Oracle Architectural Components

介绍殷墟博物馆的英语作文初一The Yin Xu Museum: A Window into China's Glorious PastNestled in the heart of Henan Province, the Yin Xu Museum stands as a testament to the grandeur and cultural richness of the Shang Dynasty, one of the earliest and most influential civilizations in Chinese history. This remarkable institution, dedicated to the archaeological site of Yin Xu, the last capital of the Shang Dynasty, offers visitors an unparalleled opportunity to delve into the mysteries and marvels of this ancient kingdom.As you step through the museum's doors, you are immediately transported back in time, surrounded by the tangible remnants of a civilization that flourished over 3,000 years ago. The Yin Xu Museum boasts an impressive collection of artifacts, ranging from exquisite bronzes and jade carvings to intricate oracle bones and ceremonial vessels, all of which provide a captivating glimpse into the daily lives and rituals of the Shang people.One of the museum's most captivating exhibits is the Ruins of the Shang Dynasty Capital, a vast archaeological site that has been meticulously preserved and presented for visitors to explore. Here,you can wander through the remains of the royal palace, the royal cemetery, and the sacrificial pits, each offering a tantalizing glimpse into the power and sophistication of the Shang Dynasty.The palace ruins, in particular, are a true highlight of the museum experience. Visitors can marvel at the grand scale and intricate architectural features of these ancient structures, which were once the seat of Shang Dynasty power. The attention to detail and the sheer grandeur of these ruins are a testament to the engineering prowess and cultural sophistication of the Shang people.Another captivating aspect of the Yin Xu Museum is its extensive collection of bronze artifacts. The Shang Dynasty was renowned for its mastery of bronze casting, and the museum's collection showcases the extraordinary skill and artistry of Shang craftsmen. From ceremonial vessels and ritual implements to intricate sculptures and decorative objects, these bronze masterpieces are a true feast for the eyes.Visitors can also delve into the world of Shang religion and divination through the museum's impressive collection of oracle bones. These inscribed animal bones and turtle shells were used by Shang priests to communicate with the divine and foretell the future, and they offer a unique window into the spiritual beliefs and practices of this ancient civilization.Beyond the impressive collection of artifacts, the Yin Xu Museum also features innovative multimedia exhibits that bring the Shang Dynasty to life. Interactive displays, virtual reconstructions, and immersive multimedia experiences allow visitors to engage with the past in a truly dynamic and engaging way.One particularly noteworthy exhibit is the Virtual Reality Experience, which transports visitors to the heart of the Shang capital, allowing them to explore the royal palace, witness ceremonial rituals, and even interact with virtual Shang Dynasty figures. This cutting-edge technology not only enhances the museum experience but also serves as a powerful educational tool, helping to bridge the gap between the past and the present.The Yin Xu Museum is not just a repository of ancient artifacts but also a hub of cultural and educational activities. The museum regularly hosts lectures, workshops, and cultural performances, providing visitors with a deeper understanding of Shang Dynasty history and the enduring legacy of this remarkable civilization.One of the most popular events at the museum is the annual Shang Dynasty Cultural Festival, which celebrates the rich cultural traditions of the Shang people through music, dance, and traditional crafts. Visitors can immerse themselves in the sights, sounds, and flavors ofthe Shang Dynasty, gaining a truly holistic appreciation for this ancient civilization.In conclusion, the Yin Xu Museum is a truly remarkable institution that offers visitors a captivating and enlightening journey into the heart of China's glorious past. From the awe-inspiring ruins of the Shang capital to the breathtaking collection of ancient artifacts, this museum is a must-visit destination for anyone interested in the rich cultural heritage of China. Whether you are a history enthusiast, an art lover, or simply someone curious about the past, the Yin Xu Museum is sure to leave a lasting impression and inspire a deeper appreciation for the enduring legacy of the Shang Dynasty.。

挤出成型英语Extrusion Molding: A Versatile Manufacturing ProcessExtrusion molding is a widely used manufacturing process that has become an integral part of modern industrial production. This technique involves the continuous shaping of raw materials, such as plastics, metals, ceramics, or composites, into a desired cross-sectional profile. The process is characterized by its efficiency, versatility, and ability to produce a wide range of products, from simple tubes and pipes to complex architectural elements and automotive parts.At the heart of the extrusion process is a machinery known as an extruder. This machine consists of a hopper, a barrel, and a screw or ram that drives the material through the barrel. The raw material, in the form of pellets, powders, or liquids, is fed into the hopper and then transported through the barrel by the rotating screw or the linear motion of the ram. As the material moves through the barrel, it is subjected to a combination of heat and pressure, which softens or melts the material, allowing it to be forced through a die at the end of the barrel.The die is the key component that gives the extruded product its desired shape. The die can be designed to create a wide variety of cross-sectional profiles, such as circular, rectangular, or even more complex shapes. The extruded material is then cooled, either by air or water, to solidify the shape and maintain its structural integrity.One of the primary advantages of extrusion molding is its ability to produce parts with a consistent and uniform cross-section. This is particularly important in applications where precise dimensional control is required, such as in the production of pipes, window frames, or electrical conduits. Additionally, extrusion molding is a highly efficient process, as it can produce large quantities of parts with minimal waste and at a relatively low cost.Another significant advantage of extrusion molding is its versatility. This process can be used to manufacture a wide range of products, from simple plastic bags to complex composite materials used in the aerospace industry. The choice of raw material is also diverse, with plastics, metals, ceramics, and even food products being commonly extruded.In the field of plastics, extrusion molding has become a dominant manufacturing technique. Thermoplastic materials, such as polyethylene, polypropylene, and PVC, are extensively used in extrusion processes to create a variety of products, including pipes,sheets, films, and profiles. The ability to continuously extrude these materials makes the process highly efficient and cost-effective, contributing to its widespread adoption in the plastics industry.Beyond plastics, extrusion molding is also used in the production of metal and ceramic products. In the metal industry, extrusion is used to create a wide range of shapes, from simple rods and tubes to complex architectural elements and automotive components. The process is particularly useful for shaping hard-to-machine materials, such as aluminum and titanium. In the ceramic industry, extrusion is used to produce bricks, tiles, and other structural components, taking advantage of the material's ability to be shaped and formed under high pressure and temperature.Extrusion molding also plays a crucial role in the development of composite materials. These materials, which combine two or more distinct components, can be extruded to create products with enhanced mechanical, thermal, or electrical properties. The continuous nature of the extrusion process allows for the uniform blending and shaping of these composite materials, making it an essential technique in the production of advanced engineering materials.As technology advances, the extrusion molding process continues to evolve, with improvements in machinery, die design, and processcontrol. These advancements have led to the development of specialized extrusion techniques, such as co-extrusion, which allows for the simultaneous production of multiple layers or materials within a single extruded product. Additionally, the integration of computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) technologies has further enhanced the precision and efficiency of extrusion molding, enabling the production of increasingly complex and customized parts.In conclusion, extrusion molding is a versatile and efficient manufacturing process that has become indispensable in a wide range of industries. Its ability to continuously shape raw materials into a variety of cross-sectional profiles, coupled with its cost-effectiveness and scalability, has made it a dominant force in the production of a diverse array of products, from everyday consumer goods to high-performance engineering components. As the demand for innovative and customized products continues to grow, the importance of extrusion molding in the manufacturing landscape is poised to remain strong for years to come.。

你怎样去西安历史博物馆英语作文My Exciting Trip to the Shaanxi History MuseumLast weekend, my family and I went on a super fun trip to the Shaanxi History Museum in Xi'an! Xi'an is an ancient city in China with a really long and fascinating history. The museum had so many cool exhibits about the different dynasties that ruled over the area thousands of years ago. I learned all sorts of amazing things!We started our visit by watching a short movie that gave an overview of Xi'an's history from its beginnings as the capital of the Zhou Dynasty in 1046 BC. The movie was in a special theater with a huge curved screen that made you feel like you were really there. The images were unbelievably realistic and vibrant. I was in awe from the very beginning!After the movie, we headed into the main exhibition halls. The first hall we visited was all about the Western Zhou Dynasty which ruled from about 1046 BC to 771 BC. There were displays of beautiful bronze wares, pottery, jade carvings, and oracle bone inscriptions. I had never seen real oracle bones up close before! They had etched marks on them that were used fordivination rituals way back then. So cool to see something so ancient.Next up was the Qin Dynasty section. This is where the famous Terracotta Warriors were on display. Of course, I had learned all about them in school, but seeing the actual life-size warrior figures up close was just mind-blowing. Each one had a unique facial expression and details like hair and clothing. It was eerie but amazing to think they were created over 2,200 years ago to guard the emperor's tomb. The museum also had two incredible bronze chariots from that era that blew me away. The level of craftsmanship was spectacular.One of my very favorite parts was the exhibit on the Han Dynasty. This was when China was first referred to as "The Middle Kingdom" and really flourished culturally and economically. There were stunning examples of Han pottery, including the famous Xing bronzes with their unique shimmery blue-green glaze. But the most spectacular item was a massive model of the Mawangdui tombs, where they found incredibly well-preserved artifacts from nobles buried around 100 BC. The museum recreated some of the eerie scenes from inside the tombs, including a noblewoman's body with her skin and clothing intact. Spooky but amazing!After the Han Dynasty, we moved on to galleries showcasing the arts and cultural achievements from later dynasties like the Tang, Song, Yuan, and Ming. I was dazzled by all the exquisite calligraphy, paintings, sculptures, furniture, and decorative arts on display. My favorites were the vibrant Tang dynasty tri-color glazed horses and the elaborate blue-and-white Ming porcelain vases. Every item was a masterpiece.One part that surprised me was the exhibit on ancient life in the Shaanxi region. There were recreations of prehistoric villages, showing how people lived by hunting, farming, and making primitive tools. It was wild to see the progression of human settlement and civilization over thousands of years. I didn't realize just how advanced the Chinese culture was, even in ancient times.Towards the end of our museum visit, we explored some outdoor exhibits showcasing ancient architecture. There were full-scale reconstructions of tombs, temples, pagodas, and even an entire Han palace! Walking through the palace grounds made me feel like a noble from that era. The ancient craftspeople were masters of design, sculpture, brickwork, and landscaping. Every architectural element was a work of art.After several amazing hours taking in all the displays, my brain was just overloaded with newfound knowledge about China's rich cultural heritage. I had no idea how advanced and sophisticated the ancient Chinese civilizations were. The artistic accomplishments, technological innovations, and profound philosophies of those early dynasties laid the groundwork for China as we know it today. I left the museum with such profound respect and appreciation for my ancestors' achievements over the millennia.Xi'an and the Shaanxi History Museum were a treasure trove of ancient wonders that opened my eyes to the long, glorious history of my homeland. I'm so grateful my parents took me on this incredible journey into the past. China has every reason to be proud of its civilization's pivotal role in our shared human story. I'll remember the mind-blowing sites I witnessed for the rest of my life. If you ever get the chance to visit this museum, you absolutely must go! It's an experience like no other.。

NORSOK英文版内容C-Civil and ArchitectC-001 Living Quarter.pdfC-002 Architectural Components and Equipment.pdfC-004 Helicopter deck.pdfE-DrillingD-001 Drilling Facilities.pdfD-002 System requirements well intervention equipment .pdfD-007-SR Well testing system.pdfD-010Well integrity in drilling and well operations (Rev. 3, August 2004).pdfE-ElectricalE-001-Data_Sheets.zipE-001Electrical systems (Rev. 4, Mar. 2001).pdfE-002 Adjustable Speed AC Motor Drives (Rev. 3, Mar. 2001).pdfE-002-Data_Sheets.zipG-GeotechnologyG-001 Marine soil investigations (Rev. 2, October 2004).pdfH-HVACH-001 HVAC (Heating, ventilation and air conditioning) (Rev. 4, Nov. 2001).pdfH-002-CR Piping and plumbing (Rev. 1, Jan. 1996).pdfI-InstrumentationI-001 Field instrumentation (Rev. 3, Apr. 2000).pdfI-001-Data_Sheets.zipI-002 Safety and automation systems (SAS) (Rev. 2, May. 2001).pdfI-MeteringI-104 Fiscal measurement systems for hydrocarbon gas (Rev. 2, June 1998).pdf I-105 Fiscal measurement systems for hydrocarbon liquid (Rev. 2, June 1998).pdf I-SCD-System Control DiagramI-005 System control diagram (Rev. 2, April 2005).pdfJ-Marine OperationJ-003 Marine operations (Rev. 2, Aug. 1997).pdfL-Piping and LayoutL-001 Piping and Valves (Rev. 3, Sept 1999)L-002 Piping design, layout and stress analysis (Rev. 2, Sept. 1997).pdfL-003-CR Piping details (Rev. 1, Jan. 1996).pdfL-004-CR Piping fabrication, installation, flushing and testing (Rev. 1, Jan. 1996).pdf L-005 Compact flanged connections (Rev. 1, Sept. 2003).pdfM-MaterialM-001 Materials selection (Rev. 4, August 2004).pdfM-101 Structural steel fabrication (Rev. 4, Dec. 2000).pdfM-102 Structural aluminium fabrication (Rev. 1, Sept. 1997).pdfM-120 Material data sheets for structural steel (Rev. 4, June 2004).pdfM-121 Aluminium structural material (Rev. 1, Sept. 1997).pdfM-122 Cast structural steel (Rev. 1, June 2003).pdfM-123 Forged structural steel (Rev. 1, June 2003).pdfM-501 Surface preparation and protective coating (Rev. 5, June 2004).pdfM-503 Cathodic protection (Rev. 2, Sept. 1997).pdfM-506 CO2 corrosion rate calculation model (Rev. 2, June 2005).pdfM-601 Welding and inspection of piping (Rev. 4, July 2004).pdfM-622 Fabrication and installation of GRP piping systems (Rev 1 April 2005).pdfM-630 Material data sheets for piping (Rev. 4, January 2004).pdfM-650 Qualification of manufacturers of special materials (Rev. 3, April 2004).pdfM-701-CR Materials for well completion equipment (Rev. 1, Dec. 1994).pdfM-702 Drill String Components (Rev. 2, June. 1999).pdfM-703-CR Casing and tubing materials (Rev. 1, Jan. 1996).pdfM-710 Qualification of non-metallic sealing materials and ..., (Rev. 2, Oct. 2001).pdf M-506r2_IFE_06-2005.xlsM-650r3_Annex_C_empty.docM-120_MDS_Data_Sheets.zipN-StructuralN-001 Structural design (Rev. 4, February 2004).pdfN-002 Collection of metocean data (Rev. 1, Sept. 1997).pdfN-003 Actions and action effects (Rev 1, Feb. 1999).pdfN-004 Design of steel structures (Rev. 2, October 2004).pdfN-005 Condition monitoring of loadbearing structures (Rev. 1, Dec. 1997).pdf O-OperationO-CR-001 Life cycle cost for systems and equipment (Rev. 1, April 1996).pdf O-CR-002 Life cycle cost for production facility (Rev. 1, April 1996).pdfO-DP-001 Operational principles.pdfO-CR-001r1-Lcc.xlsO-CR-001r1-Lcc-calc.xlsO-CR-002r1-Facility.xlsP-ProcessP-001 Process Design (Rev 4, Oct. 1999).pdfP-100 Process systems (Rev. 2, Nov. 2001).pdfP-100-Annex_A1.docR-Lifting EquipmentR-002-CR Lifting equipment (Rev. 1, Jan. 1995).pdfR-003 Safe use of lifting equipment (Rev. 2, July 2004).pdfR-CR-002r1-Data_Sheets.zipR-MechnicalR-001 Mechanical equipment (Rev. 3, Nov. 1997).pdfR-001-Data_sheets.zipR-004 Piping and equipment insulation (Draft for Rev. 3, June 2005).pdfR-004 Piping and Equipment Insulation (Rev 2, June 1999).pdfR-100 Mechanical equipment selection (Rev. 2, Nov. 1997).pdfS-Satefy(SHE)S-001 Technical Safety (Rev. 3, Jan. 2000).pdfS-002 Working environment (Rev. 4, August 2004).pdfS-003 Environmental Care (Rev 2, May 1999).pdfS-005 Machinery- working enviroment analyses and documentation (Rev.1, March 1999).pdfS-006 HSE evaluation of contractors (Rev. 2, December 2003).pdfS-011 Safety Equiptment Data Sheets (Rev 2, Aug. 1999).pdfS-012 Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) in construction-related activities (Rev. 2, Aug. 2002). pdfS-001-Data_Sheet.xlsS-002_-_SDS05001.xlsS-011-Data_Sheets.zipT-TelecommunicationT-001Telecom systems (Rev. 3, December 2003).pdfT-003 Telecommunication and IT systems for drilling (Rev. 2, November 2004).pdfT-100 Telecom subsystems (Rev. 3, January 2004).pdfU-SubseaU-001 Subsea Production Systems (Rev. 3, Oct. 2002).pdfU-Underwater OperationU-100 Manned Underwater Operations (Rev. 1, Aug. 1999).pdfU-101 Diving Respiratory Equipment (Rev. 1, Aug 1999).pdfU-102 Remotely operated vehicle (ROV) services (Rev. 1, October 2003).pdfWF- Well fluidsY-PipelinesY-001 Subsea pipelines (Rev. 1, Sept. 1997).pdfZ-E&I InstallationZ-010 Electrical, instrumentation and telecommunication installation (Rev. 3, October 2000).pdfZ-MC & PreservationZ-006 Preservation (Rev. 2, Nov. 2001).pdfZ-007 Mechanical Completion and Commissioning (Rev 2, Dec. 1999).pdfZ-006-Data_Sheet.docZ-007-Data_Sheet.docZ-Regularity & CriticalityZ-008 Criticality Analysis for maintenance purposes (Rev. 2, Nov. 2001).pdf Z-016 Regularity management & reliability technology (Rev. 1, Dec. 1998).pdf Z-Risk analysesZ-013 Risk and emergency preparedness analysis (Rev. 2, Sep. 2001).pdfZ-Stand. Cost CodingZ-014 Standard cost coding system (SCCS) (Rev. 1, Oct. 2002).pdfZ-Technical InfoZ-001 Documentation for operation (DFO (Rev. 4, March 1998).pdfZ-002-CR Component identification system (Rev. 1, May 1996).pdfZ-002-DP Coding system (Rev. 3, Oct. 1996).pdfZ-003 Technical Information Flow Requirements (Rev. 2, May 1998).pdfZ-004 CAD symbol libraries (Rev. 1, July 1998.).pdfZ-004-CAD_Symbols_Autocad.zipZ-004-CAD_Symbols_MS.zipZ-005 2D-CAD drawing standard (Rev. 1, October 1997).pdfZ-Temporary EquipmentZ-015 Temporary equipment (Rev. 3, June 2004).pdfTemporary equipment - Checklists equipment (Rev. 3, June 2004) Temporary equipment - Checklists containers (Rev. 3, June 2004)Z-015_Data_sheet_for_temporary_equipment.docZ-015_Declaration_of_conformity.doc。

Discover how Oracle HCM Cloud can help“There is a much greater focus on change management, resilience, user experience, accessibility and enabling data and analytics.”1. Bersin, J. ‘HR Technology 2020: Disruption Ahead’. ,August 2019Managing change and building resilience Traditionally, a Human Resources Information System (HRIS) was seen as a basic way of keepingadministrative employee records and focusing on security and data management – simply a database‘keeping the lights on’, rather than anything strategic or value-added. As HR functions became morecomplex, HRIS incorporated processes such as talent acquisition, recruitment, and ongoing employeedata management and processing. It has since become the solution that maintains, manages,predicts and processes detailed employee information, with the help of AI and automation.“We see HRIS now playing a stronger role in change management and enabling organisations throughthe change journey”, says Andre Robberts, Country Applications Leader UK & IE and Head of HCM,Commercial Industries at Oracle. “There is a much greater focus on change management, resilience,user experience, accessibility and enabling data and analytics.” This comes with, continues Roberts “amarked change in the skills and profile of the HRIS organisation as companies go on the cloud journey.”Leading HR thinker Josh Bersin identifies this asa key trend for 2020. He writes that traditionalmanagement systems “are still out there, but awhole new breed of “redesigned” platforms isnow available… these new tools are disruptingthe traditional talent management platformsbecause they are designed for employees first,HR departments second.”1Discover how Oracle HCM Cloud can helpTo minimize business disruption and protect employees, organisations must take steps now, to start creating an Elastic Digital Workplace.2. Accenture, ‘Productivity in Uncertain Times through the ElasticDigital Workplace’, 11 March 20203. McKinsey Digital. ‘The digital-led recovery from COVID-19:Five questions for CEOs’, April 20204. , ‘How to Get Executive Buy-in for Your New HR TechTools’, 2018In the unfolding COVID-19 crisis, systemresilience is being tested like never before.The COVID-19 pandemic is a health andhumanitarian crisis, but it is also an economicshock. Businesses are rapidly assessing fast-changing developments and the implicationsfor their organisations. Accenture, an Oraclesystem integrator, recommends that “tominimize business disruption and protectemployees, organisations must take steps now,to start creating an Elastic Digital Workplace.”2Similarly, McKinsey believe that, “the COVID-19crisis is likely to significantly accelerate theshift to digital and fundamentally shake upthe business landscape… By acting early andbeing bold and decisive, CEOs can acceleratetheir digital transformation and reach the nextnormal sooner.”3HRIS finds itself at the forefront of this digitaltransformation. By eliminating formerly paper-based and manual HR-related processes,an HRIS offers more seamless, streamlined,efficient interactions between employees andmanagement while freeing HR professionalsto perform more strategic and high-valuework. A key benefit is the ability to run multiplescenarios, in an agile manner, to inform cost-effective decision making. As CMSWire putsit, “When a company adopts new HR tech, itusually isn’t just about creating a faster, moreuser-friendly process. More often than not, it’smeant to help facilitate the transition towards anew way of thinking.”4The Business case forHR transformationDiscover how Oracle HCM Cloud can helpEmployees and HR Leaders through our vibrant global customer community are increasingly in the driving seat for how HRIS is shaped.The role of HRIS has evolved with a stronger emphasis on collaborating, change management, discovery, and architecture. This evolution is enabled by the opportunities presented by Oracle Cloud HCM, which include quarterly upgrades and easy-to-use, consumer-grade UX and applications. The ability to improve the effectiveness and capability of HR whilst also improving the employee experience, was once seen as a contradiction: now it is a reality. According to the HR Trends Institute, asking the question “How will the employees benefit from this effort?” is a good starting point for most people analytics and HR transformation projects. “It also helps to create buy-in, which becomes increasingly important with the introduction of GDPR.”5Employees and HR Leaders through our vibrant global customer community are increasingly in the driving seat for how HRIS is shaped: also known as ‘employee experience by design’. A KPMG survey finds that 95 percent of HR leaders are prioritising employee experience (EX) as a focus area, while 40 percent identify enhancing analytics capabilities as among the top three reasons for their organisations’ investment in HR technology.6The Employee Experience 2020 Global Report & Case Studies from the EX Leaders Network, finds that “companies who are most evolved with EX frameworks are turning their attention to transforming their business model, the design of their organisation (teams, workflow, structures, processes, etc.) as well as their physical and digital workspace. The end goal is sustainability and competitive advantage via happy people who feel more connected with their work, and the other people they interact with.”75. Haak, T. ‘12 HR Trends for 2020’, HR Trends Institute, 26 Nov 20196. KPMG, ‘Future of HR 2020: Which path are you taking?’, 20207. EX LEADERS NETWORK, ‘Employee Experience 2020 Global Report & Case Studies’.Discover how Oracle HCM Cloud can helpThe right HRIS empowers you to address business challenges by helping you put the right talent in place. Oracle HRIS helps to humanise experiences at work by using technologies employees are familiar with.Oracle’s HR Service Delivery Suite helps HRprovide the best in employee experiencethrough an intelligent HR Help Desk, easy-to-useExperience Design Studio, and a conversationalDigital Assistant. Our intelligent Help Desk aidsHR in organising service requests and analysingtrending concerns. Experience Design Studiohelps HR teams design rules and workflows tohelp guide employees to both input and receivethe right information throughout the system.This gives HR a level of independence beyondanything they have experienced before byremoving the need to pull in IT to make thesechanges. Integration with Finance ERP alsoensures a 360-degree view of both finance andpeople data. This empower managers via on-channels covering both commercial and peopleinformation data, anytime and anywhere.Oracle HRIS helps to humanise experiences at work by using technologies employees are familiar with—such as conversational UI, intuitive workflows, and self-guided transactions—across any device, anywhere. The result is increased employee engagement and improved organisational productivity. The Oracle Digital Assistant improves the employee experience by providing the conversational assistance employees are used to at home, making it easier than ever to get questions answered and tasks completed.The right HRIS empowers you to address business challenges by helping you put the right talent in place. Through the consistent, automated management of acquisition and recruiting data, your HRIS can build a workforce that has the right people with the right skills, working in the right functions and under theright structure, to meet your strategic goals.Next level analyticsDiscover how Oracle HCM Cloud can helpTechnology advancement is creating the opportunity to transform the HRIS from an impersonal people-data management system to a system that creates a more human experience.The future for HRIS is focused on ensuring interoperability, architectural and systemic thinking. This will see reporting and analytics elevated to the level of data science and process design. Oracle is already enabling this throughout its human-centred design, design studio and analytics cloud.“Risk management is still key”, says Sarah Henry, a former HR Director and Executive Solution Director HCM at Oracle. “But the future is exciting with HRIS central and core to an employee centric HR transformation agenda.”As automated technologies advance, the workplace is changing dramatically. Increasingly, we are working alongside technology in ever more sophisticated ways. In the HR space, technology advancement is creating the opportunity to transform the HRIS from an impersonal people-data management system to a system that creates a more human experience in the workplace. This empowers the organisation with the relevant people data needed to manage in real time, rather than wait to react to a monthly HR report.As Josh Bersin writes, the rise of employee-centric data platforms, and now machine learning and AI, are now moving “ from the ‘sidelines’ to center stage, as companies now realize they can buy much of this technology as needed, without having to build everything internally.”8 In a recent HR trends survey too, over half (56 percent) of HR respondents agree that preparing the workforce for Artificial Intelligence (AI) and related technologies will be the biggest challenge for the HR function.9The HRIS of the near future will be more helpful and intuitive, making it easier for employees to achieve their objectives more easily, faster, and with better results. These systems will use AI and machine learning (ML) to “sense” what employees are trying to accomplish and proactively offer solutions―from making an address change to enrolling in the best training option. From the back-end operational perspective, HRIS innovations will become more manageable. Installation of upgrades and new releases will beeasier and tailored to customer needs.8. Bersin, J. ‘HR Technology 2020: Disruption Ahead’. Joshbersin.com, August 20199. KPMG, ‘Future of HR 2020: Which path are you taking?’, 2020Discover how Oracle HCM Cloud can helpWe are already ahead of this curve. Oracle haveincorporated AI and ML everywhere in theOracle Cloud HCM. By infusing machine learningin all your transactions, we can provide AI-based recommendations and predictions. Asyou implement decisions, we can even measurethe effectiveness of them, tune them specificto you, and improve your decision-makingover time. The Oracle Cloud HCM AI tool ‘BestCandidate’, for example, takes data-heavyprocesses—like reviewing resumes, LinkedIn andtalent profiles—to uncover the Best Candidatesin a sea of talent. It then provides a ranking ofthose candidates based on the job descriptionand competencies as outlined by the talentacquisition and hiring teams.Organisations that embrace new and emergingtechnologies in their HRIS will be part of themove to transform the workplace into anenvironment where technology and humanswork together to create better outcomes for all.CONNECT WITH USCall +44 207 5626 827***************************************.comCopyright © 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. This document is provided for information purposes only, and the contents hereof are subject to change without notice. This document is not warranted to be error-free, nor subject to any other warranties or conditions, whether expressed orally or implied in law, including implied warranties and conditions of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. We specifically disclaim any liability with respect to this document, and no contractual obligations are formed either directly or indirectly by this document. This document may not be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, for any purpose, without our prior written permission. Oracle and Java are registered trademarks of Oracle and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective /oracleHCM /oracle。

建筑与房屋英文单词Building and Housing English VocabularyIntroduction:In the field of architecture and construction, a comprehensive understanding of relevant English vocabulary is crucial. This article aims to provide an extensive list of commonly used English words related to buildings and housing. It will cover various aspects, including architectural components, construction materials, building types, and housing terminology. By familiarizing yourself with these words, you will be better equipped to communicate effectively in English within the context of architecture and construction.1. Architectural Components:1.1 Foundation - the base on which a building is constructed1.2 Wall - a structure that encloses or separates areas within a building1.3 Roof - the uppermost part of a building that protects it from weather elements1.4 Window - an opening in a wall that allows light and air to enter1.5 Door - a movable barrier used for entering or exiting a building1.6 Staircase - a series of steps that provide access to different levels of a building1.7 Balcony - a platform projecting from the wall of a building, often above ground level1.8 Column - a vertical structure that supports weight or serves as decoration2. Construction Materials:2.1 Concrete - a composite material composed of cement, aggregates, and water2.2 Brick - a rectangular block made of clay or concrete used in construction2.3 Steel - a strong alloy of iron used for structural support in buildings2.4 Wood - a natural material derived from trees, used for construction and finishing2.5 Glass - a transparent material used for windows, doors, and architectural features2.6 Roofing - materials such as tiles, shingles, or metal sheets used to cover the roof2.7 Insulation - materials used to reduce heat transfer and improve energy efficiency3. Building Types:3.1 Skyscraper - an exceptionally tall building with multiple floors3.2 Villa - a large, luxurious house, often located in a rural or suburban area3.3 Townhouse - a single-family house sharing walls with neighboring houses3.4 Apartment - a self-contained housing unit within a larger building3.5 Office Building - a commercial building designed to accommodate offices and businesses3.6 Warehouse - a large building used for storing goods or materials3.7 Hospital - a medical facility for the diagnosis and treatment of patients4. Housing Terminology:4.1 Bedroom - a room used for sleeping and relaxation4.2 Living Room - a room for socializing and entertaining guests4.3 Kitchen - a room equipped for cooking and preparing meals4.4 Bathroom - a room containing a toilet, sink, and bathing facilities4.5 Garage - a structure for housing vehicles4.6 Garden - an outdoor area for cultivating plants or for recreational purposes4.7 Porch - a covered entrance to a building, typically at the frontConclusion:This article has provided an overview of English vocabulary related to buildings and housing. Acquiring a strong command of these words will enhance your ability to communicate effectively in the field of architecture and construction. Remember to practice incorporating these terms into conversations and written expressions to further solidify your understandingand usage. Building and housing terminology are integral to successfully navigating the realm of architecture, making this knowledge indispensable for professionals and enthusiasts alike.。

Oracle Database 10g: Building GIS Applications Using the Oracle Spatial Network Data ModelAn Oracle Technical White PaperMay 2005Table of Contents Abstract (3)Introduction (3)Oracle Spatial Network Data Model (5)Network Data Model Schema (5)Network Metadata (6)Network Tables (6)Oracle Spatial Network Data Model APIs (6)Network Data Model Analysis Capabilities (7)Modeling Network Applications (8)Network Constraints (8)Java Representations of Network Elements (8)Software Requirements (9)Using the Network Data Model (9)1. Create a Network (9)2. Visualize or Edit the Network (9)3. Analyze the Network (9)Network Data Model Editor (9)GIS Applications using the Network Data Model (10)Network Tracing Applications (10)Network Routing Applications (10)Network Allocation Applications (11)Using Network Constraints in Analysis (11)New Features in the Oracle Spatial 10g Network Data Model (13)Network Modeling: Link Direction (13)Network Analysis: Maximum Flow Analysis (14)PL/SQL Wrapper Package (14)Conclusion (14)References (14)ABSTRACTNetwork modeling, management, and analysis are common tasks for Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Network analysis includes routing (path computation) in transportation networks, tracing (accessibility) in utility networks, and resource allocation in decision-making and customer relationship management (CRM) applications. In this paper we present the Oracle Spatial network data model, an Oracle Database release 10g feature that lets users model and analyze networks. This feature simplifies network modeling, analysis, and management so that users can focus on application logic. The network data model provides an open, generic data model with many common GIS analysis capabilities. In addition, it fully supports Oracle Spatial objects of type SDO_GEOMETRY. GIS applications based on the Oracle Spatial network data model are discussed in this paper. INTRODUCTIONThere are two common types of GIS applications: applications that deal with spatial proximity, and applications that deal with both spatial proximity and connectivity. For many applications queries on spatial proximity, which mainly consider metrics like Euclidean or geodetic distances, are sufficient. However, there are instances when connectivity needs to be taken into account, such as in finding the shortest distance between two locations in a road network. Many GIS applications are networks that require modeling and analysis on object relationships (connectivity). Figure 1 shows a road network of New York City.Figure 1. New York City Road Network (60384 nodes, 151962 links. Source: NavStreets from NavTech)Oracle Spatial has supported spatial objects since release 8.1.5. A complete set of indexes, operators, and functions is available for managing information based on spatial proximity. The network data model extends Oracle Spatial to deal with connectivity. Currently there are many GIS vendors offering network solutions; however, their solutions may have the following issues:• Their data model is stored in proprietary file formats, and cannot be integrated with their database.• The data model and analysis capabilities cannot be extended.• Application information cannot be separated from connectivity information.• Spatial information management and hierarchical relationships are not directly supported.To address these issues, Oracle Spatial network data model does the following: • Provides an open and persistent network data model.The network data model is stored as relational tables in the database and ismanaged through SQL.• Simplifies network data management and analysisPL/SQL and Java APIs are provided for network data management andanalysis.• Separates connectivity and application information in the data model Connectivity information can be separated from application information.Both application information and connectivity information are managed inthe database. However, only connectivity information is required fornetwork analysis.• Allows the extension of data model and analysis capabilitiesThe Java API provides representations of network elements as JavaInterfaces. Users can define their own network elements by extendingthese interfaces. As a result, users can implement their own user-definedrepresentations and analysis functions.• Integrates with Oracle Spatial technology for spatial information managementThe network data model supports all Oracle Spatial data types.This paper is organized as follows: it presents the network data model database schema, APIs and architecture; shows how to use the data model; presents several GIS network applications built on top of the data model; discusses how to use network constraints to enhance analysis capabilities; and discusses the network data model editor that is used to edit and visualize networks.ORACLE SPATIAL NETWORK DATA MODELThe network data model consists of two parts: a network schema and network APIs. The network schema is the persistent data storage used to store network information. The network APIs contain a PL/SQL package for data management in the database and a Java API for data management and analysis on the client-side (via Java JDBC drivers).Network Data Model SchemaA network contains network metadata, a node table, and a link table. In addition, path information (path table and path-link table) can be stored with the network if desired. Figure 2 shows a schematic view of a network in the database. Note that only connectivity information is stored. Additional application information can be stored in the network tables, or in other tables and referenced by foreign keys.Figure 2. Oracle Network Data Model (Schematic View)Network MetadataNetwork metadata provides general information about networks. It includes the following network details:• Directed or undirected• Logical or spatial• Hierarchical or flat• Information about nodes, links, and paths• Geometry information -- for spatial networksNetwork TablesAn Oracle network contains two tables: a node table and a link table. A path table can be added if needed. Figure 2 shows the schema for the network data model, which includes these tables. The schema represents the information necessary for network management and analysis. Application attributes can be added to these tables or referenced from other application tables (through foreign keys). Note that the network data model is also capable of handling geometry information. That is, the network data model can represent both logical and spatial network applications. Adding geometric data to a logical network will allow the logical network to be displayed.Oracle Spatial Network Data Model APIsThe network data model provides a PL/SQL API and a Java API for network management on the database and client sides. The Java API can also be used for network analysis. The three-tiered network data model application architecture is shown in Figure 3.Figure 3. Network Data Model ArchitectureNetwork Data Model Analysis CapabilitiesThe following analyses are supported in the network data model:• Shortest Path: The shortest path from node A to node B• Accessibility Analysis: Is node A accessible from node B?• Minimum-Cost Spanning Tree: What is the minimum-cost tree that connects all nodes?• Within Cost Analysis: What nodes are within a given cost from (to) a given node?• Nearest Neighbors: What are the N nearest neighbors of a given node?• K Shortest Paths: What are the K shortest paths from node A to node B?• Connected Components Analysis: Label connected components with IDs.• Graph Operations: Graph union, intersection, and difference.• Traveling Salesman Problem: What is the minimum-cost tour that visits a set of cities?• Single Source, Single Sink Maximum Flow Analysis: What is the maximum allowable flow that can flow from the source node to the sink node?(Oracle Spatial 10g Release 2)Modeling Network ApplicationsThe network data model takes a generic approach to solving network problems, by separating connectivity information from application-specific information. Figure 4 shows how a typical network application can be modeled and analyzed. First the network connectivity information (node connections and link cost) is extracted and separated from the application-specific information. Application-specific attributes are stored, if needed, with the connectivity information or separately. Once the connectivity information is extracted, network analysis is conducted on the generic model. Additional network constraints can also be considered. The final result is then mapped to application-related attributes, and displayed. This approach avoids customized network solutions and simplifies the data management of connectivity and application-specific information.Figure 4. Network Modeling and Analysis Using the Network Data ModelNetwork ConstraintsThe network data model introduces the concept of network constraints, which provides a mechanism to guide network analysis. For example, you may want to compute the shortest path that passes through network links of a specific type. With network constraints, applications can easily incorporate application-specific logic into the network data model analysis engine without knowing how the engine works. Other constraints, such as path depth, or cost, can also be included in analysis. The network constraint is a Java interface and must be implemented by the application.Java Representations of Network ElementsThe Java network representations (network, nodes, links, and paths) are defined as Java interfaces and can therefore be extended. These interfaces specify the necessary behaviors for the network and its elements. In addition to these interfaces, user-defined analysis functions can be used by applications, allowing the modeling and analysis capabilities of the network data model to be extended.Software RequirementsThe Spatial network data model is shipped with Oracle Database release 10g. The PL/SQL package is pre-loaded in the database and required Java .jar files are provided; the Java API supports JDK (or JRE) version 1.3 or later. The network editor is also included as a utility tool for the network data model. For more information, see the Oracle Spatial Topology and Network Data Models manual. USING THE NETWORK DATA MODELThis section explains the usage of the network data model. There are three major steps.1. Create a Network1. Create and populate network tables and add metadata to the database.2. Create a Java network object using the Java API and save it to thedatabase.2. Visualize or Edit the Network1. Load a network from the database or an XML representation.2. Visualize or edit the Java network object using the network data modeleditor. Store the network in the database, if needed.3. Analyze the Network1. Load a network into a Java network object.2. Conduct network analysis. Save the path results, if needed.NETWORK DATA MODEL EDITORThe network data model editor is a standalone Java application that helps create, edit, and visualize networks. The editor supports viewing operations such as pan, zoom, and auto-fit. It also provides functions to navigate between network elements. All analysis functions are supported in the editor. With the editor, users can create a network from scratch in the client-side and save it to the database. The editor is configurable on element styles, colors, and sizes. Figure 5 shows the network data model editor.Figure 5. Network Data Model EditorGIS APPLICATIONS USING THE NETWORK DATA MODELGIS network analysis may include network tracing, network routing, and network allocation.Network Tracing ApplicationsTracing applications deal with queries like Is node A reachable from node B? or What are the nodes that are reachable or can be reached from a given node? Such queries are common in water or utility networks. Another type of tracing analysis is to find out how many connected components are in a network. Figure 6 shows some such queries.Figure 6. Reachable and Reaching AnalysisNetwork Routing ApplicationsRouting analysis or path computation, probably the most studied topic in network applications, is divided into the following categories:• Shortest Path or Fastest Path (transitive closure problem) (see Figure 7).• K Shortest Paths: Find k shortest paths from a start node to a destination node.• Traveling Salesman Problem (see Figure 7): Find a minimum-cost tour that passes a set of locations.Figure 7. Shortest Path and Traveling Salesman ProblemNetwork Allocation ApplicationsAllocation analysis deals with designating destination points within a network. It provides information on a service area or coverage for points of interest. The network data model supports the following allocation analyses (see Figure 8):• Within Cost: Find all points of interest within a certain distance from a designated location.• Nearest Neighbors: Find the N nearest restaurants to a designated location.• Minimum-Cost Spanning Tree: Find the cheapest way to connect all nodes.Figure 8. Nearest Neighbors, Within Cost, and Minimum Cost Spanning Tree AnalysisUsing Network Constraints in AnalysisConstraints are conditions to be satisfied during analysis. The network data model supports network constraints so that applications can impose application-specific conditions on the network during analysis. The Java interface NetworkConstraint canbe implemented by the user, and passed into any network data model analysis function. Figure 9 shows analysis information that is available for users to implement their network constraintsFigure 9. Analysis Information for Network ConstraintsThe following are some examples of network constraints:• Depth (number of links), cost, and MBR constraintsNetwork analysis can be limited based on the depth of the search path, thecost limit, or the area (minimum bounding rectangle) where the analysisoccurs. These constraints can be used to specify a preferred subset ofpossible solutions. The network data model provides a SystemConstraintclass (which implements the NetworkConstraint class) for these commonnetwork constraints. Users can create an instance of SystemConstraint anduse it in analysis.• Temporarily inactivated nodes or linksSometimes nodes or links must be temporarily turned off before analysisbegins, for example, road segments (links) under construction in a roadnetwork, or water valves (nodes) shut down for repair in a water network.You can make a node or link inactive by setting its state to false. Networkelements that are inactive will not be considered during analysis. Note thatchanging the state of nodes and links does not affect the persistent datamodel.• Routing with specific types of links and nodesSometimes network analysis must only be conducted through nodes andlinks of specific types or with specific requirements.• Turn restrictionsTurn restrictions are constraints involving two links. They are common inrouting for transportation networks. In the following example, aprohibited turn is represented by a start link and an end link (see Figure10). For intersections with turn restrictions, such as no “U” turn or no leftturn, if the search encounters the start link of a prohibited turn, the searchdoes not continue through the end link of that prohibited turn. This typeof restriction can be easily modeled using NetworkConstraint, sinceinformation on the current link and next link is made available to users.Figure 10. Turn Modeling for Road NetworksNEW FEATURES IN THE ORACLE SPATIAL 10G NETWORK DATA MODELWith Oracle Spatial 10g Release 2, the network data model provides the following features:Network Modeling: Link DirectionThe directionality of a link can be further specified at the link level. Unlike the network directionality that determines the directions of all links, a directed network can have links that are directed or bi-directed. A BIDIRECTED column can be added to the link table and used to indicate if a directed link is bi-directed. This modeling enhancement will reduce the storage requirement for directed networks with non-homogeneous link directions (unidirectional and bidirectional).Network Analysis: Maximum Flow AnalysisThe maximum flow analysis function is provided for a single source and single sink flow network. Each link in a flow network has a flow capacity associated with it. The goal of this function is to find the maximum allowable flow that can flow from the source node to the sink node. This type of analysis is commonly seen in communication or logistics network planning.PL/SQL Wrapper PackagePrior to Oracle Spatial 10g Release 2, only the network data model Java API could be used for network editing and analysis. Now, a PL/SQL wrapper package is also provided that helps users edit and analyze networks in PL/SQL. This wrapper package provides nearly equivalent functionality as the Java API. It is done through database Java stored procedures and Java virtual machine in Oracle. CONCLUSIONThe Oracle Spatial network data model, available with Oracle Spatial 10g, is a generic network (graph) modeling and analysis environment for network applications. GIS applications for routing, tracing, and allocation have been discussed. The network data model provides an open, easy-to-use, scalable, efficient, and manageable approach to developing GIS network applications. We are currently working with our customers and partners to extend the modeling and analysis capabilities of the network data model.REFERENCESOracle Spatial Topology and Network Data Models, Oracle Corporation.Oracle Spatial User’s Guide and Reference, Oracle Corporation.Oracle Linear Referencing System: A Technical White Paper, Oracle Corporation. Oracle Spatial Network Data Model: A Technical White Paper, Oracle Corporation.Building GIS Applications Using the Oracle Spatial Network Data Model: An Oracle Technical White Paper May 2005Author: Jack Chenghua WangContributors: Vishal Rao, Nicole AlexanderOracle CorporationWorld Headquarters500 Oracle ParkwayRedwood Shores, CA 94065U.S.A.Worldwide Inquiries:Phone: +1.650.506.7000Fax: +1.650.506.7200Copyright © 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.This document is provided for information purposes only and thecontents hereof are subject to change without notice.This document is not warranted to be error-free, nor subject to anyother warranties or conditions, whether expressed orally or impliedin law, including implied warranties and conditions of merchantabilityor fitness for a particular purpose. We specifically disclaim anyliability with respect to this document and no contractual obligationsare formed either directly or indirectly by this document. This documentmay not be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means,electronic or mechanical, for any purpose, without our prior written permission.Oracle, JD Edwards, and PeopleSoft are registered trademarks ofOracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarksof their respective owners.。

Fundamentals IChapter1Oracle Architectural Componentsshow sga；alter system set shared_pool_size=64M;alter system set DB_CACHE_SIZE=96M;alter system set large_pool_size=24Mdesc v$db_cache_adviceselect*from v$db_cache_advice;(displayed statistics)Chapter2Getting Started with the Oracle Server1、list the common database administration tools available to a DBAOracle Universal InstallerOracle Database Configuration AssistantPassword File UtilitySQL*PlusOracle Enterprise Manager2、SQL statementscolumn owner format a5;column table_name format a20;column tablespace_name format a15;select owner,table_name,tablespace_name from dba_tables where rownum<10;SQL>!rm$HOME/admin/pfile/orapw$ORACLE_SIDSQL>!orapwd file=$HOME/admin/pflie/orapw$ORACLE_SID password=oracle entries=5SQL>!chmod660$HOME/admin/pfile/orapw$ORACLE_SIDChapter3Managing an Oracle Instance1、create spfile[='spflie-name']from pfile[='pfile-name']for examplecreate spflie='$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/spfilebbk.ora'from pfile='$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initbbk.ora'; DefaultSQL>create spfile from pfile;SQL>create pflie from spflie;modifying parameters in spfileSQL>alter system set undo_tablespace=undo2;SQL>alter system set undo_tablespace=undo2scope=both;deleting or resetting valuesSQL>alter system reset undo_suppress_errors scope=both sid='*';alter system set parameter_name=parameter_value[comment'text'][scope=memory|spfile|both][sid='sid'|'*'] startup database filestartup pfile=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initbbk.orastartup spflie=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/spfilebbk.orastartup[force][restrict][pfile=filename][open][recover][database][mount][nomount]alter database bbk mount;alter database bbk open read only;alter database{mount|open}alter database open[read write|read only]startup restrictalter system enable restricted session;shutdown[abort|immediate|transactional|normal]alter session set SQL_TRACE=trueChapter4Creating a Databaseorapwd file=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwU15password=admin entries=5set remote_login_passwordfile=exclusive in initialization parameter fileadd user to the password fileassign appropriate privileges to each userSQL>grant sysdba to heli;Chapter5Using Data Dictionary and Dynamic Performance Viewsselect owner,object_name,object_type from dba_objects;select owner,object_name,object_type from all_objects;select object_name,object_type from user_objects;general overview:dictionary,dict_columnsshcema objects:dba_tables,dba_indexs,dba_tab_columns,dba_constraintsspace allocation:dba_segments,dba_extentsdatabase structure:dba_tablespaces,dba_data_filesdynamic performance examplesv$controlfile:Lists the names of the control filesv$database:Contains database information from the control filev$datafile:Contains data file information from the control filev$instance:Displays the state of the current instancev$parameter:Lists parameter and values currently in effect for the sessioonv$session:Lists session information for each current sessionv$sga:Contains summary information on the system global areav$spparameter:Lists the contents of the SPFILEv$tablespace:Displays tablespace information from the control filev$thread:Contains thread information from the control filev$version:Version numbers of core library components in the Oracle serverselect*from v$fixed_table;7、list of the data dictionary viewsselect table_name from dictionary;8、identify the database name,instance name and size of the database blocksselect name from v$database;select instance from v$thread;select value from v$parameter where name='db_block_size';9、list the name and size the data files,online redo log files,and the name of the control files select name from v$datafile;select member from v$logfile;select name from v$controlfile;10、identify the data file that makes up the system tablespaceselect file_name from dba_data_files where tablespace_name='SYSTEM';11、free space and used spaceselect sum(bytes)/1024"free space in KB"from dba_free_space;select sum(bytes)/1024"used space in KB"from dba_segments;12、list the name and creation date of the database usersselect username,created from dba_users;Chapter6Maintaining the Control Filemultiplexing the control file when using spfilealter system setcontrol_files='$HOME/oracdata/u01/control01.ctl','$HOME/oradata/u02/control02.ctl'scope=spfile;shutdown immediatecp$HOME/oradata/u01/control01.ctl$HOME/oradata/u02/control02.ctlstartup;multiplexing the contril file when using pfileshutdown immediatecp$HOME/oradata/u01/control01.ctl$HOME/oradata/u02/control02.ctlcontrol_files=$HMOE/oradata/u01/control01.ctl,$HOME/oradata/u02/control02.ctlFor exampleSQL>alter system set control_files='/u010g/oradata/bbk/control01.ctl','/u010g/oradata/bbk/control02.ctl','/u010g/oradata/bbk/control03.ctl','/u010g/oradata/bbk/control04.ctl' scope=spfile;SQL>shutdown immediateSQL>!cp/u010g/oradata/bbk/control03.ctl/u010g/oradata/bbk/control04.ctlSQL>!chmod660/u010g/oradata/bbk/control04.ctlSQL>startup;SQL>select*from v$controlfile;4、inital sizing of the data file section in control fileSQL>select records_total from v$controlfile_record_section where type='DATAFILE';Chapter7Maintaining Online Redo Log Files1、forcing a log switchalter system switch logfileSQL>select group#,thread#,sequence#,status from v$log;SQL>select group#,members,archived,status from v$log;SQL>select tablespace_name,contents,extent_management from dba_tablespaces;checkpoint can be forced by:setting fast_start_mttr_target parameterFAST_START_MTTR_TARGET=600alter system checkpoint commandalter system checkpoint;2、add log groupalter database add logfile group3('$HOME/oradata/u01/log03a.rdo','$HOME/oradata/u02/log3b.rdo')size2M;3、adding online redo log file membersalter database add logfile member'$HOME/oradata/u04/log1c.rdo'TO GROUP1,'$HOME/oradata/u04/log2c.rdo'TO GROUP2,'$HOME/oradata/u04/log3c.rdo'TO GROUP3;4、dropping online redo log file groupsalter database drop logfile group3;5、dropping online redo log file membersalter database drop logfile member'$HOME/oradata/u04/log3c.rdo';6、alter database rename file command(1)SQL>shutdown immediate(2)copy the online redo log files to the new location(3)startup the database and mount,but do not open itSQL>connect/as sysdbaSQL>startup mountSQL>alter database rename file'$HOME/oradata/u01/log2a.rdo'TO'$HOME/oradata/u02/log1c.rdo';SQL>alter database open;7、clearing online redo log filealter database clear logfile group2;alter database clear unarchived logfile group2;test3SQL>col group#format99SQL>col member format a40SQL>alter database add logfile member'/u010g/oradata/bbk/redo01b.log'to group1,SQL>'/u010g/oradata/bbk/redo02b.log'to group2,SQL>'/u010g/oradata/bbk/redo03b.log'to group3;SQL>select*from v$logfile;test4alter database add logfile group4('/u010g/oradata/bbk/redo01b.log','/u010g/oradata/bbk/redo01.log')size51M;column group#format99column member format a40select*from v$logfile;select group#,members from v$log;test5SQL>alter system switch logfile;SQL>alter system switch logfile;SQL>alter system switch logfile;SQL>alter system switch logfile;SQL>select group#,members from v$log;SQL>alter database drop logfile group4;SQL>!rm/u010g/oradata/bbk/redo01b.rdoSQL>!rm/u010g/oradata/bbk/redo02b.rdotest6SQL>alter database add logfilegroup3('/u010g/oradata/bbk/redo03a.rdo','/u010g/oradata/bbk/redo03b.rdo')size51M,group4('/u010g/oradata/bbk/redo04a.rdo','/u010g/oradata/bbk/redo04b.rdo')size51M;SQL>select group#,status from v$log;SQL>alter system switch logfile;SQL>alter system switch logfile;SQL>alter system switch logfile;SQL>alter system switch logfile;SQL>alter database drop logfile group1,group2;SQL>select group#,bytes from v$log;Chapter8Managing Tablespaces and Data FilesSQL>select a.tablespace_name,a.bytes bytes_used,rgest,round(((a.bytes- b.bytes)/a.bytes)*100,2)percent_used from(select tablespace_name,sum(bytes)bytes from dba_data_files group by tablespace_name)a,(select tablespace_name,sum(bytes)bytes, max(bytes)largest from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name)b where a.tablespace_name=b.tablespace_name order by((a.bytes-b.bytes)/a.bytes)DESC;configuring ASSMcreate tablespace data02datafile'/u01/oradata/data02.dbf'size5M extent management local uniform szie64K segment space mangement auto;create database dba01logfilegroup1('/$HOME/oradata/bbk/redo01.log')size100M,group2('/$HOME/oradata/bbk/redo02.log')size100M,group3('/$HOME/oradata/bbk/redo03.log')size100M,maxlogfiles5maxlogmembers5maxloghistory1maxdatafiles100maxinstances1datafiles'/$HOME/oradata/bbk/system01.dbf'size325Mundo tablespace undotbsdatafile'/$HOME/oradata/bbk/undotbs01.dbf'size200Mdefault temporary tablespace temptempfile'/$HOME/oradata/bbk/tem01.dbf'size50Mcharacter set US7ASCIIcreating a default temporary tablespacealter database default temporary tablespace default_temp2;To find the default temporary tablespace for the database query database_properties;select*from database_properties;alter tablespace userdata read only;Tablespaces that cannot be taken offline:system,tablespace tablespace with active undo segments,default temporary tablespace.alter tablespace userdata offline;alter tablespace userdata online;changing storage settingsalter tablespace userdata minimum extent2m;alter tablespace userdata default storage(initial2M next2M maxextents999);create tablespace userdata02datafile'/u010g/oradata/bbk/userdata02.dbf'size5Mautoextend on next2M maxsize200M;alter database datafile'/u010g/oradata/bbk/userdata02.dbf'autoextend on next2M;alter database datafile'/u010g/oradata/bbk/userdata02.dbf'resize5M;alter tablespace userdata02add datafile'/u010g/oradata/bbk/userdata03.dbf'szie5m;create tablespace user_data datafile'/u010g/oradata/bbk/user_data.dbf'size200M autoxtend onnext10M maxsize500M;select tablespace_name,file_name,autoextensible from dba_data_files;methods for moving data filesalter tablespace:tablespace must be offline,target data file must existalter tablespace userdata rename datafile'/u010g/oradata/bbk/userdata.dbf'to'/u010g/oradata/bbk/userdata01.dbf';alter database:database must be mounted,target data file must existalter database rename file'/u010g/oradata/bbk/system01.dbf'to'/u110g/oradata/bbk/system01.dbf';droping tablespaceYou cannot drop a tablespace if it:Is the system tablespacehas active segmentsincluding contents drops the segmentsincluding contents and datafiles deletes data filescascade constraints drops all referential integrity constraintsdrop tablespace userdata including contents and datafiles;Obtaining Tablespace Informationtablespace information:dba_tablespacev$tablespacedata file information:dba_data_filesv$datafiletemp file information:dba_temp_filesv$tempfileChapter9Storage Structure and Relationshipscreate tablespace data02datafile'/u01/oradata/data02.dbf'size5M extent management local uniform size64k segment space management auto;obtaining storage information:dba_extents:dba_segments:dba_tablespaces:dba_data_files:dba_free_spaceSQL>select segment_name,tablespace_name,extents,blocks from dba_segments;SQL>select extent_id,file_id,block_id,blocks from dba_extents;SQL>select tablespace_name,count(*),max(blocks),sum(blocks)from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name;test1create table emp(empno number(4),ename varchar2(30),job varchar2(9),mgr number(4),hiredate date,sal number(7,2),comm number(7,2),deptno number(2))tablespace data01storage(initial100knext100kpctincrease0minextents8maxextents10);create table fragment1(a number)tablespace data01storage(initial10K);create table dept(deptno number,dname varchar2(15),loc varchar2(20))tablespace data01storage(initial50k next50k);create table frament2(a number)tablespace data01storage(initial8k);create table big_emp(emp number(4),ename varchar2(30))tablespace data01storage(initial1Mnext1M maxextents10);create index i_e_empno on emp(ename)tablespace indx01storage(initial50K next50K);drop table fragment1;drop table fragment2;test2select distinct segment_type from dba_segments;test3column segment_name format a20column segment_type format a15select segment_name,segment_type,max_extents,extents from dba_segments where extents+5>max_extents and segment_type<>'cache'; test4select distinct f.file_name from dba_extents e,dba_data_file f where e.segment_name='EMP'and e.file_id=f.file_id;test6select tablespace_name,count(*)as fragments,sum(bytes)as total,max(bytes)as largest from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name; test7select s.segment_name,s.segment_type,s.tablespace_name,s.next_extent from dba_segments s wherenot exists(select1from dba_free_space f where s.tablespace_name=f.tablespace_name having max(f.types)>s.next_extent);Chapter10Managing Undo Data:dba_rollback_segs:v$rollname:v$rollstatv$undostatv$sessionv$transactionSQL>select segment_name,owner,tablespace_name,status from dba_rollback_segs;SQL>select ,s.extents,s.rssize,s.hwmsize,s.xacts,s.status from v$rollname n,v$rollstat s where n=n;SQL>select ername,t.xidusn,t.ubafil,t.ubablk,ed_ublk from v$session s,v$transaction t where s.saddr=t.ses_addr;SQL>select max(undoblks/((end_time-begin_time)*24*3600))from v$undostat;SQL>select sum(undoblks)/sum((end_time-begin_time)*24*3600)from v$undostat;SQL>select to_char(begin_time,'hh24:mi:ss')begin_time,to_char(end_time,'hh24:mi:ss')end_time,undoblks from v$undostat where rownum<4;test1list the undo segments in tablespace undotbsSQL>select segment_name from dba_rollback_segs where tablespace_name='UNDOTBS';test2create undo tablespace undo02datafile'/u010g/oradata/bbk/undo02.dbf'size15M;select segment_name from dba_rollback_segs where tablespace_name='UNDO02';test4and5SQL>alter system set undo_tablespace='undo02'scope=both;SQL>drop tablespace undotbs1including contents and datafiles;test6SQL>select segment_name from dba_rollback_segs where tablespace_name='UNDOTBS';SQL>select n,,b.status from v$rollname a,v$rollstat b where in(select segment_name from dba_segments where tablespace_name='UNDOTBS')and n=n;test9SQL>alter system set undo_retention=0scope=memory;SQL>drop tablespace undotbs including contents and datafiles;(tablespace dropped)Chapter11Managing Tablesselect rowid,id,name from t;create tablespace assm datafile'u01/oradata/denver/assm_1.dbf'size100M extent management local uniform size128K segment space management auto;create tablespace mssm datafile'u01/oradata/denver/mssm_1.dbf'size100M extent management local uniform size128K segment space management manual;create user as1identified by as1default tablespace assm;create user ms1identified by ms1default tablespace mssm;grant connect,resource to as1;grant connext,resource to ms1;sqlplus as1/as1SQL>show userSQL>desc user_segment;SQL>col segment_name format a30;SQL>select segment_name,segment_type from user_segments;SQL>create table t(id int,name char(10))storage(initial128k next128k pctincrease0minextents1maxextents5)tablespace assm; SQL>select segment_name,segment_type from user_segments;temporary tablesessionSQL>create global temporary table tmp_session on commit preserve rows as select*from t where1=0;transactionSQL>create global temporary table tmp_transaction on commit delete rows as select*from t where1=0;SQL>insert into t values(0,'name');SQL>insert into t values(1,'name');SQL>insert into tmp_session select*from t;SQL>insert into tmp_transaction select*from t;SQL>select count(*)from tmp_session;SQL>select count(*)from tmp_transaction;SQL>commit;SQL>select count(*)from tmp_session;SQL>select count(*)from tmp_transaction;Setting PCTFREE&PCTUSEDcompute PCTFREE(average row size-initial row size)*100/average row sziecompute PCTUSED100-PCTFREE-(average row size*100)/available data spacelookup create table all informaionSQL>select dbms_metadata.get_addl('TABLE','tablename','schema')from dual;SQL>alter table t move tablespace mssm;SQL>alter table t drop column comments cascade constraints checkpoint1000;SQL>alter table t set unused column name cascade constraints;SQL>alter table t drop unused column;SQL>select segment_name,file_id,block_id,blocks from dba_extents where segment_name='ORDERS'and segment_type='TABLE'; SQL>select count(*)from dba_extents where segment_name='ORDERS'and segment_type='TABLE';SQL>alter table orders allocate extent;SQL>select count(*)from dba_extents where segment_name='ORDERS'and segment_type='TABLE';SQL>truncate table orders reuse storage;SQL>select count(*)from dba_extents where segment_name='ORDERS'and segment_type='TABLE';Chapter12Managing IndexesSQL>create table t(id int,sex char(1),name char(10));SQL>desc user_objects;SQL>col object_name format a20SQL>select object_name,object_type from user_objects;SQL>beginfor i in1..1000loopinsert into t values(i,'M','zhangsan');end loop;commit;end;/SQL>create index t_idx1on t(id);SQL>select object_name,object_type from user_objects;SQL>create index t_idex2on t(sex,name);SQL>select object_name,object_type from user_objects;SQL>create bitmap index my_bit_idx on t(sex);SQL>alter index orders_region_id_idx rebuild tablespace index02;SQL>alter index orders_id_idx rebuild online;SQL>select object_name,object_type from user_objects;SQL>alter index t_idx1rebulid;SQL>alter index t_idx1rebulid online;SQL>alter index orders_id_idx coalesce;analyze indexSQL>analyze table t1compute statistics for table;SQL>analyze table t2compute statistics for all columns;SQL>analyze table t3compute statistics for all indexed columns;SQL>analyze table t4compute statistics;analyze TABLE a COMPUTE statistics FOR TABLE;对表做统计分析,仅仅影响all_tables中的相关数据analyze TABLE b COMPUTE statistics FOR ALL indexed columns;对索引列做统计分析,仅仅影响all_tab_columns中索引列相关数据。

Hello, and welcome to this online, self-paced lesson entitled “Introducing Oracle R Enterprise.” This session is part of an eight-lesson tutorial series on Oracle R Enterprise.My name is Brian Pottle. I will be your guide for the next 45 minutes of interactive lectures and review sessions on this lesson.“Introducing Oracle R Enterprise” is the first lesson of eight self-study sessions on Oracle R Enterprise.In this lesson, you’ll learn:•What R is, who uses it, and why they use it.•Next, we’ll examine several common user interfaces for R.•Finally, you’ll learn about Oracle’s strategy for supporting the R community. So, let’s start with the first topic: Using R: What, Who, and Why?R is a language and environment for statistical computing and graphics. This GNU Project is similar to the S language and environment, which was developed at Bell Laboratories (formerly AT&T, now Lucent Technologies) by John Chambers and colleagues. R can be considered a different implementation of S. There are some important differences, but much code written for S runs unaltered under R.R is an open-source language and environment that supports:•Statistical computing and data visualization•Data manipulations and transformations•And sophisticated graphical displaysWith over 2 million R users worldwide, R is increasingly being used as the statistical tool in the academic world. Many colleges and universities worldwide are using R today in their statistics classes. In addition, more and more corporate analysts are using R.R benefits from around 5000open-source packages, which can be thought of as a collection of related functions. This number grows continuously with new packages submissions from the R user community.Each package provides specialized functionality in such areas as bioinformatics and financial market analysis.In the slide, the list on the right shows “CRAN Task Views.” CRAN stands for the Comprehensive R Archive Network, which is a network of FTP and web servers that store identical, up-to-date versions of R code and documentation.The CRAN Task Views list areas of concentration for a set of packages. Each link contains information that is available on a wide range of topics.So, why do statisticians and data analysts use R?•As mentioned previously, R is a statistics language that is similar to SAS or SPSS.•R is a powerful and extensible environment, with a wide range of statistics and data visualization capabilities.-Powerful: Users can perform data analysis and visualization with a minimal amount of R code.-Extensible: Users can write their own R functions and packages that can be used locally, shared within their organizations, or shared with the broader R communitythrough CRAN.•It’s easy to install and use.•And it’s free and downloadable from the R Project website.Although it’s a powerful and effective statistical environment, R has limitations.First, R was conceived as a single-user tool that was not multithreaded. The client and server components are bundled together as a single executable, much like Excel.•R is limited by the memory and processing power of the machine on which it runs. •Also, R can’t automatically leverage the CPU capacity on a user’s multiprocessor laptop without special packages and programming.Second, R suffers from another scalability limitation that is associated with RAM.•R requires data that it operates on to be first loaded into memory.•In addition, R’s approach to passing data between function invocations results in data duplication. This “call by value” approach to parameter passing can use up memoryquickly.So inherently, R is really not designed for use with big data.Some users have provided packages to overcome some of the memory limitations, but the users must explicitly program with these packages.R provides a wealth of resources to help users, including:•Many R-related books that are available on the R project website•Many user groups and user conferences that are available to the R community •Online libraries of reusable code from the CRAN website•Documented R packages with sample data and codeNext, let’s examine several common user interfaces for R.First, let’s take a quick look at the interface that comes with open-source R by default, called the R Console.•This default open-source R graphical user interface (GUI) includes a command-line interface for running scripts or individual functions, as shown in the slide.•In addition, open-source R supports many third-party graphics packages.-In this example, we load a popular third-party graphics package named “ggplot2.”-Then, the graphics package is called from the R Console command line. The second qplot function call displays the graphic on the right.-Here, the qplot function is invoked on the mtchars data set, which comes with R. In the graph, we plot miles per gallon against weight, with the size of each dotindicating the number of cylinders.In addition to the default open-source R GUI, you can use a third-party integrated development environment (IDE), such as RStudio, which is shown in the slide.With RStudio:•You can use the upper-left pane to view R scripts and select portions of an R script for execution.•In the Console pane, you can execute R scripts or functions at the command line, in a similar fashion as the default R GUI.•You can execute selected portions of R scripts in the top window by clicking the Run button. With this method, selected lines are pasted into the Console pane and executed.•You can view graph results in the right pane. In this case, the Plots tab is selected.In this next view, the R script that we saw previously is displayed in the viewer window.•Here, the first portion of the script is selected. This code requests help on the gplot() function.•When the Run button is clicked, the selected code is pasted into the Console pane and then executed.•In the display pane, you can select (and switch between) different tabbed output views on the Files, Plots, Packages, and Help tabs. In this case, the Help tab is selected to display results from the R help command. In this final view, the last function in the R script is selected.•This same gplot() function was shown previously in the default R GUI.•The Run button is clicked and the code is executed. The Plots tab shows the current output. In fact, RStudio also lets you view previously generated plots.RStudio is only one of many third-party R IDEs.As shown in the table of this 2011 poll, RStudio is the second most commonly used interface, behind the built-in R console we looked at earlier. However, it’s often user preference that decides which IDE will be used.Data visualization helps convey information faster than most other means. The link shown in the slide is for the R Graph Gallery, where you can find a variety of graphic types for R.Here are a few examples of graphs in R. Of course, there are many others. Moving from left to right, and top to bottom, we show:• A box plot•Perspective graphs of mathematical surfaces•3-D scatter plots with points• A regression plane•Multivariate facet crafts•Smooth scatter plots•Venn diagrams•And even chromosome mappings from the bioconductor packageIn this final section of the lesson, you’ll learn about Oracle’s strategy for supporting the R community. This section includes the following topics:•Goals•Software term definitions•High- and mid-level architectural overviews•Software component features•R user-community definitionsScalability, performance, and production deployment are key requirements for the enterprise data analytics arena.•What may work fine on your laptop for thousands or even millions of rows, won’t scale to 100s of millions and billions of rows.•Similarly, performance may be adequate on smaller scale data, but will moving to “big data” allow you to keep up? The cost of moving data to a separate server can render an application unusable.•Finally, when you’ve finished your project in a lab environment, how easy is it to deploy that result into production?Each of these requirements are met by Oracle’s strategy for supporting the R community.Oracle’s goal for supporting open-source R is to deliver enterprise-level advanced analytics based on the R environment. The strategy is implemented through the release of the following Oracle technologies:•Oracle R Enterprise (ORE), which is part of the Oracle Advanced Analytics option for Oracle Database 12c and 11g, release 2. ORE contains a statistics engine, andprovides transparent access to database-resident data from R, as you will learn in this tutorial series.•Oracle R distribution, which supports configurations of open-source R on various platforms. In addition, Oracle contributes bug fixes and enhancements to open-source R.•ROracle, the open-source Oracle database interface for R.•Oracle R Advanced Analytics for Hadoop, or ORAAH, provides an R interface to an Oracle Hadoop cluster on the BDA ,and also to non-Oracle Hadoop clusters. It enables you to access and manipulate data in the Hadoop Distributed File System, in the Oracle Database, and on the file system.Now, let’s examine an architectural view of ORE.•The R workspace console may be the default R GUI or any of the third-party R GUIs.Users execute R scripts here.•Then, the ORE transparency layer intercepts functions that operate on database tables or views. It translates the request into SQL for execution in Oracle Database fortransformations and statistical computations. In Oracle Database, the statistics engine consists of native database functionality that leverages SQL and the various database management system (DBMS) packages, as well as enhancements that are specific to ORE.•Finally, the results can be leveraged by enterprise systems, such as Oracle Business Intelligence Enterprise Edition (OBIEE), or web services-based applications.This design results in:•No changes to the R user experience in the development environment•The ability to scale to large data sets in the production environment•And, the ability to embed results in operational systems, such as Oracle OBIEE DashboardsThis architectural view illustrates how ORE can work with Oracle R Advanced Analytics for Hadoop. ORAAH enables native R access to the Hadoop cluster for both: •MapReduce programming in R, and•Access to Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) data, in either the Big Data Appliance (as shown in the slide), or non-Oracle Hadoop clustersOracle Big Data Appliance has been mentioned a couple of time so far in this lesson. So, what is it? Oracle BDA:•Is an optimized solution for storing and integrating low-density data into Exadata.•Is a preintegrated configuration with 18 of Oracle's Sun servers that include InfiniBand and Ethernet connectivity to simplify implementation and management.•Has the Cloudera distribution, including Apache Hadoop to acquire and organize data, along with Oracle NoSQL Database Community Edition to acquire data.•Includes additional system software: Oracle Linux, Oracle Java Hotspot Virtual Machine, and an open-source distribution of R.Oracle Big Data Connectors is an option for BDA. It consists of:•Oracle Loader for Hadoop•Oracle Data Integrator Application Adapter for Hadoop•Oracle Direct Connector for HDFS•Oracle R Advanced Analytics for HadoopYou can use ORAAH to access data in Exadata, and perform R calculations on HDFS data by using scalable map-reduce methods.Now, let’s take a brief look at the components of Oracle R Enterprise. From a software perspective, ORE consists of R packages, database libraries, and SQL extensions.We’ll divide the features into three main groups: the Transparency Layer, the Statistics Engine, and SQL extensions.The Transparency Layer is a set of packages that map R data types to Oracle Database objects.•This feature automatically generates SQL for R expressions on mapped data types, enabling direct interaction with data in Oracle Database while using R languageconstructs.•Functionally, this mapping provides access to database tables from R as a type of data.frame: a base R data representation with rows and columns. ORE calls this an“ore.frame.”•Therefore, when you invoke an R function on an ore.frame, the R operation is sent to the database for execution as SQL.The Statistics Engine is a database library that supports a variety of statistical computations. This engine includes existing in-database advanced analytics and new features added specifically in ORE.SQL extensions enable in-database embedded R execution, which is particularly valuable for third-party R packages, or custom functions, that do not have equivalent in-databaseIf we look at ORE from the perspective of a collaborative execution model, it leverages three layers of computational engines.The first one is the client (or user) R engine, which resides on the desktop.•This R engine consists of the base R packages, the ORE packages, and any other R packages that the user may have installed.•At this level, the Transparency Layer intercepts R functions for in-database execution.•It also enables interactive display of graphical results, while flow control remains with the R environment.•From the client, users can submit entire R scripts for execution by Oracle Database, using embedded R execution.•And, although not explicitly depicted here, users can connect to a Hadoop Cluster by using Oracle R Connector for Hadoop.The second compute engine is Oracle Database.•This database allows scaling to large data sets.•R users are able to access tables, views, and external tables, as well as data that is accessible through database links.•The SQL generator through the Transparency Layer can automatically leverage database parallelism.•It can also leverage both new and existing in-database statistical and data mining capabilities.The third compute engine (or engines) are those spawned and managed by Oracle Database, and they execute on the database server machine.•These embedded R engines enable more efficient data transfer between the database and R.•Because these engines run on the database server, rather than on the client, they are likely to have greater memory capacity and compute power. Exadata is an example.•The embedded R execution enables parallel data transfer, returning rich XML or PNG image output, SQL access to R, and the ability to run parallel simulations.•The embedded R engines also enable use of 3rd party packages or custom functions that do not have in-database SQL equivalent functionality.•The engines also enable R users to write and test map-reduce scripts before rolling them out to a Hadoop cluster.•Finally, these engines enable “lights-out” execution of R scripts; that is, scheduling or triggering R script packages inside a SQL or PL/SQL query.The ORE target environment design provides a comprehensive, database-centric environment for end-to-end analytic processes in R, with immediate deployment to production environments. It provides many benefits, including:•Elimination of R client engine memory constraint•Execution of R scripts through the Oracle Database server machine for scalability and performance•Seamless integration of Oracle Database as the HPC environment for R scripts, providing data parallelism and resource management•The ability to operationalize entire R scripts in production applications•Scoring of R models in Oracle DatabaseR and ORE can receive data from many sources. In this figure, we depict the R engine running on the user’s laptop, as shown in the previous slide.Through a series of R packages, R itself is able to access data stored in both files, and in databases.In addition, ORE provides transparent access to data stored in the local Oracle Database, as we previously discussed.In addition, ORE has access to:•Data in other databases, which are accessible through database links•Data in external tables•And, of course, data in HDFS. In addition to bulk import, ORE makes it possible to access Hadoop directly, in a similar fashion to external tables, by using HDFS connect.This means that you can join Hadoop data with database data.Here are a few resources on Oracle R related technology.So, in this lesson, we covered three primary topics.•First, you learned what R is, who uses it, and why they use it.•Then, we looked at some common user interfaces for R.•Finally, we discussed Oracle’s strategy for supporting the R community, including an overview of goals, definitions of software terms, high- and mid-level architecture,software component features, and R user-community definitions.You’ve just completed “Introducing Oracle R Enterprise”. Please move on to the next lesson in the series: “Getting Started with ORE”.。

Oracle外包设定及操作Carlyan鸣谢：老孔，香山破缸前言 (2)治理需求 (2)解决思路 (2)具体步骤 (3)基础设置 (3)创建OSP ITEM (3)设置WIP PARAMETERS (4)创建外协资源 (5)资源分配给部门 (5)创建BOM (7)创建ROUTING (7)操作步骤 (9)开立JOB (9)事务处理 (10)创建Requisition (10)创建Purchase Order (13)挑库发放 (14)收料 (17)事务处理 (18)物料倒扣 (18)查看半成品的完工状况 (19)查看原料的使用状况 (19)前言制造业中，绝大多数的企业只生产少量的半成品，其余的半成品要么交付给其它供应商生产（通称为外协、外协加工、委外、托外加工），要么干脆直截了当从供应商处采购。

至于二者之间如何区分本文不作详述。

本文拟就代工不代料的外协加工情形作分析，并给出在Oracle EBS系统实现的方法和步骤。

治理需求需要清晰地了解目前工厂尚有多少原材料存放在供应商处，接收了多少供应商加工好的半成品。

解决思路通常情形下，代工不代料的作业，常依据订单的情形或者说是工厂生产指令的成品数量，领取通过BOM分解出来的原材料的使用数量，发送到外协供应商处。

同时附上外协采购订单，注明加工费用和数量，以及交货日期。

厂商加工完成后，将半成品送达工厂。

资材部门依据外协采购单进行收料，经检验合格后投入生产现场生产。

在Oracle EBS系统中，能够创建OSP ITEM来表示外协加工之后的半成品，外协费用能够归结到此ITEM上。

为了治理存放在供应商处的物料，能够建立一个虚拟的仓库，当原材料发送到供应商处时，在系统中，就将此部分物料移转到此虚拟仓。

此虚拟仓能够直截了当用线边仓（WIP PARAMETERS中设定），也能够在工单中指定专门的外协仓库，即该工单上pull类型物料的发料仓库。

外协加工产品送到工厂，生产线工作由外协工作站移转到下一站时，原材料能够自动倒扣（供应类型设为operation pull）。

Oracle数据库设计与优化技巧分享Chapter 1: Introduction to Oracle Database DesignIn this chapter, we will discuss the fundamentals of Oracle database design. We will delve into the importance of proper database design and its impact on performance and efficiency. Furthermore, we will explore the different components of an Oracle database and the various design considerations that need to be taken into account.Section 1.1: Importance of Database DesignA well-designed database is crucial for efficient data storage, retrieval, and management. It ensures data integrity, reduces redundancy, and provides a solid foundation for application development. We will discuss the advantages of a well-designed database and the potential consequences of poor design choices.Section 1.2: Components of an Oracle DatabaseOracle databases consist of several key components, including tablespaces, datafiles, tables, indexes, and views. We will explore each component in detail and discuss their roles and relationships within the database architecture.Chapter 2: Oracle Database Design TechniquesIn this chapter, we will delve deeper into the techniques and best practices for designing an Oracle database. We will cover topics suchas normalization, denormalization, indexing strategies, partitioning, and data modeling.Section 2.1: Normalization and DenormalizationNormalization is a fundamental database design technique used to eliminate data redundancy and ensure data consistency. We will discuss the different normalization forms (1NF, 2NF, 3NF, etc.) and demonstrate how to apply them to achieve an optimal database design. Additionally, we will explore situations where denormalization can be beneficial and when it should be avoided.Section 2.2: Indexing StrategiesIndexes play a crucial role in query performance optimization. We will discuss the different types of indexes supported by Oracle databases, such as B-tree indexes, bitmap indexes, and function-based indexes. Furthermore, we will cover indexing guidelines and best practices to ensure efficient query execution.Section 2.3: PartitioningPartitioning is a technique used to divide large tables or indexes into smaller, more manageable parts. We will explore the different partitioning methods offered by Oracle, such as range partitioning, list partitioning, and hash partitioning. Additionally, we will discuss the benefits of partitioning, including improved query performance and simplified data maintenance.Section 2.4: Data ModelingData modeling is the process of defining the structure and relationships of the data within a database. We will discuss the importance of data modeling in Oracle database design and explore various modeling techniques, such as entity-relationship (ER) modeling and dimensional modeling. Moreover, we will cover best practices for creating an effective and flexible data model.Chapter 3: Oracle Database Optimization TechniquesIn this chapter, we will focus on optimization techniques for improving the performance and efficiency of an Oracle database. We will discuss topics such as query optimization, SQL tuning, caching mechanisms, and performance monitoring.Section 3.1: Query OptimizationQuery optimization is the process of selecting the most efficient execution plan for a given query. We will discuss the role of the Oracle optimizer and how it determines the execution plan. Additionally, we will explore techniques for improving query performance, such as creating appropriate indexes, rewriting SQL statements, and utilizing hints.Section 3.2: SQL TuningSQL tuning involves analyzing and optimizing SQL statements to improve performance. We will discuss tools and techniques foridentifying performance bottlenecks, such as the SQL Tuning Advisor and the SQL Access Advisor. Furthermore, we will cover strategies for optimizing SQL statements, such as rewriting queries, adding appropriate indexes, and using efficient join techniques.Section 3.3: Caching MechanismsCaching mechanisms, such as the buffer cache and shared pool, play a crucial role in Oracle database performance. We will discuss the purpose and functioning of these caching mechanisms and explore strategies for optimizing their configuration and usage. Additionally, we will cover the benefits of using result caching and the use of materialized views for query optimization.Section 3.4: Performance MonitoringEfficient performance monitoring is essential for identifying and resolving performance issues in a timely manner. We will discuss various performance monitoring tools and techniques provided by Oracle, such as Oracle Enterprise Manager and AWR (Automatic Workload Repository) reports. Furthermore, we will explore methods for analyzing and interpreting performance metrics to identify bottlenecks and optimize database performance.Chapter 4: ConclusionIn this final chapter, we will summarize the key points discussed throughout the article. We will emphasize the importance of a well-designed and optimized Oracle database and highlight the benefits itbrings to organizations. Finally, we will conclude by encouraging readers to apply the techniques and best practices shared to enhance their database design and optimization skills.。

Application and developmentOf case based reasoning in fixture designFixtures are devices that serve as the purpose of holding the workpiece securely and accurately, and maintaining a consistent relationship with respect to the tools while machining. Because the fixture structure depends on the feature of the product and the status of the process planning in the enterprise, its design is the bottleneck during manufacturing, which restrains to improve the efficiency and leadtime. And fixture design is a complicated process, based on experience that needs comprehensive qualitative knowledge about a number of design issues including workpiece configuration, manufacturing processes involved, and machining environment. This is also a very time consuming work when using traditional CAD tools (such as Unigraphics, CATIA or Pro/E), which are good at performing detailed design tasks, but provide few benefits for taking advantage of the previous design experience and resources, which are precisely the key factors in improving the efficiency. The methodology of case based reasoning (CBR) adapts the solution of a previously solved case to build a solution for a new problem with the following four steps: retrieve, reuse, revise, and retain [1]. This is a more useful method than the use of an expert system to simulate human thought because proposing a similar case and applying a few modifications seems to be self explanatory and more intuitive to humans .So various case based design support tools have been developed for numerous areas[2-4], such as in injection molding and design, architectural design, die casting die design, process planning, and also in fixture design. Sun used six digitals to compose the index code that included workpiece shape, machine portion, bushing, the 1st locating device, the 2nd locating device and clamping device[5]. But the system cannot be used for other fixture types except for drill fixtures, and cannot solve the problem of storage of the same index code that needs to be retained, which is very important in CBR[6].1. Construction of a Case Index and Case Library1.1 Case indexThe case index should be composed of all features of the workpiece, which are distinguished from different fixtures. Using all of them would make the operation in convenient. Because the forms of the parts are diverse, and the technology requirements of manufacture in the enterprise also develop continuously, lots of features used as the case index will make the search rate slow, and the main feature unimportant, for the reason that the relative weight which is allotted to every feature must diminish. And on the other hand, it is hard to include all the features in the case index.1.2 Hierarchical form of CaseThe structure similarity of the fixture is represented as the whole fixture similarity, components similarity and component similarity. So the whole fixture case library, components case library, component case library of fixture are formedcorrespondingly. Usually design information of the whole fixture is composed of workpiece information and workpiece procedure information, which represent the fixture satisfying the specifically designing function demand. The whole fixture case is made up of function components, which are described by the function components’ names and numbers. The components case represents the members. (function component and other structure components，main driven parameter, the number, and their constrain relations.) The component case (the lowest layer of the fixture) is the structure of function component and other components. In the modern fixture design there are lots of parametric standard parts and common non standard parts. So the component case library should record the specification parameter and the way in which it keeps them.2. Strategy of Case RetrievalIn the case based design of fixtures ,the most important thing is the retrieval of the similarity, which can help to obtain the most similar case, and to cut down the time of adaptation. According to the requirement of fixture design, the strategy of case retrieval combines the way of the nearest neighbor and knowledge guided. That is, first search on depth, then on breadth; the knowledge guided strategy means to search on the knowledge rule from root to the object, which is firstly searched by the fixture type, then by the shape of the workpiece, thirdly by the locating method. For example, if the case index code includes the milling fixture of fixture type, the search is just for all milling fixtures, then for box of workpiece shape, the third for 1plane+ 2pine of locating method. If there is no match of it, then the search stops on depth, and returns to the upper layer, and retrieves all the relative cases on breadth.2.1 Case adaptationThe modification of the analogical case in the fixture design includes the following three cases:1) The substitution of components and the component;2) Adjusting the dimension of components and the component while the form remains;3) The redesign of the model.If the components and component of the fixture are common objects, they can be edited, substituted and deleted with tools, which have been designed.2.2 Case storageBefore saving a new fixture case in the case library, the designer must consider whether the saving is valuable. If the case does not increase the knowledge of the system, it is not necessary to store it in the case library. If it is valuable, then the designer must analyze it before saving it to see whether the case is stored as a prototype case or as reference case. A prototype case is a representation that can describe the main features of a case family. A case family consists of those cases whose index codes have the same first 13 digits and different last three digits in the case library. The last three digits of a prototype case are always “000”. A reference case belongs to the same family as the prototype case and is distinguished by the different last three digits.From the concept that has been explained, the following strategies are adopted:1) If a new case matches any existing case family, it has the same first 13 digits as an existing prototype case, so the case is not saved because it is represented well by the prototype case. Or is just saved as a reference case (the last 3 digits are not “000”, and not the same with others) in the case library.2) If a new case matches any existing case family and is thought to be better at representing this case family than the previous prototype case, then the prototype case is substituted by this new case, and the previous prototype case is saved as a reference case.3) If a new case does not match any existing case family, a new case family will be generated automatically and the case is stored as the prototype case in the case library.3. ConclusionCBR, as a problem solving methodology, is a more efficient method than an expert system to simulate human thought, and has been developed in many domains where knowledge is difficult to acquire. The advantages of the CBR are as follows: it resembles human thought more closely; the building of a case library which has self learning ability by saving new cases is easier and faster than the building of a rule library; and it supports a better transfer and explanation of new knowledge that is more different than the rule library. A proposed fixture design framework on the CBR has been implemented by using Visual C ++, UG/Open API in U n graphics with Oracle as database support, which also has been integrated with the 32D parametric common component library, common components library and typical fixture library. The prototype system, developed here, is used for the aviation project, and aids the fixture designers to improve the design efficiency and reuse previous design resources.基于事例推理的夹具设计研究与应用夹具是以确定工件安全定位准确为目的的装置，并在加工过程中保持工件与刀具或机床的位置一致不变。

Oracle体系结构就是围绕这张图展开的，要想深入了解oracle，就必须把这张图搞明白。

如图：一、基本组成：Oracle server：一般情况下是一个instance和一个database组成1个instance只能对应一个数据库。

特殊：1个数据库可以有多个instance（rac）一台服务器上同时可装多套版本的数据库软件，每个数据库软件可建多个数据库，但是每个数据库只对应一个instance，也可以理解成每个数据库只有一个SID 。

利用DBCA建出的每个库都是相对独立的，在同一服务器上如果创建多库必须将环境变量的参数文件做区分，并且在对实例切换时需如下操作：connect 用户名/密码@实例的服务名Oracle Instance：是由内存（SGA）和后台进程（backupground Process）组成通过instance来访问database一个实例只能打开一个数据库Oracle database：数据文件（Data files）：数据文件永远存储数据库的数据，包括数据字典、用户数据（表、索引、簇）、undo数据等重做日志（Redo log）：“先记后写”重做日志用于记录数据库的变化，当进行例程恢复或介质恢复时需要使用重做日志执行DDL或DML操作时，事物变化会被写到重做日志缓冲区，而在特定的时刻LGWR会将重做日志缓冲区中的内容写入重做日志。

控制文件（Control file）控制文件用于记录和维护数据库的物理结构，并且每个Oracle数据库至少要包含一个控制文件。

归档日志（Archive log）:是非活动（Inactive）重做日志的备份。

口令文件（Password file）:用于验证特权用户（具有SYSDBA、SYSOPER权限的特殊数据库用户）参数文件(Parameter file):用于定义启动实例所需要的初始化参数，包括文本参数文件（pfile）和服务器参数文件（spfile）（二进制文件放入裸设备，引入spfile）User and Server process ：在执行sql语句时产生的进程，每一个连接，oracle server创建一个session，产生一个server process，在client发起一个connection时就产生了一个user process。

同⾏评审过程描述同⾏评审过程描述1. Overview（概述）In a peer review, co-workers of a person who created a software work product examine that product to identify defects and correct shortcomings. A review: 在同⾏评审中，由软件⼯作产品创建者的同⾏们检查该⼯作产品，识别产品的缺陷，改进产品的不⾜。

评审：· v erifies whether the work product correctly satisfies the specifications found in any predecessor work product, such as requirements or design documents · 检验⼯作产品是否正确的满⾜了以往的⼯作产品中建⽴的规范，如需求或设计⽂档· identifies any deviation from standards, includ ing issues that may affect maintainability of the software· 识别⼯作产品相对于标准的偏差，包括可能影响软件可维护性的问题· suggests improvement opportunities to the author· 向创建者提出改进建议· promotes the exchange of techniques and education of the participa nts.· 促进参与者之间的技术交流和学习All interim and final development work products are candidates for review, including:所有中间和最终的开发⼯作产品都可以进⾏评审，包括：· requirements specifications· 需求规格说明书· user interface specifications a nd designs· ⽤户界⾯规范及设计· architecture, high-level design, and detailed designs and models· 架构，概要设计，详细设计及模型· source code· 源代码· test plans, designs, cases, and procedures· 测试计划，设计，⽤例及步骤· s oftware development plans, including project management plan, configuration management plan, and quality assurance plan· 软件开发计划，包括项⽬管理计划，配置管理计划和质量保证计划This document defines an overall peer review process. It includes procedures for conducting inspections and two types of informal peer review, a walkthrough and a passaround, as well as guidance for selecting the appropriate approach for each review.该⽂档定义了⼀个全⾯的同⾏评审过程。

建筑结构英文单词Building Structure。

Introduction:Building structure refers to the arrangement and integration of various components that provide stability and support to a building. It is a crucial aspect of architectural design, ensuring the safety and durability of the structure. This article will explore the key elements and concepts related to building structure, including foundation, load-bearing walls, beams, columns, and roof systems.Foundation:The foundation is the base of a building structure, transferring the load from the superstructure to the ground. It is typically constructed using concrete or masonry and is designed to distribute the load evenly. Common types of foundations include shallow foundations, such as strip foundations and raft foundations, and deep foundations, such as pile foundations and caissons. The choice of foundation depends on factors like soil conditions, building loads, and local regulations.Load-Bearing Walls:Load-bearing walls are an essential part of the building structure, responsible for carrying the vertical loads from the floors and roof down to the foundation. These walls are designed to resist compression forces and provide stability to the structure. Load-bearing walls are typically made of materials like concrete, masonry, or steel. In modern construction, load-bearing walls are often combined with non-load-bearing walls to create an efficient and flexible floor plan.Beams:Beams are horizontal structural members that support the weight of the structure above and transfer it to the load-bearing walls or columns. They are designed to resist bending and shear forces. Beams can be made of various materials, including wood, steel,and reinforced concrete. The choice of beam material depends on factors like span length, load requirements, and architectural preferences. Different types of beams, such as simply supported beams, cantilever beams, and continuous beams, are used based on the structural needs.Columns:Columns are vertical structural elements that provide support to the beams and transfer the load to the foundation. They are designed to resist compression forces and maintain the stability of the structure. Columns can be made of materials like concrete, steel, or composite materials. The shape and size of columns vary depending on the architectural design and load requirements. Common column shapes include rectangular, circular, and square.Roof Systems:The roof system is an integral part of the building structure, protecting the interior from weather elements and providing structural support. Different types of roof systems are used based on the architectural style, climate conditions, and construction materials. Common roof systems include flat roofs, pitched roofs, and arched roofs. The roof structure consists of elements like roof trusses, purlins, and sheathing, which work together to distribute the load evenly and provide stability.Conclusion:Building structure plays a vital role in ensuring the safety, durability, and functionality of a building. It involves the integration of various components, including foundation, load-bearing walls, beams, columns, and roof systems. Each element is carefully designed and constructed to withstand the loads and forces acting on the structure. By understanding the key concepts and principles of building structure, architects and engineers can create aesthetically pleasing and structurally sound buildings.。

技术框架英语The world of technology is constantly evolving, and with it, the need for robust and efficient frameworks to support the development and deployment of complex software systems. Technical frameworks have become an integral part of the software development process, providing developers with a structured approach to building applications that are scalable, maintainable, and secure. In this essay, we will explore the importance of technical frameworks and their role in the ever-changing landscape of technology.At the core of any successful software project lies a well-designed technical framework. These frameworks serve as the foundation upon which applications are built, providing a set of tools, libraries, and best practices that help developers streamline their workflow and ensure consistency across different components of the system. By leveraging the power of technical frameworks, developers can focus on the core functionality of their applications, rather than getting bogged down in the details of low-level implementation.One of the primary benefits of using a technical framework is theability to leverage pre-built functionality and libraries. Instead of reinventing the wheel for every new project, developers can tap into a wealth of resources that have been thoroughly tested and optimized for performance and reliability. This not only saves time and effort but also reduces the risk of introducing bugs or security vulnerabilities into the codebase.Another key advantage of technical frameworks is their ability to promote modularity and scalability. Well-designed frameworks encourage the use of modular architecture, where different components of the application are separated into distinct layers or modules. This approach makes it easier to maintain and update individual components without affecting the rest of the system, and it also facilitates the integration of new features or functionality as the application evolves.Moreover, technical frameworks often come with built-in support for common tasks, such as database integration, user authentication, and web service communication. By providing these functionalities out of the box, frameworks help developers focus on the unique aspects of their application, rather than having to reinvent the wheel for every new project.One of the most widely adopted technical frameworks in the world of web development is the Model-View-Controller (MVC) pattern.This architectural pattern, which has been implemented in various frameworks such as Ruby on Rails, Laravel, and MVC, separates the application logic into three distinct components: the model (which handles data management), the view (which handles the user interface), and the controller (which handles the flow of user input and application logic).The MVC pattern has become so popular because it promotes separation of concerns, making it easier to develop, maintain, and test complex web applications. By dividing the application logic into these three components, developers can work on different parts of the system independently, reducing the risk of introducing bugs or conflicts between different parts of the codebase.Another popular technical framework in the world of software development is the React library, which has become a dominant force in the world of front-end web development. React, developed and maintained by Facebook, is a JavaScript library that enables developers to build reusable user interface components and manage the state of those components efficiently.One of the key features of React is its use of a virtual DOM (Document Object Model), which allows the library to efficiently update the actual DOM (the representation of the web page in the browser) without having to redraw the entire page. This approach,known as "reconciliation," helps to improve the performance and responsiveness of web applications, making them feel more like native applications.In addition to web development, technical frameworks have also become increasingly important in the field of mobile app development. Frameworks like React Native, Flutter, and Xamarin have emerged as popular choices for building cross-platform mobile applications that can run on both iOS and Android devices.These frameworks provide developers with a set of tools and libraries that abstract away the low-level details of mobile app development, allowing them to focus on building high-quality, feature-rich applications that can be deployed across multiple platforms. By leveraging the power of these technical frameworks, developers can save time and resources, while also ensuring that their applications are consistent and well-integrated across different mobile operating systems.In the realm of data science and machine learning, technical frameworks have also become essential tools for researchers and practitioners. Frameworks like TensorFlow, PyTorch, and Scikit-learn provide developers with a rich set of tools and libraries for building and deploying complex machine learning models, from simple linear regressions to advanced deep neural networks.These frameworks not only make it easier to experiment with different algorithms and techniques but also provide a standardized way of organizing and sharing code, making it easier for researchers to collaborate and build upon each other's work. Additionally, many of these frameworks offer built-in support for distributed computing and GPU acceleration, allowing developers to scale their models and leverage the power of modern hardware for faster training and inference.As the world of technology continues to evolve, the importance of technical frameworks will only continue to grow. Developers and organizations will need to stay informed about the latest advancements in these frameworks, and be willing to adapt and adopt new technologies as they emerge. By embracing the power of technical frameworks, software developers can build more robust, scalable, and efficient applications that can keep pace with the ever-changing demands of the digital landscape.In conclusion, technical frameworks have become an essential component of modern software development, providing developers with a structured and efficient way to build, deploy, and maintain complex software systems. From web development to mobile app development and data science, these frameworks have revolutionized the way we approach software engineering, enablingdevelopers to focus on the core functionality of their applications while leveraging the power of pre-built tools and libraries. As the technology landscape continues to evolve, the importance of technical frameworks will only continue to grow, making them an indispensable part of the modern software development ecosystem.。