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《并网光伏电站性能监测与质量评估技术规范》编制说明一、制定本技术要求的必要性2013年国发〔2013〕24号文件，《国务院关于促进光伏产业健康发展的若干意见》中认为，光伏产业是全球能源科技和产业的重要发展方向，是具有巨大发展潜力的朝阳产业，也是我国具有国际竞争优势的战略性新兴产业。
我国光伏产业当前遇到的问题和困难，既是对产业发展的挑战，也是促进产业调整升级的契机，特别是光伏发电成本大幅下降，为扩大国内市场提供了有利条件。
要坚定信心，抓住机遇，开拓创新，毫不动摇地推进光伏产业持续健康发展。
光伏行业全球产能过剩的严峻形势促使中国国内市场迅速壮大，2012年我国新增光伏装机量达到创纪录的4.5GW，今年我国光伏应用市场有望再次爆发，新增光伏装机容量可能会达到10GW。
国内市场将在未来几年形成爆发式增长，可以预见，中国的太阳能光伏发电市场具有非常广阔的发展前景，而并网光伏发电系统作为目前发展最为重要的一种形式，制定其合理评价质量依据变得尤为重要，本技术规范编制目的为合理评价光伏发电系统的质量为光伏电站的股权融资、产权交易、质量担保提供依据，同时为评价并网光伏发电系统整体质量提供有效技术支撑。
二、技术要求编制工作过程综述该技术规范是中国质量认证中心（英文简称CQC）2013年科技计划项目《光伏发电系统性能评估》项目中的一部分。
《并网光伏电站性能监测与质量评估技术规范》项目于2013年7月启动，以中国质量认证中心为主，联合中国科学院电工研究所、北京科诺伟业科技有限公司、北京计科电中心、中科院风能太阳能检测中心等组成技术规范制定工作组，针对并网光伏电站的测试方法及要求进行了深入研究。
课题组青海当地大型光伏电站实际调研情况为基础，并进行实际测试验证，确立了技术规范的框架。
技术规范草案初稿完成后，广泛征求相关单位的意见，并对技术要求的意见进行了汇总。
根据意见汇总的内容，对技术规范进行了修改，对于存在较大分歧意见的测试项目及技术要求，最终根据大量的比对数据、引用参照的测试标准方法的规定以及实际电站业主单位的需求反应，确立了技术规范的申请备案稿。
CGC 北京鉴衡认证中心认证技术规范CGC/GFXXX:XXXX(CNCA/CTSXXXX-XXXX)光伏方阵技术规范Technical Specification of Photovoltaic (PV) arrays（IEC/TS 62548:2013，IDT）XXXX-XX-XX发布XXXX-XX-XX实施北京鉴衡认证中心发布目次前言 (I)1 范围 (1)2 参考标准 (1)3 术语和定义，符号和缩略语 (2)4 符合IEC 60364 (8)5 光伏方阵系统结构 (8)6 安全要求 (17)7 电气装置选择和建立 (23)8 验收 (35)9 运行与维护 (35)10 标识与文件 (35)附录 A （资料性附录）标识实例 (37)附录 B （资料性附录）光伏方阵的系统功能性接地实例 (38)附录 C （资料性附录）防反二极管 (40)附录 D （资料性附录）光伏阵列中电弧故障的检测与中断 (43)附录 E （资料性附录） DVC限值 (44)前言北京鉴衡认证中心是经国家认证认可监督管理委员会批准，由中国计量科学研究院组建，专业从事新能源和可再生能源产品标准化研究和产品质量认证的第三方认证机构。
为推动和规范我国光伏产业的发展，规范产品性能指标，促进产品产业化，适应国际贸易、技术和经济交流的需要，特制定本认证技术规范。
本技术规范由全国能源基础与管理标准化技术委员会新能源与可再生能源分技术委员会提出。
本技术规范由北京鉴衡认证中心归口。
本技术规范起草单位：北京鉴衡认证中心、汉能控股集团有限公司、顺德中山大学太阳能研究院、中国风电集团有限公司本技术规范主要起草人：范士林，王宗，邹积凯，刘璇璇，孙韵琳，张波。
光伏方阵技术规范1 范围本技术规范规定了光伏方阵的技术要求，包含:直流方阵配线、电气保护设备、开关及接地的要求。
该范围包含了光伏方阵除储能设备、功率转换设备和负载之外的所有部分。
本技术规范目的是根据光伏系统的特性确定其安全性要求。
CONTENTS目录FOREWORD .............................................................................................................................................. 错误!未定义书签。
INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................... 错误!未定义书签。
1 SCOPE ..................................................................................................................................................... 错误!未定义书签。
2 NORMATIVE REFERENCES ................................................................................................................ 错误!未定义书签。
3 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS ................................................................................................................ 错误!未定义书签。
4 SYSTEM DOCUMENTATION REQUIREMENTS .............................................................................. 错误!未定义书签。
光伏发电项目的采用的技术标准光伏发电项目采用的技术标准在当今日益增长的能源需求中，太阳能作为一种可再生、环保的能源来源，受到了广泛关注。
光伏发电作为太阳能利用的主要方式之一，也逐渐发展壮大。
为了确保光伏发电项目的安全、高效运行，采用适当的技术标准非常重要。
本文将介绍一些常见的光伏发电项目采用的技术标准。
技术标准一：光伏组件质量标准光伏组件是光伏系统中的关键组成部分，其质量直接影响到光电转换效率和项目寿命。
因此，采用合适的光伏组件质量标准是至关重要的。
常见的光伏组件质量标准包括IEC 61215和IEC 61730等国际标准。
这些标准规定了光伏组件的设计和结构、温度和湿度环境条件下的性能要求、安全性能等，确保了光伏组件的质量，提高了光伏发电系统的整体性能和可靠性。
技术标准二：光伏逆变器效率标准光伏逆变器是将光伏模块产生的直流电能转换为可供使用的交流电能的核心设备。
逆变器的效率直接影响到系统的电能转换效率和经济性。
因此，采用适当的光伏逆变器效率标准非常重要。
常见的光伏逆变器效率标准包括EN 50530和IEC 61683等国际标准。
这些标准规定了逆变器的静态和动态效率要求、运行范围、负载适应能力等，保证了光伏逆变器的高效稳定运行，提高了光伏发电系统的整体性能。
技术标准三：光伏发电系统安装与运维标准光伏发电系统的安装和运维是保证系统安全可靠运行的关键环节。
因此，采用适当的光伏发电系统安装与运维标准非常重要。
常见的光伏发电系统安装与运维标准包括IEC 62446和UL 2703等国际标准。
这些标准规定了系统组件的安装方法和要求、系统性能监测和故障诊断、维护和保养等，确保了光伏发电系统的安全运行和长期可靠性。
技术标准四：光伏发电系统并网接口标准光伏发电系统的并网接口是将光伏发电系统与电力系统相连接的关键环节。
为了确保光伏发电系统与电网的稳定性和安全性，采用适当的光伏发电系统并网接口标准非常重要。
常见的光伏发电系统并网接口标准包括IEC 62116和IEEE 1547等国际标准。
CONTENTSFOREWORD (3)INTRODUCTION (5)1 SCOPE (6)2 NORMATIVE REFERENCES (6)3 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS (6)4 SYSTEM DOCUMENTATION REQUIREMENTS (8)4.1G ENERAL (8)4.2S YSTEM DATA (8)4.3W IRING DIAGRAM (9)4.4S TRING LAYOUT (10)4.5D ATASHEETS (10)4.6M ECHANICAL DESIGN INFORMATION (10)4.7E MERGENCY SYSTEMS (10)4.8O PERATION AND MAINTENANCE INFORMATION (10)4.9T EST RESULTS AND COMMISSIONING DATA (10)5 VERIFICATION (10)5.1G ENERAL (10)5.2I NSPECTION (11)5.3T ESTING (13)6 TEST PROCEDURES – CATEGORY 1 (16)6.1C ONTINUITY OF PROTECTIVE EARTHING AND EQUIPOTENTIAL BONDING CONDUCTORS (16)6.2P OLARITY TEST (16)6.3PV STRING COMBINER BOX TEST (16)6.4PV STRING –O PEN CIRCUIT VOLTAGE MEASUREMENT (16)6.5PV STRING –C URRENT MEASUREMENT (17)6.6F UNCTIONAL TESTS (19)6.7PV ARRAY INSULATION RESISTANCE TEST (19)7 TEST PROCEDURES – CATEGORY 2 (21)7.1G ENERAL (21)7.2S TRING I-V CURVE MEASUREMENT (21)7.3PV ARRAY INFRARED CAMERA INSPECTION PROCEDURE (22)8 TEST PROCEDURES – ADDITIONAL TESTS (24)8.1V OLTAGE TO GROUND –R ESISTIVE GROUND SYSTEMS (24)8.2B LOCKING DIODE TEST (24)8.3PV ARRAY –W ET INSULATION RESISTANCE TEST (24)8.4S HADE EVALUATION (25)9 VERIFICATION REPORTS (25)9.1G ENERAL (25)9.2I NITIAL VERIFICATION (26)9.3P ERIODIC VERIFICATION (26)ANNEX A (27)ANNEX B (28)ANNEX C (30)ANNEX D (31)FIGURE D.1 – I-V CURVE SHAPES (31)D.2 VARIATION 1 – STEPS OR NOTCHES IN CURVE (31)D.3 VARIATION 2 – LOW CURRENT (32)D.4 VARIATION 3 – LOW VOLTAGE (32)D.5 VARIATION 4 – ROUNDER KNEE (33)D.6 VARIATION 5 – SHALLOWER SLOPE IN VERTICAL LEG (33)D.7 VARIATION 6 – STEEPER SLOPE IN HORIZONTAL LEG (33)INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION____________PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) SYSTEMS – REQUIREMENTS FOR TESTING,DOCUMENTATION AND MAINTENANCE –Part 1 : Grid connected systems – Documentation,commissioning tests and inspectionFOREWORD1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrust ed to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations.2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all interested IEC National Committees.3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any misinterpretation by any end user.4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter.5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any services carried out by independent certification bodies.6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC Publications.8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is indispensable for the correct application of this publication.9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.(2016-01) [documents 82/1036/FDIS and 82/1056A/RVD] and its amendment 1 (2018-08) [documents 82/1415/FDIS and 82/1426/RVD]. The technical content is identical to the base edition and its amendment.In this Redline version, a vertical line in the margin shows where the technical content is modified by amendment 1. Additions are in green text, deletions are in strikethrough red text. A separate Final version with all changes accepted is available in this publication.International Standard IEC 62446-1 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 82: Solar photovoltaic energy systems.This first edition constitutes a technical revision.This edition includes the following significant technical change with respect to IEC 62446:2009:——the scope has been expanded to include a wider range of system test and inspection regimes to encompass larger and more complex PV systems.This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.A list of all parts in the IEC 62446 series, published under the general title Photovoltaic (PV) systems –Requirements for testing, documentation and maintenance, can be found on the IEC website.The committee has decided that the contents of the base publication and its amendment will remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be•reconfirmed,•withdrawn,•replaced by a revised edition, orINTRODUCTIONGrid connected PV systems are expected to have a lifetime of decades, with maintenance or modifications likely at some point over this period. Building or electrical works in the vicinity of the PV array are very likely, for example roof works adjacent to the array or modifications (structural or electrical) to a home that has a PV system. The ownership of a system may also change over time, particularly for systems mounted on buildings. Only by the provision of adequate documentation at the outset can the long term performance and safety of the PV system and works, on or adjacent to the PV system, be ensured.This part of IEC 62446 is split into two sections:•System documentation requirements – This section details the information that shall be provided within the documentation provided to the customer following installation of a grid connected PV system. •Verification – This section provides the information expected to be provided following initial (or periodic) verification of an installed system. It includes requirements for inspection and testing.This part of IEC 62446 references IEC 62548:2013, which is in the process of being converted into an International Standard. It is envisaged that work on the second edition of IEC 62446-1 will start when IEC 62548 is completed.PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) SYSTEMS – REQUIREMENTS FOR TESTING,DOCUMENTATION AND MAINTENANCEPart 1: Grid connected systems – Documentation, commissioning tests and inspection1 ScopeThis part of IEC 62446 defines the information and documentation required to be handed over to a customer following the installation of a grid connected PV system. It also describes the commissioning tests, inspection criteria and documentation expected to verify the safe installation and correct operation of the system. It can also be used for periodic retesting.This part of IEC 62446 is written for grid connected PV systems that do not utilize energy storage (e.g. batteries) or hybrid systems.This part of IEC 62446 is for use by system designers and installers of grid connected solar PV systems as a template to provide effective documentation to a customer. By detailing the expected commissioning tests and inspection criteria, it is also intended to assist in the verification/inspection of a grid connected PV system after installation and for subsequent re-inspection, maintenance or modifications.This part of IEC 62446 defines the different test regimes expected for different solar PV system types to ensure that the test regime applied is appropriate to the scale, type and complexity of the system in question. NOTE This part of IEC 62446 does not address CPV (concentrating PV) systems, however many of the parts may apply.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.IEC 60364-6, Low-voltage electrical installations – Part 6: VerificationIEC 62548:2016, Photovoltaic (PV) arrays – Design requirementsNOTE In some countries IEC 60364-7-71 2 is preferred over IEC 62548. Both standards are expected to provide similar results.IEC 61730 (all parts), Photovoltaic (PV) module safety qualificationIEC 61557 (all parts), Electrical safety in low voltage distribution systems up to 1000 V a.c. and 1500 V d.c. –Equipment for testing, measuring or monitoring of protective measuresIEC 61010 (all parts), Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control, and laboratory use IEC 60891:2009, Photovoltaic devices –Procedures for temperature and irradiance corrections to measured I-V characteristics3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.3.1AC modulePV module with an integrated inverter in which the electrical terminals are AC only3.2cable typedescription of a cable to enable its rating and suitability for a particular use or environment to be determined Note 1 to entry: In many countries this is done via a code number (eg “H07RNF”).3.3data sheetbasic product description and specificationNote 1 to entry: Typically one or two pages. Not a full product manual.3.4inspectionexamination of an electrical installation using all the senses in order to ascertain correct selection and proper erection of electrical equipment3.5inverterelectric energy converter that changes direct electric current to single-phase or polyphaser alternating current3.6micro invertersmall inverter designed to be connected directly to one or two PV modules.Note 1 to entry: A micro inverter will normally connect directly to the factory fitted module leads and be fixed to the module frame or mounted immediately adjacent to the module.3.7module integrated electronicsany electronic device fitted to a PV module intended to provide control, monitoring or power conversion functionsNote 1 to entry: Module integrated electronics may be factory fitted or assembled on site.3.8PV arrayassembly of electrically interconnected PV modules, PV strings or PV sub-arrays.3.9PV cellmost elementary device that exhibits the photovoltaic effect, i.e the direct non-thermal conversion of radiant energy into electrical energy3.10PV modulesmallest complete environmentally protected assembly of interconnected PV cells3.11PV stringcircuit of one or more series-connected PV modules3.12PV string combiner boxjunction box where PV strings are connected which may also contain overcurrent protection devices, electronics and/or switch-disconnectors3.13I MOD_MAX_OCPRPV module maximum overcurrent protection rating determined by IEC 61730-2Note 1 to entry: This is often specified by module manufacturers as the maximum series fuse rating.3.14reportingrecording of the results of inspection and testing3.15testingimplementation of measures in an electrical installation by means of which its effectiveness is provedNote 1 to entry: It includes ascertaining values by means of appropriate measuring instruments, said values not being detectable by inspection.3.16verificationall measures by means of which compliance of the electrical installation to the relevant standards is checked Note 1 to entry: It comprises inspection, testing and reporting.3.17string wiring harnessprefabricated cable assembly that aggregates the output of multiple PV string conductors along a single main cableNote 1 to entry: The harness may or may not include fusing on the individual string conductors. The wiring harness typically does not include a disconnect device in line.Note 2 to entry: An IEC standard for string wiring harnesses is under development.3.18Harness Sub ArrayHSAgroup of PV strings connected in parallel using a string wiring harnessNote 1 to entry: For the purposes of this document, the HSA shall have a combined I SC-STC of no greater than 30 A and combine no more than 1 0 PV strings.Note 2 to entry: In some subclauses of this document, HSA tests are presented as an alternative to individual string tests. The 30 A and 1 0 string limits defined herein set the limit where a HSA test is considered a safe and valid alternative to individual string tests.Note 3 to entry: This note applies to the French language only.4 System documentation requirements4.1 GeneralThe purpose of Clause 4 is to list the minimum documentation that should be provided following the installation of a grid connected PV system. This information will ensure key system data is readily available to a customer, inspector or maintenance engineer. The documentation includes basic system data and the information expected to be provided in the operation and maintenance manual.4.2 System data4.2.1 Basic system informationAs a minimum, the following basic system information shall be provided. This “nameplate” information would typically be presented on the cover page of the system documentation pack.a) Project identification reference (where applicable).b) Rated (nameplate) system power (kW DC or kVA AC).c) PV modules and inverters – manufacturer, model and quantity.d) Installation date.e) Commissioning date.f) Customer name.g) Site address.4.2.2 System designer informationAs a minimum, the following information shall be provided for all bodies responsible for the design of the system. Where more than one company has responsibility for the design of the system, the following information should be provided for all companies together with a description of their role in the project.a) System designer, company.b) System designer, contact person.c) System designer, postal address, telephone number and e-mail address.4.2.3 System installer informationAs a minimum, the following information shall be provided for all bodies responsible for the installation of the system. Where more than one company has responsibility for the installation of the system, the following information should be provided for all companies together with a description of their role in the project.a) System installer, company.b) System installer, contact person.c) System installer, postal address, telephone number and e-mail address.4.3 Wiring diagram4.3.1 GeneralAs a minimum, a single line wiring diagram shall be provided. This diagram shall be annotated to include the information detailed in 4.3.2 to 4.3.6.In general, it is expected that this information will be presented as annotations to the single line wiring diagram. In some circumstances, typically for larger systems where space on the diagram may be limited, this information may be presented in table form.4.3.2 Array – General specificationsThe wiring diagram or system specification shall include the following array design information.a) Module type(s).b) Total number of modules.c) Number of strings.d) Number of modules per string.e) Identify which strings connect to which inverter.Where an array is split into sub-arrays, the wiring diagram shall show the array – sub-array design and include all of the above information for each sub-array.4.3.3 PV string informationThe wiring diagram or system specification shall include the following PV string information.a) String cable specifications – size and type.b) String overcurrent protective device specifications (where fitted) – type and voltage/current ratings.c) Blocking diode type (if relevant).4.3.4 Array electrical detailsThe wiring diagram or system specification shall include the following array electrical information (where fitted).a) Array main cable specifications – size and type.b) Array junction box / combiner box locations.c) DC switch disconnector, location and rating (voltage / current).d) Array overcurrent protective devices – type, location and rating (voltage / current).e) Other array electronic protective circuitry (such as arc fault detection), if applicable – type, location and rating.4.3.5 AC systemThe wiring diagram or system specification shall include the following AC system information.a) AC isolator location, type and rating.b) AC overcurrent protective device location, type and rating.c) Residual current device location, type and rating (where fitted).4.3.6 Earthing and overvoltage protectionThe wiring diagram or system specification shall include the following earthing and overvoltage protection information.a) Details of all earth/bonding conductors – size and type. Including details of array frame equipotential bonding cable where fitted.b) Details of any connections to an existing Lightning Protection System (LPS).c) Details of any surge protection device installed (both on AC and DC lines) to include location, type and rating.4.4 String layoutFor systems with three or more strings, a layout drawing of the PV system showing how the array is split and connected into strings shall be provided.NOTE This is particularly useful for finding faults in larger systems and on building mounted arrays where access to the rear of the modules is difficult.4.5 DatasheetsAs a minimum, datasheets shall be provided for the following system components.a) Module datasheet for all types of modules used in system – to the requirements of IEC 61730-1.b) Inverter datasheet for all types of inverters used in system.The provision of datasheets for other significant system components should also be considered.4.6 Mechanical design informationA data sheet for the array mounting system shall be provided. If the mounting structure was custom engineered, include the relevant documentation.4.7 Emergency systemsDocumentation of any emergency systems associated with the PV system (fire alarms, smoke alarms, etc). This information shall include both operation and design details.4.8 Operation and maintenance informationOperation and maintenance information shall be provided and shall include, as a minimum, the following items:a) Procedures for verifying correct system operation.b) A checklist of what to do in case of a system failure.c) Emergency shutdown / isolation procedures.d) Maintenance and cleaning recommendations (mechanical, civil & electrical) – if any.e) Considerations for any future building works related to the PV array (e.g. roof works).f) Warranty documentation for PV modules and inverters – to include starting date of warranty and period of warranty.g) Documentation on any applicable workmanship or weather-tightness warranties.4.9 Test results and commissioning dataCopies of all test and commissioning data shall be provided. As a minimum, these shall include the results from the verification tests detailed in Clause 5 to 9 of this document (see also model forms in Annexes A toC).5 Verification5.1 GeneralClause 5 provides the requirements for the initial and periodic verification of a grid connected PV electrical installation. It references IEC 60364-6 where appropriate and also details additional requirements or considerations.Much of the verification of a grid connected PV system should be done with reference to IEC 60364-6, which provides the requirements for initial and periodic verification of any electrical installation.Every installation of subsystems and components shall be verified with reference to IEC 60364-6 during erection, as far as reasonably practicable, and on completion, before being put into service by the user. Initial verification shall include comparison of the results with relevant criteria to confirm that the requirements of IEC 60364 have been met.For an addition or alteration to an existing installation, it shall be verified that the addition or alterationcomplies with IEC 60364 and does not impair the safety of the existing installation.Initial and periodic verifications shall be made by a skilled person, competent in verification.NOTE 1 Typical verification test sheets are provided in Annexes A, B and C to this standard.Initial verification takes place upon completion of a new installation or completion of additions or of alterations to existing installations. Periodic verification shall determine, as far as reasonably practicable, whether the installation and all its constituent equipment remain in a satisfactory condition for use.For a PV system, the interval between verifications shall be no longer than that required by the AC electrical system that the PV system is connected to.NOTE 2 In some countries the interval between verifications is stipulated by national regulations.5.2 Inspection5.2.1 GeneralInspection shall precede testing and shall normally be done prior to energizing the installation. The inspection shall be done to the requirements of IEC 60364-6.If wiring will not be readily accessible after the installation, wiring may need to be inspected prior to or during installation works.The following items, specific to grid connected PV systems, shall be included in the inspection.5.2.2 DC system – GeneralInspection of the DC installation shall include at least verification that:a) the DC system has been designed, specified and installed to the requirements of IEC 60364 and IEC 62548:2016;b) the maximum PV array voltage is suitable for the array location (IEC 62548:2016 and local codes may dictate that installations above a certain voltage may only be placed in certain locations);c) all system components and mounting structures have been selected and erected to withstand the expected external influences such as wind, snow, temperature and corrosion;d) roof fixings and cable entries are weatherproof (where applicable).5.2.3 DC system – Protection against electric shockInspection of the DC installation shall include at least verification of the measures in place for protection against electric shock:a) Protective measure provided by extra low voltage (SELV/PELV) – yes/no.b) Protection by use of class II or equivalent insulation adopted on the DC side – yes/no.c) PV string and array cables have been selected and erected so as to minimize the risk of earth faults and short-circuits. Typically achieved by the use of cables with protective and reinforced insulation (often termed “double insulated”) – yes/no.5.2.4 DC system – Protection against the effects of insulation faultsInspection of the DC installation shall include at least verification of the measures in place for protection against the effects of insulation faults, including the following:a) Galvanic separation in place inside the inverter or on the AC side – yes/no.b) Functional earthing of any DC conductor – yes/no.Knowledge of the galvanic separation and functional earthing arrangements is necessary in order to determine if the measures in place to protect against the effects of insulation faults have been correctly specified.c) That a PV Array Earth Insulation Resistance detection and alarm system is installed – to the requirements of IEC 62548:2016.NOTE 1 This is typically provided within the inverter.d) That a PV Array Earth Residual Current Monitoring detection and alarm system is installed –to the requirements of IEC 62548:2016.NOTE 2 This is typically provided within the inverter.5.2.5 DC system – Protection against overcurrentInspection of the DC installation shall include at least verification of the measures in place for protection against overcurrent in the DC circuits:a) For systems without string overcurrent protective device, verify that:•I MOD_MAX_OCPR(the module maximum series fuse rating) is greater than the possible reverse current; •string cables are sized to accommodate the maximum combined fault current from parallel strings. NOTE See IEC 62548:2016 for calculation of array reverse currents.b) For systems with string overcurrent protective device, verify that:•the string overcurrent protective devices are fitted and correctly specified to the requirements of IEC 62548:2016.c) For systems with array / sub-array overcurrent protective devices, verify that:•the overcurrent protective devices are fitted and correctly specified to the requirements of IEC 62548:2016. The potential for the system inverter(s) to produce a DC back-feed into the PV array circuits shall also be verified. It shall be verified that any back-feed current is lower than both the module maximum fuse rating and the string cable ampere rating.5.2.6 DC system – Earthing and bonding arrangementsInspection of the DC installation shall include at least verification that:a) where the PV system includes functional earthing of one of the DC conductors, the functional earth connection has been specified and installed to the requirements of IEC 62548:2016;b) where a PV system has a direct connection to earth on the DC side, a functional earth fault interrupter is provided to the requirements of IEC 62548:2016;c) array frame bonding arrangements have been specified and installed to the requirements of IEC 62548:2016;NOTE Local codes may require different bonding arrangements.d) where protective earthing and/or equipotential bonding conductors are installed, they are parallel to, and bundled with, the DC cables.5.2.7 DC system – Protection against the effects of lightning and overvoltageInspection of the DC installation shall include at least verification that:a) to minimize voltages induced by lightning, the area of all wiring loops has been kept as small as possible;b) measures are in place to protect long cables (e.g. screening or the use of surge protective devices, SPDs);c) where SPDs are fitted, they have been installed to the requirements of IEC 62548:2016.5.2.8 DC system – Selection and erection of electrical equipmentInspection of the DC installation shall include at least verification that:a) the PV modules are rated for the maximum possible DC system voltage;b) all DC components are rated for continuous operation at DC and at the maximum possible DC system voltage and current as defined in IEC 62548:2016;NOTE Inspection of the DC system requires knowledge of the maximum system voltage and current. •The maximum system voltage is a function of the string / array design, the open circuit voltage (V oc ) of the modules and a multiplier to account for temperature and irradiance variations.•The maximum possible fault current is a function of the string / array design, the short circuit current (I sc ) of the modules and a multiplier to account for temperature and irradiance variationsc) wiring systems have been selected and erected to withstand the expected external influences such as wind, ice formation, temperature, UV and solar radiation;d) means of isolation and disconnection have been provided for the PV array strings and PV sub-arrays – to the requirements of IEC 62548:2016;。
*********有限公司标准双玻透光组件（透光率40%/55%）技术规范书***发布***实施技术偏差表对技术规范书的意见和同规范书的差异投标者在此确认本标书完全符合招标文件的要求，除以下所列偏差外：当我们提供的标书中货物性能和供货范围的描述与招标文件有任何矛盾时，以招标文件为准，以下所列除外:目录一、一般规定与规范 (4)1.1总则 (4)1.2工程概况 (5)1.3包装和运输 (6)1.4企业资质要求 (7)1.5 质保要求 (7)1.6产品使用寿命 (7)二、标准与规范 (8)三、专用技术要求 (9)3.1组件规格 (9)3.2组件认证要求 (11)3.3组件原材料清单 (12)3.4关键元器件及材料要求 (12)3.5 EL测试要求 (17)3.6组件生产设备和关键工艺的控制 (18)3.7生产车间和人员要求 (18)3.8 组件标准版 (18)3.9 质量控制措施 (18)3.10 结构、外形尺寸、支装尺寸及质量 (19)3.11 外观要求 (19)3.12电气性能技术参数 (20)3.13电流分档精度要求 (21)3.14 绝缘强度 (21)3.15 载荷要求 (21)3.16 强度要求 (21)3.17 温度冲击要求 (21)3.18 测试和检验 (22)3.19 安装附件 (22)3.20 盐雾腐蚀要求 (22)3.21 抗PID效应要求 (22)3.22 防火要求 (22)3.23 其它要求 (23)四、供货范围 (23)4.1一般要求 (23)4.2供货范围 (24)五、交货检验与验收 (25)5.1一般要求 (25)5.2 质量保证 (25)*5.3 生产控制与出货检验 (26)*5.4实验室抽样检验 (26)*5.5 出货前运行程序 (29)5.6现场验收 (29)5.7最终验收 (31)六、技术资料及交付进度 (32)6.1概述 (32)6.2卖方提供的技术文件及图纸 (33)七、设备交货进度 (37)*7.1供货进度 (37)7.2包装和运输 (37)7.3散装部件 (38)7.4包装箱 (38)7.5裸装货物 (38)7.6装箱单 (38)7.7零星部件 (39)7.8箱号 (39)7.9加工面 (39)7.10技术资料 (39)7.11交货进度表 (39)八、技术服务和设计联络 (40)*8.1 现场服务 (40)*8.2现场服务职责 (40)8.3人员培训 (41)*8.4售后服务要求 (42)8.5设计联络 (42)一、一般规定与规范1.1总则1.1.1卖方应具备招标公告所要求的资质，具体资质要求详见招标文件的商务部分。
IEC 62443标准综述一、工业安全分为三类：功能安全（Functional Satety），物理安全(Physical Satety)，信息安全(Security)二、ISO/IEC27002对信息安全的定义是：保持信息的保密性、完整性、可用性。
IEC62443针对工控系统信息安全的定义是：A、保护系统所采取的措施；B、由建立和维护保护系统的措施所得到的系统状态；C、能够免于对系统资源的非授权访问和非授权或意外的变更、破坏或者损失。
D、基于计算机系统的能力，能够保证非授权人员和系统既无法修改软件及其数据也无法访问系统功能，却保证授权人员和系统不被阻止；E、防止对工控系统的非法或有害入侵，或者干扰其正确和计划的操作。
三、工控系统实时性要求响应时间大多在1ms以内；IT系统通常在1s或数秒之内。
四、2011年5月，IEC 62443由最初的《工业通信网络与系统信息安全》改为《工业过程测量、控制和自动化网络与系统信息安全》五、IEC 62443标准分为四个部分，12个文档。
第一部分描述了信息安全的通用方面，如术语、概念、模型、缩略语、符合性度量。
第二部分主要针对用户的信息安全程序。
主要包括整改信息安全系统的管理、人员和程序设计方面，是用户建立其信息安全程序是需要考虑的。
第三部分主要针对系统集成商保护系统所需的技术性信息安全要求。
它主要是系统集成商在把系统组装到一起是需要处理的内容。
包括将整体工业自动化控制系统设计分配到各个区域和通道的方法，以及信息安全保障等级的定义和要求。
第四部分：主要针对制造商提供的单个部件的技术性信息安全要求。
包括系统的硬件、软件和信息部分，以及当开发或获取这些类型的部件时需要考虑的特定技术性信息安全要求。
总之，IEC62443标准通过四个部分，对资产所有者、系统集成商、组件供应商进行了相关信息安全的要求。
IEC 62443-3-3工业过程测量、控制和自动化网络与系统信息安全》（IEC 62443）是针对工业自动化和工业安全的系列标准，指导系统集成商、产品提供商和服务提供商对他们的产品和服务进行安全性评估。
