/Socialist with Chinese characteristics偏旁：radical孟子：Mencius亭/阁：Pavilion/Attic大中型国有企业：Large and Medium-sized State-owned Enterprises火药：gunpowder农历：Lunar Calendar印/玺：Seal/Stamp物质精神文明建设：The Construction of Material Civilization and Spiritual Civilization 京剧：Beijing Opera/Peking Opera秦腔：Crying of Qin People/Qin Opera太极拳：Tai Chi独生子女证：The Certificate of One—child天坛:Altar of Heaven in Beijing小吃摊：Snack Bar/Snack Stand红双喜：Double Happiness政治辅导员：Political Counselor/School Counselor春卷:Spring Roll(s)莲藕:Lotus Root追星族：Star Struck故宫博物院：The Palace Museum相声：Cross-talk/Comic Dialogue下岗:Lay off/Laid off北京烤鸭:Beijing Roast Duck高等自学考试：Self-taught Examination of Higher Education烟花爆竹：fireworks and firecracker敦煌莫高窟：Mogao Caves电视小品：TV Sketch/TV Skit香港澳门同胞：Compatriots from Hong Kong and Macao文化大革命：Cultural Revolution长江中下游地区：The Mid—low Reaches of Yangtze River门当户对：Perfect Match/Exact Match《水浒》：Water Margin/Outlaws of the Marsh中外合资企业：Joint Ventures文房四宝(笔墨纸砚）：The Four Treasure of the Study：Brush,Inkstick，Paper，and Inkstone兵马俑：cotta Warriors/Terracotta Army 旗袍：cheongsam光棍节:Single day相亲谎言：Blind date lie北京精神：Beijing spirit鱼疗：Fish pedicure白名单：White list后窗文化:Rear window culture垃圾时尚：Trashion放养老公：Free—range husband常见中国传统文化专用词汇英文翻译1.中国意念词（Chinesenesses)八卦：trigram阴、阳：Yin，Yang道：Dao（cf。

口译分类词汇——中国文化概述General Terms爱国主义精神patriotism诚实守信honesty公民道德建设实施纲要The Program for Improving Civic Morality集体主义collectivism弘扬主旋律，提倡多样化highlight the central theme of the times while encouraging diversity 全民健身运动nationwide fitness campaign社会公德，职业道德和家庭美德教育education in social and professional ethics and family virtues为人民服务serving the people深入群众，深入生活go deep among the masses and into the thick of life奉献无愧于时代的作品contribute to the people works worthy of the times中华文明博大精深，源远流长The Chinese civilization is extensive and profound , and has a long history重要文化遗产major cultural heritage优秀民间艺术outstanding folk arts自立于世界民族之林stand proudly in the family of nations艺术及工艺Arts and Crafts版画engraving贝雕画shell carving picture彩塑painted sculpture瓷器porcelain; china刺绣embroidery雕刻carving宫灯palace lantern国画Chinese painting剪纸paper-cut景德镇瓷Jingdezhen porcelainenamel景泰蓝cloisonné蜡染batik卖秸画straw patchwork木/石/竹刻wood/stone/bamboo carving木刻画wood engraving泥人儿clay figure皮影shadow puppet漆画lacquer painting漆器lacquer ware双面绣two-sided embroidery水墨画Chinese brush drawing ; ink and wash painting檀香扇sandalwood fan唐三彩Tang tri-colored pottery陶器pottery ; earthenware图章seal拓碑making rubbings from inscriptions , pictures , etc . on stone tablets 拓片rubbing微雕miniature engraving象牙雕刻ivory carving宜兴陶Yixing pottery篆刻seal cutting戏剧表演Theatrical Performances京剧人物脸谱types of facial makeup in Beijing opera生male characters末middle-aged male characters净“painted face” characters旦female characters丑clown京剧票友amateur performer of Peking Opera木偶戏puppet show独角戏monodrama; one-man play皮影戏shadow play ; leather-silhouette show折子戏opera highlights戏剧小品skit哑剧dumb show ; mime ; mummery ; pantomime单口相声monologue comic talk双口相声witty dialogue口技vocal imitations ; ventriloquism说书monologue story-telling杂技acrobatic performance叠罗汉making a human pyramid特技stunt睬高跷stilt walk马戏circus performances神话人物Mythological Figures八仙the Eight Immortals嫦娥Chang’s ( the Chinese moon goddess)伏羲Fu Xi (God of Fishery and Husbandry)福禄寿三星the three gods of fortune , prosperity and longevity 共工God of Water后羿Houyi (a legendary hero who shot down nine suns ) 黄帝Yellow Emperor夸父Kuafu (a fabled sun-chasing giant )女Goddess of Sky-patching盘古Pan Gu (creator of the universe )神农Patron of Agriculture禹Yu ( the reputed founder of the Xia Dynasty )祝融God of Fire古代建筑Ancient Architecture塔pagoda琉璃塔glazed stupa舍利塔dagoba ; sarira stupa ( a pagoda for Buddhist relics )舍利子sarira remains from cremation of Buddha’s of saints’ body喇叭塔Lamaist pagoda楼storied buildings钟楼bell tower鼓楼drum tower阁pavilion烽火台beacon tower华表ornamental column牌坊memorial archway传统节日Traditional Festivals拜年paying a New Year call爆竹firecracker鞭炮 a string of small firecrackers除夕New Year’s Eve春节Spring Festival春联Spring Festival couplets (conveying best wishes for the year )辞旧迎新bid farewell to the old and usher in the new ; ring out the old year and ring in the new大扫除year-end household cleaning灯谜lantern riddles登高hill climbing端午节Dragon Boat Festival恭喜发财May you be prosperous! / Wish you all the best !观灯viewing the lanterns贺年片New Year film饺子dumplings (with meat and vegetable stuffing )龙灯舞dragon lantern dance庙会temple fair年画New Year picture年夜饭family reunion dinner on Lunar New Year’s Eve清明节Tomb-sweeping Festival扫墓paying respect to the dead赏菊enjoying chrysanthemum赏月enjoying the full moon狮子舞lion dance压岁钱money given to children as a Lunar New Year gift秧歌舞yangge dance元宵sweet rice-flour dumplings (eaten on the Lantern Festival )元宵节Lantern Festival月饼moon cake植树节Tree-planting Day中秋节Mid-autumn Festival重阳节Double Ninth Festival粽子 a pyramid-shaped dumpling made of glutinous rice wrapped in bamboo or reed leaves烹饪Culinary Arts美食节gourmet festival中餐烹饪Chinese cuisine色，香，味俱全perfect combination of color , aroma , taste and appearance四大菜系：山东菜，四川菜，粤菜，扬州菜four major Chinese cuisines: Shandong cuisine , Sichuan cuisine , Canton cuisine and Yangzhou cuisine南淡北咸，东甜西辣the light southern cuisine , and the salty northern cuisine ;the sweet eastern cuisine , and the spicy western cuisine八宝菜eight-treasure pickles ( assorted walnut meats , asparagus , lettuce , almonds , cucumber and peanuts , etc . pickled in soy sauce )八宝饭eight-treasure rice pudding (glutinous rice steamed with preserved fruits , sweetened bean paste , lotus seeds , longan , etc.)白斩鸡tender boiled chicken (made by boiling a whole chicken in water and cutting into cubes , then dipping into seasonings )臭豆腐odd-odour bean curb粉蒸肉pork streamed with rice flour风味小吃local delicacy腐竹rolls of dried bean milk cream冷盘hors d’oeuvres萨其马Manchu candied fritter cut in squares刀切，火候Cutting and Slicing Techniques , Heat Control切片slicing切条cutting to strips切丝shredding切柳filleting切丁dicing切碎mincing磨碎grinding大/旺/武火strong heat中火medium heat小/微/文火gentle heat烹饪方法Cooking Techniques煎pan-frying炒stir-frying爆quick-frying炸deep-frying烩stewing熏smoking煨simmering煮boiling烘baking烤roasting蒸steaming红烧braising (with soy sauce )涮羊肉dip-boiled mutton slices羊肉串小摊mutton barbecue stall宗教Religions佛教Buddhism释迦牟尼Sakyamuni佛寺Buddhist temple大雄宝殿the Great Buddha’s Hall藏经楼depositary of Buddhist texts金刚经Vajracchedika-sutra素菜馆vegetarian restaurant罗汉堂arhat hall观音Guanyin; Goddess of Mercy; Avalokitesvara地藏God of Earth四大金刚Four Heavenly Guardians (at the entrance to a Buddhism temple);Four Devarajas四大天王Four Heavenly Kings因果报应karma藏传佛教Lamaism大藏经Tripitaka转世灵童reincarnated soul boy喇嘛庙lamasery道教Taoism道观Taoist temple道士Taoist priest关帝庙temple of Lord Guan儒教Confucianism孔子庙Confucian temple孔子Confucius义，礼，智，信，忠，恕，孝，悌rightness, propriety , wisdom , trustworthiness , loyalty , reciprocity ,filial piety , brotherly love学儿优则仕 A good scholar can become an official ./ He who excels in study can follow an official career .禅宗Zen Buddhism不立别传，不立文字，直指人心，见性成佛。

MTI中国传统文化名词英译译协官网整合中国传统文化名词英译（一）并列关系名山大川famous mountains and great rivers名胜古迹scenic spots and historical sites湖光山色landscape of lakes and hills青山绿水green hills and clear waters奇松怪石strangely-shaped pines and grotesque rock formations平等互利equality and mutual benefit扬长避短play up strengths and avoid weaknesses反腐倡廉fight corruption and build a clean government简政放权streamline administration and institute decentralization集思广益draw on collective wisdom and absorb all useful ideas国泰民安the country flourish and the people live in peace and harmony政通人和the government functions well and people cooperate well国计民生national welfare and the people’s livelihood辞旧迎新bid farewell to the old year and usher in the new徇私舞弊bend the law for personal gain and engage in fraud 流连忘返linger on with no thought of leaving for home国际局势复杂多变the complex and volatile international situation开拓进取blaze new trails and forge ahead求同存异seek common ground while shelving differences（二）语意重复广袤无垠的中华大地the boundless expanse of the Chinese territory高瞻远瞩的决策a visionary/far-sighted decision贯彻落实重大决策carry out/ implement a series of major policy decisions层峦叠嶂peaks rising one after another优胜劣汰survival of the fittest延年益寿prolong o ne’s life灵丹妙药panacea / miraculous cure长治久安a long period of stability求真务实pragmatic审时度势size up the trend of events招商引资attract investment誉满全球举世闻名world-renowned功在当代，利在千秋in the interest of the current and future generations继往开来，承前启后(continue the past and open up the future ) break new ground for the future 路遥知马力，日久见人心Time will tell.吃的苦中苦，方知甜中甜no sweet without sweat车到山前必有路，船到桥头自然直in the end things mend /there’s always a way out急功近利eager for instant success and quick profits大黑扫黄crack down on gangland and pornography德高望重of high ability and integrity互利互补mutually complementary and beneficial互谅互让mutual understanding and accommodation遵纪守法observe the relevant code of conduct and the law （三）目的关系减员增效downsize (and cut payroll) to improve efficiency (forefficiency)退耕还林return cultivated land to forest or pastures集资办学raise money to set up new schools结党营私form cliques for private gain扭亏为盈turn a loss-making enterprise into a profitable one （四）途径方式寓教于乐teach through lively activities因材施教teach students according to their aptitude按劳分配distribution according to performance以商养文support /sponsor cultural activities with the profits from doing business（五）偏正词组廉洁奉公honestly perform one’s official duties环境绿化environmental greening超前消费premature consumption; Over-consume; excessive consumption以强凌弱the strong domineering over the weak以人为本people foremost; People-oriented（六）动宾关系优势互补complement each other’s advantages自主经营，自负盈亏make one’s own management decisions, take full responsibility for one’s own profits and losse s （七）条件关系不进则退no progress simply means regression（八）省略意象瞻前顾后over cautions and indecisive源远流长have a long history呕心沥血spare no efforts画龙点睛bring out the crucial point花天酒地go on the loose汗马功劳exploits闻名遐迩famous独具匠心original中流砥柱mainstay, chief cornerstone鱼米之乡a land of milk and honey世外桃源a haven of peace浩如烟海的文化典籍numerous volumes of literature ________________________________________1．元宵节：Lantern Festival2. 刺绣：embroidery3. 重阳节：Double-Ninth Festival4. 清明节：Tomb sweeping day5. 剪纸：Paper Cutting6. 书法：Calligraphy7. 对联：(Spring Festival) Couplets8. 象形文字：Pictograms/Pictographic Characters9. 人才流动：Brain Drain/Brain Flow10. 四合院：Siheyuan/Quadrangle11. 战国：Warring States12. 风水：Fengshui/Geomantic Omen13. 铁饭碗：Iron Bowl14. 函授部：The Correspondence Department15. 集体舞：Group Dance16. 黄土高原：Loess Plateau17. 红白喜事：Weddings and Funerals18. 中秋节：Mid-Autumn Day19. 结婚证：Marriage Certificate20. 儒家文化：Confucian Culture21. 附属学校：Affiliated school22. 古装片：Costume Drama23. 武打片：Chinese Swordplay Movie24. 元宵：Tangyuan/Sweet Rice Dumpling (Soup)25. 一国两制：One Country, Two Systems26. 火锅：Hot Pot27. 四人帮：Gang of Four28. 《诗经》：The Book of Songs29. 素质教育：Essential-qualities-oriented Education30. 《史记》：Historical Records/Records of the Grand Historian31. 大跃进：Great Leap Forward (Movement)32. 《西游记》：The Journey to the West33. 除夕：Chinese New Year’s Eve/Eve of the Spring Festival34. 针灸：Acupuncture35. 唐三彩：Tri-color Pottery of the T ang Dynasty/The T ang Tri-colored pottery36. 中国特色的社会主义：Chinese-charactered Socialist/Socialist with Chinese characteristics37. 偏旁：radical38. 孟子：Mencius39. 亭/阁：Pavilion/ Attic40. 大中型国有企业：Large and Medium-sized State-owned Enterprises41. 火药：gunpowder42. 农历：Lunar Calendar43. 印/玺：Seal/Stamp44. 物质精神文明建设：The Construction of Material Civilization and Spiritual Civilization45. 京剧：Beijing Opera/Peking Opera46. 秦腔：Crying of Qin People/Qin Opera47. 太极拳：Tai Chi48. 独生子女证：The Certificate of One-child49. 天坛：Altar of Heaven in Beijing50. 小吃摊：Snack Bar/Snack Stand51. 红双喜：Double Happiness52. 政治辅导员：Political Counselor/School Counselor53. 春卷：Spring Roll(s)54. 莲藕：Lotus Root55. 追星族：Star Struck56. 故宫博物院：The Palace Museum57. 相声：Cross-talk/Comic Dialogue58. 下岗：Lay off/Laid off59. 北京烤鸭：Beijing Roast Duck60. 高等自学考试：Self-taught Examination of Higher Education61. 烟花爆竹：fireworks and firecracker62. 敦煌莫高窟：Mogao Caves63. 电视小品：TV Sketch/TV Skit64. 香港澳门同胞：Compatriots from Hong Kong and Macao65. 文化大革命：Cultural Revolution66. 长江中下游地区：The Mid-low Reaches of Yangtze River67. 门当户对：Perfect Match/Exact Match68. 《水浒》：Water Margin/Outlaws of the Marsh69. 中外合资企业：Joint Ventures70. 文房四宝（笔墨纸砚）："The Four Treasure of the Study" "Brush, Inkstick, Paper, and Inkstone"6．易经The Book of Changes12. Doha Round 多哈回合13. NATO 全称North Atlantic Treaty Organization，北大西洋公约组织。

扫黄：Pom-Purging Campaign
西部大开发：Go-West Campaign
特有的一些汉语词汇
禅宗：Zen Buddhism
禅：dhyana/dhgaya
混沌：chaos
道：Daosim/the way and its power
四谛：Four Nobel Truth
八正道：Eightfold Path
书法：Calligraphy
对联：（Spring Festival）Couplets
象形文字：Pictograms/Pictographic Characters
人才流动：Brain Drain/Brain Flow
四合院：Siheyuan/Quadrangle
战国：Warring States
风水：Fengshui/Geomantic Omen
中国特色的社会主义：Chinese-charactered Socialist/Socialist with Chinese characteristics
偏旁：radical
孟子：Mencius
亭/阁：Pavilion/Attic
大中型国有企业：Large and Medium-sized State-owned Enterprises
e.g.You can’t control everything in a traits’world.（人在江湖，身不由己）
道：Daoism（Taoism）
上火：excessive internal heat
儒学：Confucianism
红学（《红楼梦》研究）：redology
世外桃源：Shangri-la or Arcadia
兵马俑：cotta Warriors/Terracotta Army

Unit 1焚书坑儒burn books and bury Confucian scholars alive牛郎织女the Cowherd and the Girl Weaver or the Cow Herder and the Weaver Maid封建礼教feudal ethical codes善有善报，恶有恶报Good will be rewarded with good and evil repaid with evil《山海经》Classics of Mountians and seas精卫填海Jingwei Determines to fill up the seaUnit 2饮食疗法dietotherapy or food therapy色香味color, aroma and taste美食家gourmet南甜北咸东辣西酸Sweet in the south, salty in the north, sour in the west and spicy in the east.中国四大菜系Grand Four Categories of Chinese Cuisine八大菜系eight main schools of Chineses Cuisine点心Dim Sum鉴别诊断differential diagnosis礼仪之邦land of ceremony and propriety良药苦口Good medicine tastes bitter.控制阴阳失调to conterbalance the Yin-yang disequilibriumUnit 3衣食住行clothing, food, shelter and transportation曲裾curving-front robe直裾straight-front robe战国时期Warring States Period男女授受不亲to avoid close contact of the male and the female 唐装Tang Costume盘扣buttonhole loop玉珮jade ornamentUnit 4道家四象the four Taoist quadrants风水先生 a geomancer皇陵the imperial mausoleum宗庙或祠堂the ancestral temple天坛the Temple of Heaven塔pagoda莫高窟the Mogao Grottoes天人合一unity of Heaven and man拙政园Humble Administrattor's Garden卢沟桥的狮子数不清The lions on the Lugouqiao are uncountableUnit 5世界遗产名录List of World Heritage金丝猴golden snub-nosed monkey人间仙境Fairy Land on Earth五岳Five Sacred Mountains有眼不识泰山One who fails to recognize a somebody has been compared to a person unable to see Mt.Tai.稳如泰山as stable as Mt. Tai会当凌绝顶，一览众山小Only by ascending Mt. Tai will you find how dwarfish all mountains under heaven are.五岳归来不看山，黄山归来不看岳I find it no longer worth my while to look at a mountain after visiting the five sacred mountains. No longer do I find it worth my while to look atthe sacred five after returning from Huangshan.四川大熊猫自然保护区Sichuan Giant Panda Sanctuaries云南三江并流Three Parallel Rivers of Y unnan Protected Areas国家风景区National seenic area桂林山水甲天下The scenery in Guilin is unparalleled in the world( or topped all under heaven)阳朔山水甲桂林The montains and waters in Y angshuo are even better than those in Guilin.Unit 6烽火台beacon tower天下第一关the World’s First Pass故宫the Palace Museum（the Forbidden City）秦始皇陵Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor《史记》The Historical Records兵马俑Terra cotta legions释迦牟尼Sakyamuni（皇帝）登基ascend the throne腐败无能的政府corrupt and impotent government天圆地方round Heaven and square EarthUnit 7春节the Spring Festival元宵节the Lantern Festival清明节Tomb Sweeping Day or the Clear Bright Festival端午节the Dragon Boat Festival中秋节the Mid-Autumn Festival重阳节the Double Ninth Festival泼水节Water Sprinkling Festival那达慕the Nadam Fair火把节the Torch Festival阴历the lunar calendar公历Gregorian calendar年糕sticky cakes红包lucky money in little red envelopes春联spring couplets年画New Y ear pictures舞狮Lion Dances闰月an intercalary month年饭the New Y ear feast元宵glutinous rice dumplings stuffed with various sweet fillings 赛龙舟dragon boat races粽子pyramid-shaped dumplings with glutinous rice吉祥话auspicious messages秋分the autumn equinox月饼moon cake《易经》I-Ching (the Book of Changes)登高节Height Ascending Festival赏菊enjoying the flourishing chrysanthemum中国生肖the Chinese zodiac五行the Five Elements算命fortune telling护身符talismans相手术palmistry相面face reading皇道吉日之类的almanacs红色等同于财富Red is synonymous with wealth.火化cremation避邪to avoid epidemies七夕节the Double Seventh Festival礼轻情意重 A gift may be insignificant, but it carries tremendous friendshipUnit 8绢花silk flower漆器lacquer wares景泰蓝cloisonné enamel青铜器bronze wares唐三彩the Tang tricolor ceramics盆景bonsai司线戊方鼎Simuwu Quadripod陶器earthenware新石器时代the Neolithic Age刺绣embroidery钟鼎文inscription甲骨文tortoise shell script青花瓷the blue and white porcelainUnit 9岁寒三友three friends of winter君子四艺the four skills of a learned scholar to pursue 挂轴hanging scroll工笔画gongbi or meticulous brushwork山水画landscape painting国粹quintessence of Chinese culture小篆the Small Seal Script隶书the Official Script草书the Cursive Script行书the Running Script楷书the Regular Script文房四宝four treasures of the study花鸟图flower and bird painting出淤泥而不染come out of the mire without being snearedUnit 10《赵氏孤儿》An Orphan of the Zhao Family《15贯》Fifteen Strings of Coppers《空城计》The Ruse of an Empty City《白蛇传》The Story of a White Snake《贵妃醉酒》The Drunken Concubine《岳母刺字》Y uefei’s Mother T attooing His Back《打渔杀家》Fisherman’s Revenge《二进宫》Entering the Palace for the Second Time《霸王别姬》Farewell My Concubine《群英会》Gathering of Heroes《乌盆记》The Story of the Black Basin《宝莲灯》The Lotus Lantern《智取威虎山》Takeover of Tiger Mountain四大名旦Four Major Dan Roles梵语SanskritUnit 11中医TCM (Traditional Chinese Medicine)望observation闻auscultation and olfaction问interrogation切pulse feeling and palpation经络channels or meridian中草药herbal medicine针灸acupuncture艾灼moxibustion拔罐cupping推拿massage刮痧guasha五行相生结构：金水木火土The Generating cycleMetal produces water, water nourishes wood, wood fuels fire, fire makes earth, earth yields metal.五行相克结构：金木土水火The Regulating CycleMetal can cut wood, wood can contain earth, earth can absorb water, water can extinguish fire, fire can melt metal.Unit 15九歌Nine Songs木兰辞the Ballad of Mulan《西厢记》The West Chamber《诗经》The Book of Songs《离骚》Lament of Encountering Sorrow or Sorrow after departure《孔雀东南飞》Southeast the peacock flies《全唐诗》The complete Anthology of the T ang Dynasty初唐四杰the four preeminent poets of the early Tang Dynasty诗仙the Immortal of Poems诗圣Sage of the Poems山水田园诗人pastoral poets边塞诗人frontier poets熟读唐诗三百首，不会作诗也会吟。

中国传统文化名词解译1. 什么是“春节”呀？春节可是咱中国人最重要的传统节日之一呢！就好比西方的圣诞节一样重要。

每到春节，一家人团聚在一起，贴春联、挂灯笼、放鞭炮，那热闹劲儿，别提多棒啦！你看，一大家子围坐在一起吃年夜饭，欢欢喜喜地迎接新年的到来，多幸福啊！2. “中秋节”是啥呢？嘿，中秋节就像是天上那圆圆的月亮一样，象征着团圆呀！到了这天，人们会一起赏月、吃月饼。

就像每年我们家都会摆上一大桌好吃的，边赏月边聊天，真是温馨极了！这不是很有意思吗？3. 知道“端午节”不？这可是为了纪念伟大的爱国诗人屈原的节日哟！赛龙舟、吃粽子，多有特色呀！想想那激烈的龙舟比赛，大家齐心协力地划桨，不就像大家一起为了目标努力奋斗一样吗？难道你不想感受一下那种氛围吗？4. “书法”可是咱中国传统文化的瑰宝呢！它就像一幅美丽的画卷，用笔墨展现出无尽的魅力。

看着那些大师们挥毫泼墨，写出的字或刚劲有力，或飘逸洒脱，简直太神奇啦！你难道不想学学书法，也写出一手漂亮字吗？5. “中医”那可是老祖宗留下来的宝贝呀！它不像西医那样直接，而是慢慢调理身体。

就好比是给身体这个大机器做一次精心的保养。

有时候一点草药、一个针灸，就能把病治好，是不是很厉害？你说咱能不珍惜中医吗？6. “京剧”懂不？这可是舞台上的艺术大餐呀！那精美的扮相、婉转的唱腔，就像一场华丽的梦境。

演员们在台上一颦一笑、一举一动，都充满了韵味。

难道你不想去剧院里感受一下那独特的魅力吗？7. “剪纸”多有趣呀！一张纸，在剪纸艺人的手中，就像变魔术一样，变成了各种精美的图案。

就像我们的生活，经过精心雕琢，也能变得绚丽多彩呀！你不想试试自己剪个漂亮图案吗？8. “武术”可是超级酷的哟！那一招一式，既有力量又有美感。

就像一个武林高手，行侠仗义。

想想看，要是自己也会几招武术，那多威风呀！难道你不想成为那个厉害的人吗？9. “儒家思想”是什么呢？它可是影响了咱中国人几千年的重要思想呀！它教导我们要仁爱、要善良、要懂礼。

（唐）杜牧六国既灭，四海一，蜀山兀，阿房出。

覆压三百余里，隔离天日。

骊山北构而西折，直走咸阳。

二川溶溶，流入宫墙。

五步一楼，十步一阁；廊腰缦回，檐牙高啄；各抱地势，钩心斗角。

盘盘焉，囷囷焉，蜂房水涡，矗不知其几千万落。

长桥卧波，未云何龙？复道行空，不霁何虹？高低冥迷，不知西东。

歌台暖响，春光融融；舞殿冷袖，风雨凄凄。

一日之内，一宫之间，而气候不齐。

妃嫔媵嫱，王子皇孙，辞楼下殿，辇来于秦。

朝歌夜弦，为秦宫人。

明星荧荧，开妆镜也；绿云扰扰，梳晓鬟也；渭流涨腻，弃脂水也；烟斜雾横，焚椒兰也。

雷霆乍惊，宫车过也；辘辘远听，杳不知其所之也。

一肌一容，尽态极妍，缦立远视，而望幸焉。

有不得见者，三十六年。

燕赵韩魏，荆楚齐梁，虽秦之强，尝不敢以窥中华者，何也？曰：幽王烽火戏诸侯，褒姒以笑失诸侯；郑袖亡秦女，绝楚之和；赵高用事，胡亥愚，秦之所以亡，颜渊虽知，耻为之臣。

此六国之所以亡，非兵不利，战不善，弊在赂秦。

赂秦而力亏，破灭之道也。

呜呼！灭六国者六国也，非秦也；族秦者秦也，非天下也。

嗟乎！使六国各爱其人，则足以拒秦；使秦复爱六国之人，则递三世可至万世而为君，谁得而族灭也？秦人不暇自哀，而后人哀之；后人哀之而不鉴之，亦使后人而复哀后人也。

【翻译】六国已经灭亡，四海统一，蜀山光秃，阿房宫出现了。

它覆盖了三百多里，遮蔽了天空和阳光。

骊山从北边开始建造，然后向西转弯，直通咸阳。

两条河流缓缓流淌，流入宫墙。

每五步有一座楼，每十步有一座阁；走廊弯弯曲曲，屋檐上的牙齿状装饰高高翘起；各自依地势而建，交错错落。

盘旋曲折，密集拥挤，像蜜蜂的蜂房和水涡，高耸不知有几千万座。

长桥横卧在波光粼粼的河面上，不知是什么龙在云间？复道横空，不是雨过天晴，哪来的彩虹？高低错落，分辨不清东西方向。

歌台上歌声回荡，春光明媚；舞殿里舞袖飘扬，风雨凄凉。

一天之内，一个宫殿之间，气候却各不相同。

宫女妃嫔，王子皇孙，辞别楼台殿堂，乘坐马车来到秦国。

白天唱歌，夜晚弹琴，成为秦国的宫人。

中国传统文化名词英译仅供参考1．元宵节：Lantern Festival2. 刺绣：embroidery3. 重阳节：Double-Ninth Festival4. 清明节：Tomb sweeping day5. 剪纸：Paper Cutting6. 书法：Calligraphy7. 对联：(Spring Festival) Couplets8. 象形文字：Pictograms/Pictographic Characters9. 人才流动：Brain Drain/Brain Flow10. 四合院：Siheyuan/Quadrangle11. 战国：Warring States12. 风水：Fengshui/Geomantic Omen13. 铁饭碗：Iron Bowl14. 函授部：The Correspondence Department15. 集体舞：Group Dance16. 黄土高原：Loess Plateau17. 红白喜事：Weddings and Funerals18. 中秋节：Mid-Autumn Day19. 结婚证：Marriage Certificate20. 儒家文化：Confucian Culture21. 附属学校：Affiliated school22. 古装片：Costume Drama23. 武打片：Chinese Swordplay Movie24. 元宵：Tangyuan/Sweet Rice Dumpling (Soup)25. 一国两制：One Country, Two Systems26. 火锅：Hot Pot27. 四人帮：Gang of Four28. 《诗经》：The Book of Songs29. 素质教育：Essential-qualities-oriented Education30. 《史记》：Historical Records/Records of the Grand Historian31. 大跃进：Great Leap Forward (Movement)32. 《西游记》：The Journey to the West33. 除夕：Chinese New Year’s Eve/Eve of the Spring Festival34. 针灸：Acupuncture35. 唐三彩：Tri-color Pottery of the Tang Dynasty/The Tang Tri-colored pottery36. 中国特色的社会主义：Chinese-charactered Socialist/Socialist with Chinese characteristics37. 偏旁：radical38. 孟子：Mencius39. 亭/阁：Pavilion/ Attic40. 大中型国有企业：Large and Medium-sized State-owned Enterprises41. 火药：gunpowder42. 农历：Lunar Calendar43. 印/玺：Seal/Stamp44. 物质精神文明建设：The Construction of Material Civilization and Spiritual Civilization45. 京剧：Beijing Opera/Peking Opera46. 秦腔：Crying of Qin People/Qin Opera47. 太极拳：Tai Chi48. 独生子女证：The Certificate of One-child49. 天坛：Altar of Heaven in Beijing50. 小吃摊：Snack Bar/Snack Stand51. 红双喜：Double Happiness52. 政治辅导员：Political Counselor/School Counselor53. 春卷：Spring Roll(s)54. 莲藕：Lotus Root55. 追星族：Star Struck56. 故宫博物院：The Palace Museum58. 下岗：Lay off/Laid off59. 北京烤鸭：Beijing Roast Duck60. 高等自学考试：Self-taught Examination of Higher Education61. 烟花爆竹：fireworks and firecracker62. 敦煌莫高窟：Mogao Caves63. 电视小品：TV Sketch/TV Skit65. 文化大革命：Cultural Revolution66. 长江中下游地区：The Mid-low Reaches of Yangtze River67. 门当户对：Perfect Match/Exact Match68. 《水浒》：Water Margin/Outlaws of the Marsh69. 中外合资企业：Joint Ventures70. 文房四宝（笔墨纸砚）："The Four Treasure of the Study" "Brush, Inkstick, Paper, and Inkstone"。