下载文档原格式
![欧亨利最后一片叶子Behrman英文评论论文thelastleaf[修改版]](https://img.taocdn.com/s1/m/8bb8653ba1c7aa00b42acbb9.png)
第一篇：欧亨利最后一片叶子Behrman英文评论论文the last leafBehrman in The Last Leaf-----from O.Henry洪剑201001401103 旅游管理040When a dying lady was looking out the ivy vine1 through the window, whose leaves were falling , she desperately thought “if the last falls, I must go”2. The old painter sacrificed his life to paint a green ivy leaf onto the brick wall ,when the real last fell .One died and one lived. No one could deny that piece of ivy leaf saved everything about love，nobility and greatness. The old man was just Behrman in O.Henry’s novel The Last Leaf.In O.Henry’s eyes, Behrman was a failure in art3but we might say he was a success in humanity. Actually he ever set his mind to accomplish a surprising masterpiece and even prepared to be proud of it; Well , his masterpiece did not appear until the death approached .Otherwise, he lived by being a model for some poor painters like him and drunk all day along. That’s the first impression which Behrman gave us at the middle part of the novel.As a matter of fact, Behrman represented a small shadow of American West people that seek fortune in 19th century .O.Henry was also born in a doctor family, which made him informed of the difficulties the poor had met. And we could discover many familiar roles in his novels, like Soapy in Thecop and the Anthem , John Adair in A Municipal ReportJim and Della in The Gift of the Magi. As a loyal reader to O.Henry ,I guess these characters appearing in his novels might be someone he knew or heard, might be his friends or himself. At least these roles reflected O.Henry’s real voice into his mind. For some reasons, O.Henry had been in prison for 3 years during which he made his famous novel The cop and the Anthem.To some extent , Soapy’s painfulness was O.Henry’s .When he offered to get in the jail, it was refused; When he washed his brain and decide to live a common life he wanted, he was caught with no reason. This ridiculous result conveyed a great joke of American society.Now back to the old painter Behrman, O.Henry did not tell how he helped Johnsy, how he painted his masterpiece and why he chose to do it and readers knew it from the conversation between Sue and Johnsy as follows:"I have something to tell you, white mouse," Sue said. "Mr. Behrman died of pneumonia to-day in the hospital. He was ill only two days. The janitor found him the morning of the first day in his room downstairs helpless with pain. His shoes and clothing were wet through and icy cold. They couldn't imagine where he had been on such a dreadful night. look out thewindow, dear, at the last ivy leaf on the wall. Didn't you wonder why it never fluttered or moved when the wind blew? Ah, darling, it's Behrman's masterpiece - he painted it there the night 4Behrman died at the end of the novel. Such a kind of way declaring Behrman’s death may mot surprise us, because we all know, his pneumonia was much worse than Johnsy and death will come sooner or later. Anyways, Behrman saved Johnsy in a silent and artistic way, which truly shocked me .That’s also why I like this characterBehrman and this novel, even though O.Henry did not give him too many words.Perhaps, this writing style might make this character greater and stand out in the other side, I think.That last leaf never means the last life. Behrman was like a doctor more than a painter. It cured Johnsy’s pneumonia and gave her a strong courage and great hope to hold on. What a great value his masterpiece had made! Meanwhile, Behrman seemed more alive than dead. We could say, Behrman did not only save a person’s life, but successfully saved an American dream for all the people who seek freedom and peace. Behrman died in the right way; He also taught us a lesson named “what’s humanity and where it lies”. That’s what his masterpiecebrought us here and now.As is mentioned, Johnsy’s dream was to paint the Bay of Naples before she passed away. I could not imagine whether it had been realized or not. However,I was sure of Behrman’s--------the last leaf and the lasting life.Reference:1.vine n.藤；葡萄树；藤类植物22012/5/1932012/5/194王旭红编译2005 大连理工大学出版社《美国短篇小说精选》127(正文共计723字，其中引文120字)联系方式：132********768292652@第二篇：最后一片叶子欧亨利《最后一片叶子》欧亨利在华盛顿广场西边的一个小区里，街道横七竖八地伸展开去，又分裂成一小条一小条的“胡同”。
毕业设计中文题目客车侧倾试验平台机构设计及应用英文题目The Design And Application Of BusOverturning Tester Institutional 学院：机械与汽车工程学院专业: 机械设计制造及其自动化年级班级：2009级（1）班姓名：洪剑平学号：0908012145指导教师：柯晓龙职称：讲师2013年5月13日毕业设计（论文）诚信声明书本人郑重声明：在毕业设计（论文）工作中严格遵守学校有关规定，恪守学术规范；我所提交的毕业设计（论文）是本人在指导教师的指导下独立研究、撰写的成果，设计（论文）中所引用他人的文字、研究成果，均已在设计（论文）中加以说明；在本人的毕业设计（论文）中未剽窃、抄袭他人的学术观点、思想和成果，未篡改实验数据。
本设计（论文）和资料若有不实之处，本人愿承担一切相关责任。
学生签名：年月日目录摘要 (1)关键词 (1)1 前言 (2)1.1 课题研究背景 (2)1.2 国内外研究概况 (3)1.3 本课题的研究内容 (3)2 侧倾平台的试验方法 (4)2.1 客车侧倾稳定角试验方法 (4)2.2 客车质心高度测量方法 (5)2.3 小结 (8)3 侧倾平台的总体设计 (8)3.1 总体性能参数 (9)3.2 侧倾平台国家标准的分析 (9)3.3 总体方案确定 (11)3.4 小结 (14)4 结构分析与校核 (14)4.1 机械结构分析 (14)4.2 关键部件的强度校核 (16)4.3 有限元分析与优化 (18)4.4 小结 (21)5 液压系统设计 (22)5.1 液压控制回路的设计规划 (22)5.2 液压缸的设计 (23)5.2.1液压缸的工作长度计算 (23)5.2.2 液压缸的选型与校核 (23)5.2.3 液压缸的参数设计 (25)5.2.4 双作用液压缸的基本参数计算 (26)5.3 小结 (27)6 结论与展望 (28)6.1 结论 (28)6.2 展望 (28)致谢 (29)参考文献 (29)客车侧倾试验平台机构设计及应用学生：洪剑平指导老师：柯晓龙（厦门理工学院机械与汽车工程学院，厦门 361024）【摘要】：客车的侧倾稳定性通常是用空载、静态状态下，向左侧和右侧倾斜最大侧倾稳定角来评价。
最大侧倾稳定角是汽车不发生侧翻的极限角。
本文开发的客车侧倾试验平台目的是用来搭建用于测量客车最大侧倾稳定角以及计算出质心位置的试验装置，具有测试方便、测量精度高的特点，从而为被测试客车提供准确、可靠的试验数据，并为客车设计提供试验依据。
本文主要使用Auto CAD以及PROE软件对试验平台进行建模设计，利用ANSYS软件进行有限元分析。
其中平台的设计主要包括结构的选材和设计，平台尺寸的确定以及动力源液压系统的设计。
【关键词】：侧倾稳定角，侧倾试验装置，质心位置，平台试验方法The Design And Application Of Bus Overturning Tester InstitutionalStudent: hongjianpingTutor: kexiaolong(School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering,Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, 361024, China)【Abstract】：The roll stability of the bus is usually with no load and static state,the tilt to the left and the right side of the biggest roll stability Angle to evaluate Maximum Angle of roll stability is the limit Angle of car rolled over does not occur.Purpose in this paper,the development of bus roll experimental platform is built to measure bus maximum roll stability Angle, and calculate the mass gravity center height of the test device,is easy to test and measure the characteristics of high precision, thus being tested for bus to provide accurate and reliable test data, and provides the test basis for the bus design.In this paper, we use Auto CAD, PROE software for modeling test platform design,using ANSYS software for finite element analysis..Which platformdesign includes the selection and design of the structure, platform size determination and power source hydraulic system design.【Key word】：Stable angle of rolling,Roll testing facility,Mass gravity center height,The test method of platform1 前言1.1 课题研究背景伴随着中国经济的快速发展，如今各类汽车的设计制造及自动化技术得到了不断的提高，同时，公路的设施条件也有了很大的改善，导致汽车在公路上的行驶速度有了突飞猛进的提高。
也常常由于速度及汽车的质量问题导致了碰撞，侧翻事故的发生，并且在侧翻事故中车上人员的伤亡相比于其他交通事故都要来得多，所造成的经济损失非常大。
这引起了国家对汽车结构质量问题的极其关注，也突显出了客车侧倾试验的重要性。
因此，提高汽车速度的同时，汽车制造商更应该充分考虑到汽车在运行中的安全问题。
汽车有主动安全性、被动安全性、事故后安全性和生态安全性之分，而我们首要解决的是汽车的主动安全性，即汽车防止或减少道路交通事故发生的性能。
重心太高、侧翻倾斜角过小，都是导致车辆更容易发生侧翻的主要原因。
2011年9月14日，上海外环线发生大客车侧翻事故，其中有12人遇难，另有12人受到不同程度的伤害。
当年10月7日，在滨保高速公路天津境内，有一部大型客车突然失控，最后向右侧翻，这起车祸直接导致有35人遇难，19人受伤。
一周后的10月16日，在湖南306省道上，同样是大客车，由于紧急情况，司机急打手中的方向盘，导致客车侧翻到公路的边沟，造成了有10人死亡，37人受伤。
一场场的灾难都是由于客车的侧翻所造成。
当前在我国投入生产以及大量使用的大型客车，当车辆发生侧翻时并起不到应有的保护作用，而相反的，车身被路旁的护栏切割的同时，其护栏也对乘客造成了伤害，究其原因都是因为对于客车没有要求必须是全承载式钢架结构。
不仅如此，也不强制对车身骨架进行侧滚碰撞试验和进行侧倾稳定角的测量试验。
再看看我国的双层客车，重心位置都比其他车辆要来得高，直接导致了客车运动时的侧倾稳定性相对较差，我们可以对侧翻事故中人员的伤亡数量进行分析，得出在侧翻车祸中双层客车的人员伤亡比率要比单层客车高。
因此就需要依靠规范的实验对单层和双层客车进行侧翻试验来保证客车自身结构的安全性。
对于客车侧倾试验平台机构设计及应用的研究是具有重要的实用价值。
本文开发的客车侧倾试验平台目的是用来搭建用于测量客车最大侧倾稳定角的试验装置，具有测试方便、测量精度高的特点，从而为被测试客车提供准确、可靠的试验数据，并为客车设计提供试验依据。
本文具体研究方向是：通过分析客车侧倾试验平台的工作原理，进行侧倾平台的结构设计和数字化建模，对其中关键结构开展有限元分析及结构优化，完成侧倾平台的液压回路控制系统设计，并完成车辆侧翻稳定角及质心位置等参数的算法设计。
1.2 国内外研究概况在国外，有着许多对侧翻问题感兴趣的专业人员专注于侧倾运动的研究。
就比如美国的Bernard J于1989年研究车辆行驶在公路上的侧倾运动现象[1]。
另外，DAS N S等人在对商务车低速行驶运动参数进行分析的基础上给出了评估车辆侧翻阙值的计算方法[2]。
而在国内，同样有不少研究人员通过客车侧倾试验了解了侧翻的规律及应该怎样避免客车在行驶中发生侧翻事故。
1994年，来自东风汽车工程研究院的团队研究了车辆最大稳态倾斜角的计算方法[3]，在此计算方法的基础上，肖杰等人于2006年在同济大学分析了考虑车辆行驶中轮胎变形的影响下，最大稳态倾斜角的计算方法[4]。
长安大学的魏朗，陈涛等人也于2003年通过建立车辆三维动力学模型，对车辆侧翻运动过程进行了仿真分析[5]。
其校的余强教授则对主动悬架改善车辆倾斜稳定性的问题做了深入的研究[6]。
而来自重庆大学的陈刚等人通过运用建模分析一体化设计方法，简述了客车侧倾试验平台的试题参数化模型。
主要进行了以下工作：对台面台架的结构进行了分析，承载板架以及主支架的有限元分析并提出了评价和改进[7]。
湖南大学的葛健，张维刚，依据有限元建模理论，建立整车车身骨架有限元模型，介绍并分析了在真实和在仿真不同试验中对生存空间现有的评价方法，针对仿真试验中现有生存空间评价方法的不足，自己总结了一种新的评价方法——穿透式生存空间评价方法。
此方法得出的结论：客车上部结构侵入到生存空间，该客车不满足法规要求[8]。
之后又对车商部结构提出了改进，并且再次进行了仿真实验，验证了经过改造后的模型满足了法规要求。
可见这是一种简单实用、准确可靠的方法。
1.3 本课题的研究内容客车侧倾试验平台是一种重要的客车侧倾稳定性的性能检测设施。
本课题旨在针对客车侧倾检测技术的特点，开发一种用于客车侧倾检测的试验平台装置。
其中，主要研究内容包括：客车侧倾试验平台的结构设计；侧倾试验平台的数字化建模与优化，液压控制系统的设计。
其中结构设计包括试验平台材料的选择，尺寸的确定，仪器与设备的选取，整体的布局，以及平台的搭建。
侧倾试验平台的数字建模与优化包括PROE三维建模，在模型中进行质量分析和长度测量以此来确定液压缸的型号。
确定了试验平台的整体方案后，将主要承受负载的承载板导入到ANSYS中，利用ANSYS中的插件workbench进行网格划分以及施加约束后添加载荷，最后通过应力应变云图可以清楚的看出承载板的变形，以此来校核结构的设计。
