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Unit 1 A land of diversity[导语] 美国有个别称叫“大熔炉”，那么你知道美国为什么会有此别称吗？它代表着什么意思呢？The United States of America－the melting pot Did you ever wonder why the United States is called a melting pot? Do you know what it means to call this country a melting pot?This great land has been attracting people from all over the world since its independence from British rule in 1783 at the end of the Revolutionary War.They came to this country leaving behind their homeland in order to make a better life for themselves.The Constitution of the United States starts with the words “We the people...”．This is what the country is all about.“We the people”are from Asia, Europe, South America, from every corner of the world.People have come and are still coming to this great country to become an American.This privilege ofbecoming a citizen should not be taken lightly.Becoming a citizen gives you the right to life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness，this being our Declaration of Independence.The pride of becoming a legal citizen and enjoying the freedoms that come with it is a dream for all the immigrants that come here.The results of the melting pot are American citizens who become part of the history of this nation，who become the defenders of freedom and who bring their own individual talents and culture to melt into this great society.We are Asian Americans，Euro Americans, Mid Eastern Americans，or Afro Americans.We are all Americans under the red，white and blue flag.[词海拾贝]1．constitution n．宪法2．liberty n．自由3．pursuit n．追求4．immigrant n．移民[问题思考]1．Why did people come to USA leaving behind their homeland?_______________________________________________________ 2．Where do the immigrants of the US，come from?_______________________________________________________ 答案：1.Because they wanted to make a better life for themselves.2．They are from Asia，Europe，South America，from every corner of the world.Ⅰ.为单词选择正确的释义1．Arctic A．插入；嵌入2．ministry B．权威；权力3．federal C．申请人4．aircraft D．移民；移民入境5．immigration E．售票员；列车员；指挥6．nephew F．联邦制的；同盟的7．applicant G．关切的；体贴的；深思的8．conductor H．处罚；惩罚9．punishment I．侄子；外甥10．authority J．飞行器；航空器；飞机11．thoughtful K．北极的；北极区的12．insert L．(政府的)部；神职；牧师的职位答案：1－K 2－L 3－F 4－J 5－D 6－I 7－C8－E 9－H 10－B 11－G 12－AⅡ.根据所给汉语提示写出单词1．________ n．海峡2．________ n．方法；手段3．________ n．横渡；横越；十字路口；人行横道4．________ n. & adj.代理；副职5．________ n．海关；关税；进口税6．________ vi.发生；出现7．________ vt.& vi.刮；剃8．________ n．闸；刹车；制动器9．________ n．角；角度10．________ n．正义；公平11．________ adj. 公民的；国内的；民间的答案：1.strait 2.means 3.crossing 4.vice 5.customs 6．occur 7.shave 8.brake 9.angle 10.justice 11.civilⅢ.根据英语释义写出单词1．________：clearly different or of a different kind2．________：the largest part of a group of people or things3．________：a situation that is difficult and unpleasantbecause you do not have enough money，food，clothes，etc.4．________：to choose somebody to do a particular job by voting for them5．________：the number，amount，rate of something，expressed as if it is part of a total which is 1006．________：happening or existing between people of different races7．________：a sudden increase in trade and economic activity；a period of wealth and success8．________：suggest the possibility of sth9．________：clearly seen; obvious10．________：allow using sth by giving some money11．________：seize (sb/sth) with hand or understand (sth) fully 12．________：grateful13．________：be in deep sorrow14．________：make sth better by changing15．________：not anywhere答案：1.distinct 2.majority 3.hardship 4.elect5．percentage 6.racial 7.boom 8.indicate9．apparent 10.hire 11.grasp 12.thankful13．mourn 14.reform 15.nowhereⅣ.选用正确短语的适当形式完成句子1．The government has taken measures to make this custom ________．2．It's not easy to ________ in a new city.3．Will the fine weather ________？4．________ people prefer peace to war.5．The man succeeded ________ working twice as hard as others.6．I'll have finished my homework ________ you come.7．______________ of school books now have pictures.8．______________ an album，I gave him a pen and a pencil.9．____________________ at least a score of buildings were damaged or destroyed.10．I think ________________ he will arrive tomorrow.答案：1.live on 2.make a life 3.keep up 4.The majority of 5．by means of 6.by the time 7.A large percentage8．In addition to 9.It was believed that10．it is likely that课文表层理解Ⅰ.判断正(T)误(F)1．California is the largest state in the USA and has the largest population.( )2．The native Americans are treated well after the arrival of Europeans.( )3．Of the first Spanish to go to California，the majority were religious men.( )4．In the early 1800s，Russians began settling in California.( )5．In the late 19th century，Chinese immigrants arrived in California.( )答案：1.F 2.F 3.T 4.T 5.FⅡ.读课文，完成表格答案：1.Americans ns 3.Suffered greatly4．the natives' land 5. part of Mexico 6.18467．Russians 8.California 9.gold 10.1850课文深层理解Ⅰ.主旨匹配Part 1(Para.1) A．The history about people from different countries moving to California.Part 2(Paras.2～9) B．The future of California.Part 3(Para.10) C．A brief introduction to California.答案：Part 1—C Part 2—A Part 3—BⅡ.单项选择1．Which of the following is NOT true about the Gold Rush?A．Only a few people became rich in the Gold Rush.B．Many people died in the Gold Rush.C．It happened during the American－Mexican war.D．South Americans were among the first to arrive to look for gold.2．How many kinds of people are mentioned in this text?A．4. B．5. C．6. D．7.3．What's the main reason that Chinese immigrants came to California?A．For gold.B．For the building of the railway.C．To open restaurants.D．To live in the Chinatown.4．It can be inferred that ________．A．European and Jewish people came to make films in Hollywood, CaliforniaB．people from Mexico came to work in the ship and aircraft industriesC．Indians and Pakistanis are good at making computersD．there will be more racial or cultural groups because more people are arriving in California5．What's the topic of this passage about?A．The culture of California. B．The history of California.C．The population of California. D．The history of the USA.答案：1.C 2.C 3.B 4.D 5.BⅢ.领会下列句子所用的句型并尝试译成汉语1．However，it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago._______________________________________________________ 2．It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA，having attracted people from all over the world._______________________________________________________3. Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California，no one really knows._______________________________________________________ 4．That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language._______________________________________________________ 5．It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups，but simply a mixture of many races and cultures._______________________________________________________ 答案：1．然而，美洲土著人可能至少在15 000年以前就生活在加利福尼亚州了。
2019学年度人教版选修八Unit 1 A land of diversityPeriod1Reading学案基础测试：Ⅰ. 单词拼写1. After the arrival of the Europeans, the native people were forced into s .2. You have difficulty in moving to America, because the rules of i are rather strict for the foreigners.3. Only a few of them thought highly of the plan. The m were against it.4. Obama was e as the forty four president of the United States.5. The rural r has achieved good results, and there has been a noticeable change in the countryside.6. My uncle h two people to help him in harvest last autumn.7. I was in half the way when it suddenly (想到) to me that I had left my notebook home.8. (显然地)，he was mistaken about by the others.9. It is believed that before long the mix of (国籍) will be very large.10. I was one of the （申请人）for the job.Ⅱ. 用方框内所给的短语的适当形式填空take off/take up/take in/take on1. The city has been developing very fast and it has a new look.2. The old man the story at this point.3. Don’t be by products promising to make you lose weight quickly.4. The plane for Beijing at four o’clock.Ⅲ. 完成句子1. 我突然想起今晚我该拜访汤姆。
2019学年度人教版选修八Unit 1 A land of diversityPeriod 1: A sample lesson plan for reading教案设计(CALIFORNIA)AimsTo help students develop their reading abilityTo help students learn about land of diversityTo help students revise noun clausesProceduresI. Warming up by talking about CaliforniaCalifornia is a state located on the west coast ofthe United States. It is by far the most populousstate in the U.S., as well as the most physicallydiverse, with the highest and the lowest points inthe lower 48 states located within 150 miles ofeach other. If California were an independentnation, it wouldhave the fifth largest economy in the world (afterthe rest of the U.S., Japan, Germany, and Britain;see economy of California). The state's officialnickname is "The Golden State" in reference to California's 1849 Gold Rush. [1] California's U.S. postal abbreviation is CA, and its Associated Press abbreviation is Calif.II. Pre-readingLook at the pictures on page 1. Discuss them in pairs.The famous Hollywood sign, a symbol of the city's world famous entertainment culture.Silicon Valley is a commonly used nickname for the southern part of the San Francisco Bay Area in northern California, USA, originally referring to the concentration of silicon chip innovators and manufacturers, but eventually becoming a metaphor for the entire concentration of high tech businesses.III. ReadingRead the text to: cut/ the sentence into thought groups, blacken the predicates, darken the connectives and underline all the useful expressions.IV. Copying and making sentencesYou are asked to copy all the useful expressions into your notebook after class as homework. YouV. Transferring informationNow you are going to the text again to note down the most important events in the CaliforniaVI. Reading the text again to draw a diagram of it and retell the story in your own wordsVII. Closing down by writing a history accountTo end this period you are to write a history account of your own city. You are required to use the。
2019学年度人教版选修八Unit 1 A land of diversity单元测试试卷之二第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
AQuick TalkIn the exciting thriller Baby Driver, the actor and DJ, Ansel Elgort, 23, plays a music-obsessed (对音乐着迷的) getaway driver trying to escape from a life of crime.Your character gets turned on to new music from iPods he finds in stolen cars. Who has influenced your taste?Eve Beglarian, a composer (作曲家) and friend of my mother’s, made me my first iPod (playlist). One of the songs was Easy by the Commodores. The auditions (试演) for Baby Driver weren’t going well, and director Edgar Wright said,“Do you know any songs that you know every word to?” I remembered Easy. He said, “When you’re ready, I want you to sing it.” He told me that that was what got me the role. I guess I have to thank Eve.At times the movie plays like a very complex music video.They filmed very rhythmically. If I wasn’t wearing earphones, I was wearing an earwig —like a radio, but it’s tiny and you can he ar things in your ear. Whatever the audience hears, we heard while filming.How much did you get to drive?They only let me drive when no one else was in the car, so that wasn’t often. They didn’t want me to kill Jamie Foxx.You’re known for your brave and confident fashion choices. When did you start caring about style?I must have been in the sixth grade. I wore the same red Adidas sweatpants every day, a white T-shirt and blue shoes. I was like a cartoon character.After young-adult films like The Fault in Our Stars and Divergent, were you eager to be in a more adult film?I don’t look at The Fault in Our Stars as a teenage movie. I looked at it like, this is a great script (剧本) and a good character, and I was excited to do it. But of course I was looking forward to being part of a “real” movie. If it meant working with Kevin Spacey, Jamie Foxx and Jon Hamm, sign me up.21. What helped Ansel get the role in Baby Driver?A. Edgar’s suggestion.B. Eve’s recommendation.C. His excellence in driving.D. His performance of a song.22. What do we know about Ansel?A. He is pretty stylish.B. He likes cartoon films.C. He is a driving enthusiast.D. He has starred in two films.23. How does Ansel find the movie The Fault in Our Stars?A. It’s encouraging.B. It’s worth seeing.C. There’s no film worse than it.D. There’s room for improvement.BImagine telling Einstein to stop studying physics. Imagine telling Picasso to stop painting. Could they stop doing the things they loved? This is what people tried to do to Sophie Germain.Sophie’s love was mathematics. She fell in love with it when she was only 13 years old and decided to become a mathematician. However, it was very unusual for a girl from a middle-class family to study math in the early eighteenth century in France.Sophie’s parents wanted her to be like other girls. When she studied math, they tried to stop her. Sophie didn’t want to stop. She studied secretly at night, bycandlelight, when her parents slept. Sophie’s parents found out, and they took away her candles. That didn’t stop Sophie. She found more candles. Finally, her parents decided to let Sophie study.When Sophie was 18 years old, a school for mathematician opened in Paris. Sophie couldn’t take classes there because it was for men only. However, she didn’t let this discrimination (歧视) against women stop her. She started writing letters to math professors at the school. She asked them questions, and she wrote about her ideas. However, she didn’t sign her own name on the letters. She used a man’s name, Monsieur LeBlanc. This idea worked, and the professors responded to her letters. After a while, one professor asked to meet the brilliant (杰出的) Monsieur LeBlanc. Imagine his surprise! Monsieur LeBlanc was a woman. The professor didn’t tell anyone. He kept Sophie’s secret.Sophie is famous for her excellent work on a difficult math problem that was a challenge for many other mathematicians. She is also famous for her studies of metal as a building material. Years later, engineers used her ideas to build skyscrapers (摩天大楼), such as the Eiffel Tower in Paris, Sophie’s hometown.Today, on the base of the Eiffel Tower, there are 72 names of brilliant French scientists and mathematicians. These people all made great contributions to the world. However, th ere’s one important name that’s missing: Sophie Germain.24. What was Sophie’s parents’ first reaction to her love for math?A. They disagreed on it.B. They gave it their full support.C. They considered it as childish.D. They pretended not to know about it.25. How did Sophie manage to keep in touch with some mathematicians?A. She signed a male name.B. She was dressed as a man.C. She told them of her love for math.D. She sent them her published essays.26. Which of the following can best describe Sophie?A. Honest and responsible.B. Ambitious and sensitive.C. Determined and talented.D. Patient and single-minded.27. What does the author suggest about Sophie in the last paragraph?A. Her ideas influenced 72 scientists.B. Her efforts were widely recognized.C. Her contribution deserved a mention.D. Her name was written on the Eiffel Tower.CThe island of Cuba is no bigger than Pennsylvania. Yet when it comes to nature, the island is one of the most important places on the planet. That is the message of ¡Cuba!, an exhibit that opened in November at the American Museum of Natural History (AMNH), in New York City.“The biodiversity (生物多样性) of Cuba is part of Cuban identity,” Ana Luz Porzecanski says. She is the director of the Center for Biodiversity and Conservation at AMNH and one of the two curators (a person in charge of a museum exhibit) of the exhibit.Detailed recreations of four habitats transport typical parts of Cuba’s landscapes and seascapes to New York. They include ancient caves and a network of reefs (珊瑚礁). One area features live anole lizards, a Cuban tree frog, and a Cuban boa.Cuba boasts more than 6,500 species of plants, 161 kinds of reptiles, 65 types of amphibians, 42 species of mammals, and 367 bird species. One of those is the bee hummingbird. Weighing far less than an ounce (about 28 grams), it is the smallest bird on Earth.Much of the wildlife found in Cuba exists only there. That gives scientists a unique opportunity to study how plants and animals develop and survive.“Cuba is a very exciting place for us to look at all these different processes,” says Christopher Raxworthy. He is in charge of one department of the museum and a cocurator of the exhibit. “But that also creates great challenges for conservation.”Climate chang e is threatening Cuba’s wildlife. Some species may even disappear. The country is taking steps to protect its plants and animals. But AMNH hopes ¡Cuba!will show how important the country’s natural world is to everyone.28. What can be known about ¡Cuba!?A. It shows Cuba’s rich biodiversity.B. It compares the islands on the planet.C. It features Cuba’s social development.D. It opens in a museum in Pennsylvania.29. What does the underlined word “boasts” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. Increases.B. Needs.C. Has.D. Expects.30. What does Christopher find challenging?A. To organize the exhibition.B. To observe plants and animals.C. To study the unique species of Cuba.D. To protect the native wildlife of Cuba.31. What is the best title for the text?A. Cuba fights climate changeB. Travel from Cuba to AmericaC. Wildlife conservation faces threatD. AMNH’s Cuba exhibit explores biodiversityDAs Antarctic ice continues to melt at an alarming rate, scientists warn that the well-being of penguins native to the area is becoming increasingly threatened.According to a new report, the welfare and existence of at least half of the world’s 18 penguin species will be badly affected if the warming of the Antarctic Peninsula continues. Experts say that a big part of the problem is related to food: Less ice means less krill (磷虾), a cornerstone (基石) of the Antarctic ecosystem and a mainstay of a penguin’s diet.“When you look at all penguins they are largely in trouble,” said Oxford University penguinologist Tom Hart, who spends a few months every year observing penguins along the Antarctic coast. “We’re so concerned because we’re seeing great changes to their populations. They’re probably not going to go extinct anytime soon, but the environment is changing ver y fast.”Emperor penguins, Adelies and chinstraps, for example, live entirely in the Antarctic. According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), both emperor penguins and Adelies are considered “near threatened.” Even populations of chinstraps, not usually considered a vulnerable (易危的) species, have “declined by up to 50 percent in the last 30 years,” Hart said. “The general public doesn’t realize that penguin populations are declining so fast.”In an interview with the BBC in 2009, Professor Hart warned that emperor penguins could face near-extinction by the end of the century if global warming continued at its present rate.“Regardless of their environmental preferences, we see a connection between climate change and penguin populations through the loss of habitat of their main food source,” Dr Wayne Trivelpiece, the report’s lead author said. “As warming continues, the loss of krill will have a far-reaching effect throughout the Antarctic ecosystem.”Since krill feed on phytoplankton (浮游植物) that grow under ice cover, warming waters and disappearing sea ice have contributed to decreasing Antarctic krill populations. According to Al Jazeera, other recent studies have shown that krill in the Southern Ocean may have declined by about 80 percent since the 1970s.“Simply put, without krill, most of the life forms in the Antarctic would disappear,”National Geographic said.32. What problem will penguins face?A. Loss of habitat.B. A shortage of food.C. Population increase.D. Colder environment.33. What is Tom Hart’s attitude toward the penguins’ situation?A. Uncaring.B. Optimistic.C. Doubtful.D. Worried.34. Why does the author mention chinstraps in Paragraph 4?A. To blame human beings’ unawareness.B. To underline the dangers penguins face.C. To give an example of an extinct species.D. To show how penguins react to global warming.35. What do the last two paragraphs suggest?A. Krill loss may have disastrous results.B. Warming waters bring more phytoplankton.C. Sea ice disappearance causes krill’s overproducing.D. Phytoplankton are a key diet of Antarctic creatures.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
Unit 1 A land of di v ersity一、刷黑板——词汇全听写(先过识记默写关)Ⅰ.阅读词汇(英译汉)[第一屏听写]1．strait n．海峡2．Arctic adj.北极的；北极区的3．the Arctic 北极4．ministry n. (政府的)部；(全体)牧师；牧师的职责5．federal adj.联邦制的；联邦政府的[第二屏听写]6．nephew n．侄子；外甥7．aircraft n. 飞行器；航空器；飞机8．vice n．& adj.代理；副职9．shave v t.&v i.刮；剃10．tram n. (有轨)电车11．bakery n. 面包房；面包厂[第三屏听写]12．ferry n．渡船；渡口v t.摆渡；渡运13．seagull n. 海鸥14．cattle n. 牛(总称)15．mourn v t.&v i.哀悼；悼念；表示悲痛16．authority n. 权威；权力(pl.) 当局；官方Ⅱ.高频词汇(汉译英)[第四屏听写]1．distinct adj.清晰的；明显的；明确的2．distinction_ n. 差别；区分；卓著3．immigrant n. (从外国移入的)移民4．immigrate v i.移入(外国定居)5．immigration n. 移民；移居入境6．means_ n. 手段；方法7．majority_ n. 大多数；大半[第五屏听写]8．despite prep.尽管；不管9．hardship n. 苦难；困苦10．elect v t.选择；决定做某事；选举某人11．boom n. (人口、贸易的)繁荣v i.处于经济迅速发展时期12．racial adj.人种的；种族的13．crossing n. 横渡；横越；十字路口；人行横道[第六屏听写]14．rail n．铁路；扶手；(护栏的)横条15．percentage n. 百分比；百分率16．pole n. 地极；电极；磁极17．applicant n. 申请人18．customs n. 海关；关税；进口税19．socialist n. 社会主义者；社会党人adj.社会主义者的[第七屏听写]20．socialism n．社会主义21．occur v i.发生；出现22．indicate v t.指出；标示；表明；暗示23．luggage n. 行李(〈美〉baggage) 24．apparent adj.显而易见的；显然的；表面上的25．apparently ad v. 显然地；显而易见地26．brake n. 闸；刹车；制动器v i.&v t.刹(车)；用制动器减速[第八屏听写]27．conductor n．(公车)售票员；列车员；(乐队)指挥28．slip v i.滑动；滑行；滑跤n. 滑动；滑倒29．hire v t.& n. 租用；雇用30．fascinating adj.迷人的；吸引人的31．angle n. 角；角度32．nowhere ad v. 无处；到处都无[第九屏听写]33．punishment n．处罚；惩罚34．justice n. 正义；公平35．civil adj.公民的；国内的；民间的36．reform v t.&v i.改革；革新n. 改革；改造；改良37．grasp v t.& n. 抓住；抓紧；掌握；领会38．thoughtful adj.关切的；体贴的；深思的[第十屏听写]39．insert v t.插入；嵌入40．thankful adj.感激的；感谢的41．a_great/good_many 许多；很多42．keep_up 坚持；维持；沿袭(风俗、传统等) 43．live_on 继续存在；继续生存44．by_means_of_... 用……办法；借助……[第十一屏听写]45．make_a_life习惯于新的生活方式、工作等46．back_to_back 背靠背47．apply_for 申请；请示得到48．mark_out 用线画出范围；标出……界线49．take_in 包括；吸收50．team_up_with 与……合作或一起工作二、刷清单——热身自盘点(再过基本应用关)一、过重点单词——纵引横联超人一点1．majority n ．大多数；大半[教材原句] Of the first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men, whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives.[多角练透]单句语法填空①A majority of Africans are (be) forced to work for the Europeans.②The majority of the land has_been_destroyed (destroy) so far.单句改错③I hope to gain a bit more knowledge of gardening so that it can help me to major the gardening after attending college.major后加in补全句子④The white are in_the_majority in Australia while the native people in_the_minority.在澳大利亚，白人占多数而土著人占少数。
2019学年度人教版选修八Unit 1 A land of diversity单元测试试卷之一第Ⅰ卷第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
ACultural Diversity Week 2017Mini Grants (拨款) GuidelineTo celebrate Cultural Diversity Week (CDW) 2017 in March, Banyule City Council (Australia) is offering mini grants of up to $300 for people to learn more about Victoria's cultural and religious diversity.Who can apply?Clubs, community groups and schools that are located within Banyule can apply for the mini grant.What can the grant be used for?1) Supporting your group, club or school to attend a cultural museum.2) Hosting your own event and inviting a guest speaker or cultural performer.Museum visitsMelbourne has a number of fantastic museums that display different cultures. A list of suggested cultural museums is included in this document. But you can also visit other museums.Hosting your own eventThe grant can be used to invite a musician, dancer or guest speaker from the Victorian multicultural community to perform at your event. For a list of speakers and performers, visit .au.How to applyTo apply for the grant visit .au. Applications must be sent by 27 January 2017. You will need to provide the following information:1) Tell us in 100 words or less how your group would benefit from the cultural education experience.2) Tell us the museum you plan to attend or which cultural performer or guest speaker you will invite.3) Provide a budget of your activity and the number of people who will take part.4) If possible, tell us when the event or museum visit will be held.We encourage applications from groups that intend to hold their event or museum visit during Cultural Diversity Week March 2017. If this is not possible, at the latest, the event or museum visit must occur before the end of April 2017.If you have any questions please contact (联系) the Community and Social Planning team on 9490 4222. You will be informed of the result of your application by 17 February 2017.21. Which of the following can make a request for the grant?A. A cultural museum.B. A young performer.C. A local school.D. A city office.22. What should be included in the application?A. How money will be spent on your event.B. The cultural events held in your community.C. How you understand Cultural Diversity Week.D. A description of your event in at least 100 words.23. When will you know whether you have been offered the grant?A. By 27 January 2017.B. By 17 February 2017.C. By the end of April 2017.D. By the end of March 2017.24. What does the text mainly tell the readers?A. Ideas for organizing different cultural events.B. Suggestions about celebrating CDW 2017.C. The process of giving a government grant.D. Information about getting a CDW grant.BAntarctica doesn't seem very inviting, but about 37,000 visitors are expected to go on a trip to the frozen continent during this tourist season.If you decide to go there, you'll need to think about timing. Ice, wind and low temperatures make a trip to Antarctica an impossibility outside of November through March. You'll also have to consider the almost prohibitive cost of your ship ticket —from about US$3,500 to US$25,000. This doesn't cover airfare to your port of departure (启程), which is usually in South America, Australia or New Zealand.Deciding what kind of boat on which to travel will make all the difference as accommodations vary greatly from one to the next. Large cruises, which might carry from 500 to 3,000 passengers, are good for vacationers and learners, but they never dock (靠岸) at a port. Smaller ships, such as yachts (快艇) and dive boats, allow you on the continent, and their staff plan various physical activities for visitors.Those who actually get their feet on the ground will be privileged to have a very unique experience, including many educational opportunities. Tours of active scientific research facilities manned by biologists and geologists are often available. Visitors are also able to see various penguins and seals, some of which are braveenough to get up close. Finally, a few adventurous ones will enjoy mountaineering and diving during their time on the icy land.Another consideration that must be made when visiting Antarctica is one's environmental footprint. Every tourist, guide, researcher and ship makes an impact on this faraway part of our Earth. Precautions (预防措施) such as time limits on land, keeping a 5-meter distance from animals and rules against taking or leaving anything on the continent are strictly kept. Some wonder if it's better for people just to stay away from Antarctica if they are so likely to affect the land negatively. But most will say that seeing Antarctica helps make the world more aware of the part this beautiful location plays in the global environment.25. What does the underlined word “prohibitive” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?A. Common.B. Additional.C. Reasonable.D. Unaffordable.26. What can we learn about passengers on large ships?A. They are on board throughout the trip.B. They can enjoy various physical activities.C. They can get very close to local animals.D. They have a chance to land on the continent.27. What do most people think of the trips to Antarctica?A. Dangerous.B. Economical.C. Educational.D. Destructive.CManta rays (魔鬼鱼) are some of the creatures in the ocean who allow divers to swim right up to and interact (互动) with them. Unfortunately, these gentle animals are in big trouble. Since 2011, manta rays have been listed as a threatened species worldwide.Peru, a country in South America, recently took a big step to protect giant manta rays: It banned fishing for them. Although 12 other countries have passed laws to protect rays, Peru's may be the most important one yet. That's because there are more manta rays in the Pacific Ocean near Peru than in any other place in the world.Giant manta rays are unusual-looking creatures. The giant, flat rays are typically about 4.5 meters wide and can grow up to 8 meters wide! “They're sort of like gian t flying carpets underwater,” says Joshua Stewart of the Manta Trust, an organization that researches manta rays.People catch rays for their meat. Overfishing is bad for any sea creature, but it's even worse for manta rays. Female manta rays usually have only one baby, every two to five years. So every ray that's caught hurts the population in a big way. People who break Peru's new law can be fined or have their fishing licenses taken away. Even rays caught accidentally in fishing nets must be set free.Earlier this year, the Manta Trust attached video cameras, called Crittercams, to manta rays off the west coast of Mexico. The footage (连续镜头) the cameras collect could help researchers predict where rays swim and when. The scientists could use the information to warn fishing boats to avoid these areas, helping reduce the number of accidentally caught rays.Stewart says it's important to protect these unique creatures. “There's really no other animal that compares in size that you can have interactions with in the wild.”28. What's a characteristic of manta rays?A. They can fly like a bird.B. They are usually of small size.C. They are very friendly to people.D. They like swimming up and down.29. What's the current situation of manta rays?A. Their habitats are badly damaged.B. They only live in the Pacific Ocean.C. Their number has dropped greatly.D. Fewer and fewer female rays give birth.30. Except for doing research on manta rays, the Manta Trust is also trying to _____.A. protect themB. look for more raysC. make films about themD. reduce their population31. How does Stewart feel about Peru's new law?A. It makes no sense.B. It is hard to follow.C. It is really essential.D. It needs improvement.DThere is a change of attitude toward the pink and blue divide in toys. Target, the second-largest discount retailer (折扣零售店) in the US, announced in 2015 that it would get rid of signs labeling toys for boys or for girls. A UK campaign called Let Toys Be Toys seeks to get retailers to stop dividing toys and books for one gender (性别) only.Researchers have worried about the effect of having toys that were so segregated (分开的) by gender for some time, says Lisa Dinella, associate professor at Monmouth University.Clearly divided pink and blue toys — with dolls and tea sets on one side and trucks and building blocks on the other — are actually a pretty recent development. As recently as the 1970s, toys sold in the US were not always marketed with clear gender distinctions. By the 1980s and 1990s, however, toys started to become more gender segregated, though it was still not so sharply divided as today, says Elizabeth Sweet, a lecturer in sociology at the University of California, Davis.While it may seem like a small issue, toys help children to develop new skills, says Dinella. Dolls and pretend kitchens are good at teaching kids early language skills. Building blocks like Lego and puzzles teach skills related to space, which help set the groundwork for learning math. “Both genders lose out if we put kids on one track and they can't explore,” says Dinella.Some parents try to introduce other types of toys and get away from the strictly pink and blue divide. But it's difficult for parents to ignore the marketing and get their kids toys or costumes meant for the other gender, says Dinella. While some parentstry to broaden the toys their children are exposed to, there is often a social cost to the child for crossing gender boundaries. “So it is hard for parents to throw out the rules,” she says.Researchers hope that one day, toys will stop being broken up by gender and will instead be categorized (分类) by type, like puzzle toys, dolls or children's bikes. Toy choices, Sweet says, should be based on kids' personal interests, and not on their gender.32. What trend is described in the first paragraph?A. Offering different toys to boys and girls.B. Giving kids more time to play with toys.C. Making more colorful toys for kids.D. Ending the gender divide in toys.33. How will the pink-and-blue toy divide affect kids according to Dinella?A. Helping them develop in a quite normal way.B. Making them better communicate with others.C. Urging them to master more knowledge and skills.D. Causing them to miss many opportunities to learn.34. What is hard for the parents mentioned by Dinella?A. Buying kids toys at relatively low prices.B. Buying kids toys aimed at the other gender.C. Buying kids new types of toys.D. Buying kids high-quality toys.35. What might be Sweet's attitude to Target's decision?A. Supportive.B. Doubtful.C. Uncaring.D. Curious.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
2019学年度人教版选修八Unit 1 A land of diversity单元测试试卷之一第Ⅰ卷第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
ACultural Diversity Week 2017Mini Grants (拨款) GuidelineTo celebrate Cultural Diversity Week (CDW) 2017 in March, Banyule City Council (Australia) is offering mini grants of up to $300 for people to learn more about Victoria's cultural and religious diversity.Who can apply?Clubs, community groups and schools that are located within Banyule can apply for the mini grant.What can the grant be used for?1) Supporting your group, club or school to attend a cultural museum.2) Hosting your own event and inviting a guest speaker or cultural performer.Museum visitsMelbourne has a number of fantastic museums that display different cultures. A list of suggested cultural museums is included in this document. But you can also visit other museums.Hosting your own eventThe grant can be used to invite a musician, dancer or guest speaker from the Victorian multicultural community to perform at your event. For a list of speakers and performers, visit .au.How to applyTo apply for the grant visit .au. Applications must be sent by 27 January 2017. You will need to provide the following information:1) Tell us in 100 words or less how your group would benefit from the cultural education experience.2) Tell us the museum you plan to attend or which cultural performer or guest speaker you will invite.3) Provide a budget of your activity and the number of people who will take part.4) If possible, tell us when the event or museum visit will be held.We encourage applications from groups that intend to hold their event or museum visit during Cultural Diversity Week March 2017. If this is not possible, at the latest, the event or museum visit must occur before the end of April 2017.If you have any questions please contact (联系) the Community and Social Planning team on 9490 4222. You will be informed of the result of your application by 17 February 2017.21. Which of the following can make a request for the grant?A. A cultural museum.B. A young performer.C. A local school.D. A city office.22. What should be included in the application?A. How money will be spent on your event.B. The cultural events held in your community.C. How you understand Cultural Diversity Week.D. A description of your event in at least 100 words.23. When will you know whether you have been offered the grant?A. By 27 January 2017.B. By 17 February 2017.C. By the end of April 2017.D. By the end of March 2017.24. What does the text mainly tell the readers?A. Ideas for organizing different cultural events.B. Suggestions about celebrating CDW 2017.C. The process of giving a government grant.D. Information about getting a CDW grant.BAntarctica doesn't seem very inviting, but about 37,000 visitors are expected to go on a trip to the frozen continent during this tourist season.If you decide to go there, you'll need to think about timing. Ice, wind and low temperatures make a trip to Antarctica an impossibility outside of November through March. You'll also have to consider the almost prohibitive cost of your ship ticket —from about US$3,500 to US$25,000. This doesn't cover airfare to your port of departure (启程), which is usually in South America, Australia or New Zealand.Deciding what kind of boat on which to travel will make all the difference as accommodations vary greatly from one to the next. Large cruises, which might carry from 500 to 3,000 passengers, are good for vacationers and learners, but they never dock (靠岸) at a port. Smaller ships, such as yachts (快艇) and dive boats, allow you on the continent, and their staff plan various physical activities for visitors.Those who actually get their feet on the ground will be privileged to have a very unique experience, including many educational opportunities. Tours of active scientific research facilities manned by biologists and geologists are often available. Visitors are also able to see various penguins and seals, some of which are braveenough to get up close. Finally, a few adventurous ones will enjoy mountaineering and diving during their time on the icy land.Another consideration that must be made when visiting Antarctica is one's environmental footprint. Every tourist, guide, researcher and ship makes an impact on this faraway part of our Earth. Precautions (预防措施) such as time limits on land, keeping a 5-meter distance from animals and rules against taking or leaving anything on the continent are strictly kept. Some wonder if it's better for people just to stay away from Antarctica if they are so likely to affect the land negatively. But most will say that seeing Antarctica helps make the world more aware of the part this beautiful location plays in the global environment.25. What does the underlined word “prohibitive” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?A. Common.B. Additional.C. Reasonable.D. Unaffordable.26. What can we learn about passengers on large ships?A. They are on board throughout the trip.B. They can enjoy various physical activities.C. They can get very close to local animals.D. They have a chance to land on the continent.27. What do most people think of the trips to Antarctica?A. Dangerous.B. Economical.C. Educational.D. Destructive.CManta rays (魔鬼鱼) are some of the creatures in the ocean who allow divers to swim right up to and interact (互动) with them. Unfortunately, these gentle animals are in big trouble. Since 2011, manta rays have been listed as a threatened species worldwide.Peru, a country in South America, recently took a big step to protect giant manta rays: It banned fishing for them. Although 12 other countries have passed laws to protect rays, Peru's may be the most important one yet. That's because there are more manta rays in the Pacific Ocean near Peru than in any other place in the world.Giant manta rays are unusual-looking creatures. The giant, flat rays are typically about 4.5 meters wide and can grow up to 8 meters wide! “They're sort of like gian t flying carpets underwater,” says Joshua Stewart of the Manta Trust, an organization that researches manta rays.People catch rays for their meat. Overfishing is bad for any sea creature, but it's even worse for manta rays. Female manta rays usually have only one baby, every two to five years. So every ray that's caught hurts the population in a big way. People who break Peru's new law can be fined or have their fishing licenses taken away. Even rays caught accidentally in fishing nets must be set free.Earlier this year, the Manta Trust attached video cameras, called Crittercams, to manta rays off the west coast of Mexico. The footage (连续镜头) the cameras collect could help researchers predict where rays swim and when. The scientists could use the information to warn fishing boats to avoid these areas, helping reduce the number of accidentally caught rays.Stewart says it's important to protect these unique creatures. “There's really no other animal that compares in size that you can have interactions with in the wild.”28. What's a characteristic of manta rays?A. They can fly like a bird.B. They are usually of small size.C. They are very friendly to people.D. They like swimming up and down.29. What's the current situation of manta rays?A. Their habitats are badly damaged.B. They only live in the Pacific Ocean.C. Their number has dropped greatly.D. Fewer and fewer female rays give birth.30. Except for doing research on manta rays, the Manta Trust is also trying to _____.A. protect themB. look for more raysC. make films about themD. reduce their population31. How does Stewart feel about Peru's new law?A. It makes no sense.B. It is hard to follow.C. It is really essential.D. It needs improvement.DThere is a change of attitude toward the pink and blue divide in toys. Target, the second-largest discount retailer (折扣零售店) in the US, announced in 2015 that it would get rid of signs labeling toys for boys or for girls. A UK campaign called Let Toys Be Toys seeks to get retailers to stop dividing toys and books for one gender (性别) only.Researchers have worried about the effect of having toys that were so segregated (分开的) by gender for some time, says Lisa Dinella, associate professor at Monmouth University.Clearly divided pink and blue toys — with dolls and tea sets on one side and trucks and building blocks on the other — are actually a pretty recent development. As recently as the 1970s, toys sold in the US were not always marketed with clear gender distinctions. By the 1980s and 1990s, however, toys started to become more gender segregated, though it was still not so sharply divided as today, says Elizabeth Sweet, a lecturer in sociology at the University of California, Davis.While it may seem like a small issue, toys help children to develop new skills, says Dinella. Dolls and pretend kitchens are good at teaching kids early language skills. Building blocks like Lego and puzzles teach skills related to space, which help set the groundwork for learning math. “Both genders lose out if we put kids on one track and they can't explore,” says Dinella.Some parents try to introduce other types of toys and get away from the strictly pink and blue divide. But it's difficult for parents to ignore the marketing and get their kids toys or costumes meant for the other gender, says Dinella. While some parentstry to broaden the toys their children are exposed to, there is often a social cost to the child for crossing gender boundaries. “So it is hard for parents to throw out the rules,” she says.Researchers hope that one day, toys will stop being broken up by gender and will instead be categorized (分类) by type, like puzzle toys, dolls or children's bikes. Toy choices, Sweet says, should be based on kids' personal interests, and not on their gender.32. What trend is described in the first paragraph?A. Offering different toys to boys and girls.B. Giving kids more time to play with toys.C. Making more colorful toys for kids.D. Ending the gender divide in toys.33. How will the pink-and-blue toy divide affect kids according to Dinella?A. Helping them develop in a quite normal way.B. Making them better communicate with others.C. Urging them to master more knowledge and skills.D. Causing them to miss many opportunities to learn.34. What is hard for the parents mentioned by Dinella?A. Buying kids toys at relatively low prices.B. Buying kids toys aimed at the other gender.C. Buying kids new types of toys.D. Buying kids high-quality toys.35. What might be Sweet's attitude to Target's decision?A. Supportive.B. Doubtful.C. Uncaring.D. Curious.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
