Reading comprehension 1

READING:Free timeSport and music are the most popular hobbies. Boys usually play football and basketball, and girls usually play tennis and basketball. More teenagers listen to music than play instruments. Most teenagers watch TV for about two hours a day. They use computers in their free time for games, the Internet, and e-mail. Shopping is also popular, but teenagers don’t usually buy things on the Internet. Jobs at homeTeenagers spend about an hour a week on jobs at home. Most teenagers don’t like helping at home, but they usually make their beds and tidy their rooms. They don’t usually wash the dishes or take out the rubbish. Boys and girls go shopping with their parents for food, and they often cook meals at weekends. ConclusionTeenagers like the same things as teenagers in the past, but they use technology more often in their free time. They prefer doing jobs in their own bedrooms.1Which sport is popular with boys and girls?2Do teenagers usually watch TV every day?3What do teenagers use computers for?4Do teenagers prefer to buy thing in shops or on the Internet?5How many hours do teenagers spend on jobs at home every week?6 Which two jobs do teenagers usually do at home?7Which tw o jobs don’t teenagers usually do at home?8Who goes shopping for food with their parents?9When do teenagers often cook meals?10How are teenagers different from teenagers in the past?。

第一部分阅读理解(Reading Comprehension)第一节综述第二节第二节阅读理解题型分类讲解一、篇章阅读理解(Section A)(40分)1. 判断词汇和短语的意义常见猜词技巧举隅：a.利用注释或同位语猜测词义。

尤其注意生僻词后面的括号、冒号、破折号等标点符号及插入语充当同位语。

b. 利用附加说明猜测词义。

5）Dc. 利用常识猜测词义和逻辑关系猜测词义。

4) D 5) Ad. 猜测词义只能利用所给信息，务求精确，不能过度猜测。

e .利用类比猜测词义。

f. 利用同义复述猜测词义。

g. 利用对照关系猜测词义。

h. 拆分生词，利用词中信息并联系上下文猜测词义。

i. 拆分生词，利用词中的前后缀并联系上下文猜测词义。

j. 利用所给的例子概括词义。

Example 1: AExample 2: BExample 3: BExample 4: CExample 5: DExample 6: DExample 7: DExample 8: BExample 9: B判断词汇意义题练习答案1-5 BBDAA 6-7 CC2. 主旨题1）主题句常出现在首段首句：Example 1：AExample 2 : BExample 3: CExample 4 : D (变相主旨题)2)主题句也常出现在首段末句：Example 1：CExample 2: AExample 3: A3)主题句也常出现在问句、具有明显语义转折或表明话题转换的连接词所引导的句子中：Example 1: AExample 2: CExample 3: BExample 4: C4) 利用细节概括主题：Example 1: AExample 2: BExample 3: BExample 4: AExample 5: D主旨题练习答案1-5 AACAD 6-10 CBDDB 11-15 CACBC 16-17 AA3. 细节题Example 1: BExample 2:AExample 3: DExample 4: BExample 5: BExample 6: DExample 7: A DExample 9: D细节题练习答案1-5 ABDCC 6-10 BDBDA 11-15 ACBBC 16-17 BD36页：三对一错或三错一对细节题Example 1: BExample 2: DExample 3: BExample 4: BExample 5: AExample 6: D4. 判断、推理和引申Example 1: BExample 2: CExample 3: AExample 4: DExample 5: AExample 6: DExample 8: BExample 9: BExample 10: CExample 11: C推理题练习答案1-5 DBDCA 6-10 BCCBB5. 涉及作者的观点和态度选项中常见的涉及观点态度的词语：positive（赞成的）optimistic（乐观的）supportive（支持的）praising（赞扬的）admiring（羡慕的）pleasant（愉快的）concerned（关心的） enthusiastic（热情的）humorous （幽默的）sober （冷静的、持重的）arbitrary （武断的）approving (支持的）favorable （赞成的）disgusted（厌恶的）critical（批评的）negative（否定的）suspicious（怀疑的）tolerant（容忍的）worried（担忧的）pessimistic（悲观的）bitter（痛苦的）depressed（沮丧的）disappointed（失望的）ironic（讽刺的）sarcastic（挖苦的）cynical（玩世不恭的）sentimental（感伤的）impassive（不动感情的）indifferent（不关心的） neutral（中立的） objective（客观的）subjective（主观的）objective（客观的）apathetic（漠不关心的）impersonal （不带个人感情的）informative（提供信息的）impartial（不偏袒的）compromising (折衷的）Example 1: AExample 2:BExample 3: BExample 4: AExample 5: B观点态度题练习答案1.C2. CD3. B4.D5. C6.C7.C篇章阅读理解(Section A)综合练习答案Unit 1 ABDBC CDBCA DABCD BBDCAUnit 2 ADCBA ACDAB BACBD DCABCUnit 3 BABCC DAABC ABDDD ADBCCUnit 4 CCABA ADCBC ABCDA CDABAUnit 5 DDCAB ABCCB ADBCD CDDBAUnit 6 BABDD ACDAD BBADB DBAABUnit 7 BDCAC ACDDA BAADA ACBAAUnit 8 DCABB BCDAB BCCDA BBCADUnit 9 BDDAC DBDBC DBCBD BABCAUnit 10 DABCA BBDCB BDABA DDBCB二、篇章阅读理解(Section B)Sample 1 DGBAFSample 2 FEBGC篇章阅读理解(Section B)练习答案Passage 1 CBGFE Passage 2 GFACBPassage 3 BDGCF Passage 4 GDCAFPassage 5 BFEAC Passage 6 BDGAF三、篇章词汇理解 (Banked Cloze)Sample: NMIGO ALCBF篇章词汇理解( Banked Cloze)练习答案Passage 1 DIFKO ACHJL Passage 2 GKJLH DEOFIPassage 3 LGIDO FBNJC Passage 4 FBELK JNAOIPassage 5 GDHIK MLBJE Passage 6 BIFGE NKIMDPassage 7 HCEIG JKMBA Passage 8 OMJBD ICAFEPassage 9 ELIKF ANOCH第二部分综合测试(Integrated Testing)第一节完形填空(Cloze) ：一、题型分析DCABC CDBAB ACDBA BCDBC二、完形填空(Cloze) 应对策略一）动词、名词的固定搭配：1. D2. A3. D4. D5.D6.C7. A8. B9. A 10. C A11. A 12. C D 13. B C 14. C二）虚词的固定搭配（介、代、副、连）：1. D D2. D3. B4. A5. A6. B7. B8. A9. A 10. D11. C 12. A 13. C三）合理利用逻辑关系确定选项：1. B D A2. C3. C4. B5. D6. B四）仔细甄别近义词：1. D2. C3. D4. D C5. C6. A.7. C8. C9.B 五）仔细甄别近形词：1.A2. D3. D4. B5. A6. A六）利用对照确定选项（尤其注意反义词）：1.C2. A.3. C4.A5. A6. D7. B8. C七）合理利用并列、复述结构确定选项（尤其注意同义、近义词）：1. A2.C3. B D A4. D5. C6.D7.C八）合理利用指代关系确定选项：1. B A2. B3. B九）利用逻辑关系确定选项：1.DB完型填空（Cloze)练习答案Passage 1 CABAD ADBCB DABCB CDABCPassage 2 DBCAC BADCB ACADB CBDADPassage 3 BDABC ABACA BBADA BADBCPassage 4 BACDB ACBCA BDABC CDABDPassage 5 BACBC CACDB CACBC CAACBPassage 6 CBADB CAACB AACBB CADBDPassage 7 CACDD AACDB CDABA ABDCDPassage 8 CBDCA ABDBA DACAD CBDDCPassage 9 BADAC BCCDB DACBC ADBDCPassage 10 ADDDD BACBB BCDCC BCDDDPassage 11 ACDAD DCCBD AADBC BBCABPassage 12 CBDCB ADCBC BDCAD BBADCPassage 13 ACCAB CDCAD DABAB BCADBPassage 14 CDCBB DAAAB BDDAD ACBBBPassage 15 DCBAC BCDDC ACBAD BBADAPassage 16 CADCB ADBCD AADCB ACDBCPassage 17 CBDAB DCACD CCBDB CCCABPassage 18 ABDCA CDBBA CADBD ACBCD第二节篇章问答(Short Answer Questions) 应对策略一、题型分析Sample 11.The psychology of money-spending habits.2.his/her strong psychological need3.To save money4.To increase business5. psychologistsSample 2S1. GMT with UTCS2. Whether to adopt the new measure.S3. Atomic clocks.S4. bring the two ways of time-keeping in lineS5. It protested the proposal.篇章问答(Short Answer Questions)练习答案：1.S1. survive/economy/economicsS2. Because they might end up with less money.或Because they would spend more than their earnings.或Because their earnings wouldn’t cover the spending.或Because they couldn’t afford the extra payments of double-worker family.或Because going back to work might cost more money.S3. Economic factors and emotional needs(of each family member)或One is economic factors, the other is emotional needs.或They are economic factors and emotional needs.S4. satisfied with homemaking或that homemaking gives them the deepest satisfaction或that homemaking and being with children give them deepest satisfactionS5. stay home with her little girl或stay home and enjoy family life2.S1. From 1930 to 1934. / Between 1930 and 1934.S2. Driving tests and pedestrian crossings. / The introduction of driving tests and pedestrian crossing.S3. exceeds the different speed limits in different areas.S4. Speed limits reduce accidents.S5. The increase in traffic density.3.S1. 70S2. Because of the trend of fewer children and postponing childbirth.S3. Because they have the freedom to do so.S4. They are better educated, more independent and individualistic.S5. Because these changes can influence their behavior.4.S1. Parents have greater influence than the school.或Parent’s influence is greater than the school’s.S2. They are established well before the age of six.S3. In science subjects.S4. They were told not to educate their childrenS5. teach reading at home.5.S1. How long information can be keptS2. To study how non-native students remember English vocabularyS3. The students involved in Henning’s experimentS4. Students of different proficiencies use short-term memory differentlyS5. Short-term memory6.S1. whether or not one was a native speaker.S2. The same status as their counterparts.S3. Ones who can teach and have the required English level.S4. Non-native English teachers have been liberated. Or: It singled out the unqualified.S5. qualified English teachers because they were non-native speakers.7.S1. In the recycling bin.S2. (Beatles drummer) Ringo Starr.S3. She will contact the celebrity’s security team and the police..S4. Celebrity.S5. A photo with a printed “autograph”.第三部分翻译（Translation）第一节汉译英(Chinese-English Translation)一、例题分析Sample 11.had I felt/been so excited2.might/ would/could have said something she would regret later3.concentrating on/ focusing on/ centering on reviewing my lesson4.I heard them communicate in French5.available/accessible free of charge/ for freeSample 21. it is not likely to replace newspaper completely2. what used to be considered impossible3. figured out/ came up with/ made out a good answer4. let alone buy it5. the tickets will have been sold out by the time we get thereSample 31.healthier, happier and less likely to die young2.a lack of a career objective/goal/aim and a lack of self confidence//lacking a career objective/goal/aim and lacking self confidence3.teach my children/kids the same (personal) value4.After all, it is not your fault5. take into account/consideration the money needed for repairing/maintaining it// its maintenance汉译英(Chinese-English Translation) 练习答案：Test 11. neither/ nor do they want to learn a lesson from it2. let alone a big company3. Due to/ Because of a lack of fund4. As long as you set/lay a goal for yourself5. range from $100 to $1000Test 21. Judging by his accent2. lest he himself (should) wake her up3. As/So long as you keep on trying4. Under no circumstance/ In no cases5. I must have left it somewhereTest 31. can’t be too careful2. to the researchers’ surprise/amazement3. obey/observe/follow the local customs4. have turned down the offer for this job again5. bear/experience many hardships in lifeTest 41.whether (it is) heated or not2. did he overcharge me/ charge me too much3.(when/if) compared with mine4. did I realize that reading could not afford to be neglected5. to attribute children’s success toTest 51. absorbed/lost in2. be operated on// be performed an operation on3. should be responsible for4. did he remember5. does not apply to me// is not the case for meTest 61. could/would have lent2. insure your house against fire3. as he likes her4. expect too much of him5. sit/stay up late1. take people’s sleep quality/quality of sleep into account/consideration2. taking for granted what they have done (for him)3. could have been knocked down by a vehicle4. contact us at the following address5. at your convenience//if it is convenient for youTest 81. often surfing the Internet for information2. a substitute/replacement for that material3. made for the exit as quickly as he could/ as possible4. does he regard/see/view his himself as an expert5. to keep pace withTest 91. worth $80 even without any discount2. Faced/Confronted with fierce competition from other companies3. have very little / nearly nothing in common4. did I realize that I could not succeed only/merely by luck5. more species would have become/been extinct from the earth// died out on the earthTest 101. adapt oneself to life/living in different cultures2. nothing is more attractive to me than reading/ to me, nothing is more important than reading3. would have had a chance to survive/would have survived4. might feel lonely when they are away from home/ are traveling.5. at a speed/rate of 12 million per year 或at an annual speed/rate of 12 millionTest 111. at the price/cost of her family life2. Wherever you go in the world/ No matter where you go in the world3. Once/When(it is) heated in the fire4. Sharing the similar idea he has5. finishing your paper ahead of timeTest 121. learn to adapt himself to the new environment2. would rather join you as a volunteer than go to the beach for a holiday.3. Whatever problem we encounter/ come across/ have4. the temperature dropping so quickly5. in spite that he had to to do a part-time job now and then1. shall I give up the plan (which) I have made2. has increased by 30 percent3. the one who comes to the shop earliest on a given morning4. arguing over such a question with him5. had been accused of cheating customers.Test 141. What they have in common2. not to mention speaking English.3. This being the case// In view of the case4. because of the big differences between our prices5. never goes back on his word/ never breaks his promiseTest 151. the fewer mistakes you will make in your writing/composition2. did he start booking the train ticket and preparing for the journey3. tend to play an important role/ part4. give priority to reducing unemployment// put reducing unemployment in the first place5. how he had manged to work out/ figure out/ solve the maths problem第二节英译汉(English-Chinese Translation)一、例题分析Sample 11. 无论你是书迷还是只为买本好书送人，在一家布置雅致的书店度过的光阴总是那么惬意。

Reading Comprehension (Multiple Choice)Directions: Read the following passages carefully and choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.Passage 1Mr. and Mrs. Jones' flat was full of boxes, big and small; trunks (大皮箱); and furniture. The two of them were busy with pencils and paper, checking their list of luggage (行) when there was a ring at the door. Mrs. Jones went to open it, and saw a well-dressed middle-aged lady outside. The lady said that she lived in a flat beside theirs, and that she had come to welcome them to their new home.Mrs. Jones invited her in."I hope you'll excuse us for all this mess (杂乱)," said Mrs. Jones, "We are trying...""Oh, that's quite all right," said the lady. "Do you know, in some parts of this town, neighbors are not at all friendly? There are some streets-and even some buildings-where people don't know their neighbors-not even their next-door ones. But in this building, everyone is a friend with everybody else. We are one big, happy family. I'm sure you'll be happy here."The lady was greatly surprised when she visited the same flat the next time, because she found that a different man and a woman had moved in. On the lady's first visit, Mr. and Mrs. Jones had not the heart to tell her they were not the new owners of the flat, but the old owners, who had lived beside her for two years. All this time she had never visited or even noticed Mr. and Mrs. Jones, her next-door neighbors.1. Someone knocked at the door when Mr. and Mrs. Jones were ________.A. cleaning their houseB. counting (数) their luggageC. moving their furnitureD. writing their shopping listCorrect answer: B2. This writer of this passage suggests that the middle-aged lady ________.A. lives in a big happy familyB. lives aloneC. does not do what she saysD. is a bothersome neighborCorrect answer: C3. According to the middle-aged lady, in some parts of the town, people ________.A. had big, happy familiesB. had small, unhappy familiesC. didn't know their neighborsD. didn't like their neighborsCorrect answer: C4. From the passage, we know ________.A. the middle-aged lady was warm-heartedB. the middle-aged lady had been living in the building for two yearsC. Mr. and Mrs. Jones told the middle-aged lady the truthD. Mr. and Mrs. Jones were the middle-aged lady's old neighborsCorrect answer: D5. What is the tone (语气) of the writer in the passage?A. Happy.B. Sad.C. Indifferent (不关心的).D. Critical.Correct answer: DPassage 2When I was in the 7th grade, I had a lot of trouble reading. My mother used to sit by my side, and explain each paragraph of each school reading assignment to me because I didn't understand what I was reading. She would have to read each paragraph to me. And then after each paragraph, she told me the general meaning of what we just read.In class, I tried to hide the fact that I couldn't read. My teachers gave us the last ten minutes of class to start our reading homework, and I would sit there for ten minutes staring at the page, pretending I was reading it. I remember a terrible feeling of not wanting to get into trouble for not being able to understand. I had to wait until I got home so my mother could explain it to me. How did I ever get into Cornell University?By the 8th grade I started understanding a little on my own, but I was reading at a very slow speed. I got hold of all the speed-reading books I could get my hands on. I read them all very slowly at the time. I even went out and took a course on speed-reading. Then I developed my own way which was easier and produced quicker results. I started practicing these techniques every day, and as I started to read faster, my understanding increased. I found that I stopped daydreaming and thinking about other things while I was reading, and started getting the larger meaning. I was reading faster and comprehending better.I found that when you read slowly, word-by-word, you get lost in the words, lose the bigger picture, and your comprehension drops. When you read faster, your comprehension goes up because instead of getting lost in the words, you see the general picture.1. The main difficulty the writer had in reading in the 7th grade was that ________________________.A. she often forgot her school reading assignmentsB. she had difficulty reading with comprehensionC. she had a poor vocabulary and very bad grammarD. she always looked elsewhere when asked to readCorrect answer: B2. The writer would pretend to be reading in the last 10 minutes of class because _________________________.A. she was afraid of being found outB. the reading class was terribleC. she had to do what others were doingD. her mother told her to do soCorrect answer: A3. The writer's reading ability improved a great deal mainly because _______________________.A. she entered Cornell UniversityB. she took a course on speed readingC. her mother helped herD. she developed her own way of readingCorrect answer: D4. From her own experience, the writer found that _________________.A. one's comprehension drops if one reads too slowlyB. in order to understand better, one has to read slowlyC. one does not pay enough attention to information if one reads fastD. many people read fast in order to save timeCorrect answer: A5. The writer wrote the passage in order to ___________________.A. prove to readers the importance of higher educationB. tell a story in honor of her motherC. give a detailed description of different reading skillsD. prove the importance of reading fastCorrect answer: DPassage 3Learning a foreign language is not a matter of reading some grammar rules or some vocabulary words-although those are important activities not to be ignored. Acquiring (学到) a language is learning a skill, not a body of information. It's much more like learning to swim or ride a bike than it is like learning about the Second World War. That is, you must not only understand the ideas and have information at hand, but also make your body accustomed (习惯于) to using that information in physical (身体的) activity. In the case of learning a second language, the physical activity is speaking, listening, writing, and reading.You need, then, not only to learn and understand, but also to practice!Here are a few suggestions on effective practice/study techniques.1. Make your mouth or hand do what your mind is learning. Study out loud. Go to the lab and work with tapes. Study with a friend, practicing speaking and listening. Try to write sentences ora short paragraph using the skills you have practiced with your own lips.2. Study day by day. You cannot get by in a foreign language course by cramming (临时抱佛脚) at the last minute. You may be able to "learn" vocabulary items that way, but you cannot teach your mouth to use them in sentences.3. Sometimes go back and review "old" topics and vocabulary. Language learning is cumulative(累积的). The new skills you learn build upon the old skills you learned in the past. The more you "recycle" (循环) familiar information and skills, the better you will be able to take in new ones.4. Don't be afraid to make mistakes. Self-consciousness (害羞) can be a strong barrier to learning a language. Perhaps part of the reason small children readily learn languages is that they are not afraid of making mistakes.1. The main idea of the first paragraph is______.A. memorizing vocabulary words is necessary in language learningB. learning to swim is quite similar to learning about the Second World WarC. understanding the ideas is more important than anything elseD. language learning is a process of acquiring different language skillsCorrect answer: D2. One of the major benefits of studying with a friend is that _____________ .A. it makes one talk and listen in a particular languageB. it builds the friendship between two friendsC. friends can share tapes or other learning materialsD. one studies better with a friendCorrect answer: A3. Cramming is not helpful in learning a language because _________.A. it is of little use to study without a clear purposeB. nothing can be learned through crammingC. anything learned that way can hardly be put into useD. one may not find enough time to use at the last minuteCorrect answer: C4. The purpose of reviewing old topics is _____________________________.A. to build up a good base for new skillsB. to enjoy the good ideas contained in themC. to throw away the old, useless informationD. to avoid making mistakes in the futureCorrect answer: A5. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A. Why Children Are Able to Learn a Language Better Than Grown-ups?B. A Few Suggestions on Studying a Foreign LanguageC. Why Learning a Foreign Language Is More Difficult Than Anything Else?D. An Introduction to Language Teaching and LearningCorrect answer: BPassage 4When the Japanese Prime Minister Noboru Takeshita visited Washington in 1988, he started an address to the National Press Club with a brief statement in English, in which he admitted that his accent was so bad that a translator was needed for the rest of his speech.Takeshita's problem is not unique in Japan. Many Japanese are eager to use the world's mostpopular foreign language but have trouble mastering it even when they are, like Takeshita, well educated. The Japanese like to decorate their own language with many English loaners, such as raisu for rice and sarariman for salary man. English is fashionable in Japanese advertising, packaging, and technology.Yet for all that intense interest, when English is spoken in Japan, it is generally spoken poorly. The problem is rooted in a much-praised educational system. Japanese schools turn out top graduates in mathematics and science but fail in teaching spoken English. The teachers, speaking in Japanese most of the time, are generally successful in instructing students in the complexities of written translation and English grammar, because entrance examinations for acceptance by top-ranked universities stress nothing else.Dramatic changes in the examination system are unlikely. Yet small signs of progress are visible. This year, for example, the University of Tokyo will experiment with an English listening comprehension test as a minor element of the entrance exam. If it is successful, other universities may follow.1. The author told the story of Takeshita in order to show that_____.A. Japanese people are modestB. he didn't learn English wellC. many Japanese people are poor in spoken EnglishD. a translator is necessary for a Japanese personCorrect answer: C2. The general problem with Japanese English is attributed to_____.A. too many English words being used in JapaneseB. the educational systemC. the listening-comprehension testD. all of the aboveCorrect answer: B3. You may find a lot of English loaners in Japanese, because_____.A. the Japanese are fond of EnglishB. English is very effective in advertisingC. English is a language used all over the worldD. the Japanese language has limited vocabularyCorrect answer: A4. According to the passage, the educational system in Japan_____.A. will have dramatic changesB. is good at teaching EnglishC. is much criticizedD. will make some improvement in its English examination systemCorrect answer: D5. It can be inferred that if a Japanese student is required to take an English grammar exam, he _____.A. will possibly failB. will probably do well on itC. may consult an English dictionaryD. will admit he can't do itCorrect answer: BPassage 5"Culture consists of all shared products of a human society" (Robertson, 1981). This means not only such material things as cities, tools, and schools, but also non-material things, such as ideas, customs, family patterns, and languages. Put simply, culture refers to the entire way of life of a society, "the ways of a people".Language is a part of culture and plays a very important role in it. Some social scientists consider it the keystone of culture. Without language, maintaining culture would not be possible. On the other hand, language is influenced and shaped by culture. It reflects culture in the broadest sense, is the symbolic representation of a people, and it comprises a society's historical and cultural backgrounds. Language also displays a people's approach to life and their ways of living and thinking.We should not go further into the relationship between language and culture. What needs to be stressed here is that the two interact, and that understanding of one requires understanding of the other.Social scientists tell us that cultures differ from one another and that each culture is unique. As cultures are diverse, languages are also diverse. It is only natural then that with difference in cultures and differences in languages, difficulties often arise in communicating between people of different cultures. Understanding is not always easy.Learning a foreign language well means more than merely mastering the pronunciation, grammar, words, and idioms. It also means learning to see the world as native speakers of that language see it, learning the ways in which their language reflects the ideas, customs, and behaviors of their society. It means learning to understand their "language of the mind". Learning a language, in fact, is inseparable from learning culture.1. According to Robertson, what is NOT part of non-material culture?A. Legal systems.B. Language.C. Religion.D. Tools.Correct answer: D2. The second paragraph is about _____.A. the way language is used by social scientistsB. the relationship between language and cultureC. the influence culture has on languageD. the influence language has on cultureCorrect answer: B3. If you want to learn a foreign language well, you must _____.A. grasp the pronunciation, grammar, words, and idiomsB. master the language as well as its cultureC. know the way the native speakers of that language thinkD. learn the country's culture firstCorrect answer: B4. The relationship between language and culture is that _________.A. language dominates cultureB. culture dominates languageC. they are connected with each otherD. language consists of cultureCorrect answer: C5. "Language of the mind" means _____.A. the unspoken things that people thinkB. the method for studying a languageC. the manner in which people thinkD. the common culture shared by all people regardless of languageCorrect answer: CPassage 6A boy between the ages of 6 and 14 still admires his mother and has plenty to learn from her. But his interests are changing—he is becoming more interested in what men have to offer. A boy knows he is turning into a man. He has to learn from a man to complete his development.The father's job is to step in over time. If there is no father around, then the child must depend on other men in places such as school. This is happening more frequently and would not be such a problem if there were more male teachers at primary school for boys to look up to.Children need a lot of extra support. Throughout primary school years and into high school, boys should spend a lot of time with their fathers and mothers, getting their help, learning how to do things, and enjoying their company.With regard to feelings, at this stage the father is more important. The boy is ready to learn from his father and listens to what he has to say. Often he will take more notice of his father. It's enough to drive a mother wild!Now is a good time for a father to do "little" things, like playing in the yard on summer evenings, going for walks, telling stories about life, telling him about his own youth, working on hobbies, or playing sports together for enjoyment. This is the time when good memories are created that will be healthy for the son, as well as for the father, for years to come.Although every boy is different, it's common for boys at this age to get a little argumentative (好争论的), restless, and moody (闹情绪). It's not that they are turning bad—just that they arebeing born into a new self and birth always means struggle.I believe this is the age when we fail teenagers the most. In our society all we offer those in their middle teens is "more of the same", that being more school. So it's little wonder that problems arise. But if parents, and fathers in particular, pay close attention to their sons, fewer problems will arise.1. According to the passage a boy needs the help of _________ to develop well.A. his mother onlyB. his father onlyC. neither his mother nor his fatherD. both his mother and fatherCorrect answer: D2. One problem for a boy's development is that ________.A. there are few men teaching in primary schoolsB. there are few women teaching in primary schoolsC. the boy's interests are changingD. the boy wants to act as a manCorrect answer: A3. A good time for a father to have an influence on his son is ________.A. when the boy is 14B. when the boy is at primary schoolC. from about age 6 to the 14th birthdayD. from when the boy was bornCorrect answer: C4. By the middle teens boys argue often with their parents. This means ________.A. they are turning badB. they are turning goodC. they are being born into new selvesD. they are rebelling against their parentsCorrect answer: C5. The main idea of this passage is that ________.A. fathers play a large role in raising boysB. mothers should feel comfortable when their sons' interests are changing.C. without fathers mothers can raise good menD. fathers should stay with their sons as much as possibleCorrect answer: APassage 7The years from 14 until the early 20s are for becoming an adult and for separating from parents. This is the time when a son develops a life that is quite separate from the family.He has teachers you hardly know, experiences you have never heard about, and challenges that you cannot help him with. There have to be others to act as a bridge, and this is what mentors (良师益友) do.We should not leave youngsters in a group of friends at this age without adult care. But a mentor is more than a teacher. A mentor is special to the child and the child is special to the mentor.Teenagers suffer badly if their parents have fewer friends. I know this from experience. When my parents moved to Australia, they were already shy people and became even less willing to meet people once we were there. They never found a group or friendship circle into which we teenagers could enter bit by bit. As a result, when my sister and I hit the middle of the teen years, we had to break out into the big world all of a sudden.If there are no mentors around, a young man will fall into a lot of troubles in growing up. Teenagers at this age have so many either—or choices and decisions—about sex, job choices, or drugs and alcohol.If Mom and Dad keep spending time with them, teenagers will talk to them about these things. But there will be a need to talk to other adults, too.One study showed that just one good adult friend outside the family was a "good anchor" for the teenager.The worst thing we can do with teenagers is to leave them alone. This is why we need the help of really great teachers and youth workers at this age.1. A boy separates himself from his family ________.A. by the middle of the teensB. at 20C. after 20D. from 14 until the early 20sCorrect answer: D2. The one who is to act as a good bridge for a fifteen year old is ________.A. a mentorB. a schoolteacherC. the fatherD. the motherCorrect answer: A3. The author and his sister had a hard time stepping into the outside world because ________.A. their parents had lots of friendsB. their parents had few friendsC. their parents did not allow them to choose their mentors by themselvesD. their parents went to live in Australia without themCorrect answer: B4. In the last sentence of Paragraph 4 the phrase "break out into" means ________.A. disturbB. destroyC. enterD. openCorrect answer: C5. Which of the following sentences is True according to the passage?A. Parents should let teenagers choose their mentors themselves.B. Those in the middle teens are fully ready for the outside world.C. Spending time with teenagers may keep them away from bad things such as drugs and alcohol.D. Teenagers suffer only when they have no mentors.Correct answer: CPassage 8College is a new and different experience for me. I'm away from home, so I have many things to adjust to, such as being on my own and meeting many different types of people. There are a lot of things that I like about college that I would like to describe for you.First of all, living at college gives me a sense of responsibility and of being on my own. My parents aren't around to say, "No, you're not going out tonight," or "Did you finish your homework?" Everything I do has to be my decision, and that makes me responsible for my own life. During the second week I was at college, I had to go out and look for a bank where I could open an account. And when I got to the bank, I had to decide whether to have a checking or savings account and whether or not to get a credit card. Decisions! Decisions!Friendly people is another thing I like about college. On the first day I came to Marymount University here in Virginia from New York, I was a bit confused about where I was going. My mother and I drove in. We did not know the building we were supposed to go to, but the guard was very nice. With a smile, he told us what building we were looking for and where we could park our car. My room was on the first floor of New Gerard, and I knew I had to go through some glass doors, but my mother and I didn't know which ones. Some students saw me and asked, "Are you a new student?" When they found out I was looking for New Gerard, one said, "Oh, just follow us; that's where we're going." Even now I feel comfortable in the dorm (学生宿舍) because there are friendly people around to talk with.I do like a lot of things about college, but that doesn't mean I don't think about things at home. Although I like college, I can still get homesick. New York is a very good place, too! And sometimes I miss it!1. The text is perhaps written by ________.A. a new studentB. a new teacherC. a foreign reporterD. a foreign visitorCorrect answer: A2. What does "gives me a sense of responsibility" in the first sentence of Paragraph 2 mean?It means it makes me feel ________.A. responsible for my parents.B. responsible for my teacher.C. responsible for the school.D. responsible for myself.Correct answer: D3. One thing that he liked was ________.A. the comfortable dormB. finding his way aroundC. his studies as a first year studentD. the friendly peopleCorrect answer: D4. What is New Gerard?A. It's a student's name.B. It's a teacher's name.C. It's a dorm's name.D. It's a school's name.Correct answer: C5. Which of the following is NOT true?A. People in Marymount University are friendly.B. The writer likes the new experience in the university.C. The writer drove to Marymount University with his mother.D. The writer is not homesick.Correct answer: DPassage 9Scientific research has shown that direct parental involvement (卷入) in the life of the child is the most important factor in increasing the odds of a kid remaining drug-free. "Give enough time, care, and attention to our children," says Lilia Dulay, the chief of Preventive (预防性的) Education, Training, and Information at the Dangerous Drugs Board of the Philippines, "and the odds increase greatly that they won't use drugs.""We are living in a society in which parents and the extended family have less time to devote to youngsters," says Hata. "The pressure to earn more money means parents often work long hours and see little of their children. This lack of quality and quantity of parental involvement is the most crucial factor in the increase of drug use. "In short, parents must be involved in their children's lives."Dato Haji Jamaat says parents should understand that in some Asian cities school drug prevention programs are either limited or non-existent. Parents should help develop other programs that cater (迎合) to the needs of youngsters and make positive use of children's energy. The exceptions (例外) are Singapore and Hong Kong, since both have extensive drug-education programs. Both cities have also recorded a drop in the number of youngsters caught taking drugs. According to the Singapore Anti-Narcotics Association, the number of new drug users dropped from 1134 in 1997 to 769 in 1998.To keep children away from drugs, one thing is clear, and that is schools, communities, religious institutions, and the police can help, but no one can replace the family. The work that parents do is critical. Most experts agree it is highly likely that youngsters who don't do drugs as teens will not do drugs as adults.Talk to your children. Listen to them. Set standards of right and wrong. Keep in mind that they learn by example. Love, support, and praise them so they will have a positive sense of self-worth. Keep them busy. Be involved with—and on top of—their lives. Educate yourself about drugs. Remember, don't let your silence be acceptance.1. According to the passage, what is the most effective factor in keeping children drug-free?A. Attention from the parents.B. School teaching.C. Governmental legislation.D. None of the above.Correct answer: A2. According to Hata, what is the principal cause of children taking drugs?A. There are more and more extended families today.B. Parents earn more and more money.C. Parents pay less and less attention to their children.D. Children are harder and harder to control.Correct answer: C3. Which one of the following statements is True?A. Drug prevention in the world has been very effective.B. Drug prevention calls for parents to be active.C. Drug addiction in Asia is very rare and non-existent.D. The lack of drug prevention in Asia is due to the prevalence of extended families. Correct answer: B4. According to the passage, what methods, besides attention from parents, can be effective in preventing children from taking drugs?A. Calling for the police.B. Sending the children to school.C. Making the children believe in Christianity.D. All of the above.Correct answer: D5. What does the phrase "be...on top of their lives" in the last paragraph mean?A. Make them understand that your business is more important than theirs.B. Put their lives at your disposal.C. Know what's going on in their lives.D. Set examples for them in their lives.Correct answer: CPassage 10Jim was a young man who was honest and worthy of trust, so his boss was pleased with him. As。

大学英语四级考试解题攻略——阅读篇大学英语四级考试题中，阅读题（Reading Comprehension）分为：一，快速阅读（Skimming and Scanning），限时15分钟完成；二，仔细阅读（Reading in Depth），25分钟完成，该题又分为Section A：选词填空（十五选十），Section B常规阅读（两篇）。

此题最大的特点就是题量大、时间短，因此掌握阅读题的解题技巧就成了该题的解题关键所在。

一、快速阅读（Skimm ing and Scanning）快速阅读理解要求考生在15分钟的时间里，阅读一篇长1000字左右，多达十段的文章，然后回答十个问题。

前七个要求回答“（Y）对”、“（N）错”、“（NG）原文未提及”，后三个问题属于补全句子。

具体方法是：第一，采用略读法（Skimming）读文章。

所谓略读法，就是有意地忽略一些字词、句子或段落，略读不是略去某些词不读，而是指不可以逐字逐词地阅读。

要抓住关键词，阅读句群，把握整体意思。

在一个句子里，最关键的是主语、谓语、宾语，其他的成分都是用来补充主、谓、宾的附加成分。

在使用略读法时，要省去各种细节的知识，如数字、公式、时间、地点、人物年龄等；要注意故事的主要情节，抓住中心意思。

在方法上，阅读时可以跳跃某些句子，但要注意关键词、关键段落和问题。

第二，利用寻读法（Scanning）寻找答案，也就是先看选项后看文章，即带着问题回到文章中寻找答案，分析题干和选项，确定信息词，当找到了所需要的信息时，要立即停下来。

然后，再慢慢地细读包含所需信息的那一行或那一句，确定答案。

第三，按顺序做题，找文章信息词。

快速阅读由于篇幅较长，所以出题人一般不会打乱出题顺序。

因此，考生应该严格按照出题顺序来做题。

一般第一题到文章前面找答案，最后一题到文章后半部分找答案。

信号词常用来连接细节或是强调内容，并可完成段落的转换，暗示读者下文要讲的内容，标志出作者要提出一个新的思想或者观点，或者是作者要对所论述的观点举例说明，或者要详细论述同一观点。

Unit 1 Language in missionSection Acan understand a lot better,reads science fiction books in English,successfully finishing reading the first English book, satisfaction and pleasureat least only one language advanced 1. 2. 1 Pre-reading activities(1)1.listening to the Beatles2.3.4.5.(2)1. • Yes, because the way to learn English is more interesting and enjoyable.2. • Yes, I could speak and write more fluently with good grammar and vocabulary.3. • Read English novels and magazines.1. 2. 2 Reading comprehension(1)1. Because he is tired of listening to his father and he is not interested in grammar rules.2. The civilization of Greece and the glory of Roman architecture are so marvelous and remarkable that they should be described in a brief account ; however, what the student could do was single utterance : 〃whoa!〃 without any specific comment.3. Because the schools fail to set high standards of proficiency. They only teach a little grammar and less vocabulary. And the younger teachers themselves have little knowledge of the vital structures of language.4. Because teaching grammar is not an easy job and most of the students will easily get bored if it's not properly dealt with.5. He familiarized his son with different parts of speech in a sentence and discussed their specific grammatical functions including how to use adverbs to describe verbs.6. Because the son had never heard about the various names and functions of words in an English sentence before.7. The author uses 〃road map ，z and 〃cax〃 to describe grammar and vocabulary. Here, 〃road map ，z is considered as grammar and 〃cax〃 as vocabulary.8. Since the subjunctive mood his son used is a fairly advanced grammar structure, the interjection 〃whoa!〃 reflects the tremendous pride the father had toward his son; it also reflects the author's humor in using the word because it was once used by his student, though in twodifferent situations and with two different feelings.(2)1.•Motivation.2.English grammar helps a lot in the following:3.•Use more communicative ways.4.•Read more English from online sources.5.•Read English newspapers,magazines,and books.1. 3.1Word in use1.condense,2.exceed,3.deficit,4.exposure,5.asset,6.adequate,petent,8.adjusting,9.precisely,10.beneficial1.3.2Word building:Practice(1)1)managerial,2)editorial,3)substance,4)survival,5)tradition,6)margin,7)consistency,8)accuracy,9)efficient,10)recovery,11)ministry,12)assembly(2)I.editorial,2.recovery,3.accuracy,4.substance,5.managerial,6.margin,7.assembly,8.Ministry,9.survival,10.tradition,II.consistency,12.efficient1. 3.4Banked cloze1)obliged,2)tedious,3)beneficial,4)abundant,5)adjusted,6)bulk,7)evidently,8)functions,9)efficiently,10)distress1. 3.5Expressions in use1.feel obliged to,2.be serious about,3.run into,4.distinguish between,5.thrust upon,6.was allergic to,7.get lost,8.be attracted to,9.make sense,10.looked upon as1. 4.1Structured writing:PracticeSome bookworms in my dormitory often spend hours reading their 〃Bible〃，Practical English Grammar,and do a lot of exercises in that book,but I don，t care about it at all.My assumption is since I have never learned Chinese grammar,what's the sense of learning English grammar?In fact,English grammar has always been a big headache to me.English grammar is very complicated because,unlike Chinese, there are many verb tenses.Even stranger than verb tenses,English grammar also contains something very confusing.For example,I don，t remember how many times my middle school teacher tried to〃impose〃the differences between used to and be used to on us.Sometimes he would go on with the explanation for20minutes or so.He even summarized the differences by listing three or four points for us to memorize.However,they could never stay in my head.I don，t remember how many times I got it wrong with the sentences containing used to or be used to on my exams.I was really confused with these two phrases, and I can never get them right.In brief,I'm allergic to learning English grammar.Curiously,I just wonder if the native speakers of English have a microcomputer in their brain to help them utter the two phrases promptly with just a click of their brain mouse!⑴人们普遍认为英语是一种世界语言，经常被许多不以英语为第一语言的国家使用。

Period 1 Reading Comprehension课程学习目标1.阅读课文,明白克隆的历史及动物克隆的过程。

2.学会分析课文中的长难句,归纳文章的主旨,并能理解语篇中的重要细节。

知识体系梳理重点句式1.The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging.2.Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill.3.Although at present human egg cells and embryos needed for cloning research are difficult to obtain...4.However, scientists still wonder whether cloning will help or harm us and where it is leading us.阅读理解探究Ⅰ.Fast reading:Read the passage fast and then answer the following questions.1.What do you think the passage is about?2.Find out the main idea of each part.3.What are the problems or dangers of cloning?4.What does the word “it” in the sentence “It became controversial (Line 20)” refer to?(2 words)5.Which sentence has the similar meaning to the following sentence in the text?It was an inspiring fact that Dolly the sheep appeared to develop normally.Ⅱ.Careful reading:Read the following statements and decide whether they are true (T) or false (F).()1.Cloning means making a copy of an animal or a plant.()2.Gardeners can make a lot of money by cloning plants.()3.Cloning plants is as complicated as cloning animals.()4.Dolly the sheep was the first successful clone of a mammal.()5.Natural clones happen in both animals and plants.Ⅲ.Post reading:Fill in the following chart with only one word for each blank.Topic CLONING: WHERE IS IT LEADING US?What is cloning◆A way of making an 1.copy of another animal or plantApplication ◆e it to produce commercial quantities of plants◆It is 3.for research on new plant species and for medical research on animalsThe first successful case of cloning ◆Scientists made a 4.in 1996 when the first cloning Dolly the sheep was given birth to,which appeared to develop 5.at first but fellter.The sheep lived7.the length of the life of the original sheep,which raised a storm of8.Divided voices ◆Cloning can be used to 9.serious illnesses and even to produce human beings◆The health of the cloned animals may be a major difficulty for all cloned animals.And it remains to be seen whether cloning will help or and where it is leading us重点句式探究1.The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging.她看上去发育正常,这个事实非常令人鼓舞。

Part 1 Reading Comprehension (Multiple Choice)(每小题：1 分)Directions: Read the following passages carefully and choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the same passage or dialog. Language is a way to communicate with each other. We started to learn language when we were born. However, people are used to speaking their native language, so immigrants are having many problems between the first generation and the second generation because they don't have the same native language. Also, the second generation is losing their identity. Especially in America, there are many immigrants that came from different countries to succeed in the States. Because they suffer in lots of areas such as getting a job and trying to speak English, they want their children to speak English, not only at school, but also at home in order to be more successful. Because of this situation, their children are losing their ethnic identity and, even more, they are ignoring their parents whose English is not very good.I think most immigrants are trying to preserve their native language in their new country, but this doesn't help very much in getting a good job. My aunt didn't teach Korean to her children in order to help them succeed in the US; she did so, hopefully, to help them establish a Korean identity. Though the second generation is born in the new country, they often get confused about their identity. My cousins told me that when they visited Korea a few years ago, they felt different from other Koreans. They could even feel it just strolling around the street because they wore different clothes.We must realize that language is important and valuable for many reasons. Immigrants should make an effort not to be ignored by their children and to make their children understand their heritage by teaching them the parents' language. This is important in helping the second generation establish their identity.答案D C D A D1.Which people are having trouble with language?A. Natives.B. People of the 2nd generation.C. People when born.D. Immigrants.2.Why are children ignoring their parents?A. Children have lost their identity.B. Parents cause children to suffer.C. They speak different languages.D. They have different job levels.3.The author's aunt taught Korean ________.A. so she could preserve her languageB. so she would have a job in AmericaC. to help children succeed in their new countryD. to help children keep their Korean identity4.The author's cousins felt ________.A. they were not similar to people in KoreaB. they could not get a job in AmericaC. it was all right to look and feel differentD. it was important to keep their identity5. A proper title for this passage is ________.A. The Identity of the Second GenerationB. Korean Problems in AmericaC. Learning a New Language in the USD. Keeping Your Culture in a New LandQuestions 6 to 10 are based on the same passage or dialog. Two similar-sounding English words caused trouble for a man who wanted to fly from Los Angeles to Oakland, California. His problems began at the airport in Los Angeles. He thought he heard his flight announced, so he walked to the gate, showed his ticket, and got on the plane. After flying for twenty minutes, the man began to worry. Oakland was north of Los Angeles, but the plane seemed to be heading west, and when he looked out his window all he could see was ocean. "Is this plane going to Oakland?" he asked the flight attendant (服务员). The flight attendant was shocked. "No," she said. "We're going to Auckland-Auckland, New Zealand."English is not the only language with similar-sounding words. Other languages, too, have words that can cause mistakes, especially for foreigners.Auckland and Oakland. When similar-sounding words cause a mistake, probably the best thing to do is just laugh and learn from it. Of course, sometimes it's hard to laugh. The man who traveled to Auckland instead of Oakland didn't feel like laughing. But even that mistake turned out all right in the end. The airline (航空公司) paid for the man's hotel room and meals in New Zealand and for his flight back to California. "Oh well," the man later said, "I always wanted to see New Zealand."答案D B C A D6.The main topic of this passage is ________.A. mistakes made by people in airportsB. troubles experienced by foreigners in a new countryC. difficulties had by people when taking a planeD. problems caused by words that sound alike7.She told him the plane would arrive in ________.A. OaklandB. AucklandC. Los AngelesD. California8.The man realized something was wrong when ________.A. he landed in Oakland, CaliforniaB. he saw that the flight attendant was shockedC. he noticed the direction of the planeD. he walked up to the gate9.The sentence "Oh well, I always wanted to see New Zealand."reflects ________.A. the man's sense of humorB. the man's frustrationC. the man's disappointmentD. the man's despair10.According to the passage one proper way to deal with amistake caused by similar-sounding words is ________.A. to have a sharp earB. to learn a good pronunciationC. to speak clearly and slowlyD. to laugh and learn from itQuestions 11 to 15 are based on the same passage or dialog.Yinlan looked at the people sitting around the table and smiled withsatisfaction. Everyone in her family was there—her children, her grandchildren, and her new great-grandson, just one month old. Her whole family had come to celebrate the Harvest Moon Festival (节日).Two days after the Harvest Moon Festival, Yinlan died peacefully in her sleep. Her family was sad but at the same time grateful. They felt happy that they had been able to celebrate the Harvest Moon Festival with her one last time. Everyone said it was remarkable that Yinlan had died just two days after the holiday.Actually, the timing of Yinlan's death was not remarkable at all. Recently sociologists (社会学家) studied the death rate among elderly Chinese women in California. They discovered that the death rate drops 35 percent before the Harvest Moon Festival and then rises 35 percent. Sociologists believe that these changes in death rate show the mind's power over the body. The Harvest Moon Festival, when families gather, is important to elderly Chinese women. Apparently some women are able to postpone (推延) their deaths so that they can celebrate the festival one last time.The idea that people can postpone the time of their deaths is not new. Many families tell stories of a relative who held on to life until after an important event. The stories people tell, however, are just that: stories. They are not proof that people can postpone their deaths. The sociologists' work is important because the sociologists studied facts, not stories. The facts—the drop and rise in death rates—prove that people really can postpone their deaths. 答案D D D C B11.When did Yilan die?A. During the Harvest Moon Festival.B. Before going to sleep.C. Just before the Harvest Moon Festival.D. A couple days after the Harvest Moon Festival.12.The writer tells us the story of Yilan to let us know that_________.A. the Harvest Moon Festival is important to elderly Chinese womenB. Chinese families get together to enjoy the Harvest MoonFestivalC. families are often sad during the Harvest Moon FestivalD. people may be able to put off death for an important event13.Where did the study take place?A. China.B. Yilan's home.C. Festival grounds.D. California.14.What does the author describe as "not new"?A. The work of sociologists.B. Proof of postponing death.C. The Harvest Moon Festival.D. Stories of putting off death.15.What provides us with proof?A. The stories of family members.B. The numbers showing death rates.C. The important events.D. The postponing of death.Questions 16 to 20 are based on the same passage or dialog. Summer is the ideal time of year for one of my favorite outdoor activities, hiking (徒步旅行). It is much more than just a great workout. You get to be outside of the confines of a gym and betogether with nature. You breathe in the fresh, clean air while the city life you endured all week just fades away. You are suddenly transported somewhere else. You are suddenly in a place where you can appreciate the untouched, simplistic beauty of nature. The trees are green, the wild flowers are growing and the woods are filled with activity. Once you experience it, you're hooked.Whether hiking in the deserts of Arizona or the mountains of Alberta, you suddenly realize you are not alone and there is something much bigger at work. There is a realization that life is precious and you think deeply about your life.Another wonderful part of hiking is that you can participate at any level and it is, for the most part, free. It is a great way to escape the rat race, even during the week. If you have any problems you need to solve, hiking is really good for clearing your head and removing stress.If hiking sounds intimidating to you, it is essentially walking on a whole new level. Experts have spoken about the benefits of walking for years. Walking doesn't stress your legs as much as running and countless studies agree walking leads to weight loss and better health. It is good for your heart, reduces illness and has even been shown to enhance your thinking. So why wouldn't you want to do it? 答案D C B D A16.What makes hiking different from other forms of exercise?A. It is a great workout.B. It is a summertime activity.C. It is an activity that slows breathing.D. It is an exercise that is done outside.17.What disappears for someone who is hiking?A. Green trees.B. Beautiful nature.C. City life.D. Precious things.18.Once you take up hiking in nature as something you do, you________.A. feel much bigger than beforeB. love it and want to do it oftenC. wish you lived outside of the cityD. look for new hiking places, like Arizona19.How do you feel after you've begun hiking?A. Intimidated.B. Thoughtful.C. Lonely.D. Free from stress.20.How is running different than walking?A. Running is harder on the legs.B. Running is better for weight loss.C. Running is good for a person's heart.D. Running is a cause for improved thinking.Questions 21 to 25 are based on the same passage or dialog.Another example of the dangers of a restricted diet may be seen in the disease known as "beri-beri" (脚气病), which used to affect large numbers of Eastern peoples who lived mainly on rice. In the early years of the 20th century, a Dutch scientist named Eijkman was trying to discover the cause of beri-beri. At first he thought it was transmitted (传送) by a germ (细菌). He was working in aJapanese hospital, where the patients were fed on rice which had had the external husk (壳) removed from the grain, called "white rice." It was thought this would be easier for weak, sick people to digest.Eijkman thought his germ theory was confirmed when he noticed the chickens in the hospital yard, which were fed on scraps (碎片) from the patients' plates, were also showing signs of the disease. He then tried to isolate the germ he thought was causing the disease, but his experiments were interrupted by a hospital official, who ruled that the huskless polished rice was too good for chickens. The chickens should be fed cheap rice with the external covering still on the grain, called "brown rice."Eijkman noticed that the chickens began to recover on the new diet. He began to consider the possibility that eating brown rice somehow prevented or cured beri-beri—even that a lack of some ingredient in the husk might be the cause of the disease. Indeed this was the case. The element needed to prevent beri-beri was shortly afterwards isolated from rice husks and is now known as Vitamin B. The white rice, though more expensive, was keeping alive the disease the hospital was trying to cure.答案C B D B A21.From the context, what do you think the author mentions inthe paragraph that is just before this first paragraph?A. One example of the importance of vitamins.B. One example of the benefits of eating healthy foods.C. One example of the dangers of a restricted diet.D. One example of the benefits of various vitamins.22.The disease "beri-beri" ________.A. kills large numbers of Western peoplesB. is a vitamin deficiency diseaseC. is transmitted by diseased riceD. can be caught from diseased chickens23.The chickens Eijkman noticed in the hospital yard ________.A. couldn't digest the huskless riceB. proved beri-beri is transmitted by germsC. were later cooked for the patients' foodD. were suffering from vitamin deficiency24.Huskless, white rice ________.A. was cheaper than brown riceB. was less beneficial to the body than brown riceC. was more beneficial to the body than brown riceD. cured beri-beri25.The ingredient missing from white rice ________.A. was Vitamin BB. did not affect the chickensC. was named the Eijkman vitaminD. has never been accurately identified。

新编大学英语2答案Unit 1Part TwoReading Comprehension1. Understanding the Structure of the passagepara.1-4 c para.5-7 a para.8-11 b para.12-13 d2. 1) They would stare at them.2) He felt embarrassed/ ashamed3) He never let on.4) He usually walked there with the help of his son5) He was pulled on a child's sleigh to the subway station6) He like basketball, dances, and parties7) He asked them to sit down and fight with him.8) He was proud of his son9) He missed him very much and was sorry for what he had thought about him.10) He learned to have a good heart from his father.3. 1) C 2) A 3) C 4) B 5) D 6) A 7) B 8) C 9) D 10) A4. Understanding Reference Words.1) the difficulty in coordination the steps2) whether a person has a good heart3) a good heart4) the baseball team5) sat down to fight6) what the son has achieved7) sensed8) the reluctance to walk with himVocabulary1. 1) urged 2) halted 3) bother 4) embarrassed 5) adjusted 6) complain7) kid 8) engage 9) subject 10) saw to it that 11) coordinate 12) participate 2. Word-Buildingpatient - patience enter - entrancebitter - bitterness complain -complaintfortunate - fortune envy - enviousknowledge - knowledgeable memory -memorablereluctance - reluctant frustrate - frustration1) bitter 2) fortunate 3) patience 4) memorable 5) reluctant6) entrance 7) complaints 8) envious 9) knowledgeable 10) frustration Translation1. He walks slowly because of his bad leg.2. He came to the meeting despite his serious illness.3. He saw to it that the same mistake didn't happen again.4. Now that they've got to know each other a little better, the get along just fine.5. Then I found myself surrounded by half a dozen boys.6. I send you my best wishes on this happy occasion.Unit 2Part TwoReading Comprehension1. Understanding the Main Idea of the Passage1) different 2) problems 3) communication 4) translator 5) trust6) acceptance 7) exaggerate 8) superlatives 9) metaphors 10) generalizations 11) unsupportive 12) literally 13) rethink 14) translate2. Understanding Specific Information1) F 2) T 3) F 4) T 5) T 6) F 7) T 8) T 9) T 10) TVocabulary1. 1) mess 2) repeat 3) mislead 4) intends 5) tend6) exaggerates 7) frustrating 8) misinterpreted 9) acceptance 10) trust2. STEP ONE1) f 2) c 3) a 4) k 5) I 6) e 7) h 8) j 9) g 10) b 11) dSTEP TWO1) conveyed/ conveyed 2) assistance 3) encounter 4) conflict5) emphasis 6) reacted 7) recognize 8) manner9) assumed/assume 10) emerged/emerges 11) ignore3. 1) out 2) on 3) with 4) of 5) In 6) in 7) to 8) on 9) At 10) ofTranslation1. I went to the dentist yesterday to have a bad/decayed tooth pulled out.2. The development of things depends fundamentally on internal causes.3. All roads lead to Rome.4. I meant/intended to give you that book today, but I forgot to bring it with me.5. I was on the verge of accepting his advice.6. Divorce is not a matter you can afford to take lightly.Unit 3Part TwoReading Comprehension1. Understanding the Organization of the Text1) Introduction (para.1)Each person has the potential to win in his own way.2) The meaning of "winner" and "loser" (para.2)A winter is one who responds genuinely by being trustworthy and responsive.A loser is one who fails to respond genuinely.3) Few people are winners and losers all the time.(para.3)4) Winners (para. 4-7)Characteristics of a winner:A. A winter is genuine.B. A winner is not afraid to do his own thinking and to use his own knowledge.C. A winner is flexible.D. A winner has a love for life.E. A winner cares about the world and its people.5) Losers (para. 8-10)Possible causes: Poor nutrition, cruelty, unhappy relationship, disease, continuing disappointments, and inadequate physical care.Characteristics of a loser:A. A loser lacks an ability to appropriately express himself through a full range of possible behavior.B. A loser has difficulty giv ing and receiving love.2. Understanding Specific Information1) C 2) D 3) A 4) B 5) CVocabulary1.1) appreciateA. 感激B. 欣赏，赏识2 ) capacityA. 容量，容积，容纳力B. 能力，力量，才能3) channelA. 频道B. 把---导向，引导，集中4) contributeA. 捐献，捐赠，贡献出B. 有助于，促成5) flex ibleA. 有弹性的，柔韧的B. 灵活的，可变通的6) guiltA. 罪，罪行B. 内疚，自责，悔恨7) potentialA. adj. 潜在的，可能的B. n. 潜力，潜能8) rigidA. 硬的，不易弯曲的B. 严格的，刻板的2．achieve---achievement expect---expectationdepend---dependence limit---limitation/limitcruel---cruelty unique-uniquenessgenuine---genuineness respond-responseaware---awareness disappoint---disappointmentcapable---capability behave-behavior1) expectation 2) limitations 3) capability 4) achievement 5) response6) awareness 7) behavior 8) disappointment 9) cruelty 10) dependence3. 1) entered into 2) channeled ---into 3) holds/held back4) unaware of 5) separates---from 6) referred to ---as7) lived up to 8) calls for 9) contributes to 10) sees/ saw ---as Translation1. Lack of confidence contributed to his failure.2. She has shown great courage in the face of her serious illness.3. We came to the conclusion that she was telling the truth.4. His secretary failed to tell him about the meeting.5. Learning languages isn't just a matter of memorizing words.6. Once she has made her decision, no one can hold her back.7. It'll be difficult to live up to the standards set by our captain.8. The scientist referred to this discovery as the most exciting new development in this field.Part FourWRITING AND TRANSLAYION2. Translation Practice1) Failure is the mother of success.2) Any man who is afraid of failure will/can never win.3) Success means that you enjoy/love and are good at doing what you are doing now.4) One who is eager to win will not necessarily win quickly.5) A successful person doesn't ask for things from others. On the contrary/ Instead, he will ask himself: " What can I leave to this world?"6) A real winner is someone who makes the greatest contributions to the society, not the one who is the richest, or the most famous.Unit 4Part TwoReading Comprehension1. Understanding the Organization of the Text1) Introduction (para.1-2)The term placebo is introduced: when it is prescribed and what it is.2) The study of the placebo (para.3-7)i) The placebo works because the human mind fools itself.ii)The placebo makes the wish to get better become reality.iii)The doctor70 percent or the peopleonly 25 percent of the people3) seasickness, coughs, colds, pain after an operationnothing at allThe first group showed no changes from the way old people in that v illage had always been.a placeboThe second group had much better health and a lower death rate.a real drug which was intended to help with the problems of old age.The third group showed much the same results as the group that took the placebo.4) if the placebo can have bad effects it should never be used.2. Understanding Specific Information1) Yes 2) No 3) Maybe 4) Yes 5) Yes 6) No 7) Yes 8) MaybeVocabulary1. 1) A. a substance used for treating illness, especially a liquid you drinkB. the treatment and study of illness and injuries2) A. an act of firing a gunB. an injection of a drug3) A. the part of a spacecraft in which astronauts live and workB. a plastic container shaped like a very small tube with medicine inside4) A. become whole and sound, return to healthB. cause to become mentally or emotionally strong again after a bad experience5) A. a particular way of behaving towards someone or of dealing with them.B. a method that is intended to cure an injury or illness.6) A. the process of cutting into someone's body to repair or remove a part that is damagedB. the process of making a machine or system work7) A. a person or their particular problem that a doctor is dealing withB. a situation that exists, especially as it affects a particular person or group8) A. make someone think that a particular thing is true; indicateB. tell someone your ideas about what they should do, where they should go, etc.2. 1) a 2) e 3) f 4) d 5) g 6) h 7) c 8) bTranslation1) All I can say is that we are extremely sorry.2) In many cases regulations alone will not work.3) He is highly likely to succeed because of his intelligence and diligence.4) She stared at me as if I were a stranger.5) It is reported that three people were injured in the traffic accident yesterday.6) I feel angry at the way he (has) treated me.7) The patient is much the same this morning as he was yesterday.8) I'd like to stay (at) home this evening rather than go out.Unit 5Part TwoReading Comprehension1. Understanding the Organization of the TextI. Introduction: Questions concerning dreams have puzzled human beings. (para.1)II. Dreaming and sleeping (para.2-3)i) When does dreaming occur?When we are in REM sleep.ii) What are the main purposes of sleeping?To give us rest and to allow us to dream.III. Possible causes of dreams (para.4-6)i) Physiological.Example: Sleeping with one's feet too close to a heater may cause one to dream of walking on hot coals.ii) Reflection of inner fears.Example: Worrying about losing one's job may cause one to dream of losing one's job.IV Dreaming interpretation (para.7-9)i) The earliest dream dictionary included symbols such as drinking wine to indicate a short life and drinking water to indicate a long life.ii) Artemidorus' dictionary includes symbols such as right hand (father), left hand (mother) and dolphin (a good omen).iii) Most experts warn that dream interpretations should be treated with care.2 Understanding Specific Information1) T 2) T 3) T 4)T 5) F 6) T 7) T 8) T 9) F 10) F Vocabulary1 1) explanation 2) enthusiasts 3)frustrating 4)popularity 5) unconscious 6) electrical 7) movements 8) recognizable 9) interpretation 10) countless2 T ask A1) asleep 2) sleepless 3) sleep 4) sleepy 5) asleep 6) slept 7) sleeping, sleep 8) sleeper T ask B1) submerged: (cause to) go below the surface of the sea, river or lake （使）浸没，淹没2) subculture: the behavior, practices, etc. associated with a group within a society亚文化3) submarine: a special type of ship which can travel under water潜水艇4) subway: (BrE) a path for people to walk under a road or railway地下通道; (AmE) a railway that runs under the ground地铁5) subzero: (of temperatures) below zero零度以下的6) Subtropical: related to an area near to a tropical area, or typical of that area副热带的，亚热带的7) subspecies: a subdivision of a species（物种的）亚种8) subnormal: below an average or expected standard, especially of intelligence低于正常的3. 1) progressed 2) puzzled 3) process 4) reflected 5) predict 6) advances7) symbol 8) ancient 9) error 10) conscious 11) analysis 12) inner Translation1 You will see that what I am saying now will come true.2 The lecture was so boring that half (of) the students fell asleep.3 The problem of unemployment is tied up with the development of new technology.4 His appearance has changed so much that you may well not recognize him.5 The castle dates back to the 14th century.6 She has never done anything for them, whereas they have done everything they can for him.Unit 6Part OnePREPARATION1. Check Your VocabularyFoodDrinkVegetableFruitMeatCerealOtherscabbage, beet,carrot, lettuce, eggplant, bean, pea, onion, garlic, pepper, spinach, cucumber, tomato, potato, turnip, celery, mushroom, broccoli, mushroom, cauliflower, beansprout, pumpkin, wax gourd, asparagus, snow pea, etc.apple, pear, fig, peach, grape, persimmon, pineapple, apricot, banana, plum, plum, mango, orange, watermelon, lemon, cherry, grapefruit, strawberry, lychee/litchi, papaya, coconut, star fruit, honeydew melon, cantaloupe, kiwi fruit, etc.pork, beef, lamb, mutton, bacon, chicken, duck, turkey, etc.rice, oat, wheat, maize/corn, millet, barley, noodles, rice cake, dumpling, spaghetti, steamed bread/roll, pan cake, pizza, etc.egg, bean curd, cake, cookie, biscuit, cracker, nut, fish, shrimp, lobster, crab, clam, etc. tea, coffee, Cock, rum, Pepsi, wine, Seven-up, Sprite, beer, whiskey, brandy, milk, juice, soda water, lemonade, mineral water, etc.2. How Much Do You Know About Food?1）ABCCB 6)ACBCAPart TwoReading Comprehension1. Finding Food T aboosT abooReasoncow1）Cows can help people plow the fields.2）Cow manure can be used as fertilizer.3）Cow manure can be dried and burned to make a cooking fire.dog1）Dogs can be as companions for people.2）Dogs serve as protection against thieves.pork1）Pork cooked insufficiently may spread disease.2）Nomadic people did not want to stay in one place to raise pigs.2. Understanding the Details1）nutrition，religion，the ways of life of different people2）butterflies，rats，termites3）calories，protein4）there is plenty of land for raising cattle and the meat can be shipped for long distances by railway road5）they can go anywhere they want to in the streets；they can eat anything from the supplies of the food sellers in the streetsVocabulary1. 1) common 2) appropriate 3) forbidden 4) supplies 5) related6) evidence 7) requires 8) raise 9) spread 10) sufficiently2. 1) disgusting 2) habit 3) insects 4) reasonable 5) relatively6) animals 7) harvested 8) grow 9) nearly 10) other11) altogether 12) consumed 13) avoided 14) popular 15) offers16) served 17) would 18) enjoyed 19) considered 20) reject3. 1) g 2) f 3) b 4) c 5) h 6) e 7) I 8) d 9) a 10) jTranslation1. We regard him as one of the best players in the game.2. The scientist picked up those little pieces of rock and carefully put them into a box.3. The population of China is almost five times as large as that of the United States.4. The reason why grass is green was once a mystery to the little boy.5. She was standing by the window, apparently quite calm and relaxed.6. Profits have declined as a result of the recent drop in sales.7. She put on dark glasses as a protection against the strong light.8. He could no longer be trusted after that incident.Part ThreeFURTHER DEVELOPMENT1 Jokes and Riddles About FoodStep one1) Pear. 2) Mushroom.2 Food Proverbs1) d: Half a loaf is better than none.有一点总比没有好。

Reading ComprehensionPassage 1Horners is a familiar name on the UK’s high streets, operating from 32 department stores situated either in prime city center locations or out of town retail parks. Although some competitors have successfully branched out into gourmet (美食) ready-to-eat foods or experimented with financial services, Horners has chosen to specialize in the clothing, accessories and home product markets. By offering a range of competitively-priced merchandise of a high standard to its customers Horners has become one of the country’s favorite department stores.Over recent years there has been a steady decline in the number of UK department stores which do not belong to a chain. On the other hand, the top three national department store groups account for an increasing proportion of the department store market. This clearly reflects their ability to make a success of this retailing format in the UK. Horners is a market leader within this group, differentiating itself from its main competitors as a large space clothing-led retailer offering its own, as well as international brands.The creation of an attractive selling environment is one of the most important aspects of successful retailing. Horners has devoted a significant amount of management time to providing an appealing, highly visual and effective environment which makes shopping there a pleasure. Exciting and creative merchandise stands provide each section with a clearly distinguishable look, and these are frequently updated in all stores.Department stores can appeal to people of all age groups, from teenagers to money conscious pensioners（领取抚恤金者）, but they are particularly popular with the 30-50 age category. Consumers here are generally in the higher income groups and are more demanding in terms of the quality of service they expect. This age group is expected to account for an increasing proportion of the overall population over the next decade. By the year 2001, this age group is projected to grow by five times as much as the total population.We aim to give our customers the widest possible product choice, and we have been highly successful in developing our own brands, which now account for almost 50 per cent of sales. We have also recently commissioned a number of leading designers, who are designing additional clothing, accessories and home furnishing lines to suit our customer profile.1.What is Horners best famous for?A.Providing quality and value for money.B.Locating all their stores in retail parks.C.Introducing new banking services.D.Offering a variety of pre-cooked meals.2.Independent department stores have found it difficult to ______.A.become part of a chainpete in this retail sectorC.occupy large space premises（房屋）D.supply international goods3.Horners realizes the need to ______.A.regularly modernize in-store displaysB.appeal to customers of all ageC.always provide a relaxed atmosphereD.encourage creativity amongst staff4.Who are the typical department store customers?A.Retired people with little money.B.Well-off people of all age.C.High income young people.D.Mature people with good salaries.5.Horners’ contract with leading designers aims to ______.A.emphasize value for moneyB.change the customers profileC.increase the product rangeD.develop own-label goods答案: A B C D CPassage 2People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of questions. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from one another, and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory. The controversy is often referred to as “nature / nurture”.Two who support the “nature”side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behaviors patterns are largely determined by biological and genetic factors. That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics, and behavior is predetermined to such a degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts.Proponents of the “nurture” theory, or as they are often called, behaviorists, claimed that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorist, B. F. Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. The behaviorists’view of the human being is quite mechanistic; they maintain that, like machines, humans respond to environmental stimuli as basis of their behavior.Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes. That the controversy will continue for a long time is certain.6.Which of the following statements would supporters of the “nature” theory agree with?A. A person’s instincts have little effect on his actions.B.Environment is important in determining a person’s behavior and personality.C.Biological reasons have a strong influence on how we act.D.The behaviorists’ view correctly explains how we act.7.Which of the following statements would proponents of the “nurture” theory agree with?A.Environment has little to do with behavior.B.Behaviorist theory is not correct.C.Biologically based instincts are important in how we act.D. A person’s character is greatly influenced by his environment.8. B. F Skinner ______.A.supports the nature theoryB.thinks the environment plays an important role in determining characterC.believes instincts govern behaviorD.believes in the importance of genes in determining personality9.Concerning the nature / nurture controversy, the writer of this article ______.A.supports the nature theoryB.supports the nurture theoryC.believes both are completely wrongD.thinks that the correct explanation of human behavior will take ideas from boththeories10.In the U. S., black people often score below white people on intelligence tests. With this inmind, which one of the following statements is NOT true?A.Nature proponents would say that whites are genetically superior to blacks.B.Nurture proponents would disagree that blacks are biologically inferior to whites.C.Supporters of the nature theory would say that whites score well because they have asuperior environment.D.Behaviorists would say that blacks often lack the educational and environmentaladvantages that whites enjoy.答案: C D B D C。

Exercise 1Read the passage and then fill in the boxes with information from the passage.When you go to a dinner party, you are advised to arrive on time or a few minutes late. To bring a bottle of wine or a bunch of flowers is also recommended. If it is a potluck dinner, you can also take an item of your own. In the course of eating, it is polite to say how much you enjoy the food. As your hosts will not usually offer a third helping as Chinese people usually do, be sure to accept a second helping if you are not full and like the food. To write and post a Thank-You card to the hostess a few days later is often considered good manners.答案：Exercise 2Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow it.Father’s Day has a very short history. It was started because there was a Mother’s Day. And just because some Americans thought that if we had a Mother’s Day, we should also have a Father’s Day. Father’s Day has become important in North America. And shopkeepers found it was a good way to get people to buy presents for their fathers, presents from their shops.By the way, very fe w countries have a Father’s Day, though some have Children’s Day, or a special day for boys and another for girls. More and more countries are having Mother’s Day, so maybe Father’s Day will also become popular before too long. Now, what do people in North America do on Father’s Day? The newspapers, radios, and TV tell children what they should do —buy a Father’s Day present for your father. They even tell a wife to buy a Father’s Day present — not for her father but for her husband, even if he is not yet a father. And they tell grandchildren to buy a Father’s Day present for their grandfathers.The important thing to remember about Father’s Day is that American children can show their love to their fathers in a more open way.1. Father’s Day was started _______.A. before Mother’s DayB. after Mother’s DayC. by fathersD. by shopkeepers2. Which of the following is NOT true?A. Father’s Day is important in the United States.B. Father’s Day is observed in many countries.C. Father’s Day has a long history.D. Father’s Day will become popular.3. On Father’s Day, people buy presents for _______.A. fathersB. husbandsC. grandfathersD. all of the above4. According to the passage, Father’s Day is an occasion for children ________.A. to gatherB. to show loveC. to buy thingsD. to have big dinners5. It can be inferred from the passage that _______.A. mothers don’t like Father’s DayB. Father’s Day is observed only in AmericaC. children are not happy on Father’s DayD. shopkeepers expe ct to earn money on Father’s Day答案：1. Father’s Day was started _______.A. before Mother’s DayB. after Mother’s DayC. by fathersD. by shopkeepers2. Which of the following is NOT true?A. Father’s Day is important in the United States.B. Father’s Day is observed in many countries.C. Father’s Day has a long history.D. Father’s Day will become popular.3. On Father’s Day, people buy presents for _______.A. fathersB. husbandsC. grandfathersD. all of the above4. According to the p assage, Father’s Day is an occasion for children ________.A. to gatherB. to show loveC. to buy thingsD. to have big dinners5. It can be inferred from the passage that _______.A. mothers don’t like Father’s DayB. Father’s Day is observed only in AmericaC. children are not happy on Father’s DayD. shopkeepers expect to earn money on Father’s Day。

大学英语A Test 1Reading ComprehensionPassage OneWhat makes one person more intelligent than another? What makes one person a genius, like the brilliant Albert Einstein, and another person a fool? Are people born intelligent or stupid, or is intelligence the result of where and how you live? These are very old questions and the answers to them are still not clear.We know, however, that just being born with a good mind is not enough. In some ways, the mind is like a leg or an arm muscle. It needs exercise. Mental (done with the mind) exercise is particularly important for young children. Many child psychologists think that parents should play with their children more often, and give them problems to think about. The children are then more likely to grow up bright and intelligent. If, on the other hand, children are left alone a great deal with nothing to do, they are more likely to become dull and unintelligent.Parents should also be careful what they say to young children. According to some psychologists, if parents are always telling a child that he or she is a fool or an idiot, then the child is more likely to keep doing silly and foolish things. So it is probably better for parents to say very positive things to their children, such as "That was a very clever thing you did" or "You are such a smart child".1. The words "intelligent" and "brilliant" in the first paragraph mean ______ while "dull" in the second paragraph means ______.A. bright and splendid...slow in thinking and understandingB. pretty and handsome...ordinary-lookingC. great and monD. hopeful and helpful...careless答案：A2. According to the context we can guess that a genius is ______ while an idiot is ______.A. a normal person...a funny personB. a strong person...a weak personC. a highly intelligent person...a foolish or weak-minded personD. a famous person...an ordinary person答案：C3. A person ______ is more likely to become a genius.A. whose parents are cleverB. who often thinks about difficult problemsC. who are often helped by his parents and teachersD. who are born with a good brain and putting it to active use答案：D4. It is better for parents ______.A. to praise and encourage their children more oftenB. to be hard on their childrenC. to leave their children along with nothing to doD. to give their children as much help as possible答案：A5. Which of the following is NOT true according to the article?A. Parents play an important part in their children's growth.B. The less you use your mind the duller you may become.C. Intelligence is obviously the result of where and how you live.D. Parents should always encourage their children.答案：CPassage TwoIf you have recently started collecting stamps, or are thinking about starting, you may be wondering if the hobby is expensive. Can you enjoy it with limited money? What if you have no money at all for the hobby? The answer is an absolute positive one.Not all collections consist mainly of unused stamps that you buy in the post office. Used stamps are worth saving, have value, and they may cost you nothing. In fact, many stamp collectors save only used stamps!The first place to search for stamps, then, is your own mailbox. You can ask people who write to you to use commemorative (纪念性的) stamps on their mail. Also, if you write away for offers that require a self-addressed stamps envelope, you can put commemoratives on your return envelopes, knowing that they will come back to you later. Neighbors, friends, and relatives are another good source of stamps. A majority of people is only too happy to save the stamps on their mail for someone who will appreciate them. You may even know someone who works in an office that gets a lot of mail. Many businesses get a lot of foreign mail and regularly throw away stamps that may have interest or value to a collector. And don't forget to ask your parents if they have any old letters which may still have stamps on the envelopes.Now that you have stamps on paper, what do you do with them? The most common way to get stamps off paper is to soak them in water, then dry them on paper. To understand more about soaking stamps, it is best to find a handbook on stamp collecting at the library.Stamp clubs are another place to get stamps. A club may offer stamps as prizes, or have inexpensive stamps you can afford to buy. If you don't have a stamp club around you, try to start one with a few others. All it takes are four or five other stamp collectors who are interested in getting together to learn about and trade stamps and ideas. Obtaining a pen pal (笔友) in another country is a very good way to get stamps from that country. His or her extra stamps may seem really common in that country, but over here they are much scarcer.1. Which of the following has the closest meaning to the underlined word "positive" in Paragraph 1?A. certainB. interestingC. impossibleD. clear答案：A2. Which of the following is true?A. Collecting stamps is a bad hobby.B. Collecting stamps is a hobby for rich people.C. Used stamps are all worth collecting.D. Collecting used stamps can save your money.答案：D3. The writer suggests that you should ______.A. ask your friends to write to you as often as possibleB. ask your friends to write to each other as often as possibleC. tell your pen pals to write to you as often as possibleD. get used stamps from all kinds of people you know答案：D4. To soak used stamps in water is the best way to ______.A. get rid of the printB. make the stamps cleanC. get stamps off paperD. increase the value of the stamps答案：C5. If you are a member of a stamp club, you can ______.A. become rich by collecting stampsB. have a meeting every dayC. get more stamps without anythingD. exchange stamps with the other members答案：D二、词汇与语法1. I don't think his remarks are relevant ________ our discussion.A. toB. atC. forD. with答案：A2. As the work became more familiar, his _______ toward school changed from dislike to great enthusiasm.A. positionB. attitudeC. mannerD. action答案：B3. That poorly dressed old man felt quite ________ at such a big party attended by many important figures.A. in the wayB. out of the wayC. out of placeD. in place答案：C4. The Chinese food ______ good.A. are tastedB. tastesC. is tastedD. taste答案：B5. You should give the application to the man ______ at that chair.A. sitsB. to sitC. satD. sitting答案：D6. You'd better tell him what to do next as soon as he _______ back.A. comeB. cameC. is comingD. comes答案：D7. They are willing to care for the _____ and disabled.A. oldestB. elderC. olderD. elderly答案：D8. Scarcely had the car stopped ________ the cell phone began to ring.A. thanB. whenC. afterD. before答案：B9. They found the conditions there ________.A. much improveB. much to improveC. much improvedD. be much improved答案：C10. On hearing the news of _____the examination, the boy was very happy.A. his having passedB. he passedC. his being passedD. to pass答案：A三、完型填空In every cultivated language there are two great classes of words which, taken together, comprise the whole vocabulary. First, there are those words 1 which we become acquainted in daily conversation, which we learn, that is to say, from the 2 of our own family and from our familiar associates, and which we should know and use 3 we could not read or write. They concern the common things of life, and are the stock in trade (惯用手段) of all who 4__ the language. Such words may be called "popular", since they belong to the people 5 and are not the exclusive right of a limited class.6 , our language comprises a multitude of words which are comparatively seldom used in ordinary conversation. Their meanings7 to every educated person, but there is little necessity to use them at home or in the market-place. Our first8 with them comes not from our mother's lips or from the talk of our school-mates, but from books that we read, lectures that we listen to, or the more formal conversation of9 educated speakers who are discussing some particular topic in a style appropriately elevated above the habitual level of everyday life. Such words are called "learned", and the 10 between them and "popular" words is of great importance to a right understanding of linguistic process.1. A. at B. by C. with D. through答案：C2. A. members B. relatives C. mates D. fellows答案：A3. A. despite B. even if C. since D. as well as答案：B4. A. say B. apply C. practice D. speak答案：D5. A. at least B. at most C. at large D. at best答案：C6. A. As a matter of fact B. In shortC. In generalD. On the other hand答案：D7. A. know B. are known C. are knowing D. knowing答案：B8. A. encounter B. approach C. acquaintance D. experience答案：C9. A. highly B. deeply C. greatly D. mainly答案：A10. A. contradiction B. discrepancy C. similarity D. distinction答案：D四、汉译英1. 是信息技术使大众教育成为可能。

新版⽜津⾼中英语必修⼆Unit1Behindthescenes学案精编新版⽜津⾼中英语必修第⼆册Unit 1 Lights，camera, action!Reading Behind the scenes 学案精编打印版Part 1 Reading comprehension1. The author begins the passage with several questions in the first paragraph for the purpose of _______.A. emphasizing there is more to learn about a film besides these common aspects.B. testing the readers about what they care about most when seeing a movieC. keeping the readers informed of the hard work behind the scenesD. showing the hard work behind the scenes is as easy to notice2. From Para.2, we know that _________.A. sound effects doesn’t call for any skills to produceB. sound effects are taken from the real circumstancesC. sound effects are not added to the film after shootingD. the sound of doors opening is always made by pulling a paper3. The author uses the example of the Quidditch scenes to show ________.A. that visual special effects can only be made with the help of computersB. that green matches any natural hair or skin colour in the studioC. how important it is for actors to jump and down in the studioD. how visual special effects are made with the help of a green screen4. What can we learn from Para.4?A. The model of the Titanic was bit smaller.B. A film’s success also comes from the exact props.C. It took the director 100 days to find information about the Titanic.D. It was not long before the director had the prop of the ship built.Part 2 Complete the summary of the passageBesides the familiar ___1____(aspect) that contribute to a film’s ___2____(successful), things ___3____the scenes tend to be neglected. Sound effects, some of which may be made ___4____(creative), often follow the ____5___(shoot) of a scene. Special effects are also of great ___6____(important), thanks to the aid ___7_____ computers or creative___8____(approach). Furthermore, props also make great ___9____(contribute). But in order to make a film real, great efforts are a must.Hopefully, next time you see a film, you can give these aspects a ___10____(think).Part 3 Word study1. type / ta?p/ n.类型；种类vi.& vt. 打字I've already seen a few movies of this type.我已经看过⼏部这种类型的影⽚了。

Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section AOne principle of taxation, called the benefits principle, states that people should pay taxes based on the benefits they receive from government services. This principle tries to make public goods similar to 36 goods. It seems reasonable that a person who often goes to the movies pays more in 37 for movie tickets than a person who rarely goes. And 38, a person who gets great benefit from a public good should pay more for it than a person who gets little benefit.The gasoline tax, for instance, is sometimes 39 using the benefits principle. In some states, 40 from the gasoline tax are used to build and maintain roads. Because those who buy gasoline are the same people who use the roads, the gasoline tax might be viewed as a 41 way to pay for this government service.The benefits principle can also be used to argue that wealthy citizens should pay higher taxes than poorer ones, 42 because the wealthy benefit more from public services. Consider, for example, the benefits of police protection from 43. Citizens with much to protect get greater benefit from police than those with less to protect. Therefore, according to the benefits principle, the wealthy should 44 more than the poor to the cost of 45 the police force. The same argument can be used for many other public services, such as fire protection, national defense, and the court system.A) adaptB) contributeC) exertingD) expensesE) fairF) justifiedG) maintainingH) privateI) providedJ) revenuesK) similarlyL) simplyM) theftN) totalO) wealthSection BGrowing Up ColoredA) You wouldn’t know Piedmont anymore—my Piedmont, I mean—the town in West Virginia where I learned to be a colored boy.B) The 1950s in Piedmont was a time to remember, or at least to me. People were always proud to be from Piedmont—lying at the foot of a mountain, on the banks of the mighty Potomac. We knew God gave America no more beautiful location. I never knew colored people anywhere who were crazier about mountains and water, flowers and trees, fishing and hunting. For as long as anyone could remember, we could outhunt, outshoot, and outswim the white boys in the valley.C) The social structure of Piedmont was something we knew like the back of our hands. It was an immigrant town; white Piedmont was Italian and Irish, with a handful of wealthy WASPs （盎格鲁撒克逊裔的白人新教徒）on East Hampshire Street, and “ethnic” neighborhoods of working-class people everywhere else, colored and white.D) For as long as anyone can remember, Piedmont’s character has been completely bound up with the Westvaco paper mill: its prosperous past and doubtful future. At first glance, the town is a typical dying mill center. Many once beautiful buildings stand empty, evidencing a bygone time of spirit and pride. The big houses on East Hampshire Street are no longer proud, as they were when I was a kid.E) Like the Italians and the Irish, most of the colored people migrated to Piedmont at the turn of the 20th century to work at the paper mill, which opened in 1888. All the colored men at the paper mill worked on “the platform” —loading paper into trucks until the craft unions were finally integrated in 1968. Loading is what Daddy did every working day of his life. That’s what almost every colored grown-up I knew did.F) Colored people lived in three neighborhoods that were clearly separated. Welcome to the Colored Zone, a large stretched banner could have said. And it felt good in there, like walking around your house in bare feet and underwear, or snoring（打鼾）right out loud on the couch in front of the TV—enveloped by the comforts of home, the warmth of those you love.G) Of course, the colored world was not so much a neighborhood as a condition of existence. And though our own world was seemingly self-contained, it impacted on the white world of Piedmont in almost every direction. Certainly, the borders of our world seemed to be impacted on when some white man or woman showed up where he or she did not belong, such as at the black Legion Hall. Our space was violated when one of them showed up at a dance or a party. The rhythms would be off. The music would sound not quite right. Everybody would leave early.H) Before 1955, most white people were just shadowy presences in our world, vague figures of power like remote bosses at the mill or clerks at the bank. There were exceptions, of course, the white people who wouldcome into our world in routine, everyday ways we all understood. Mr. Mail Man, Mr. Insurance Man, Mr.White-and-Chocolate Milk Man, Mr. Landlord Man, Mr. Police Man: we called white people by their trade, like characters in a mystery play. Mr. Insurance Man would come by every other week to collect payments on college or death policies, sometimes 50 cents or less.I) “It’s no disgrace to be col ored," the black entertainer Bert Williams famously observed early in the century, “but it is awfully inconvenient.” For most of my childhood, we couldn’t eat in restaurants or sleep in hotels, we couldn’t use certain bathrooms or try on clothes in stores. Mama insisted that we dress up when we went to shop. She was carefully dressed when she went to clothing stores, and wore white pads called shields under her arms so her dress or blouse would show no sweat. "We’d like to try this on," she’d say carefully, uttering her words precisely and properly. “We don't buy clothes we can't try on," she'd say when they declined, and we'd walk out in Mama's dignified（有尊严的）manner. She preferred to shop where we had an account and where everyone knew who she was.J) At the Cut-Rate Drug Store, no one colored was allowed to sit down at the counter or tables, with one exception: my father. I don’t know for certain why Carl Dadisman, the owner, wouldn’t stop Daddy from sitting down. But I believe it was in part because Daddy was so light-colored, and in part because, during his shift at the phone company, he picked up orders for food and coffee for the operators. Colored people were supposed to stand at the counter, get their food to go, and leave. Even when Young Doc Bess would set up the basketball team with free Cokes after one of many victories, the colored players had to stand around and drink out of paper cups while the white players and cheerleaders sat down in comfortable chairs and drank out of glasses.K) I couldn’t have been much older than five or six as I sat with my father at the Cut-Rate one afternoon, enjoying ice cream. Mr. Wilson, a stony-faced Irishman, walked by. “Hello, Mr. Wilson,” my father said.“Hello, George.”L) I was genuinely puzzled. Mr. Wilson must have confused my father with somebody else, but who? There weren’t any Georges among the colored people in Piedmont. “Why don’t you tell him your name, Daddy?” I asked loudly. “Your name isn’t George.”“He knows my name, boy," my father said after a long pause. “He calls all colored people George.”M) I knew we wouldn’t talk about it again; even at that age, I was given to understand that there were some subjects it didn’t do to worry to death about. Now that I have children, I realize that what dist ressed my father wasn’t so much the Mr. Wilsons of the world as the painful obligation to explain the racial facts of life to someone who hadn’t quite learned them yet. Maybe Mr. Wilson couldn’t hurt my father by calling him George; but I hurt him by asking to know why.46. The author felt as a boy that his life in a separated neighborhood was casual and cozy.47. There is every sign of decline at the paper mill now.48. One reason the author’s father could sit and eat at the drug store was that he didn’t look that dark.49. Piedmont was a town of immigrants from different parts of the world.50. In spite of the awful inconveniences caused by racial prejudice, the author’s family managed to live alife of dignity.51. The author later realized he had caused great distress to his father by asking why he was wrongly addressed.52. The author took pride in being from Piedmont because of its natural beauty.53. Colored people called white people by the business they did.54. Colored people who lived in Piedmont did heavy manual jobs at the paper mill.55. The colored people felt uneasy at the presence of the whites in their neighborhoods.Section CPassage OneChildren are a delight. They are our future. But sadly, hiring someone to take care of them while you go to work is getting more expensive by the year.Earlier this month, it was reported that the cost of enrolling an infant or small kid at a childcare center rose 3% in 2012, faster than the overall cost of living. There are now large strips of the country where daycare for an infant costs more than a tenth of the average married couple’s income.This is not necessarily a new trend, but it is a somewhat puzzling one. The price of professional childcare has been rising since the 1980s. Yet during that time, pay for professional childcare workers has stood still. Actually caregivers make less today, in real terms, than they did in 1990. Considering that labor costs are responsible for up to 80% of a daycare center’s expenses, one would expect flat wages to have meant flat prices.So who’s to blame for higher childcare costs?Childcare is a carefully regulated industry. States lay down rules about how many children each employee is allowed to watch over, the space care centers need per child, and other minute details. And the stricter the regulations, the higher the costs. If it has to hire a caregiver for every two children, it can’t really achieve any economies of scale on labor to save money when other expenses go up. In Massachusetts, where childcare centers must hire one teacher for every three infants, the price of care averaged more than $16,000 per year. In Mississippi, where centers must hire one teacher for every five infants, the price of care averaged less than $5,000.Unfortunately, I d on’t have all the daycare-center regulations handy. But I wouldn’t be surprised if as the rules have become more elaborate, prices have risen. The tradeoff（交换）might be worth it in some cases; after all, the health and safety of children should probably come before cheap service. But certainly, it doesn’t seem to be an accident that some of the cheapest daycare available is in the least regulated South.56. What problem do parents of small kids have to face?A) The ever-rising childcare prices.B) The budgeting of family expenses.C) The balance between work and family.D) The selection of a good daycare center.57. What does the author feel puzzled about?A) Why the prices of childcare vary greatly from state to state.B) Why increased childcare prices have not led to better service.C) Why childcare workers，pay has not increased with the rising childcare costs.D) Why there is a severe shortage of childcare professionals in a number of states.58. What prevents childcare centers from saving money?A) Steady increase in labor costs.B) Strict government regulations.C) Lack of support from the state.D) High administrative expenses.59. Why is the average cost of childcare in Mississippi much lower than in Massachusetts?A) The overall quality of service is not as good.B) Payments for caregivers there are not as high.C) Living expenses there are comparatively low.D) Each teacher is allowed to care for more kids.60. What is the author’s view on daycare service?A) Caregivers should receive regular professional training.B) Less elaborate rules about childcare might lower costs.C) It is crucial to strike a balance between quality and costs.D) It is better for different states to learn from each other.Passage TwoAlex Pang’s amusing new book The Distraction Addiction addresses those of us w ho feel panic without a cellphone or computer. And that, he claims, is pretty much all of us. When we're not online, where we spend four months annually, we're engaged in the stressful work of trying to get online.The Distraction Addiction is not framed as a self-help book. It’s a thoughtful examination of the dangers of our computing overdose and a historical overview of how technological advances change consciousness. A "professional futurist," Pang urges an approach which he calls “contemplative（沉思的）co mputing.” He asks that you pay full attention to “how your mind and body interact with computers and how your attention and creativity are influenced by technology.”Pang’s first job is to free you from the common misconception that doing two things at on ce allows you to get more done. What is commonly called multitasking is, in fact, switch-tasking, and its harmful effects on productivity are well documented. Pang doesn’t advocate returning to a pre-Internet world. Instead, he asks you to “take a more eco logical（生态的）view of your relationships with technologies and look for ways—devices or media may be making specific tasks easier or faster but at the same time making your work and life harder.”The Distraction Addiction is particularly fascinating on how technologies have changed certain fields of labor—often for the worse. For architects, computer-aided design has become essential but in some ways has cheapened the design process. As one architect puts it, “Architecture is first and foremost about thinkin g...and drawing is a more productive way of thinking” than computer-aided design. Somewhat less amusing are Pang’s solutions for kicking the Internet habit. He recommends the usual behavior-modification approaches, familiar to anyone who has completed a quit-smoking program. Keep logs to study your online profile and decide what you can knock out, download a program like Freedom that locks you out of your browser, or take a "digital Sabbath（安息日）": "Unless you’re a reporter or emergency-department doctor, you’ll discover that your world doesn’t fall apart when you go offline."61. Alex Pang’s new book is aimed for readers who___________.A) find their work online too stressfulB) go online mainly for entertainmentC) are fearful about using the cellphone or computerD) can hardly tear themselves away from the Internet62. What does Alex Pang try to do in his new book?A) Offer advice on how to use the Internet effectively.B) Warn people of the possible dangers of Internet use.C) Predict the trend of future technological development.D) Examine the influence of technology on the human mind.63. What is the common view on multitasking?A) It enables people to work more efficiently.B) It is in a way quite similar to switch-tasking.C) It makes people’s work and life even harder.D) It distracts people’s attention from useful work.64. What does the author think of computer-aided design?A) It considerably cuts down the cost of building design.B) It somewhat restrains architects’ productive thinking.C) It is indispensable in architects’ work process.D) It can free architects from laborious drawing.65. What is Alex Pang’s recommendation for Internet users?A) They use the Internet as little as possible.B) They keep a record of their computer use time.C) They exercise self-control over their time online.D) They entertain themselves online on off-days only.Translation (30 minutes)大熊猫（giant panda）是一种温顺的动物，长着独特的黑白皮毛。

Passage 1Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:Televison, or TV, the modern wonder of electronics, brings the world into your own home in sight and sound. The name television comes from the Greek word tele, meaning “far”,and the Latin word videre, meaning “to see”. Thus, television means “seeing far”. Sometimes television is referred to as video, from a Latin word meaning “I see”. In Great Britain, the popular word for television is “telly”.Television works in much the same way as radio. In radio, sound is changed in to electromagnetic waves which are sent through the air. In TV, both sound and light are changed into electromagnetic waves. Experiments leading to modern television took place more than a hundred years ago. By the 1920s, inventors and researchers had turned the early theories into working models. Yet it took another thirty years for TV to become an industry.As an industry, TV provides jobs for hundreds of thousands who make TV sets and broadcasting equipment. It also provides work for actors, technicians, and others who put on programs.Many large schools and universities have “closed—circuit” television equipment that will telecast lectures and demonstrations to hundreds of students in different classrooms; and the lecture can be video taped to be kept for later use. Some hospitals use TV to allow medical students to get close-up view of operations.In 1946, after World War II, TV began to burst upon the American scene with a speed unforeseen even by the most optimistic leaders of the industry. The novelty of seeing TV pictures in the home caught the publics fancy and began a revolution in the world of entertainment. By 1950, television had grown into a major part of show business. Many film and stage stars began to perform on TV as television audiences increased. Stations that once telecast for only a few hours a day sometimes telecast around the clock in the 1960s.1. “… others who put on programs. ”means that ____.A) people get on their clothes with programs printed onB) people prepare and present the programs on TVC) people like the programsD) people acted in the TV programs2. “… to allow medical students to get close up view of operations ” suggests ____A) the students can have view of operations with enlarged detailsB) the students can operate through TVC) the students were allowed to learn operationsD) TV is being used by students3. “… TV began to burst upon the American, …” indicates that ____.A) in 1946 TV sets exploded in American familiesB) TV may injure peopleC) TV suddenly became available to many American familiesD) TV was very popular in 19464. “ TV pictures in the home caught the public s fancy, …” tells us ____.A) TV pictures are better than moviesB) TV pictures can be seen at homeC) TV pictures can hurt people s eyesD) TV pictures had aroused people s interests5. “… sometimes telecast around the clock in the 1960s. ” means ____.A) TV telecast used to have a round clockB) people watch TV with around clock nearbyC) TV telecast 24 hours a day in the 1960sD) TV was on show everydayPassage 2Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:It is 3A.M. Everything on the university campus seems ghostlike in the quiet, misty darkness - everything except the computer center. Here, twenty students rumpled and bleary-eyed, sit transfixed at their consoles, tapping away on the terminal keys. With eyes glued to the video screen, they tap on for hours. For the rest of the world, it might be the middle of the night, but here time does not exist. This is a world unto itself. These young computer ""hackers"" are pursuing a kind of compulsion, a drive so consuming it overshadows nearly every other part of their lives and forms the focal point of their existence. They are compulsive computer programmers. Some of these students have been at the console for thirty hours or more without a break for meals or sleep. Some have fallen asleep on sofas and lounge chairs in the computer center, trying to catch a few winks but loathe to get too far away from their beloved machines.Most of these students don''t have to be at the computer center in the middle of the night. They aren''t working on assignments. They are there because they want to be - they are irresistibly drawn there..And they are not alone. There are hackers at computer centers all across the country. In their extreme form, they focus on nothing else. They flunk out of school and lose contact with friends; they might have difficulty finding jobs, choosing instead to wander from one computer center to another. They may even forgo personal hygiene."I remember one hacker. We literally had to carry him off his chair to feed him and put him to sleep. We really feared for his health,"" says a computer science professor at MIT.Computer science teachers are now more aware of the implications of this hacker phenomenon and are on the lookout for potential hackers an d cases of computer addiction that are already severe. They know that the case of the hackers is not just the story of one person''s relationship with a machine. It is the story of a society''s relationship to the so-calle d thinking machines, which are becoming almost ubiquitous.6. We can learn from the passage that those at the computer center in the middle of the night are ____.A. students working on a programB. students using computers to amuse themselvesC. hard-working computer science majorsD. students deeply fascinated by the computer7. Which of the following is NOT true of those young computer ""hackers""?A. Most of them are top students majoring in computer programming.B. For them, computer programming is the sole purpose for their life.C. They can stay with the computer at the center for nearly three days on end.D. Their ""love"" for the computer is so deep that they want to be near their machines even when they sleep.8. It can be reasonably inferred from the passage that ____.A. the ""hacker"" phenomenon exists only at university computer centersB. university computer centers are open to almost everyoneC. university computer centers are expecting outstanding programmers out of the ""hackers""D. the ""hacker"" phenomenon is partly attributable to the deficiency of the computer centers.9. The author''s attitude towards the ""hacker"" phenomenon can be described as ____.A. affirmativeB. contemptuousC. anxiousD. disgusted10. Which of the following may be a most appropriate title for the passage?A. The Charm of Computer ScienceB. A New Type of Electronic ToysC. Compulsive Computer ProgrammersD. Computer AddictsPassage 3Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:The United States is full of automobiles. There are still many families without cars, but somefamilies have two or even more. However, cars are used for more than pleasure. They arenecessary part of life.Cars are used for business. They are driven to offices and factories by workers who have noother way to get to their jobs. When salesmen are sent to different parts of the city, they have todrive in order to carry their products. Farmers have to drive into the city in order to get supplies. Sometimes small children must be driven to school. In some cities school buses are used onlywhen children live more than a mile from the school. When the children are too young to walkthat far, their mothers take turns driving them to school. One mother drives on Mondays, takingher own children and neighbors' children as well. Another drives on Tuesdays, another on Wednesdays, and so on. This is called forming a car pool. Men also form car pools, with three orfour men taking turns driving to the place where they all work.More car pools should be formed in order to put fewer automobiles on the road and to use less gasoline. Parking is a great problem, and so is the traffic in and around cities. Too many cars arebeing driven. Something will have to be done about the use of cars.11. Many families in the U.S. own cars because ________.A) cars are a source of pleasure for themB) they need a car to form a car poolC) they live more than a mile away from the schoolD) cars form necessary part in their life12. Which of the following groups is NOT mentioned though they certainly drive cars?A) Office workers.B) Police and mail carriers.C) Salesmen and farmers.D) Factory workers.13. Paragraph 3 suggests that in the United States ________.A) children have to walk to schoolB) school buses take all the children to schoolC) mothers drive children to schoolD) families usually live within a mile from the school14. "A car pool" most probably means ________.A) a number of people sharing the use of a carB) a place for parking carsC) a group of tourists driving alternativelyD) a place for learning to drive15. What is the author's advice about the use of cars?A) To provide larger parking spaces.B) To build better roads.C) To produce fewer automobiles.D) To form more car pools.Passage 4Question 16 to 20 are based on the following passage:Recent fires have destroyed much of Indonesian forests and pose the latest threat to the survival of the endangered orangutans（红毛猿）. Thirty orangutans fleeing their burning forest home have been killed by villagers, who see the animals as crop raiders. Orangutan mothers have been killed so that their young can be captured and sold into the illegal wildlife pet trade. Orangutan experts continue to receive orangutan infants whose mothers have been killed while searching for food in plantations and fields.The fires, caused by drought and coupled with fire-setting methods to clear forests, have destroyed more than two million acres. When fire gets into the rainforests' layer of dry peat (partly decayed plant material which covers the soil), it can burn slowly off and on for months or years after the original fire. These fires continue until heavy rainfall soaks the peat through and through. Orangutans once numbered in the hundreds of thousands, but their population has dropped to roughly 25 000 due to fire, the destruction of forests from felling trees for timber and agriculture, and losses linked to the live-animal trade. Before the fires, only 40 percent of the orangutans' original habitat remained, and now, their habitat has become even smaller.16. What can be the best title for this passage?A) Fires Drive Orangutans to Danger.B) Orangutans Are Precious Animals.C) Fires in Indonesia Keep on Flaming.D) Orangutans Endanger the Crops of Indonesia.17. Which of the following is true about villagers?A) They set fire in order to kill orangutans for food.B) They are ignorant of wild life pets trade.C) They dislike orangutans because they destroy crops.D) They continue to receive orangutans infants.18. According to this passage, fires in Indonesia ________.A) will not end until it starts to rainB) will be eventually put out by human effortC) will die out when the winds stop blowingD) will only stop when the peat is totally wet19. Some people buy orangutans because ________.A) they want to save orangutansB) they want to keep orangutans as petsC) they want to build new homes for orangutansD) they want to take care of orangutan infants20. Which of the following is NOT a reason for the decreasing of orangutans in Indonesia?A) The forests have been burned to make land for agriculture.B) Most of orangutans' forests have been destroyed.C) Mother orangutans have been caught and sold in pet-animal market.D) Trees have been cut down for human profits.。