闽教版小学英语五年级下册各单元语法知识点
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闽教版小学英语总复习 基础语法
四年级下册
Unit 1 Winter Vacation(寒假)
Hi, Lily. How was your winter vacation? 你好,莉莉。你的寒假过得怎么样?
It was wonderful. I visited the Great Wall. 很精彩。我参观了长城。
How about you? Were you in China? 你呢?你寒假有在中国吗?
No, I wasn’t. I went to Australia. 不,没有。我去了澳大利亚。
How was the weather there? 那的天气怎么样?
It was hot. It was summer there. 很热。那里是夏天。
Hi, boys and girls! 嗨,孩子们!
Hi, Miss Gao. 嗨,高老师。
How was your winter vacation? 你们的寒假过得怎么样?
I went to Taiwan with my parents. 我和父母去了台湾。
Is it your hometown?那里是你的故乡吗?
Yes, it is. 是的,台湾是我的故乡。
I took a boat tour of Sun Moon Lake. 我乘船游览了日月潭。
How about you, Yang Ming? 你呢,杨明?
I played chess with my father. 我和爸爸下了棋。
Who was the winner? 谁赢了?
Very often my dad was the winner. 经常是我的爸爸赢。
I did my homework. 我做了家庭作业。
P5短文:讲述自己的家乡
Taiwan is Wang Tao’s hometown. In winter vacation he went there with his parents. He wanted to
see his aunt and uncle. He was at their home for the Spring Festival. They went to see Sun Moon
Lake by boat. The tour of the lake was wonderful. 台湾是王涛的家乡,在寒假他会和父母回台湾。他想看望他的叔叔和婶婶。他会在叔叔婶婶家过春节。他坐船去日月潭,游湖行很棒。
本单元重点语法是一般过去时态
一般过去时表示在的过去某个时间里所发生的动作,存在的状态或习惯性的动作。不强调对现在的影响,只说明过去。
常用的时间状语有:yesterday昨天,yesterday morning昨天早上,yesterday afternoon昨天下午,yesterday evening昨天晚上,the day before yesterday(前天),last night昨晚,last week上周,last month上个月,last year去年,a moment ago(一个月前),just now(刚才), two
days ago两天前,a week ago一周前,in 1990在1990年,等。
动词过去式的构成:
(1)规则动词过去式的构成有四条规则:
①一般在动词原形末尾直接加上-ed。如:look—looked,visit—visited,watch—watched。
②以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,只需加-d。如:live—lived。
③末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,先双写这个辅音字母,再加ed。如:stop—stopped。
④末尾是“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,先改y为i,然后再加-ed。如:study—studied。
(2)不规则动词的过去式需要记忆。如:am/is—was,are—were,go—went,come—came,take—took,have(has)—had,do—did,swim—swam,get—got,eat—ate,run—ran,say—said,buy—bought等。
句子结构
1、在表示某个时间里存在的状态的句子,系动词用过式was,were构成。如:
It was wonderful. 很精彩。
It was hot. It was summer there. 很热。那里是夏天。
2、在表示过去某个时间里发生的动作,用动词的过去式构成。如:
I visited the Great Wall. 我参观了长城。
I went to Australia. 我去了澳大利亚。
3.各种句式
(1)一般过去时的肯定陈述句:
I visited the Great Wall. 我参观了长城。 I went to Taiwan with my parents. 我和父母去了台湾。
I took a boat tour of Sun Moon Lake. 我乘船游览了日月潭。
I played chess with my father. 我和爸爸下了棋。
I did my homework. 我做了家庭作业。
(2)一般过去时的否定句:
1、在表示过去存在的状态的句子中,相接在was, were的后面加上not。
如:He was not in the park yesterday afternoon. 他昨天下午不在公园。
2、在表示过去的时间发生的动作的句子中,要在行为动词的前面加助动词didn’t,然后把过去式的行为动词改为动词原形。即:didn’t + 动词原形。如:
She didn’t play the violin last night. 她昨晚没有拉小提琴。
I didn’t go to school yesterday. 我昨天没有去学校。
(3)一般过去时的一般疑问句:
1、把was, were放在句首,其余位置不变。
由Was…?引导的一般疑问句,肯定答为:Yes,… was. 否定回答为:No,…. wasn’t.
由Were…?引导的一般疑问句,肯定回答为:Yes,… were. 否定回答为:No,… weren’t. 如:
How about you? Were you in China? 你呢?你寒假有在中国吗?
-- No, I wasn’t. I went to Australia. 不,没有。我去了澳大利亚。
→Yes, I was.(肯定回答)
Were they in Yang Ming’s home last night? 昨晚他们在杨明家吗?
→Yes, they were. (肯定回答) →No, they weren’t. (否定回答)
2、在行为动词的句子中,要用助动词词did来引导,其余的语序不变。要注意的是,要把行为动词的过去式改为原形。肯定回答为:Yes, …did. 否定回答:No, …didn’t. 如:
Did you have the meeting yesterday? 昨天你们开会了吗?
→Yes, we did. (肯定回答) →No, we didn’t.(否定回答)
Did your mom go shopping last weekend? 你妈妈上周末去购物了吗?
→Yes, she did. (肯定回答) →No, she didn’t.(否定回答)
(4)一般过去时的特殊疑问句:
1. What did … ?(主要是询问过去发生了什么事情,注意要把过去式改为动词原形。)
What did you do last night? 你昨晚做了什么? → I did my homework. 我做了我的家庭作业。
2. Where did ... ?( 主要是询问过去事情发生的地方。)
Where did they go yesterday? 他们昨天去了哪里?
→They went to the museum yesterday. 他们昨天去了博物馆。
3. Who + 过去式 … ?( 主要是询问过去事情发生的人物。)
Who was the winner? 谁赢了?
-- Very often my dad was the winner. 经常是我的爸爸赢。
4. How + 过去式...?
Hi, Lily. How was your winter vacation? 你好,莉莉。你的寒假过得怎么样?
-- It was wonderful. I visited the Great Wall. 很精彩。我参观了长城。
5. 其他还有when、why、which等疑问代词引导的特殊疑问句。
Unit 2 A Visit to the Zoo
Dad, I want to see elephant. Where are they? 爸爸,我想看大象。它们在哪里?
Look, there is a map over there. Let’s go and have a look. 瞧,那边有一幅地图。我们去看看。
map 地图, a map of China中国地图,a map of Fujian福建地图,a map of Taiwan台湾地图
Go straight. Then turn right. There are some elephants behind the hill. 直走,然后右转。小山后面有几只大象。
They’re so tall and big. Look, a baby elephant! 它们又高又大。看,一只小象。
Let me take a photo of it. 让我来给它拍一张照片。
it指前面出现过的a baby elephant。
take a photo of的意思是“给……拍照。”
There be...句型
There is a map over there. 那里有一张地图。
There is a baby elephant in the zoo. 动物园里有一只小象。
There are some bears under the tree. 树下有几只熊。
There are some tigers next to the lions. 紧挨着狮子园有几只老虎。
next to是“邻近,紧靠,紧挨着”的意思。如:
Sally sits next to Julia.(萨莉紧挨着朱莉娅坐着。)