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考点一、过去分词作定语
1. 单个过去分词作定语。单个过去分词作定语时，常常放在被修饰的词语之前。例如：
Autu mn comes, and there are many falle n leaves on the street.
We must adapt our thi nki ng to the chan ged con ditio ns. 我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况
注意：如果单个过去分词所修饰的词语为不定代词nothing,anything,something或指示代词those,this,these等时，
过去分词常常放在被修饰的词语后面。例如：
There is nothing cha nged in my hometow n since 1999.
2. 过去分词短语作定语。过去分词短语作定语，常常放在被修饰的词语之后，其作用相当于一个定语从句。
例如：Most of the guests in vited to my birthday party were my school frien ds. = Most of the guests who were in vited to my birthday party were my school frien ds.
The concert give n by their friends was a success. 他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功.
3. 过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语，前后常有逗号.
The meeti ng, atte nded by over five thousa nd people, welcomed the great hero. 他们举行了欢迎英雄的大会,至U
会的有五千多人.
4. 用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以转移到修饰非人的事物，这种过去分词在形式上虽不直接修饰人，但它所修饰的事物仍与人直接有关.
The boy looked up with a pleased expressio n. 男孩带着满意的表情举目而视
注意区别：
1. 非谓语动词的被动式作定语的三种形式：
the bridge to be built将要建造的桥（表示将来的被动的动作）
the bridge being built正在建造的桥（表示正在进行的被动动作）
the bridge built造好的桥（表示完成的被动动作）
2. 过去分词和-ing分词作定语的区别：
过去分词作定语和-ing分词作定语有一定的区别。试比较下面几组短语：
boiled water 开水boiling water 正沸腾的水
developed countries 发展的国家developing countries 发展中国家
fallen leaves落叶falling leaves正在飘落的叶子
changed condition 改变了的情况changing condition 变化着的情况
由此可见，过去分词作定语通常表示完成的或被动的动作；而-ing分词作定语可以表示正在进行的主动的动作。
考点二、过去分词作表语
1. 过去分词用作表语时，通常说明主语所处的状态或感受等。例如：
I noticed the doors and windows were locked when I came to see him.
She seemed terribly shocked upon hearing the sad news.
过去分词和-ing分词作表语的区别：
过去分词作表语通常表示主语所处的状态或感受，修饰人；而-ing分词作表语多表示主语所具有的特征，修饰物.如：Heari ng the n ews, we felt very surprised.听到那个消息，我们感到很惊讶
The news is very surprising. 这个消息很令人惊讶。
They were frighte ned to hear the frighte ning sound. 他们听至U那可怕的声音很害怕。
At the sight of the moving scene, all the people prese nt were moved to tears. 看至U这么动人的情景，所有在场的人者E
感动得流下了眼泪。
英语中这样的分词还有很多，如：amus ing, amused; en couragi ng, en couraged; disappo in ti ng, disappo in ted; excit ing,
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excited; puzzling, puzzled; satisfying, satisfied; worrying, worried; tiring, tired; pleasing, pleased; interesting, interested; astonishing, astonished 等。
实战演练：
1. The water in this glass is too hot. I prefer some cold ___ water.A. to boil B. having boiled C. boiled D. boiling
2. The problem just ______ is an important one.A. to be referred to B. referred to C. referring to D. referred
3. ——A man was killed.
——Where is the body of the _______ man? A. murder B. murdered C. murdering D. having murdered
4. China Daily, first _______ in 1980, is very popular with students of English in China.
A. published
B. was published
C. having published
D. having been published
5. The great hall was crowded with many people, _______ many children ______ on their parents laps.
A. including; seated
B. including; seating
C. including; sat
D. included; sitting
6. ——How did Bob do in the exam this time?
——Well, his father seems _____ with his results. A. pleasing B. please C. pleased D. to please
7. Prices of daily goods _____ through a computer can be lower than store prices.
A. are bought
B. bought
C. been bought
D. buying
8. ——What ' s the main purpose of tonight ' s meeting?
——We are going to talk about the problem _____ at the last meeting.
A. discussed
B. discussing
C. being discussed
D. having discussed
9. The first textbooks _____ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
A. having written
B. to be written
C. being written
D. written
10. ——How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers? ——The key the problem is to meet the demand by the customers.
A. to solving; making
B. to solving; made
C. to solve; making
D. to solve; made Key: 1~5 CBBAA 6~10 CBADB
考点三过去分词作宾语补足语
及物动词的过去分词作宾语补足语，表示宾语是过去分词动作的承受者，构成逻辑上的动宾关系。常见的情况有下列几种：
一、表示“致使”意义的动词。如: have, make, get, keep, leave 等。
(1) I'll have my hair cut tomorrow. 明天我要理发。
(2) He got his tooth pulled out yesterday. 他昨天把牙拔了。
(3) Don't leave those things undone. 要把那些事情做完。
(4) He managed to get the task finished on time. 他设法按时完成了任务。注意：使役动词have 接过去分词作宾补有两种情况。
①主语让别人做某事，强调主语的意志。如：
He had his hair cut yesterday. 他昨天理发了。
Later on the cen ter had a great many new trees pla nted.后来，这个中心让人种了很多树。
②主语遭到某种不幸或陷入恶劣的环境，说明宾语的一种无意识的被动行为。如：
He had his leg broken in the match last month. 他在上星期的比赛中摔断了腿。
