princ-ch09-presentation

This publication adds the Eight Channel RTD module to the Ovation I/O Reference Manual. It should be placed between Sections 19 and 20.Date: 04/03IPU No.243Ovation ® Interim Publication UpdatePUBLICATION TITLEOvation I/O Reference ManualPublication No. R3-1150Revision 3, March 2003Section 19A. Eight Channel RTDModule19A-1. DescriptionThe Eight (8) channel RTD module is used to convert inputs from Resistance Temperature Detectors (RTDs) to digital data. The digitized data is transmitted to the Controller.19A-2. Module Groups19A-2.1. Electronics ModulesThere is one Electronics module group for the 8 channel RTD Module:n5X00119G01 converts inputs for all ranges and is compatible only with Personality module 5X00121G01 (not applicable for CE Mark certified systems).19A-2.2. Personality ModulesThere is one Personality module groups for the 8 channel RTD Module:n5X00121G01 converts inputs for all ranges and is compatible only with Electronics module 5x00119G01 (not applicable for CE Mark certified systems).19A-2.3. Module Block Diagram and Field Connection WiringDiagramThe Ovation 8 Channel RTD module consists of two modules an electronics module contains a logic printed circuit board (LIA) and a printed circuit board (FTD). The electronics module is used in conjunction with a personalty module, which contains a single printed circuit board (PTD). The block diagram for the 8 channel RTD moduleis shown in Figure 19A-1.Table 19A-1. 8 Channel RTD Module Subsystem ChannelsElectronic Module Personality Module85X00119G015X00121G01Figure 19A-1. 8 Channel RTD Module Block Diagram and Field Connection Wiring Diagram19A-3. SpecificationsElectronics Module (5X00119)Personality Module (5X00121)Table 19A-2. 8 Channel RTD Module SpecificationsDescription ValueNumber of channels8Sampling rate50 HZ mode: 16.67/sec. normally. In 3 wire mode, leadresistance measurement occurs once every 6.45 sec.during which the rate drops to 3/sec.60 HZ mode: 20/sec. normally. In 3 wire mode, leadresistance measurement occurs once every 6.45 sec.during which the rate drops to 2/sec.Self Calibration Mode: Occurs on demand only. The ratedrops to 1/sec. once during each self calibration cycle.RTD ranges Refer to Table 19A-3.Resolution12 bitsGuaranteed accuracy (@25°C)0.10% ±[0.045 (Rcold/Rspan)]% ± [((Rcold + Rspan)/4096 OHM)]% ± [0.5 OHM/Rspan]% ±10 m V ± 1/2LSBwhere:Rcold and Rspan are in Ohms.Temperature coefficient 10ppm/°CDielectric isolation:Channel to channel Channel to logic 200V AC/DC 1000 V AC/DCInput impedance100 M OHM50 K OHM in power downModule power 3.6 W typical; 4.2 W maximumOperating temperature range0 to 60°C (32°F to 140°F)Storage temperature range-40°C to 85°C (-40°F to 185°F)Humidity (non-condensing)0 to 95%Self Calibration On Demand by Ovation ControllerCommon Mode Rejection120 dB @ DC and nominal power line frequency+/- 1/2%Normal Mode Rejection100 dB @ DC and nominal power line frequency+/- 1/2%Table 19A-3. 8 Channel RTD RangesScale #(HEX)Wires Type Tempo FTempo CRcold(ohm)Rhot(ohm)Excitationcurrent(ma)Accuracy± ±countsAccuracy± ±% ofSPAN1310OhmPL0 to1200–18 t o6496106.3 1.090.222310OhmCU 0 to302–18 t o1508.516.5 1.0 130.32D350OhmCU 32 to2840 to1405080 1.0110.2711350OhmCU 32 to2300 to1105378 1.0120.30193100Ohm PL –4 to334–16 t o16892163.671.0110.27223100Ohm PL 32 to5200 to269100200 1.0100.25233100Ohm PL 32 to10400 to561100301 1.0100.25253120Ohm NI –12 t o464–11 t o240109360 1.0100.25263120Ohm NI 32 to1500 to70120170 1.0130.32283120Ohm NI 32 to2780 to122120225 1.0110.27804100Ohm PL 32 to5440 to290100 208 1.0100.25814100Ohm PL 356 t o446180 t o230168 186 1.0300.74824200Ohm PL 32 to6980 to370200 473 1.0120.30834200Ohm PL 514 t o648268 t o342402452 1.0290.71844100Ohm PL 32 to1240 to51100120 1.0190.47854100Ohm PL 32 to2170 to103100 140 1.0130.3286 4100Ohm PL 32 to4120 to211100 180 1.0110.27874100Ohm PL 32 to7140 to379100 240 1.0100.25884120Ohm PL 511 t o662266 t o350200230 1.0240.5919A-4. 8 Channel RTD Terminal Block Wiring Information19A-4.1. Systems Using Personality Module 5X00121G01 Each Personality module has a simplified wiring diagram label on its side, which appears above the terminal block. This diagram indicates how the wiring from the field is to beconnected to the terminal block in the base unit. The following table lists and defines the abbreviations used in this diagram.Table 19A-4. Abbreviations Used in the DiagramAbbreviation Definition+IN, -IN Positive and negative sense input connectionEarth ground terminal. Used for landing shields when the shield is to begrounded at the module.PS+, PS-Auxiliary power supply terminals.RTN Return for current source connection.SH Shield connector. used for landing shields when the shield is to begrounded at the RTD.SRC Current source connection.Note:PS+ and PS- are not used by this module.19A-5. 8 Channel RTD Module Address Locations19A-5.1. Configuration and Status RegisterWord address 13 (D in Hex) is used for both module configuration and module status. The Module Status Register has both status and diagnostic information. The bit information contained within these words is shown in Table 19A-5.Definitions for the Configuration/Module Status Register bits:Bit 0:This bit configures the module (write) or indicates the configuration state of the module (read). A “1” indicates that the module is configured. Note that until the module is configured, reading from addresses #0 through #11 (B in Hex) will produce an attention status.Bit 1:This bit (write “1”) forces the module into the error state, resulting in the error LED being lit. The read of bit “1” indicates that there is an internal module error,or the controller has forced the module into the error state. The state of this bit is always reflected by the module’s Internal Error LED. Whenever this bit is set,an attention status is returned to the controller when address #0 through #11(B in Hex) are read.Table 19A-5. 8 Channel RTD Configuration/Status Register (Address 13 0xD in Hex)Bit Data Description -Configuration Register (Write)Data Description -Status Register (Read)0Configure Module Module Configured(1 = configured; 0 = unconfigured)1Force errorInternal or forced error(1 = forced error; 0 = no forced error)250/60 Hz select (0 = 60Hz, 1 = 50Hz)50/60 Hz System (1 = 50Hz) d(read back)3SELF_CAL (Initiates Self Calibration)Warming bit (set during power up or configuration)40050060Module Not Calibrated 708CH.1 _ 3/4 Wire.CH.1 _ 3/4 Wire - Configuration (read back)9CH.2 _ 3/4 Wire.CH.2 _ 3/4 Wire - Configuration (read back)10CH.3 _ 3/4 Wire.CH.3 _ 3/4 Wire - Configuration (read back)11CH.4 _ 3/4 Wire.CH.4 _ 3/4 Wire - Configuration (read back)12CH.5 _ 3/4 Wire.CH.5 _ 3/4 Wire - Configuration (read back)13CH.6 _ 3/4 Wire.CH.6 _ 3/4 Wire - Configuration (read back)14CH.7 _ 3/4 Wire.CH.7 _ 3/4 Wire - Configuration (read back)15CH.8 _ 3/4 Wire.CH.8 _ 3/4 Wire - Configuration (read back)Bit 2:The status of this bit (read) indicates the conversion rate of the module, write to this bit configures the conversion rate of A/D converters as shown below.see Table 19A-6.Bit3:Write: This bit is used to initiate self-calibration. Read: This bit indicates that the module is in the “Warming” state. this state exists after power up and ter-minates after 8.16 seconds. the module will be in the error condition during the warm up period.Bit4 & 5:These bits are not used and read as “0” under normal operation.Bit 6:This bit (read) is the result of a checksum test of the EEPROM. A failure of this test can indicate a bad EEPROM, but it typically indicates that the module has not been calibrated. A “0” indicates that there is no error condition. If an error is present, the internal error LED is lit and attention status will be returned for all address offsets 0-11 (0x0 - 0xB). The “1” state of this bit indicates an unre-coverable error condition in the field.Bit 7:This bits is not used and read as “0” under normal operation.Bit 8 - 15:These bits are used to configure channels 1 - 8 respectively for 3 or 4 wire op-eration. A “0” indicates 3 wire and a “1” indicates 4 wire operation, see Table 19A-7 and Table 19A-8).Word address 12 (0xC) is used to configure the appropriate scales for Channels 1 - 4 (refer to Table 19A-7 and Table 19A-8).Table 19A-6. Conversion Rate Conversion Rate (1/sec.)Bit 260 (for 60Hz systems)050 (for 50Hz systems)1Table 19A-7. Data Format for the Channel Scale Configuration Register(0xC)Bit Data Description Configuration (Write)Data Description Status (Read)0 Configure Channel #1scale - Bit 0Channel #1 scale configuration (read back) - Bit 01Configure Channel #1scale - Bit 1Channel #1 scale configuration (read back) - Bit 12Configure Channel #1scale - Bit 2Channel #1 scale configuration (read back) - Bit 23Configure Channel #1scale - Bit 3Channel #1 scale configuration (read back) - Bit 34Configure Channel #2 scale - Bit 0Channel #2 scale configuration (read back) - Bit 05Configure Channel #2 scale - Bit 1Channel #2 scale configuration (read back) - Bit 16Configure Channel #2 scale - Bit 2Channel #2 scale configuration (read back) - Bit 27Configure Channel #2 scale - Bit 3Channel #2 scale configuration (read back) - Bit 38Configure Channel #3 scale - Bit 0Channel #3 scale configuration (read back) - Bit 09Configure Channel #3 scale - Bit 1Channel #3 scale configuration (read back) - Bit 1Caution:Configuring any or all channel scales while the system is running will cause all channels to return attention status for up to two seconds following the reconfiguration.Caution:Configuring any or all channel scales while the system is running will cause all channels to return attention status for up to two seconds following the reconfiguration.10Configure Channel #3 scale - Bit 2Channel #3 scale configuration (read back) - Bit 211Configure Channel #3 scale - Bit 3Channel #3 scale configuration (read back) - Bit 312Configure Channel #4 scale - Bit 0Channel #4 scale configuration (read back) - Bit 013Configure Channel #4 scale - Bit 1Channel #4 scale configuration (read back) - Bit 114Configure Channel #4 scale - Bit 2Channel #4 scale configuration (read back) - Bit 215Configure Channel #4 scale - Bit 3Channel #4 scale configuration (read back) - Bit 3Table 19A-8. Data Format for the Channel Scale Configuration Register(0xE)Bit Data Description Configuration (Write)Data Description Status (Read)0 Configure Channel #5 scale - Bit 0Channel #5 scale configuration (read back) - Bit 01Configure Channel #5 scale - Bit 1Channel #5 scale configuration (read back) - Bit 12Configure Channel #5 scale - Bit 2Channel #5 scale configuration (read back) - Bit 23Configure Channel #5 scale - Bit 3Channel #5 scale configuration (read back) - Bit 34Configure Channel #6 scale - Bit 0Channel #6 scale configuration (read back) - Bit 05Configure Channel #6 scale - Bit 1Channel #6 scale configuration (read back) - Bit 16Configure Channel #6 scale - Bit 2Channel #6 scale configuration (read back) - Bit 27Configure Channel #6 scale - Bit 3Channel #6 scale configuration (read back) - Bit 38Configure Channel #7 scale - Bit 0Channel #7 scale configuration (read back) - Bit 09Configure Channel #7 scale - Bit 1Channel #7 scale configuration (read back) - Bit 110Configure Channel #7 scale - Bit 2Channel #7 scale configuration (read back) - Bit 211Configure Channel #7 scale - Bit 3Channel #7 scale configuration (read back) - Bit 312Configure Channel #8 scale - Bit 0Channel #8 scale configuration (read back) - Bit 013Configure Channel #8 scale - Bit 1Channel #8 scale configuration (read back) - Bit 114Configure Channel #8 scale - Bit 2Channel #8 scale configuration (read back) - Bit 215Configure Channel #8 scale - Bit 3Channel #8 scale configuration (read back) - Bit 3Table 19A-7. Data Format for the Channel Scale Configuration Register(0xC)19A-6. Diagnostic LEDsTable 19A-9. 8 Channel RTD Diagnostic LEDsLED DescriptionP (Green)Power OK LED. Lit when the +5V power is OK.C (Green)Communications OK LED. Lit when the Controller is communicatingwith the module.I (Red)Internal Fault LED. Lit whenever there is any type of error with themodule except to a loss of power. Possible causes are:n - Module initialization is in progress.n - I/O Bus time-out has occurred.n - Register, static RAM, or FLASH checksum error.n - Module resetn - Module is uncalibrated.n - Forced error has been received from the Controllern - Communication between the Field and Logic boards failedCH1 - CH 8 (Red)Channel error. Lit whenever there is an error associated with a channel or channels. Possible causes are:n - Positive overrangen - Negative overrangen Communication with the channel has failed。

Introduction to PinchTechnology© Copyright 1998 Linnhoff MarchLinnhoff MarchTargeting HouseGadbrook ParkNorthwich, CheshireCW9 7UZ, EnglandTel: +44 (0) 1606 815100Fax: +44 (0) 1606 815151info@1 What this paper containsThis document aims to give an overview of the fundaments of Pinch Technology. The reader will learn:•How to obtain energy targets by the construction of composite curves.•The three rules of the pinch principle by which energy efficient heat exchanger network designs must abide.• About the capital-energy trade off for new and retrofit designs.•Of the best way to make energy saving process modifications.•How to go about multiple utility placement.•How best to integrate distillation columns with the background process.•The most suitable way to integrate heat engines and heat pumps.• The principles of data extraction.•Some of the techniques applied in a study of a total site.The text covers all of the aspects of the technology in PinchExpress, as well as going on to detail theory employed in the SuperTarget suite from Linnhoff March [4]. This suite allows the user to carry out an in depth pinch analysis, using the Process, Column and Site modules.See the relevant pages of the Linnhoff March Web site or contact Linnhoff March for more details.Introduction to Pinch Technology2 © Copyright 1998 Linnhoff March Table of Contents1 W HAT THIS PAPER CONTAINS (1)2 W HAT IS P INCH T ECHNOLOGY ? (4)3 F ROM F LOWSHEET TO P INCH D ATA (5)3.1 Data Extraction Flowsheet (5)3.2 Thermal Data (5)4 E NERGY T ARGETS (6)4.1 Construction of Composite Curves (6)4.2 Determining the Energy Targets (7)4.3 The Pinch Principle (8)5 T ARGETING FOR M ULTIPLE U TILITIES (9)5.1 The Grand Composite Curve (9)5.2 Multiple Utility Targeting with the Grand Composite Curve (11)6 C APITAL - E NERGY T RADE -OFFS (12)6.1 New Designs (12)6.2 Retrofit (14)7 P ROCESS M ODIFICATIONS (21)7.1 The plus-minus principle for process modifications (21)7.2 Distillation Columns (23)8 P LACEMENT OF H EAT E NGINES AND H EAT P UMPS (26)8.1 Appropriate integration of heat engines (26)8.2 Appropriate integration of heat pumps (28)9 H EAT E XCHANGER N ETWORK D ESIGN (30)9.1 The Difference Between Streams and Branches (31)9.2 The Grid Diagram for heat exchanger network representation (32)9.3 The New Design Method (33)9.4 Heat Exchanger Network Design for Retrofits (39)10 D ATA E XTRACTION P RINCIPLES (47)10.1 Do not carry over features of the existing solution (48)10.2 Do not mix streams at different temperatures (49)10.3 Extract at effective temperatures (50)10.4 Extract streams on the safe side (51)10.5 Do not extract true utility streams (52)10.6 Identify soft data (52)11 T OTAL S ITE I MPROVEMENT (53)11.1 Total site data extraction (54)11.2 Total site analysis (56)11.3 Selection of options: Total Site Road Map (59)12 R EFERENCES ........................................................................................................................62 List of FiguresF IGURE 1: "O NION D IAGRAM " OF HIERARCHY IN PROCESS DESIGN (4)F IGURE 2: D ATA E XTRACTION FOR P INCH A NALYSIS (5)F IGURE 3: C ONSTRUCTION OF C OMPOSITE C URVES (7)F IGURE 4: U SING THE HOT AND COLD COMPOSITE CURVES TO DETERMINE THE ENERGY TARGETS (7)F IGURE 5: T HE P INCH P RINCIPLE (8)F IGURE 6: U SING C OMPOSITE C URVES FOR M ULTIPLE U TILITIES T ARGETING (9)F IGURE 7: C ONSTRUCTION OF THE G RAND C OMPOSITE C URVE (10)F IGURE 8: U SING THE G RAND C OMPOSITE C URVE FOR M ULTIPLE U TILITIES T ARGETING (11)F IGURE 9: V ERTICAL HEAT TRANSFER BETWEEN THE COMPOSITE CURVES LEADS TO MINIMUMNETWORK SURFACE AREA (13)F IGURE 10: T HE TRADE -OFF BETWEEN ENERGY AND CAPITAL COSTS GIVES THE OPTIMUM DT MIN FORMINIMUM COST IN NEW DESIGNS (14)F IGURE 11: C APITAL ENERGY TRADE OFF FOR RETROFIT APPLICATIONS (15)F IGURE 12: A REA E FFICIENCY CONCEPT (16)F IGURE 13: T ARGETING FOR RETROFIT APPLICATIONS (16)Introduction to Pinch Technology3F IGURE 14: T ARGETING FOR RETROFIT APPLICATIONS (17)F IGURE 15: E FFECT OF SHAPE OF COMPOSITE CURVES ON OPTIMUM PROCESS DT MIN (19)F IGURE 16: M ODIFYING THE PROCESS , (A ) T HE +/- PRINCIPLE FOR PROCESS MODIFICATIONS (B )T EMPERATURE CHANGES CAN AFFECT THE ENERGY TARGETS ONLY IF STREAMS ARE SHIFTEDTHROUGH THE PINCH (22)F IGURE 17: P ROCEDURE FOR OBTAINING C OLUMN G RAND C OMPOSITE C URVE (23)F IGURE 18: U SING C OLUMN G RAND C OMPOSITE C URVE TO IDENTIFY COLUMN MODIFICATIONS (24)F IGURE 19: A PPROPRIATE I NTEGRATION OF A DISTILLATION COLUMN WITH THE BACKGROUNDPROCESS (25)F IGURE 20: A PPROPRIATE P LACEMENT P RINCIPLE FOR HEAT ENGINES (27)F IGURE 21: P LACEMENT OF STEAM AND GAS TURBINES AGAINST THE GRAND COMPOSITE CURVE (28)F IGURE 22: P LACEMENT OF HEAT PUMPS (29)F IGURE 23: A POINTED ‘NOSE ’ AT THE PROCESS OR UTILITY PINCH INDICATES A GOOD HEAT PUMPOPPORTUNITY (30)F IGURE 24: K EY STEPS IN P INCH T ECHNOLOGY (30)F IGURE 25: T HEG RID DIAGRAM FOR EASIER REPRESENTATION OF THE HEAT EXCHANGER NETWORK 32F IGURE 26: G RID DIAGRAM FOR THE EXAMPLE PROBLEM (33)F IGURE 27: C RITERIA FOR TEMPERATURE FEASIBILITY AT THE PINCH (34)F IGURE 28: N ETWORK DESIGN BELOW THE PINCH (35)F IGURE 29: C OMPLETED MER NETWORK DESIGN BASED ON PINCH DESIGN METHOD (36)F IGURE 30: C RITERIA FOR STREAM SPLITTING AT THE PINCH BASED ON NUMBER OF STREAMS AT THEPINCH (36)F IGURE 31: I NCOMING STREAM SPLIT TO COMPLY WITH CP OUT = CP IN RULE (37)F IGURE 32: A SUMMARY OF STREAM SPLITTING PROCEDURE DURING NETWORK DESIGN (37)F IGURE 33: A HEAT LOAD LOOP (37)F IGURE 34: A HEAT LOAD PATH (38)F IGURE 35: U SING A PATH TO REDUCE UTILITY USE (38)F IGURE 36: H IERARCHY OF RETROFIT DESIGN (40)F IGURE 37: D ELETE EXISTING NETWORK BEFORE APPLYING THE PINCH D ESIGN M ETHOD (40)F IGURE 38: P ROCEDURE FOR CORRECTING CROSS -PINCH EXCHANGERS (41)F IGURE 39: E XAMPLE FOR RETROFIT DESIGN USING C ROSS -P INCH A NALYSIS (41)F IGURE 40: P INCHES REPORT INDICATE THAT THE MOST SIGNIFICANT PINCH REGION IS U:377.09(HP-S TEAM (GEN )) (42)F IGURE 41: T HE LARGEST PENALTY AT U:377.09 IS EXCHANGER FDEF (42)F IGURE 42: T HE BENEFIT REPORTED AFTER DELETING EXCHANGER FDEF AND COOLER Q_D6 (43)F IGURE 43: T HE SAVINGS ACHIEVED AFTER COMPLETING THE DESIGN (43)F IGURE 44: E XAMPLE REQUIRING P ATH A NALYSIS FOR RETROFIT DESIGN (45)F IGURE 45: P ARALLEL COMPOSITE CURVES WITH NO INTERMEDIATE UTILITIES (45)F IGURE 46: P ATHS IN THE EXISTING NETWORK (46)F IGURE 47: M ODIFYING TWO PATHS SAVES 14.74MM KCAL /H (46)F IGURE 48: D RAG AND DROP OF EXCHANGER TO A NEW POSITION IMPROVES DRIVING FORCE ON PATHEXCHANGERS (46)F IGURE 49: W ITH DRIVING FORCES IMPROVED , THE TWO PATHS CAN NOW BE USED TO ACHIEVE THEFULL SAVINGS POTENTIAL (47)F IGURE 50: F INAL RETROFIT NETWORK (47)F IGURE 51: E XAMPLE P ROCESS F LOWSHEET (48)F IGURE 52: O RIGINAL D ATA E XTRACTION AND D ESIGN (49)F IGURE 53: I MPROVED D ATA E XTRACTION AND D ESIGN (49)F IGURE 54: M IXING AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES MAY INVOLVE IN -EFFICIENT CROSS -PINCH HEATTRANSFER THUS INCREASING THE ENERGY REQUIREMENT (50)F IGURE 55: I SOTHERMAL MIXING AVOIDS CROSS -PINCH HEAT TRANSFER SO DO NOT MIX AT DIFFERENTTEMPERATURES (50)F IGURE 56: E VERY STREAM MUST BE EXTRACTED AT THE TEMPERATURE AT WHICH IT IS AVAILABLE TOOTHER PROCESS STREAMS (51)F IGURE 57: S TREAM LINEARISATION , A ) AND B ) COULD BE INFEASIBLE , C ) IS SAFE SIDE LINEARISATION .52 F IGURE 58: S TREAM DATA EXTRACTION FOR “SOFT DATA ” (53)F IGURE 59: S CHEMATIC OF A SITE , SHOWING PRODUCTION PROCESSES WHICH ARE OPERATEDSEPARATELY FROM EACH OTHER BUT ARE LINKED INDIRECTLY THROUGH THE UTILITY SYSTEM ..54F IGURE 60: C ONSTRUCTION OF T OTAL S ITE P ROFILES FROM PROCESS GRAND COMPOSITE CURVES 55F IGURE 61: T OTAL SITE TARGETING FOR FUEL , CO -GENERATION , EMISSIONS AND COOLING (56)Introduction to Pinch Technology4 © Copyright 1998 Linnhoff MarchF IGURE 62: E XISTING SITE (57)F IGURE 63: P ROPOSED EXPANSION OF THE SITE INVOLVING ADDITION OF A NEW PROCESS (58)F IGURE 64: A LTERNATIVE OPTION BASED ON T OTAL S ITE P ROFILES (58)F IGURE 65: T OTAL S ITE R OAD M AP (60)F IGURE 66: K EY STEPS IN TOTAL SITE IMPROVEMENT (60)2 What is Pinch Technology?Pinch Technology provides a systematic methodology for energy saving in processes andtotal sites. The methodology is based on thermodynamic principles. Figure 1 illustrates therole of Pinch Technology in the overall process design. The process design hierarchy can berepresented by the “onion diagram” [2, 3] as shown below. The design of a process startswith the reactors (in the “core” of the onion). Once feeds, products, recycle concentrationsand flowrates are known, the separators (the second layer of the onion) can be designed.The basic process heat and material balance is now in place, and the heat exchangernetwork (the third layer) can be designed. The remaining heating and cooling duties arehandled by the utility system (the fourth layer). The process utility system may be a part of acentralised site-wide utility system.Figure 1: "Onion Diagram" of hierarchy in process designA Pinch Analysis starts with the heat and material balance for the process. Using PinchTechnology, it is possible to identify appropriate changes in the core process conditions thatcan have an impact on energy savings (onion layers one and two). After the heat and materialbalance is established, targets for energy saving can be set prior to the design of the heatexchanger network. The Pinch Design Method ensures that these targets are achieved duringthe network design. Targets can also be set for the utility loads at various levels (e.g. steamand refrigeration levels). The utility levels supplied to the process may be a part of acentralised site-wide utility system (e.g. site steam system). Pinch Technology extends to thesite level, wherein appropriate loads on the various steam mains can be identified in order tominimise the site wide energy consumption. Pinch Technology therefore provides a consistent methodology for energy saving, from the basic heat and material balance to thetotal site utility system.Introduction to Pinch Technology53 From Flowsheet to Pinch DataPinchExpress carries out automatic data extraction from a converged simulation. Whatfollows here is a brief overview of how flowsheet data are used in pinch analysis. Dataextraction is covered in more depth in "Data Extraction Principles" in section 10.3.1 Data Extraction FlowsheetData extraction relates to the extraction of information required for Pinch Analysis from agiven process heat and material balance. Figure 2(a) shows an example process flow-sheetinvolving a two stage reactor and a distillation column. The process already has heatrecovery, represented by the two process to process heat exchangers. The hot utility demandof the process is 1200 units (shown by H) and the cold utility demand is 360 units (shown byC). Pinch Analysis principles will be applied to identify the energy saving potential (or target)for the process and subsequently to aid the design of the heat exchanger network to achieve that targeted saving.Figure 2: Data Extraction for Pinch AnalysisIn order to start the Pinch Analysis the necessary thermal data must be extracted from theprocess. This involves the identification of process heating and cooling duties. Figure 2(b)shows the flow-sheet representation of the example process which highlights the heating andcooling demands of the streams without any reference to the existing exchangers . This iscalled the data extraction flow-sheet representation. The reboiler and condenser duties havebeen excluded from the analysis for simplicity. In an actual study however, these dutiesshould be included. The assumption in the data extraction flow-sheet is that any processcooling duty is available to match against any heating duty in the process. No existing heatexchanger is assumed unless it is excluded from Pinch Analysis for specific reasons.3.2 Thermal DataIntroduction to Pinch TechnologyTable 1: Thermal Data required for Pinch AnalysisTable 1 shows the thermal data for Pinch Analysis. “Hot steams” are the streams that needcooling (i.e. heat sources) while “cold streams” are the streams that need heating (i.e. heatsinks). The supply temperature of the stream is denoted as Ts and target temperature as Tt.The heat capacity flow rate (CP) is the mass flowrate times the specific heat capacity i.e.CP = Cp x Mwhere Cp is the specific heat capacity of the stream (KJ/ºC, kg) and M is the mass flowrate(kg/sec). The CP of a stream is measured as enthalpy change per unit temperature (kW/ºC orequivalent units). For this example a minimum temperature difference of 10ºC is assumedduring the analysis which is the same as in the existing process, as highlighted in Figure 2(a).The hot utility is steam available at 200ºC and the cold utility is cooling water availablebetween 25ºC to 30ºC.4 Energy TargetsStarting from the thermal data for a process (such as shown in Table 1), Pinch Analysisprovides a target for the minimum energy consumption. The energy targets are obtainedusing a tool called the “Composite Curves”.4.1 Construction of Composite CurvesComposite Curves consist of temperature-enthalpy (T-H) profiles of heat availability in theprocess (the “hot composite curve”) and heat demands in the process (the “cold compositecurve”) together in a graphical representation. Figure 3 illustrates the construction of the “hotcomposite curve” for the example process, which has two hot streams (stream number 1 and2, see Table 1). Their T-H representation is shown in Figure 3(a) and their compositerepresentation is shown in Figure 3(b). Stream 1 has a CP of 20 kW/°C, and is cooled from180°C to 80°C, releasing 2000kW of heat. Stream 2 is cooled from 130°C to 40°C and with aCP of 40kW/°C and loses 3600kW.6 © Copyright 1998 Linnhoff MarchIntroduction to Pinch Technology7Figure 3: Construction of Composite CurvesThe construction of the hot composite curve (as shown in Figure 3(b)) simply involves theaddition of the enthalpy changes of the streams in the respective temperature intervals. In thetemperature interval 180ºC to 130ºC only stream 1 is present. Therefore the CP of thecomposite curve equals the CP of stream 1 i.e. 20. In the temperature interval 130ºC to 80ºC,both streams 1 and 2 are present, therefore the CP of the hot composite equals the sum ofthe CP’s of the two streams i.e. 20+40=60. In the temperature interval 80ºC to 40ºC onlystream 2 is present, thus the CP of the composite is 40. The construction of the coldcomposite curve is similar to that of the hot composite curve involving the combination of thecold stream T-H curves for the process.4.2 Determining the Energy TargetsThe composite curves provide a counter-current picture of heat transfer and can be used toindicate the minimum energy target for the process. This is achieved by overlapping the hotand cold composite curves, as shown in Figure 4(a), separating them by the minimumtemperature difference DT min (10ºC for the example process). This overlap shows themaximum process heat recovery possible (Figure 4(b)), indicating that the remaining heatingand cooling needs are the minimum hot utility requirement (Q Hmin ) and the minimum coldutility requirement (Q Cmin ) of the process for the chosen DT min.Figure 4: Using the hot and cold composite curves to determine the energy targetsThe composite curves in Figure 4 have been constructed for the example process (Figure 2and Table 1). The minimum hot utility (Q Hmin ) for the example problem is 960 units which isless than the existing process energy consumption of 1200 units. The potential for energysaving is therefore 1200-960 = 240 units by using the same value of DT min as the existingIntroduction to Pinch Technology8 © Copyright 1998 Linnhoff Marchprocess. Using Pinch Analysis, targets for minimum energy consumption can be set purely onthe basis of heat and material balance information, prior to heat exchanger network design.This allows quick identification of the scope for energy saving at an early stage.4.3 The Pinch PrincipleThe point where DT min is observed is known as the “Pinch” and recognising its implicationsallows energy targets to be realised in practice. Once the pinch has been identified, it ispossible to consider the process as two separate systems: one above and one below thepinch, as shown in Figure 5(a). The system above the pinch requires a heat input and istherefore a net heat sink. Below the pinch, the system rejects heat and so is a net heatsource.Figure 5: The Pinch PrincipleIn Figure 5(b), α amount of heat is transferred from above the pinch to below the pinch. Thesystem above the pinch, which was before in heat balance with Q Hmin , now loses α units ofheat to the system below the pinch. To restore the heat balance, the hot utility must beincreased by the same amount, that is, α units. Below the pinch, α units of heat are added tothe system that had an excess of heat, therefore the cold utility requirement also increases byα units. In conclusion, the consequence of a cross-pinch heat transfer (α) is that both the hotand cold utility will increase by the cross-pinch duty (α).For the example process (Figure 2, Figure 4) the cross pinch heat transfer in the existingprocess is equal to 1200-960 = 240 units.Figure 5(b) also shows γ amount of external cooling above the pinch and β amount of external heating below the pinch. The external cooling above the pinch of γ amount increasesthe hot utility demand by the same amount. Therefore on an overall basis both the hot andcold utilities are increased by γ amount. Similarly external heating below the pinch of βamount increases the overall hot and cold utility requirement by the same amount (i.e. β).To summarise, the understanding of the pinch gives three rules that must be obeyed in orderto achieve the minimum energy targets for a process:•Heat must not be transferred across the pinch • There must be no external cooling above the pinchIntroduction to Pinch Technology9• There must be no external heating below the pinchViolating any of these rules will lead to cross-pinch heat transfer resulting in an increase inthe energy requirement beyond the target. The rules form the basis for the network designprocedure which is described in "Heat Exchanger Network Design" section 9. The designprocedure for heat exchanger networks ensures that there is no cross pinch heat transfer. Forretrofit applications the design procedure “corrects” the exchangers that are passing the heatacross the pinch.5 Targeting for Multiple UtilitiesThe energy requirement for a process is supplied via several utility levels e.g. steam levels,refrigeration levels, hot oil circuit, furnace flue gas etc. The general objective is to maximisethe use of the cheaper utility levels and minimise the use of the expensive utility levels. Forexample, it is preferable to use LP steam instead of HP steam, and cooling water instead ofrefrigeration. The composite curves provide overall energy targets but do not clearly indicatehow much energy needs to be supplied by different utility levels. This is illustrated in Figure 6.Figure 6: Using Composite Curves for Multiple Utilities TargetingThe composite curves in Figure 6(a) provide targets for the extreme utility levels HP steamand cooling water. Figure 6(b) shows the construction of the composite curves if LP steamconsumption replaces part of the HP steam consumption. The LP steam load is added to thehot composite curve as shown in Figure 6(b). As the LP steam consumption increases aDT min temperature difference is reached between the composite curves. This is the maximumLP consumption that can replace the HP steam consumption. Every time a new utility level isadded, the same procedure would have to be repeated in order to set the load on the newutility level. The shape of the composite curves will change with every new utility leveladdition and the overall construction becomes quite complex for several utility levels. Thecomposite curves are therefore a difficult tool for setting loads for the multiple utility levels.What is required is a clear visual representation of the selected utilities and the associatedenthalpy change without the disadvantages of using composite curves. For this purpose, theGrand Composite Curve is used.5.1 The Grand Composite CurveIntroduction to Pinch Technology10 © Copyright 1998 Linnhoff March The tool that is used for setting multiple utility targets is called the Grand Composite Curve, the construction of which is illustrated in Figure 7. This starts with the composite curves as shown in Figure 7(a). The first step is to make adjustments in the temperatures of the composite curves as shown in Figure 7(b). This involves increasing the cold composite temperature by ½ DT min and decreasing the hot composite temperature by ½ DT min .This temperature shifting of the process streams and utility levels ensures that even when the utility levels touch the grand composite curve, the minimum temperature difference of DT min is maintained between the utility levels and the process streams. The temperature shifting therefore makes it easier to target for multiple utilities. As a result of this temperature shift, the composite curves touch each other at the pinch. The curves are called the “shifted composite curves”. The grand composite curve is then constructed from the enthalpy (horizontal) differences between the shifted composite curves at different temperatures (shown by distance α in Figure 7(b) and (c)). The grand composite curve provides the same overall energy target as the composite curves, the HP and refrigeration (ref.) targets are identical in Figure 7(a) and (c).Figure 7: Construction of the Grand Composite CurveThe grand composite curve indicates “shifted” process temperatures. Since the hot process streams are reduced by ½ DT min and cold process streams are increased by ½ DT min , the construction of the grand composite curve automatically ensures that there is at least DT min temperature difference between the hot and cold process streams. The utility levels when placed against the grand composite curve are also shifted by ½ DT min - hot utility temperatures decreased by ½ DT min and cold utility temperatures increased by ½ DT min . For instance steam used at 200ºC will be shown at 190ºC if the DT min is 20ºC. This shifting of utilities temperatures ensures that there is a minimum temperature difference of DT min between the utilities and the corresponding process streams. More importantly, when utility levels touch the grand composite curve, DT min temperature difference is maintained.In PinchExpress there is a further refinement of this approach whereby the utilities are shifted by an amount that guarantees a user-specified approach temperature between the utility and the process streams. This approach temperature does not have to be the same as the process DTmin and can be different for each utility. For example, this is typically set at 40ºC for flue gas, between 10ºC and 20ºC for steam and about 3ºC for low temperaturerefrigeration. For more details see the section "Typical DTmin values for matching utility levels against process streams" on page 20.5.2 Multiple Utility Targeting with the Grand Composite CurveThe grand composite curve provides a convenient tool for setting the targets for the multiple utility levels as illustrated in Figure 8.Figure 8: Using the Grand Composite Curve for Multiple Utilities TargetingFigure 8(a) shows a situation where HP steam is used for heating and refrigeration is used for cooling the process. In order to reduce the utilities cost, intermediate utilities MP steam and cooling water (CW) are introduced. Figure 8(b) shows the construction on the grand composite curve providing targets for all the utilities. The target for MP steam is set by simply drawing a horizontal line at the MP steam temperature level starting from the vertical (shifted temperature) axis until it touches the grand composite curve. The remaining heating duty is then satisfied by the HP steam.This maximises the MP consumption prior to the use of the HP steam and therefore minimises the total utilities cost. Similar construction is performed below the pinch to maximise the use of cooling water prior to the use of refrigeration as shown in Figure 8(b).The points where the MP and CW levels touch the grand composite curve are called the “Utility Pinches” since these are caused by utility levels. A violation of a utility pinch (cross utility pinch heat flow) results in shifting of heat load from a cheaper utility level to a more expensive utility level. A “Process Pinch” is caused by the process streams, and as discussed earlier (in "The Pinch Principle" section 4.3), violation of a process pinch results in an overall heat load penalty for the utilities.Figure 8(c) shows a different possibility of utility levels where furnace heating is used instead of HP steam. Considering that furnace heating is more expensive than MP steam, the use of MP steam is maximised. In the temperature range above the MP steam level, the heating duty has to be supplied by the furnace flue gas. The flue gas flowrate is set as shown in Figure 8(c) by drawing a sloping line starting from the MP steam temperature to theoretical flame temperature (T TFT). If the process pinch temperature is above the flue gas corrosion temperature, the heat available from the flue gas between MP steam and pinch temperature can be used for process heating. This will reduce the MP steam consumption as shown in Figure 8(c). The MP steam load needs to be adjusted accordingly.In summary the grand composite curve is one of the basic tools used in pinch analysis for selection of appropriate utility levels and for targeting for a given set of multiple utility levels.The targeting involves setting appropriate loads for the various utility levels by maximising cheaper utility loads and minimising the loads on expensive utilities.6 Capital - Energy Trade-offsThe best design for an energy efficient heat exchange network will often result in a trade off between the equipment and operating costs. This is dependent on the choice of the DT min for the process. The lower the DT min chosen, the lower the energy costs, but conversely the higher the heat exchanger capital costs, as lower temperature driving forces in the network will result in the need for greater area. A large DT min, on the other hand, will mean increased energy costs as there will be less overall heat recovery, but the required capital costs will be less. The trade-off is further complicated in a retrofit situation, where a capital investment has already been made. This section explains a rational approach to the complex task of capital-energy trade-offs.6.1 New DesignsSo far the use of Pinch Analysis has been considered for setting the energy targets for a process. These targets are dependent on the choice of the DT min for the process. Lowering the value of DT min lowers the target for minimum energy consumption for the process. In this section the concept of heat exchanger network capital cost targets for the process are discussed. For certain types of applications such as refinery crude preheat trains, where there are few matching constraints between hot and cold streams, it is possible to set capital cost targets in addition to the energy targets. This allows the consideration of the trade-offs between capital and energy in order to obtain an optimum value of DT min ahead of network design.This functionality is provided in the SuperTarget Process module developed by Linnhoff March[4].6.1.1 Setting Area TargetsThe composite curves make it possible to determine the energy targets for a given value of DT min. The composite curves can also be used to determine the minimum heat transfer area required to achieve the energy targets:Network Area, A1Tqh minLMjjji=⎡⎣⎢⎢⎤⎦⎥∑∑∆where:i: denotes i th enthalpy intervalj: j th stream∆T LM: log mean temperature difference in interval q j: enthalpy change of j th stream。

CONDOR Mechanical Key Cutting MachineXC-009 User ManualXC-009 Mechanical Key Cutting MachineCONTENTS1 Safety Precautions (5)2 General Information (6)2.1 Machine Description (6)2.2 Characteristics (6)3 Product Packaging Checklist (7)4 Overview (10)4.1 Schematic (10)4.2 Specifications (11)4.3 Main Parts and Function Declaration (13)4.3.1 Hand Wheel (13)4.3.2 Skid Platform (14)4.3.3 Micro-adjust slide (15)4.3.4 Clamp (16)4.3.5 Power Parts (17)5 Equipment Installing and Debugging (18)5.1 Handle Installing (18)5.2 Cutter Installing (19)5.3 Micro-adjust Slide Calibration (20)5.3.1 Lateral Micro-adjust Slide Calibration (21)5.3.2 Longitudinal Micro-adjust Slide Calibration (22)5.4 Clamp Installing (23)6 Use of Equipment (24)6.1 Key Alignment (24)6.1.1 Head spacing (24)6.1.2 Shoulder spacing (25)6.2 Clamp cutting surface selection (26)6.3Use of needle (27)7 Maintenance (28)8 Quality assurance and after-sales instructions (28)9 Appendix (30)1 Safety PrecautionsTo prevent personal injure or machine damage, users should carefully observe the instructions provided by this operation manual and adopt the following safety precautions:●Use the machine under the safe condition●Place the machine on a horizontal surface, which should be firm enough to carrythe weight of the machine.●Do not exposure machine in scorching sun or place the machine in any wet, oily,dusty area.●Keep the machine clean and dry and keep a distance of 30cm from the wall forventilation.●Wear safety glass that meets ANSI standards.●When the machine is working, keep clothing, hair, etc. away from all movingparts.●Do not leave the machine while it is operating.●Do not place anything on the machine while it is operating.●Power plug with ground wire must be connected when charging. Do not usepower plug that is out of power and loose.●Turn off the switch when the machine is not in use or in service.●Shut down the machine immediately when any exception occurs. The switch onthe left side of the machine.●Keep the machine out of reach of children.2 General Information2.1 Machine DescriptionThank you for choosing CONDOR XC-009 Mechanical Key Cutting machine.CONDOR XC-009 Mechanical Key Cutting machine is a portable special device specially designed for global locksmiths. It is small in volume, light in weight and easy to carry.It can quickly and accurately copy and process variety of automobile and resident mechanical key types.Please read it carefully before use. It is crucially important if you wish to operate the machine safely and efficiently.2.2 CharacteristicsCONDOR XC-009 is a new generation of mechanical Key Cutting machine with the following characteristics:●Beautifully designed, full of modernity and technology.●Integrated Casting, Aluminum structure, Durable.●Small volume, Light weight, Easy to carry●Ergonomics designed, More comfortable, simple and convenient.●Micro-adjusted guide for high-precision cutting requirements.●Built-in lithium battery, Super long endurance ability3 Product Packaging ChecklistMain BodyKey spacer2.5mm Allen3mm Allen4mm Allen5mm Allen Tool change 19mm open））））certificate and Product Packaging Checklist(Take4 Overview4.1 SchematicMicro-adjust slideHand wheelHandrailPower display4.2 SpecificationsMachine DimensionsPacking Dimensions175mm285mm200mm4.3 Main Parts and Function Declaration4.3.1 Hand WheelUnscrew the small hand wheel and turn the small hand wheel to achieve cutting feed. By rotating the hand wheel, the clamp slide can be controlled to move left and right, so as to achieve lateral feed during the cutting of the key. The hand wheel adopts a concealed structure, which opens outward when in use and can be hidden after use.4.3.2 Skid PlatformThe clamp Skid Platform can be rotated about the axis of rotation and moved axially to achieve lateral and longitudinal feed of the key. Rotating the hand wheel to realize the lateral feed of the s Skid Platform, holding the handrail and rotating around the axis to realize the key longitudinal feed, the Skid Platform has a lateral stroke of 46mm and the clamp spacing is 95mm.4.3.3 Micro-adjust slideAdjust the Micro-adjust slide to align the cutter with key cutting guide.4.3.4 ClampAllocation and clamp the key, the four-side (A、B、C、D)can be used to copy different key types. The left side is accessory clamp, placed original key, the right side is main clamp, placed blank key. Ensure that left and right clamp use the same cutting surface. Select the proper cutting surface according to different types (refer to chapter 6.2 clamp cutting surface selection and chapter 9 appendix). Be sure to clamp the key before cutting.4.3.5 Power Parts●There is a battery capacity indicator in front of the machine. When the power is low, the indicator is red. Please charge it in time. When power is fully, please unplug the power cord in time. It can be filled about 3-4 hours. After it is full, the machine can be cut the keys 60-100 continuously.●Please use original power cord and adapter.●Please use power socket with ground wire.●Do not cut the key when charging.5 Equipment Installing and Debugging5.1 Handle InstallingIn order to save space, the handrail is separately from the whole machine in the package. Please open the box and install the handrail according to above picture.5.2 Cutter Installing1)While the machine is stopped, slowly rotate the spindle, align the spindle pin hole with the host pin hole, and then insert the tool change rod into the end.2)Installing the cutter on the spindle. Pay Attention to the front and back surface of cutter (with the word facing left), install the cutter block and lock nut (anti-nut).3)Use the 19mm open spanner to tighten the lock screw counterclockwise. Then pull out the tool change rod. After installing the cutter, please refer to chapter 5.3 Fine Adjustment Slide Calibration.5.3 Micro-adjust Slide CalibrationMicro-adjust slide calibration has been finished at the factory. If deviation or incorrect operations are found, please adjust it as follows.Firstly, both clamps are screw to A side, and clamp the Key spacer on both clamps. Closed the Key spacer to clamp, the clamp is tightened. And adjust the lateral and longitudinal adjustment of the slide separately.5.3.1 Lateral Micro-adjust Slide CalibrationPerform lateral adjustment. After clamping the Key spacer, rotate and slide the clamp slide，the left side of cutter is close to the Key spacer, loosen the slide fixing screw slightly, and slowly adjust the left adjustment screw with an Allen wrench. The left side of the key cutting guide is just close to the Key spacer, and the fixing screw is tightened.5.3.2 Longitudinal Micro-adjust Slide CalibrationWhen the longitudinal direction adjusting, slowly rotates the clamp skid platform, align the cutter with the key holder v groove, then rotates the Micro-adjust slide dial, align the key cutting guide with the key holder v groove, rotates the dial 1 small lattice, the key cutting guide moves 0.02mm than before.5.4 Clamp InstallingDo not remove the clamp under normal condition. If it is accidentally disassembled, please install according to the above figure. Pay attention to the clamp surface, otherwise it will not work normally.6 Use of Equipment6.1 Key Alignment6.1.1 Head spacingWhen the key head is spacing, use the alignment block, insert the positioning block into the spacing slot, slowly push the key until it touches the key spacer, the clamp is tightened to remove the key spacer.6.1.2 Shoulder spacingThe original key is fixed on the accessory clamp, the shoulder spacer is aligned, then the blank key is aligned to the shoulder spacer, clamped, and finally the shoulder spacer isrotated to the initial state.If it is found that the distance between the shoulder position and the fixture is inconsistent, it is necessary to calibrate the shoulder spacer. As shown in the following figure, installed the alignment block (refer to chapter 5.3), rotating the shoulder spacing axis, make the left and right shoulder spacer just close to the alignment block A angle, if there is deviation, release the set screw. Slowly move the shoulder spacer, and adjusted the spacer in correct position, then lock the set screw tightly. Remove the key spacer that it can be used normally.6.2 Clamp cutting surface selectionClamp have A, B, C, D on all sides, different types of keys according to the above image to select the appropriate clamping surface, or reference appendix.6.3Use of needleWhen using A or B surface, the clamping depth too deep, cutting less than the complete , you can use the needle, change the clamping depth to ensure normal processing, as shown in the following figure：7 Maintenance●Before cutting the key, please use the brush to clean up the debris of the parts ofthe processing area to avoid the impurity damage and corrosion the machine parts, affecting the key processing accuracy.●Do not use any oily products and detergents to clean all parts of the machine toavoid damage or corrosion the machine parts.●Do not wash machine and parts with water directly, do not wipe the machine withwet cloth, in case of leakage of machine or rust of metal parts●In order to avoid the debris blown into the machine inside, causing safetyproblems，please do not use air guns, hair dryers and other cleaning equipment cleaning processing area.8 Quality assurance and after-sales instructionsCONDOR XC-009 warranty period is one year, subject to the date on the transaction voucher, if no transaction voucher or transaction voucher is lost, the factory record date shall prevail.The following conditions are not free warranty：●Failure to use the instructions as required●Machine damage caused by self repair or modification●Machine failure due to drop, collision or improper voltage●Machine damage caused by force majeure●Used for a long time in harsh environments or on vehicles or ships, causingmachine malfunctions or damage.●The normal use of the machine causing the daily wear.Product After-sale repair and technical support, please contact the dealer or use WeChat scanning QR code, attention to the official WeChat public accounts of the Xhorse (WeChat: SZ-Xhorse).Xhorse leagueXhorse reserve all rights to this manual. No person or organization is allowed to copy and disseminate any part of this manual in any form without permission. Due to product improvement, the contents of this manual may be changed without prior notice。

UL Recognized UL Standard 1077Component Recognition Program as Protectors,Supplementary (Guide QVNU2,File E75596)UL Standard 508Switches,Industrial Control (Guide NRNT2,File E148683)CSA CertifiedComponent Supplementary Protector under Class 3215 30,FIle 047848 0 000CSA Standard C22.2 No. 235VDE CertifiedEN60934,VDE 0642 under File No.10537Agency CertificationsNotes for T able A:1DC and 1Ø 277 Volt ratings are 1 or 2 poles breaking. 3Ø Ratings are 3 poles breaking.2 Requires branch circuit backup with a UL LISTED Type K5 or RK5 fuse rated 15A minimum and no more than 4 times full load amps not to exceed 150A for 250 Volt rating and 125A for 277and 480 Volt ratings.3 UL Recognition and CSA Certification at 480 Volts refers to 3 and 4 pole versions, used only in a 3Ø wye connected circuit or 2 pole versions connected with 2 poles breaking 1Ø and backedup with series fusing per note 2.Table A:Lists UL Recognized and CSA and VDE Certified configurations and performance capabilities as a Component Supplementary Protector.ElectricalCURRENT RA TINGCIRCUITMAX FULL LOAD WITH WITHOUT (Inc) WITH (Icn) WITHOUTCONFIGURA TIONRA TINGFREQUENCYPHASEAMPSBACKUP FUSEBACKUP FUSEBACKUP FUSEBACKUP FUSE65DC ---0.02 - 50 ---500050001500125/25050/60 1 and 30.02 - 50 ---3000 --- ---25050/60 1 and 30.02 - 505000 ---5000150027750/6010.02 - 505000 --- --- ---480 Y 50/60 1 and 30.02 - 305000---------65DC ---0.02 - 5025050/60 1 and 30.02 - 5027750/6010.02 - 50480 Y50/6030.02 - 30480 Y 50/6010.02 - 30SWITCH ONL Y UL / CSAVDED-SERIES TABLE A: COMPONENT SUPPLEMENTARY PROTECTORVOLT AGEINTERRUPTING CAPACITY (AMPS)SERIESDesigned for snap-on-back panel rail mounting on either a 35mm x 7.5mm, or a 35mm x 15mm Symmetrical Din Rail,allowing rapid and simple mounting and removal of the breaker.It features recessed, wire-ready, touch-proof, shock-resistant ter-minals, suitable for automatic screwdriver assembly, as well as "Dead Front" construction characteristics.Available with a Visi-Rocker two-color actuator, which can be specified to indicate either the ON or the TRIPPED/OFF mode,or solid color rocker or handle type actuators. All actuator types fit in the same industry standard panel cutouts.0.02 - 50 amps, up to 480 VAC or 65 VDC, 1 - 4 poles (Handle),1 - 3 poles (Rocker), with a choice of time delays.Number of PolesRocker Type: 1-3; Handle Type: 1-4 Internal Circuit Config. Switch Only and Series Trip with cur-rent or voltage trip coils.WeighApproximately 128 grams/pole (Approximately 4.57 ounces/pole)Standard Colors Housing - Black; Actuator - See Ordering Scheme.MountingMounts on a standard 35mmSymmetrical DIN Rail (35 x 7.5 or 35x 15mm per DIN EN5002).MechanicalElectricalPhysicalEndurance10,000 ON-OFF operations @ 6 per minute; with rated Current and Voltage.Trip FreeAll D-Series Circuit Breakers will trip on overload,even when actuator is forcibly held in the ON position.Trip IndicationThe operating actuator moves posi-tively to the OFF position when an overload causes the breaker to trip.Designed and tested in accordance with requirements of specifi-cation MIL-PRF-55629 & MIL-STD-202 as follows:Shock Withstands 100 Gs,6ms,sawtoothwhile carrying rated current per Method 213,Test Condition "I".Instantaneous and ultra-short curves tested @ 90% of rated current.Vibration Withstands 0.060" excursion from10-55 Hz,and 10 Gs 55-500 Hz,at rated current per Method 204C,Test Condition A. Instantaneous and ultra-short curves tested at 90% of rated current.Moisture Resistance Method 106D,i.e.,ten 24-hourcycles @ + 25°C to +65°C,80-98%RH.Salt Spray Method 101,Condition A (90-95%RH @ 5% NaCl Solution,96 hrs).Thermal Shock Method 107D,Condition A (Fivecycles @ -55°C to +25°C to +85°C to +25°C).Operating Temperature -40°C to +85°CEnvironmental020 0.0200250.0250300.0300500.050075 0.0750800.0800850.0852100.1002150.1502200.2002250.2502300.3002350.3502400.4002450.450250 0.5002550.5502600.6002650.6502700.7002750.7502800.8002850.850410 1.000512 1.250413 1.300414 1.400415 1.500517 1.750420 2.000522 2.250425 2.500527 2.750430 3.000532 3.250435 3.500436 3.600440 4.000445 4.500547 4.750450 5.000455 5.500460 6.000465 6.5004707.0005727.2504757.5004808.0004858.5004909.0004959.500610 10.00071010.50061111.00071111.50061212.00071212.50061313.00061414.000615 15.00061616.00061717.00061818.00061919.00062020.00062121.00062222.000623 23.00062424.00062525.00062626.00062727.00062828.00062929.00063030.00063232.00063535.00064040.00064545.00065050.000A06 6 DC, 5 DC A1212 DC, 10 DC A1818 DC, 15 DC A2424 DC, 20 DC A3232 DC, 25 DC A4848 DC, 40 DC A6565 DC, 55 DC J06 6 AC, 5 AC J1212 AC, 10 AC J1818 AC, 15 ACJ2424 AC, 20 AC J4848 AC, 40 AC K20120 AC, 65 AC L40240 AC, 130 AC10Agency Approval8Actuator Color8 ACTUATOR COLOR & LEGEND Actuator orVisi-Color Marking: Marking Color: Single Color Visi-Rocker Color:I-O ON-OFF Dual Rocker/Handle (Actuator Black)8White A B 1Black White Black C D 2White n/a Red F G 3White Red Green H J 4White Green Blue K L 5White Blue Y ellow M N 6Black Y ellow Gray P Q 7Black Gray OrangeRS8Black Orange10 AGENCY APPROVAL C UL Recognized & CSA Certified D VDE Certified, UL Recognized & CSA Certified9 MOUNTING/VOLTAGEMOUNTING STYLE VOLTAGE Threaded Insert 16-32 x 0.195 inches< 300C 96-32 X 0.195 inches ≥300 2ISO M3 x 5mm< 300D 9ISO M3 x 5mm ≥3007 TERMINAL1#10 Screw & Pressure Plate for Direct Wire Connection 2#10 Screw without Pressure Plate3 POLES 1One2Two 3Three4Four5 FREQUENCY & DELA Y 03DC 50/60Hz, Switch Only 105DC Instantaneous 11DC Ultra Short 12DC Short 14DC Medium 16DC Long20550/60Hz Instantaneous 2150/60Hz Ultra Short 2250/60Hz Short 2450/60Hz Medium2650/60Hz Long32DC, 50/60Hz Short 34DC, 50/60Hz Medium 36DC, 50/60Hz Long42650/60Hz Short, Hi-Inrush 44650/60Hz Medium, Hi-Inrush 46650/60Hz Long, Hi-Inrush 527DC, Short,Hi-Inrush 547DC,Medium, Hi-Inrush 567DC, Long, Hi-Inrush4 CIRCUITA0 Switch Only (No Coil) 4B0Series Trip (Current)C0Series Trip (Voltage)1 SERIES D6Current Rating4Circuit3Poles2Actuator9Mounting/Voltage7Terminal5Frequency & Delay1SeriesNotes:1 Handle breakers available up to four poles. Rocker breakers available up to three poles.2Actuator Code:A: Multi-pole units factory assembled with common handle tie.B: Handle location as viewed from front of breaker:2 pole - left pole3 pole - center pole4 pole - two handles at center poles3Multipole rocker breakers have one rocker per breaker, as viewed from the front of thepanel. Two pole - left pole. Three pole - center pole 4≤30A, select Current Rating code 630. 31-50A, select Current Rating code 650.5Voltage coil only available with delay codes 10 & 20.6Available to 50A max with circuit code BO only.7Available to 50A (UL/CSA), 30A (VDE) with circuit code BO only.8Color shown is visi and legend with remainder of rocker black.9≥300V: Three pole breaker 3Ø or 2 pole breaker 1Ø, UL/CSA limited to 30 FLA max.10VDE Approval requires Dual (I-O, ON-OFF) or I-O markings6 CURRENT RATING (AMPERES)OR VOLTAGE COIL (VOLTS, MIN. TRIP RATING)5P0LE 3P0LE 2P0LE 1SERIES TRIP (2 TERM'S.)LINELINEROCKER ACTUATOR INDICATE "ON"HANDLE ACTUATORSWITCH ONL Y (2 TERM'S.)#10-32 SCREW AND PRESSURE PLA TE PER TERMINAL"MULTI-POLE IDENTIFICATION SCHEMENotes:1All dimensions are in inches [millimeters].2T olerance ±.015 [.38] unless otherwise specified.3-POLE(DF3) 3-POLE(DC3)REMOVALASSEMBL YNotes:1All dimensions are in inches [millimeters].2T olerance ±.015 [.38] unless otherwise specified.3Dimensions apply to all variations shown. Notice that circuit breaker line and load termi-nal orientation on indicate OFF is opposite of indicate ON.4For pole orientation with horizontal legend, rotate front view clockwise 90°.Notes:1All dimensions are in inches [millimeters].2T olerance ±.010 [.25] unless otherwise specified.。

Paper Title3D Face Recognition based on Geodesic DistancesAuthorsShalini GuptaDepartment of Electrical and Computer EngineeringThe University of Texas at Austin1University Station C0800Austin,TX78712+1.512.471.8660+1.512.471.0616(fax)shalinig@Mia K.MarkeyDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringThe University of Texas at Austin1University Station C0800Austin,TX78712+1.512.471.8660+1.512.471.0616(fax)mia.markey@Jake AggarwalDepartment of Electrical and Computer EngineeringThe University of Texas at Austin1University Station C0803Austin,TX78712+1.512.471.1369+1.512.471.5532(fax)aggarwaljk@Alan C.BovikDepartment of Electrical and Computer EngineeringThe University of Texas at Austin1University Station C0803Austin,TX78712+1.512.471.5370+1.512.471.1225(fax)bovik@Presentation PreferenceOral Presentation or Poster PresentationPrincipal Author’s BiographyShalini Gupta received a BE degree in Electronics and Electrical Communication Engineering from Punjab Engineering College,India.She received a MS degree in Electrical and Computer Engi-neering from the University of Texas at Austin,where she is currently a PhD student.During her masters,she developed techniques for computer aided diagnosis of breast cancer.She is currently investigating techniques for3D human face recognition.KeywordsGeodesic distances,three-dimensional face recognition,range image,biometricsExtended AbstractProblem Statement:Automated human identification is required in applications such as access control,passenger screening,passport control,surveillance,criminal justice and human computer interaction.Face recognition is one of the most widely investigated biometric techniques for human identification. Face recognition systems require less user co-operation than systems based on other biometrics(e.g.fingerprints and iris).Although considerable progress has been made on face recognition systems based on two dimensional(2D)intensity images,they are inadequate for robust face recognition. Their performance is reported to decrease significantly with varying facial pose and illumination conditions[1].Three-dimensional face recognition systems are less sensitive to changes in ambient illumination conditions than2D systems[2].Three-dimensional face models can also be rigidly transformed to a canonical pose.Hence,considerable research attention is now being directed toward developing3D face recognition systems.Review of Previous Work:Techniques employed for3D face recognition include those based upon global appearance of face range images,surface matching,and local facial geometric features.Techniques based on global appearance of face range images are straight-forward extensions of statistical learning techniques that were successful to a degree with2D face images.They involve statistical learning of the3D face space through an ensemble of range images.A popular3D face recognition technique is based on principal component analysis(PCA)[3]and is often taken as the baseline for assessing the performance of other algorithms[4].While appearance based techniques have met with a degree of success,it is intuitively less obvious exactly what discriminatory information about faces they encode.Furthermore,since they employ information from large range image regions,their recog-nition performance is affected by changes in facial pose,expression,occlusions,and holes.Techniques based on surface matching use an iterative procedures to rigidly align two face surfaces as closely as possible[5].A metric quantifies the difference between the two face surfaces after alignment,and this is employed for recognition.The computational load of such techniques can be considerable,especially when searching large3D face databases.Their performance is also affected by changes in facial expression.For techniques based on local geometric facial features,characteristics of localized regions of the face surface,and their relationships to others,are quantified and employed as features.Some local geometric features that have been used previously for face recognition include surface curva-tures,Euclidean distances and angles betweenfiducial points on the face[6,7,8],point signatures [9],and shape variations of facial sub regions[10].Techniques based on local features require an additional step of localization and segmentation of specific regions of the face.A pragmatic issue affecting the success of these techniques is the choice of local regions andfiducial points.Ideally the choice of such regions should be based on an understanding of the variability of different parts of the face within and between individuals.Three dimensional face recognition techniques based on local feature have been shown to be robust to a degree to varying facial expression[9].Recently,methods for expression invariant3D face recognition have been proposed[11].They are based on the assumption that different facial expressions can be regarded as isometric deformations of the face surface.These deformations preserve intrinsic properties of the surface,one of which is the geodesic distance between a pair of points on the surface.Based on these ideas we present a preliminary study aimed at investigating the effectiveness of using geodesic distances between all pairs of25fiducial points on the face as features for face recognition.To the best of our knowledge,this is thefirst study of its kind.Another contribution of this study is that instead of choosing a random set of points on the face surface,we considered facial landmarks relevant to measuring anthropometric facial proportions employed widely in fa-cial plastic surgery and art[12].The performance of the proposed face recognition algorithm was compared against other established algorithms.Proposed Approach:Three dimensional face models for the study were acquired by an MU-2stereo imaging systemby3Q Technologies Ltd.(Atlanta,GA).The system simultaneously acquires both shape and tex-ture information.The data set contained1128head models of105subjects.It was partitioned intoa gallery set containing one image each of the105subjects with a neutral expression.The probeset contained another663images of the gallery subjects with a neutral or an arbitrary expression.The probe set had a variable number of images per subject(1-55).Models were rigidly aligned to frontal orientation and range images were constructed.Theywere medianfiltered and interpolated to remove holes.Twenty-fivefiducial points,as depicted inFigure1were manually located on each face.Three face recognition algorithms were implemented.Thefirst employed300geodesic distances(between all pairs offiducial points)as features for recog-nition.The fast marching algorithm for front propagation was employed to calculate the geodesicdistance between pairs of points[13].The second algorithm employed300Euclidean distancesbetween all pairs offiducial points as features.The normalized L1norm where each dimensionwas divided by its variance,was used as the metric for matching faces with both the Euclideandistance and geodesic distance features.The third3D face recognition algorithm implemented was based on PCA.For this algorithm,a subsection of each face range image of size354pixels,enclosing the main facial features wasemployed.The gallery and probe sets employed to test the performance of this algorithm were thesame as those used in thefirst and second algorithms.Additionally a separate set of360rangeimages of12subjects(30images per subjects),was used to train the PCA classifier.Face rangeimages were projected on to42eigen vectors accounting for99%of the variance in the data.Again,the L1norm was employed for matching faces in the42dimensional PCA sub space.Verification performance of all algorithms was evaluated using the receiver operating charac-teristic(ROC)methodology,from which the equal error rates(EER)were noted.Identificationperformance was evaluated by means of the cumulative match characteristic curves(CMC)andthe rank1recognition rates(RR)were observed.The performance of each technique for the entireprobe set,for neutral probes only and for expressive probes only were evaluated separately. Experimental Results:Table1presents the equal error rates for verification performance and the rank1recognitionrates for identification performance of the three face recognition algorithms.Figure2(a)presentsROC curves of the three systems for neutral expression probes only.Figure2(b)presents the CMCcurves for the three systems for neutral expression probes only.It is evident that the two algorithmsbased on Euclidean or geodesic distances between anthropometric facial landmarks(EER∼5%, RR∼89%)performed substantially better than the baseline PCA algorithm(EER=16.5%, RR=69.7%).The algorithms based on geodesic distance features performed on a par with the algorithm based on Euclidean distance features.Both were effective,to a degree,at recognizing3D faces.In this study the performance of the proposed algorithm based on geodesic distancesbetween anthropometric facial landmarks decreased when probes with arbitrary facial expressionswere matched against a gallery of neutral expression3D faces.This suggests that geodesic distancesbetween pairs of landmarks on a face may not be preserved when the facial expression changes.This was contradictory to Bronstein et al.’s assumption regarding facial expressions being isometricdeformations of facial surfaces[11].In conclusion,geodesic distances between anthropometric landmarks were observed to be ef-fective features for recognizing3D faces,however they were not more effective than Euclideandistances between the same landmarks.The3D face recognition algorithm based on geodesic dis-tance features was affected by changes in facial expression.In the future,we plan to investigatemethods for reducing the dimensionality of the proposed algorithm and to identify the more dis-criminatory geodesic distance features.Acknowledgments:The authors would like to gratefully acknowledge Advanced Digital Imaging Research,LLC(Houston,TX)for providing support in terms of funding and3D face data for the study. Figures and Tables:Figure1:Thefigures show the25anthropometric landmarks that were considered on a color and range image of a human face.(a)ROC(b)CMCFigure2:Thisfigure presents the2(a)verification performance in terms of an ROC curve;2(b) the cumulative match characteristic curves for the identification performance of the three face recognition algorithms with the neutral expression probes only.Method EER(%)Rank1RR(%)N-N N-E N-All N-N N-E N-AllGEODESIC2.78.55.693.181.489.9EUCLIDEAN2.26.74.192.978.188.8PCA18.113.416.570.268.369.7Table1:Verification and identification performance statistics for the face recognition systems based on PCA,Euclidean distances and geodesic distances.N-N represents performance of a system for the neutral probes only,N-E for the expressive probes only and N-All for all probes. References[1]P.J.Phillips,P.Grother,R.J.Micheals,D.M.Blackburn,E.Tabassi,and J.M.Bone.Frvt2002:Overview and summary.available at ,March2003.[2]E.P.Kukula,S.J.Elliott,R.Waupotitsch,and B.Pesenti.Effects of illumination changes onthe performance of geometrix facevision/spl reg/3d frs.In Security Technology,2004.38th Annual2004International Carnahan Conference on,pages331–337,2004.[3]K.I.Chang,K.W.Bowyer,and P.J.Flynn.An evaluation of multimodal2d+3d facebiometrics.Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence,IEEE Transactions on,27(4):619–624,2005.[4]P.J.Phillips,P.J.Flynn,T.Scruggs,K.W.Bowyer,and W.Worek.Preliminary face recog-nition grand challenge results.In Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition,2006.FGR2006.7th International Conference on,pages15–24,2006.[5]Xiaoguang Lu,A.K.Jain,and D.Colbry.Matching2.5d face scans to3d models.PatternAnalysis and Machine Intelligence,IEEE Transactions on,28(1):31–43,2006.[6]G.G.Gordon.Face recognition based on depth and curvature features.In Computer Vi-sion and Pattern Recognition,1992.Proceedings CVPR’92.,1992IEEE Computer Society Conference on,pages808–810,1992.[7]A.B.Moreno,A.Sanchez,J.Fco,V.Fco,and J.Diaz.Face recognition using3d surface-extracted descriptors.In Irish Machine Vision and Image Processing Conference(IMVIP 2003),Sepetember2003.[8]Y.Lee,H.Song,U.Yang,H.Shin,and K.Sohn.Local feature based3d face recognition.InAudio-and Video-based Biometric Person Authentication,2005International Conference on, LNCS,volume3546,pages909–918,2005.[9]Yingjie Wang,Chin-Seng Chua,and Yeong-Khing Ho.Facial feature detection and facerecognition from2d and3d images.Pattern Recognition Letters,23(10):1191–1202,2002. [10]Chenghua Xu,Yunhong Wang,Tieniu Tan,and Long Quan.Automatic3d face recognitioncombining global geometric features with local shape variation information.In Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition,2004.Proceedings.Sixth IEEE International Conference on, pages308–313,2004.[11]A.M.Bronstein,M.M.Bronstein,and R.Kimmel.Three-dimensional face recognition.International Journal of Computer Vision,64(1):5–30,2005.[12]L.Farkas.Anthropometric Facial Proportions in Medicine.Thomas Books,1987.[13]R.Kimmel and puting geodesic paths on manifolds.Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences,USA,95:84318435,1998.。

*P67133A0116*Turn overP67133A©2021 Pearson Education Ltd.1/1/1Setting up time• Open a new project in your DAW using 16 bit/44.1kHz sample rate.• Save the project as ‘comp4_your candidate number ’ (e.g. comp4_1234) in the folder designated by your centre.• Set the metronome to 100 bpm .• Import ‘bass.wav’ to a new track in your DAW, aligned with the beginning of bar 1.• Ensure that the bass is audible and plays in time with the metronome. The bass begins at the start of bar 2.• You must not open the paper until instructed to do so by the invigilator.Instructions • Use black ink or ball-point pen.• Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name, centre number and candidate number.• Answer all questions.• Answer the questions in the spaces provided – there may be more space than you need.• Save your audio files for Questions 1, 2, 4 and 5 within the 2 hour 15 minute examination time.• You must ensure that the left and right earpieces of your headphones are worn correctly. • Access to a calculator or calculator software is not permitted. • Access to the internet or local network is not permitted.Information • The total mark for this paper is 105.•The marks for each question are shown in brackets– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.Advice• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.• Try to answer every question.• Check your answers if you have time at the end.•Good luck with your examination.*P67133A0216*2*P67133A0316*Turn over3(i) State the position of the playback head. The bar and ticks have been given.Bar Beat Div Tick 14(1)(1)161(ii) Draw the bass part for bar 14 on the piano roll editor above. Bar 13 has beencompleted for you.(4)*P67133A0416*4(d) On the graph below, illustrate the amplitude ADSR envelope of the bass synth.(i) Label the two axes.(2)(ii) Draw the amplitude ADSR envelope of the bass synth.(4)(iii) Label the four stages.(1)(e) The bass is out of time in bars 23–24. Edit the audio so that the bass is in time.Repair the partially cut bass note on bar 25 beat 1.(5)Bounce/export the completed bass part as a single 16 bit/44.1kHz stereo .wav file to the designated folder on your computer.Name it ‘q1_ your candidate number’ (e.g. q1_1234).(Total for Question 1 = 20 marks)*P67133A0516*Turn over5*P67133A0616*6(c) The notes in the MIDI file have been assigned to the incorrect sounds. Using anelectronic drum kit, assign the notes to the sounds listed below to form a popstyle drum part. You should not change the rhythm.•Kick drum• Snare•Closed hi-hat•Open hi-hat• Crash(5)Bounce/export the completed drum part as a single 16 bit/44.1kHz stereo .wav file to the designated folder on your computer.Name it ‘q2_ your candidate number’ (e.g. q2_1234).(Total for Question 2 = 11 marks)*P67133A0716*Turn over7Question 3 is about the synth chords part.3 Import ‘synth chords.wav’ to a new track in your DAW. The beginning of this audiotrack should be aligned with the start of bar 1. The chords begin at the start of bar 4.In bars 13–16, a filter has been applied to the synth chords to create a rhythmic effect. The cut-off frequency is changing every 8th note to alternate between a less bright timbre and a bright timbre. The graph below shows the bright filter setting at song position 13:1:3:1.(a) Identify the filter.(1)....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(b) Label the axes.(2) (c) Draw a cross to indicate the filter cut-off frequency.(1)(d) Draw the filter at song position 13:1:1:1.(3)(Total for Question 3 = 7 marks)*P67133A0816*8*P67133A0916*Turn over9(e) Remove the noise and breath in bar 3 and bar 18.(3)(f) Create a harmonised backing vocal track in bars 28–31.• The pitch of the first note in the lead vocal is A as indicated by a dot on thepiano roll.• The backing vocal should be using the same syllables as the lead vocal. • The backing vocal should be in rhythmic unison with the lead vocal. • The pitch and rhythm is given in the piano roll editor below. • Pan the backing vocal hard left.(8)Bounce/export the completed lead vocal and backing vocal parts as a single 16 bit/44.1kHz stereo .wav file to the designated folder on your it ‘q4_ your candidate number’ (e.g. q4_1234).*P67133A01016*10(g) Import ‘vocal not compressed.wav’ to a new track in your DAW. This file is bars8–10 of the vocal as it was originally recorded. You should not use this audio inyour final mix.‘vocal.wav’ has additional dynamic compression. Evaluate the dynamiccompression in ‘vocal.wav’.(8).................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(Total for Question 4 = 23 marks)*P67133A01116*Turn over11 5 You should now have the following tracks in your DAW: bass, drums, synth chords, vocal and backing vocal.(a) Apply automated panning to the bass.• Only bar 27 should be affected; all other bars should be panned to the centre. • Pan the bass in bar 27 smoothly from hard left to hard right.(2)(b) Listen to the effect on the bass in bar 32. Recreate the same effect in bars 2–31.(3)(c) Gate the synth chords. • The bass track should trigger the side chain of the gate so that the synth chords play only when the bass is playing.(3) (d) Listen to the delay and reverb effect on the vocals in bar 22. Recreate that effect in bar 7 on “coffee”.(5) (e) Listen to the effect on the vocals in bars 11–12. Recreate that effect in bars 26–27 on “head”.(5) (f) Balance the levels of the mix.(3) (g) Produce a final stereo mix.• Ensure that the mix output is at as high a level as possible. • It should be free from distortion. • Do not limit or compress the mix output. • Ensure that the beginning and the end of the music are not cut off. •Ensure that silences at the beginning and at the end do not exceed one second.(3)Bounce/export the completed mix as a single 16 bit/44.1kHz stereo .wav file to the designated folder on your computer.Name it ‘q5_ your candidate number’ (e.g. q5_1234).(Total for Question 5 = 24 marks)TOTAL FOR SECTION A = 85 MARKS*P67133A01216*12SECTION BAnswer Question 6. Write your answer in the space provided.6Figure 1 shows a drum mic setup typical of 2010s recordings. Figure 2 shows a drum mic setup typical of the late 1960s.Evaluate and compare the drum recording techniques for a rock recording.(20) .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 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....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................*P67133A01316*13....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................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for Question 6 = 20 marks)TOTAL FOR SECTION B = 20 MARKSTOTAL FOR PAPER = 105 MARKS*P67133A01416*14BLANK PAGE*P67133A01516*15BLANK PAGE*P67133A01616*16BLANK PAGETurn over *P67133A*P67133A ©2021 Pearson Education Ltd. 1/1/1P67133AP67133A4P67133A BLANK PAGE。

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printop 西玛津prints 印花布prinz 普伦兹牌照相机priority communication multiplexer 优先级通信多路复用器priority indicator 优先指示器priority register 优先寄存器priority switch 优先次序开关priscillas 褶皱窗帘prism binocular 棱镜双筒望远镜prism compensative high speed cine camera 棱镜补偿式高速电影摄影机prism coupler 棱镜耦合器prism fiber tube 棱镜纤维管prism glass 棱镜玻璃prism head-on photomultiplier 棱镜窗式光电倍增管prism refractometer 棱镜折光仪prism spectrograph 棱镜光谱仪prism spectrometer 棱镜分光仪prism stereoscope 棱镜立体镜prism theodolite 棱镜经纬仪prism transit 棱镜经纬仪prism viewfinder 棱镜式取景器prism 棱镜prism-double-monochromator 棱镜双单色仪prisma 棱镜牌汽车prismatic binocular telescope 棱镜双筒望远镜prismatic focusing magnifier 棱镜聚焦放大镜prismatic glass 棱形花纹玻璃prismatic spectroscope 棱镜分光镜prismatic telescope 棱镜望远镜prison safety glazing 监狱安全玻璃窗pristinamycin 原霉素pristine fibre 原始纤维pristine glass 原始玻璃privacy equipment for radio telephone 无线电话保密装置privacy telephone set 保密电话机private automatic branch exchange 专用自动小交换机private automatic exchange 专用自动交换机private automatic telephone exchange 专用自动电话交换机private branch exchange 专用小交换机private memory 专用存储器private telephone set 私人电话机private videotex terminal 专用可视图文终端prizidilol 普齐洛尔pro-gibb plus 九二0pro-gibb 九二0proadifen 普罗地芬probabilistic automaton 概率自动机probability distribution analyzer 概率分布分析器proban 赛灭磷probang 食道探针probarbital sodium 普罗比妥钠probe machine 探针仪probe 灭草定probe 探针probenazole 噻菌灵probenecid 丙磺舒probolog 电测定器probucol 普罗布可procainamide hydrochloride 盐酸普鲁卡因胺procainamide 普鲁卡因胺procaine benzylpenicillin 普鲁卡因青霉素procaine hydrochloride 盐酸普鲁卡因procaine penicillin for injection 注射用普鲁卡因青霉素procaine penicillin g 青霉素g普鲁卡因procaine penicillin 普鲁卡因青霉素procaine 普鲁卡因procarbazine 丙卡巴肼procedure identifier 程序识别器process amplifier 处理放大器process camera 制版照相机process colour ink 三色版油墨process control computer 过程控制计算机process control micro processor 过程控制微处理机process controller 过程控制器process of unconventional heat treatment of mould 模具非常规热处理工艺process oxygen analyzer 流程氧分析器process simulator 程序模拟器process stream analyzer 流程分析仪process tank 处理罐process viscometer 流程粘度计process-cycle controller 顺序控制器processing amplifier 程序放大器processing control system for glass furnace 玻璃熔炉生产过程自动化控制系统processing solution 显影液processor 信息处理机prochlorperazine 丙氯拉嗪procinolol 普西洛尔procinonide 普西缩松procinyl dye 普施尼活性染料proclonol 丙氯醇proctor cylinder 葡氏击实筒proctor needle 葡氏密实度测定针proctor penetration needle 葡氏贯入针proctoscope 直肠镜procyclidine 丙环定procymate 丙环氨酯prodeconium bromide 丙癸溴铵produce lathe 制造车床producer gas 发生炉煤气producer 煤气发生炉producer-blended fibre 化纤厂混和纤维producer-coloured fibre 纺前着色纤维producer-gas generator 煤气发生炉producer-torque yarn 化纤厂捻回弹力丝producing technology of acetic acid and acetic anhydride 醋酸和乙酐生产技术producing technology of griseofulvinum 灰黄霉素生产技术producing technology of monosodium glutamate 谷氨酸单钠生产技术product demodulator 乘积解调器product detector 乘积检测器product generator 乘积发生器product modulator 乘积调制器product oil 成品油product separator 产品分离器production line and technology for manufacturing electrode 电焊条生产技术及设备production line and technology for manufacturing phthalic anhydride 苯酐生产技术及设备production line and technology for manufacturing pvc 聚氯乙烯生产技术及设备production line and technology of cloth shoes 布鞋生产技术及设备production line for dry cell 干电池生产线production line for instant coffee 速溶咖啡生产线production line for making biscuit 饼干生产线production line for making ice cream bar and ice cream 雪糕-冰激淋自动生产线production line for manufacturing battery 电池生产线production line for masaic glass 马赛克玻璃生产线production line for rice noodle making 米线生产线production line for wafer making equipment 威化饼干生产线production line of ball bearing after assembly 球轴承装配后工序生产线production line of canvas shoes 帆布鞋生产线production line of grinding wheel and technology 砂轮生产技术及设备production line of plastic woven bag 塑料编织袋生产线production line of plastic wrapping rope 塑料捆扎绳生产线production platform 采油平台production press 生产用压机production technique of high grade zinc oxide 高级氧化锌生产技术profadol 普罗法多profenamine 普罗吩胺professional audio console 专业调音台professional equipment 专业设备professional towel paper 专用手巾纸professional translucent face powder 专业用透明定妆粉profia 普鲁菲牌照相机profile fibre 异形纤维profile and thread rolling die 滚轧型材与螺纹模具profile bender 型材弯曲机profile bra 半圆形乳罩profile gauge 轮廓量规profile grinder 仿形磨床profile grinding machine 仿形磨床profile keyseating machine 铣键槽机profile machine 仿形铣床profile measuring instrument 剖面测量仪profile measuring microscope 剖面测量显微镜profile paper 坐标纸profile rolling machine 型材滚轧机profile scanner 剖面扫描机profile shaping machine 刨模机profile steel 型钢profile-forming machine 型材成型机profiled filament 异形截面长丝profiler 仿形铣床profiling machine 仿形机床profiling roll 压型辊profilograph 轮廓曲线仪profiloscope 纵断面观测镜proflavine 原黄素profume 溴甲烷progesterone 黄体酮proglumide 丙谷胺program amplifier 节目放大器program chooser 程序选择器program computer 程序计算机program control low frequency pulse treatment 程控低频脉冲治疗仪program control machine tool 程序控制机床program control precision hobbing machine 程控精密滚齿机program control turret lathe 程控转塔车床program controllable machine tool 程控机床program controlled drilling machine 程序控制钻床program controlled high precision broacher 程控高精度拉床program counter 程序计数器program current pulser 程序电流脉冲发生器program monitor 节目监视器program reader 程序读出器program recording control instrument 程序记录控制仪program register 程序寄存器program selector 节目选择器program server 编程服务器program transmitter 程序发送机program-controlled computer 程序控制计算机program-controlled coordinate boring machine 程序控制座标镗床program-controlled copying trimming lathe 程序控制仿型修坯机program-controlled liquidoid extensional furnace 程序控制液相外延炉program-controlled vertical lathe 程控立车program-controller 程序控制器programmable amplifier 可编程序放大器programmable atrio-pacemaker 可编程序心房起搏器programmable attenuator 可编程衰减器programmable calculator 可编程计算器programmable cardiac stimulator 可编程心脏刺激仪programmable communication processor 可编程通信处理机programmable controller 可编程控制器programmable counter 程控计数器programmable data generator 程控数据信号发生器programmable digital radar echo simulator 可编程数字式雷达回流模拟器programmable display switch 可编程显示开关programmable electronic piano 可编程电子琴programmable graphic equalizer 可编程图形均衡器programmable heel seat and side lasting machine 可编程装配鞋跟座和中帮机programmable keyboard 可编程键盘programmable logic controller 可编程逻辑控制器programmable measuring switch 程控测量开关programmable pacemaker 可编程起搏器programmable pulse generator 程控脉冲信号发生器programmable read-only memory 可编程只读存储器programmable stimulator 可编程剌激器programmable tv wall 可编程电视墙programmable ventricular pacemaker 可编程心室起搏器programmed automatic communication equipment 程序控制自动通信设备programmed electronic postal weighing scale 程控电子邮件秤programmer 编程器programming controller 程序控制器programming machine 编程机progressive die press 连续模压机progressive drier 逐步干燥器progressive grinding machine with continuous correction 连续修正渐进磨床progressive shears 步进剪progressive sliding gear 分极滑动齿轮progressive treatment unit 渐进性治疗设备proguanil 氯胍proheparinum tablet 肝宁片proheparum 肝宁proheptazine 普罗庚嗪project meter 投影式比较测长仪projected core-nose plug 芯部伸出的火花塞projectile sampler 冲击式取样器projectile weaving machine 片梭织机projection instrument 投影仪projection interferometer 映射干涉仪projection kinescope 投影式显像管projection lamp 投射灯projection lens 聚光透镜projection microscope 投影显微镜projection optimeter 投影式光学比较仪projection oscillograph 投影示波器projection perimeter 投射式视野计projection printer 投影印刷器projection screen 放映银幕projection sketchmaster 投影转绘仪projection television receiver 投影式电视接收机projection tv set 投影电视机projection welder 凸焊机projectionmeter 投影仪projector scope 投影显示仪projector 幻灯机prolan 硝滴涕prolate 亚胺硫磷proligestone 普罗孕酮prolin 杀鼠灵proline 脯氨酸prolintane 普罗林坦prolite 普罗利特钨钛硬质合金prolmon tablet 保肝能片prolon 普罗纶prolong life toffee 益寿奶糖prolonium iodide 普罗碘铵promazine 丙嗪promecarb 猛杀威promepiazone 普罗哌宗promestriene 普罗雌醚promethazine hydrochloride 非那根promethazine teoclate 异丙嗪茶氯酸盐promethazine 异丙嗪promethium cell 钷蓄电池prometon 扑灭通prometrex 扑草净prometryn 扑草净promolate 普罗吗酯promoter for blowing agent 发泡剂助剂promoxolan 普罗索仑promurit 捕灭鼠pronamide 拿草特pronetalol 丙茶洛尔prong 叉子pronto 波浪多牌手表prontor 普浪多牌照相机prontoreflex 普浪多弗莱克斯牌照相机proof machine 打样机proof press 打样机proofed breathable fabric 防水透气织物proofed cloth 防水布proofed hat 硬挺帽proofing machine 打样机prop stand for hydraulic jack 液压千斤顶支架prop-job 敌稗propachlor 毒草安propadiene 丙二烯propafenon tablet 心律平片propafenone 普罗帕酮propafil 普鲁佩菲尔聚丙烯薄膜纤维propallylonal 丙溴比妥propamide 拿草特propamidine 普罗帕脒propandioic acid 丙二酸propane diacid 丙二酸propane diamine 丙二酰胺propane dicarboxylic acid 丙二羧酸propane soldering iron 丙烷加热烙铁propanediol 丙二醇propanethiol 丙硫醇propanetriol 丙三醇propanidid 丙泮尼地propanil amide 敌稗propanil 敌稗propanocaine 丙泮卡因propanoic acid 丙酸propanol 丙醇propanone 丙酮propantheline bromide 溴丙胺太林propargite 克螨特propargyl chloride 氯丙炔proparthrin 扑虫菊propatylnitrate 丙帕硝酯propazine 扑灭津propazolamide 丙帕唑胺propellant engineering vehicle 推进剂工程车propellant 挥发剂propeller agitator 螺旋桨搅拌机propeller current meter 旋桨式流速计propeller fan 螺旋桨式风机propeller flowmeter 螺旋桨式流量计propeller generator 螺旋桨式发电机propeller hydraulic cylinder 推进器液压缸propeller jet 螺旋桨式喷气发动机propeller mixer 螺旋桨式混合器propeller nut 螺旋桨螺母propeller pump 螺旋泵propeller shaft assembly 螺旋桨轴总成propeller shaft safety strap 螺桨轴安全圈propeller shaft 推进轴propeller stirrer 螺旋桨搅拌器propeller turbine 轴流定桨式水轮机propeller water turbine 螺旋桨水轮机propeller with ring quard 带护环的螺旋桨propeller 螺旋桨propeller-driven airplane 螺旋桨飞机propeller-turbine engine 涡轮螺旋桨发动机propeller-type agitator 螺旋桨式搅拌器propeller-type current meter 螺旋桨式流速仪propeller-type fan 螺旋桨式风机propeller-type flowmeter 螺旋桨式流量计propeller-type mixer 螺旋桨式搅拌混合器propelling machine 牵引机propelling pencil refill 活动铅笔芯propelling pencil with plastic barrel 塑料杆活动铅笔propelling pencil 活动铅笔propenal 丙烯醛propene 丙烯propenoic acid 丙烯酸propenyl cyanide 丙烯基腈propenylbenzene 丙烯基苯propenzamide 丙水杨胺propetamide 丙培他胺propham 苯胺灵prophos 灭克磷prophylactic 预防剂propi rhap 2propicillin 普匹西林propikacin 普匹卡星propine 丙炔propineb 甲基代森锌propinetidine 丙哌替定propiolactone 丙内酯propiolic acid 丙炔酸propiolic alcohol 丙炔醇propiolic halide 卤丙炔propiomazine 丙酰马嗪propionaldehyde 丙醛propionamide 丙酰胺propionate 丙酸盐propionic acid 丙酸propionic aldehyde 丙醛propionic andydride 丙酸酐propionitrile 丙睛propionyl bromide 丙酰溴propionyl chloride 丙酰氯propionyl 丙酰propiophenone 苯基·乙基酮propipocaine 丙哌卡因propiram 哌丙吡胺propizamid 拿草特propizepine 丙吡西平proplatina 普罗普拉提纳镍铋银合金propofol 普鲁泊福propolis medicated soap 蜂胶药皂propolis oral cavity membrance 蜂胶口腔膜propolis 蜂胶proponex d 甲氯滴混剂proportion calculator 比例计算器proportion electro-magnet 比例电磁铁proportion scale 配料秤proportion set screw 比例度设定螺丝proportional amplifier 比例放大器proportional band potentiometer 比例带电位计proportional compass 比例规proportional controller 比例控制器proportional counter spectrometer 正比计数器光谱计proportional counter tube 比例计数管proportional counter 比例计数器proportional detector 正比探测器proportional divider 比例分配器proportional gas meter 比例气体计量器proportional governor 比例调节器proportional liquid sampler 比例液体采样器proportional plus derivative controller 比例微分控制器proportional position action type servomotor 比例位置式伺服电动机proportional pump 比例泵proportional quantameter 正比量子计proportional regulator 比例调节器proportional reset controller 比例重定控制器proportional sampler 比例取样器proportional sampling device 比例取样器proportional time-limit distance relay 比例限时远距离继电器proportional valve 比例阀proportional-integral controller 比例-积分控制器proportional-integral derivative controller 比例-积分-微分控制器proportioner 比例调节器proportioning pump 配量泵propoxate 丙咪酯propoxon 扑拉松propoxur 残杀威propoxycaine 丙氧卡因propranolol hydrochloride 心得安propranolol 普萘洛尔propronamide 草萘胺propulsion engine 喷气发动机propulsor 喷气式发动机propyl acetate 乙酸丙酯propyl alcohol 丙醇propyl aldehyde 丙醛propyl amine 丙胺propyl benzene 丙苯propyl benzoate 苯甲酸丙酯propyl bromide 丙基溴propyl butyl sulfonate 丁基磺酸丙脂propyl butyrate 丁酸丙酯propyl caproate 己酸丙酯propyl caprylate 辛酸丙酯propyl cellulose 丙基纤维素propyl chloride 丙基氯propyl cyanide 丙基氰propyl cyclohexane 丙基环已烷propyl disulfide 二硫基丙醇propyl docetrizoate 偏泛影丙酯propyl ether 丙醚propyl ethyl sulfonate 乙基磺酸丙酯propyl ethylene 丙基乙烯propyl gallate 没食子酸丙酯propyl halide 丙基卤propyl hexedrine 丙己君propyl hydrosulfide 丙硫醇propyl hydroxybenzoate 羟苯丙酯propyl iodide 丙基碘propyl iodone 丙碘酮propyl isome 增效酯propyl mercaptan 丙硫醇propyl nitrate 硝酸丙酯propyl nitrite 亚硝酸丙脂propyl pelargonate 壬酸丙脂propyl propionate 丙酸丙酯propyl red 丙基红propyl sulfate 硫酸二丙酯propyl sulfhydrate 丙硫醇propyl sulfide 二丙硫propyl valerate 戊酸丙酯propylene carbonate 丙烯碳酸酯propylene chloride fiber 氯丙烯纤维propylene chloride 氯化丙烯propylene chlorohydrin 氯丙醇propylene diamine 丙二胺propylene dimer 二聚丙烯propylene glycol alginate 海藻酸丙二醇酯propylene glycol 丙二醇propylene oxide 环氧丙烷propylene tetramer 四聚丙烯propyleneglycol monobutyl ether 丙二醇独丁醚propylon 普罗皮纶聚丙烯纤维propylthiouracil tablet 立达丙硫氧嘧啶片propylthiouracil 丙烷基硫尿嘧啶propyphenazone 异丙安替比林propyromazine bromide 溴吡马嗪propyzamide 拿草特proquazone 普罗喹宗proroxan 普罗克生proscillaridin 海葱次甙prospecting counter 电测计数器prospecting drill 试钻prostalene 前列他林prostatic lobe holding forceps 前列腺叶持钳prostatic suturing instrument set 前列腺缝合器械包prosthesis 假肢prosulpride 丙舒必利prosultiamine 丙硫硫胺protable halogen cine projector 便携式卤素电影放映机protable language laboratory 小型语言实验室protable ph meter 携带式酸碱计protable ultrasonic thickness meter 携带式超声波测厚仪protactinium 镤protamine sulfate injection 鱼精蛋白硫酸盐注射液protamine sulfate 鱼精蛋白硫酸盐protamine 鱼精蛋白protamini sulfas 硫酸鱼精蛋白protaphane beef ampoule 低精蛋白锌胰岛素注射液protaphane mc ampoule 鱼精蛋白锌胰岛素注射液proteamin 宝滴氨命protect 萘二甲酐protected machine 防护式电机protected motor 防护式电动机protected switch 防护式开关protecting adhesvie tape for spray lacquer 喷漆保护胶粘带protecting device of dozer 推土机保护装置protecting sleeve for pipe 导管防护套protection casing 中间套管protection film for heat treatment of metal 金属热处理保护膜protection reactor 保护电抗器protection relay 保护继电器protection switch 保护开关protection valve 安全阀protective choke coil 保护扼流圈protective circuit breaker 保护断路器protective clothing 防护服protective condenser 保护电容器protective earwear 防噪声耳套protective equipment 防护设备protective fungicide 保护性杀菌剂protective glasses 护目镜protective gloves 防护手套protective hood 防护兜帽protective mask for workman 工人保护面罩protective mask 防护面罩protective mittens 防护手套protective paint 防护漆protective preparation for metal 金属保护制剂protective reactor 保护电抗器protective relay test set 保护继电器测试仪protective relay unit 继电器保护装置protective relay 保护继电器protective resistor 保护电阻器protective source housing 辐射源保护罩protective under-clothing 护身内衣protector 保护器protein fibre 蛋白质纤维protein cream 蛋白美容膏protein gel 蛋白凝胶protein hydrolysate 水解蛋白protein plastics 蛋白质塑料protein refractometer 蛋白折射仪proteinum hydrolysatum 水解蛋白protheobromine 丙可可碱prothidathion 乙噻唑磷prothiocarb 胺丙威prothion 扑拉磷prothipendyl 丙硫喷地prothixene 丙噻吨prothrin 消虫菊protic solvent 质子性溶剂protiofale 丙噻酯protionamide 丙硫异烟胺protirelin 普罗瑞林protizinic acid 丙替嗪酸proto fibre 原纤维protocatechuic acid 原儿茶酸protokylol 普罗托醇proton accelerator 质子加速器proton free-precession nuclear magnetometer 质子自由旋进式核子磁力仪proton gradiometer 质子重力梯度仪proton linear accelerator 质子线性加速器proton magnetometer 质子磁力仪proton microscope 质子显微镜proton polarimeter 质子偏振计proton spectrometer 质子谱仪proton synchrotron 质子同步加速器proton-precession magnetometer 质子进动磁强计proton-resonance magnetometer 质子谐振磁强计protoveratrine 原藜芦碱protractor 量角器protriptyline 普罗替林prowl car 警察巡逻车proxan 扑灭生proxazole 普罗沙唑proxibarbal 丙羟比妥proxicromil 普昔罗米proxima 普罗克西马牌手表proximity aligner 接近式光刻机proximity switch 接近开关proximity warning indicator 逼近警报指示器proximoceptor 接触感受器proximpham 肟草威proxol 敌百虫proxorphan 普罗啡烷proxymetacaine 丙氧间卡因proxyphylline 丙羟茶碱prozapine 普罗扎平prune oil 李油prune flavoured ginger 梅味姜prune flavoured kumquat 梅味金桔prune flavoured wine 香梅酒prune gum drop 话梅软糖prune in brine 咸水梅prune products 梅制品prune with lemon juice 柠檬梅prune with orange peel extract 陈皮梅prune with orange peel 陈皮梅prune 苯磺素prune 李脯prunell 普伦尼尔羊绒厚呢prunella 夏枯草prunelle batarde 普伦尼尔巴塔素哔叽pruner 修枝剪刀pruning knife 剪枝刀pruning saw 修枝手锯pruning scissors 修枝剪刀pruning shears 修枝剪prussian binding 普鲁士滚条布prussian blue 普鲁士蓝prussian carp 银鲫prussian shawl 普鲁士披巾prussian velvet 普鲁士纬绒织物prussiate 氰化物prussic acid 氢氰酸pseudo core-spun yarn 仿包芯纱pseudo-ephedrine hci 右旋盐酸麻黄素pseudo-ephedrine hydrochloride 盐酸右旋麻黄素pseudo-random binary sequence generator 伪随机二进制序列发生器pseudo-random sequence generator 伪随机序列发生器pseudocolor image grabbing card 伪彩色图像采集卡pseudoephedrine 伪麻黄碱pseudoginseng 三七pseudolarice tincture compound 复方土槿皮酊pseudolarix 土槿皮pseudoscope 幻视镜pseudostellaria root 太子参psilocybine 赛洛西宾psophometer 噪声计psychogalvanometer 心理电流反应检测器psychrometer 湿度计pt-hydroger electrode 铂氢电极pt-rh wire 铂铑合金丝pteropterin 蝶罗呤public address equipment 扩音设备publisher's cloth 书面布puch 普赫牌越野汽车puckered fabric 绉纹织物pudding basin 布丁盆pudding bowl 布丁碗pudding cloth 布丁布pudding pan 烘布丁平锅pudding plate 布丁盘pudding powder 布丁粉pudding 布丁puddle furnace 搅炼炉puddle mill 熟铁轧机puddle mixer 搅拌机puddled steel 搅炼钢puddler mixer 砂混机puddler 捣实机puddling machine 捣泥浆机puebla velveteen 普布拉棉绒pueraria lobata 葛根puff box 粉扑盒puff cake 粉饼puff 被子puff-ball 马勃puffed rice 爆米花puffee 吐波式直接成条聚丙烯腈纤维pug mill 练泥机pugliese cotton 普格里斯棉puke 优质粗纺呢pulfrich refractometer 浦耳弗里奇折射计pull bar 拉杆pull boat 平底拖船pull grader 牵引式平地机pull kimono 和服袖茄克套衫pull mandrel rivet 抽心轴铆钉pull over woolly 粗毛线套衫pull pickler 推拉式酸洗机pull reel 张力卷取机pull rod stud 拉杆螺柱pull rod 拉杆pull test machine 拉伸试验机pull through machine 穿料装置pull up riser 穿插式升气管pull-on pants 松紧带长裤pull-over gear 拖运机pull-over mill 二辊周期式薄板轧机pull-shovel 拉铲pull-switch 接线开关pull-through floating head heat exchanger 可抽出浮头换热器pull-type broach 拉刀pull-type combine harvester 拖挂式联合收割机pull-type drawbench 张力式拉拔机pull-type recoiler 张力式卷取机pull-type roller 拖挂式压路机pulldown bed 活动床pulled cotton 剥桃棉pulled cow body hair 活抓牛毛pulled down yarn 收缩纱pulled waste 碎呢再生毛pulled-type roller 拖式平滚puller 拆卸器puller 拉单晶机pulley block 滑车pulley cone 锥形轮pulley guide 滑轮导向器pulley magnet 磁轮pulley separator 滑轮式分选机pulley tap 皮带轮丝锥pulley 滑轮pullicate 染色手巾pulling jack 拉力千斤顶pulling machine 拉丝机pulling rod 拉杆pulling scraper 拉铲pulling suspending conveyer 拖式悬挂输送机pulling unit 起油管装置pulling-in machine 牵引穿模机pulling-on machine 皮辊套管机pulling-over and lasting machine 拔楦套帮机pullom fibre 普隆姆纤维pullover shirt 套头式衬衫pullover 套衫pulmonary function analyzer 肺功能分析仪pulmonary function recorder 肺功能记录仪pulnott 普尔诺特棉pulp board 纸浆板pulp breaking machine 打浆机pulp catcher 受浆器pulp chloridizator 漂浆机pulp felt 浆粕毛毯pulp filter 滤浆器pulp grinder 浆研磨机pulp kneader 碎浆机pulp press 废粕压榨机pulp refiner 匀浆机pulp screen 纸浆筛pulp shredder 碎浆机pulp strainer 纸浆筛滤器pulp tank 贮浆池pulp thickener 浆料浓缩机pulp washer 洗浆机pulp water pump 浆水泵pulp wood 制浆木材pulp yarn 纸纱线pulp 纸浆pulp-drying machine 浆料干燥机pulped cloth 纸浆布pulper 纸浆搅拌机pulpifier 浆磨机pulping device 废纸离解机pulping engine 废纸离解机pulping machine 磨浆机pulpstone 磨浆石pulpy kidney vaccine 髓样肾病疫苗pulsar 脉冲牌汽车pulsate nitrogen laser 脉动氮激光器pulsating flow gas turbine 脉动式燃气轮机pulsating press 脉动压机pulsating screen 脉动筛pulsating welder 脉冲焊机pulsator dyeing machine 脉动绞纱染色机pulsator classifier 脉冲分级器pulsator deduster 脉动吸尘器pulsator jig 脉动跳汰机pulsator washing machine 波轮式洗衣机pulsator 搏动式人工呼吸器pulsatron 脉冲管pulscope 脉冲示波器pulse altimeter 脉冲测高计pulse amplifier 脉冲放大器pulse analyzer 脉冲分析器pulse cable 脉冲电缆pulse chopper 脉冲断续器pulse coder 脉冲编码器pulse compression filter 脉冲压缩滤波器pulse converter 脉冲变换器pulse copper vapor laser 脉冲铜蒸汽激光器pulse corrector 脉冲边沿修整器pulse count encoder 脉冲计数编码器pulse counter detector 脉冲计数检波器pulse counter 脉冲计数器pulse counting equipment 脉冲计数装置pulse decoder 脉冲解码器pulse delta modulator 脉冲增量调制器pulse demodulator 脉冲解调器pulse detector 脉冲检波器pulse dialer 脉冲拨号器pulse distance finder 脉冲测距计pulse distributor 脉冲分配器pulse divider 脉冲分配器pulse doppler radar 脉冲多普勒雷达pulse duplicator 脉冲复制器pulse duration coder 脉宽编码器pulse echo tester 脉冲回波测试仪pulse electromagnetic energy apparatus 脉冲电磁能机pulse encoder 脉冲编码器pulse extender 脉冲扩展器pulse extra-high tension generator 超高压脉冲发生器pulse fault indicator 脉冲故障指示器pulse former 脉冲形成器pulse forming amplifier 脉冲形成放大器pulse frequency discriminator 脉冲鉴频器pulse frequency divider 脉冲分频器pulse generator 脉冲发生器pulse jet engine 脉冲式喷气发动机pulse keyer 脉冲键控器pulse laser 脉冲激光器pulse link repeater 脉冲链路增音机pulse manipulator 脉冲控制器pulse modulation receiver 脉冲调制接收机pulse modulation transmitter 脉冲调制发射机pulse modulator 脉冲调制器pulse monitor 脉冲监控器pulse motor 脉冲电动机pulse oscillator 脉冲发生器pulse oscilloscope 脉冲示波器pulse peak detector 脉冲峰值检波器pulse polarizer 脉冲极化器pulse position indicator 脉冲位置指示器pulse position modulator 脉冲位置调制器pulse promoting drink 生脉饮pulse radar 脉冲式雷达pulse rate meter 脉搏率计pulse receiver 脉冲接收机pulse reflection fault locator 脉冲反射式故障定位器pulse regenerative amplifier 脉冲再生式放大器pulse regenerator 脉冲再生器pulse relaxation amplifier 脉冲张弛放大器pulse repeater 脉冲转发器pulse repetition frequency generator 脉冲重复频率发生器pulse ruby laser 红宝石脉冲激光器pulse selector 脉冲选择器pulse separator 脉冲分离器pulse setting controller 脉冲给定调节器pulse shaper 脉冲形成器pulse short wave diathermy unit 脉冲短波热疗机pulse signal generator 脉冲信号发生器pulse suppressor 脉冲抑制器pulse synchroscope 脉冲同步示波器pulse tachometer 脉冲转速计pulse therapeutic device 脉冲治疗仪pulse timing-marker oscillator 脉冲时标振荡器pulse transducer 脉冲变换器pulse transformer 脉冲变压器pulse transmitter 脉冲发射机pulse trigger 脉冲触发器pulse tube oscillator 脉冲电子管振荡器pulse tube refrigerator 脉管制冷器pulse type altimeter 脉冲式测高计pulse type correlator 脉冲式相关器pulse type laser diode 脉冲型激光二极管pulse ultrasonic doppler blood-flow detector 脉冲超声多普勒血流计pulse vacuum steam disinfector 脉冲真空蒸汽消毒器pulse valve 脉冲阀pulse voltage recorder 脉冲电压记录器pulse welding interrupter 脉冲焊接断续器pulse width coder 脉宽编码器pulse width decoder 脉宽解码器pulse width discriminator 脉宽鉴别器pulse width keyer 脉宽键控器pulse width modulated inverter 脉宽调制变换器pulse width modulation amplifier 脉宽调制放大器pulse width modulator 脉宽调制器pulse width multiplexer 脉宽多路复用器pulse width multiplier 脉宽倍增器pulse width phase detector 脉宽相位检波器pulse wound cleaner 脉冲式伤口清洗器pulse-activating decoction 生脉饮pulse-amplitude analyzer 脉冲幅度分析器pulse-code demodulator 脉冲码解调器pulse-code modulation exchange 脉码调制交换机pulse-code modulation tv 脉码调制电视pulse-coincidence detector 脉冲重合检测器pulse-controlled generator 脉冲控制发生器pulse-frequency nmr flowmeter 脉冲频率核磁共振流量计pulse-height analyzer 脉冲振幅分析器pulse-height discriminator 脉冲振幅鉴别器pulse-height selector 脉冲振幅选择器pulse-invigorating and heart-nourishing pill 通脉养心丸pulse-modulated magnetron 脉冲调制磁控管pulse-modulated oscillator 脉冲调制振荡器pulse-modulated radar 脉冲调制雷达pulse-network modulator 脉冲网络调制器pulse-shape analyzer 脉冲形状分析器pulse-wide-scope 脉冲宽度显示器pulsed attenuator 脉冲衰减器pulsed envelope detector 脉冲包络检波器pulsed feeder 脉动给料机pulsed frequent flash lamp 脉冲频闪灯pulsed gas analyzer 脉冲气体分析仪pulsed gasdynamic laser 脉冲气动激光器pulsed he-ne laser planeplate interferometer 脉冲氦氖激光平板干涉仪pulsed injection laser 脉冲注入式激光器pulsed ion cyclotron resonance spectrometer 脉冲离子回旋共振波谱仪pulsed lamp 脉冲灯pulsed laser amplifier 脉冲激光放大器pulsed laser diode 脉冲激光二极管pulsed laser 脉冲激光器pulsed magnetron 脉冲磁控管pulsed metal vapor laser 脉冲金属蒸汽激光器pulsed multi-cavity klystron 脉冲多腔速调管pulsed power travelling-wave tube 脉冲功率行波管pulsed rectifier 脉冲整流器pulsed ruby laser 脉冲红宝石激光器pulsed solid-state laser 脉冲固体激光器pulsed submillimeter laser interferometer 脉冲亚毫米波激光干涉仪pulsed thyratron 脉冲闸流管pulsed ultrashort wave diathermy apparatus 脉冲超短波热疗机pulsed ultrasonic therapy apparatus 脉冲超声波治疗机pulsed ultraviolet laser rangefinder 脉冲紫外激光测距仪pulsed uv nitrogen laser 脉冲紫外氮激光器pulsed wave doppler ultrasonic flowmeter 脉冲波多普勒超声流量计pulsed-jet intensifier 脉动射流增强器pulsed-light ceilometer 脉冲光束云高计pulsed-wave nmr spectrometer 脉冲波核磁共振波谱仪pulsed-xenon lamp 脉冲氙灯pulsejet 脉冲式喷气发动机pulselite 脉光灯pulser 脉冲发生器pulsimeter 脉冲计pulsing laser 脉冲激光器pulsing voltmeter 脉冲电压表pulsometer pump 蒸汽抽水泵pulsometer 脉搏计pulu fibre 普卢纤维pulverator 粉碎机pulveriser 粉磨机pulverising mill 粉磨机pulverized coal burner 煤粉燃烧器pulverized coal gun 煤粉喷枪pulverized coal 粉煤pulverizer 粉碎机pulverizing harrow 浅耕松土耙pulverizing mill 磨碎机pulverizing mixer 松土拌和机pulvimixer 松土拌和机pulvis infantile 小儿散pulvis miliariae 痱子粉pulvis sippy 席比氏散pulvis stomachicus 健胃散pumice sand 浮石砂pumice stone 浮石pumicestone paper 浮石纸pump adaptor 气筒嘴pump agitator 液压泵搅拌机pump body 泵体pump bucket 泵筒pump chair 升降椅pump diaphragm 泵膜片pump dredger 吸泥船pump drill 泵钻pump fed evaporator 强制循环式蒸发器pump governor 泵调整器pump impeller 泵叶轮pump leather cup 水泵皮碗pump motor 泵用电动机pump nozzle 喷头pump oiler with flexible nozzle 带软喷嘴的油泵pump out valve 抽空阀pump piston 泵活塞pump pliers 泵钳pump rod 泵杆pump runner 泵叶轮pump screen 泵过滤器pump shaft 泵轴pump strainer 泵滤网pump stroke counter 泵冲程计数器pump suction pipe 泵吸水管pump valve 泵阀pump wheel 泵轮pump 泵pump-turbine 涡轮泵pumpcrete machine 泵送混凝土机械pumper-decanter 泵送倾注洗涤器pumping columm 抽气塔pumping grinding mill 泵送碾磨机pumping machinery 抽水机械pumping rod 抽油杆pumping unit 抽油机pumpkin seed oil 南瓜子油pumpkin seed 白瓜子pumpkin 南瓜pumps in series 串联泵pumps 浅口无带皮鞋punch & bind machine 冲孔装订两用机punch and profile shaping machine 刨模机punch and shears 冲孔剪切机punch bowl and ladle 五味酒碗及勺punch bowl set 五味酒碗杯具punch bowl 五味酒大碗punch brush 穿孔电刷punch card transcriber 穿孔卡抄录器punch head 冲头punch machine 冲孔机punch magnet 穿孔磁铁punch press 冲床punch tape 穿孔带punch typewriter 打字穿孔机punch work 抽绣punch 冲头punch-pliers 打眼钻punched card computer 穿孔卡片计算机punched card computing machine 穿孔卡片计算机punched card controlled computer 穿孔卡控制式计算机punched card machine 卡片凿孔机punched card reader 穿孔卡片阅读器punched card terminal 穿孔卡片终端机punched felt rug 针刺植绒毯punched felt 针刺毡punched plate screen 冲孔板筛punched square nut 冲压方形螺母punched steel plate 穿孔钢板punched tape 穿孔纸带punched washer 冲制垫圈puncheon 冲孔器puncher 打孔机punching and shearing machine 冲剪两用机punching machine auto-feeder 冲床自动送料装置punching machine 冲床punching nippers 冲孔钳punching shears for carton 花纸冲压机punching shears for decals 花纸冲压机punching shears 冲剪punching tool 冲孔工具punchwork linen 亚麻抽绣布puncture instrument 穿刺器械puncture outfit 穿剌器puncture tester 耐压试验器puncture-proof tyre 防刺轮胎puncturevine 蒺藜pungee 茧绸pungent sesame oil 辣椒香油punica granatum 石榴punjab cotton 旁遮普产美种棉punjab silk 旁遮普生丝punjab wool 旁遮普羊毛punjam 庞詹蓝色平布punty 吹玻璃用的铁棒punty feeder 铁杆供料器pupil's wear 小学生服。

Background:The Phase III & IV Drafting Team thanks all commenters who submitted comments on the fourth draft of the PRC-002 and PRC-018. These standards were posted for a 30-day public comment period from April 4 through May 3, 2006. The drafting team asked stakeholders to provide feedback on the standards through a special Comment Form. There were 19 sets of comments, including comments from more than 46 different people from more than 36 companies representing all Regions and 6 of the 9 Industry Segments as shown in the table on the following pages.Based on the comments received, the drafting team is recommending that the Standards Authorization Committee authorize moving this set of two standards forward to balloting. The drafting team made several format changes to the standards, and made the following changes to the requirements based on stakeholder comments:PRC-002:-Added a phrase to the requirement for continuous recording to state that the requirement applies to devices installed after January 1, 2009.-Modified the requirement to provide data in COMTRADE format so that the requirement now states that the data must be in a which is capable of being viewed, read and analyzedwith a generic COMTRADE1 analysis tool.-Modified the data retention section to remove the requirement to retain documentation showing changes to DME dataPRC-018:-Modified the requirement for time synchronization to limit the requirement to the internal DME clock.In this ‘Consideration of Comments’ document stakeholder comments have been organized so that it is easier to see the responses associated with each question. All comments received on the SAR can be viewed in their original format at:ftp:///pub/sys/all_updl/standards/sar/Comments_D4_S1_PhaseIII-IV_03May06.pdfIf you feel that your comment has been overlooked, please let us know immediately. Our goal is to give every comment serious consideration in this process! If you feel there has been an error or omission, you can contact the Vice President and Director of Standards, Gerry Cauley at 609-452-8060 or at. In addition, there is a NERC Reliability Standards Appeals Process.21 IEEE C37.111-1999 IEEE Standard Common Format for Transient Data Exchange for Power Systems or its successor standard2 The appeals process is in the Reliability Standards Process Manual:/standards/newstandardsprocess.html.Industry Segment Commenter Organization1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9McDonald Ameren x x xMikeKen Goldsmith ALTPeter Burke ATC xDaveRudolph BEPCBaker Cinergy x x x T.JeffreyFred Ipock City Utilities, Springfield, MO x x x Thompson ConEdison xEdwinCompany x xEnergyCharlesRogers ConsumersW.David Powell First Energy xJohn Odom FRCC xCampbell FRCC xLindaLuke FPL xKevinShoneck FPL xBobDick Pursley GREOneNetwork xKiguel HydroDavid(Ontario) xRonFalsetti IESOEngland xKathleenGoodman ISO-NewTransmission xCyrulewski ITCJimSoehren ITCTransmission xJohnGreening ITCTransmission xVanDennis Florom LESEnergyTele.ofandDonaldNelson MADeptTom Mielnik MECCoish MHEB x x x x RobertTerry Bilke MISO xJoe Knight MRO xGrid xMichaelShiavone NationalISO xYorkGregCampoli NewJames W. Ingleson New York ISO xStateRel.Council xYorkAdamson NewAlanHogue NPCC xBrianGuy Zito NPCC xAlan Boesch NPPD xUtilities xJohnFerraro NortheastGosnell OPPDToddMark Kuras PJM xPowerCo xDepew PotomacAlvinElectricEvanCo xPowerSage PotomacElectricPowerElectricCo x RichardKafka PotomacRobert Dempsey Potomac Electric Power Co x Neil Shockey SCE x Wayne Guttormson SPC(Quebec) x RogerChampagne TransEnergieMoe WAPADarrickJim Maenner WPSPam Oreschnick XELIndex to Questions, Comments and Responses:1.Do you agree with the drafting team’s modification that moved the ‘functional’ requirementsthat should be common across all regions from PRC-002 into PRC-018? (5)2.Do you agree with the revised time synchronization requirements in PRC-018? (9)3.Do you agree with the drafting team’s modifications to the levels of non-compliance in PRC-018? (14)4.Please identify anything you feel needs to be modified before these standards areimplemented (18)。