牛津上海版8AUnit 4基础知识学案

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牛津上海版8A U4本单元重点单词梳理1. ancient adj. very old; from a time long ago很久以前的;古老的,古代的e.g. The ancient Chinese wore different clothes from the modern Chinese.中国古人与现代人穿的衣服完全不同。

I feel pretty ancient when I see how the younger generation behaves.看到年轻一代的行为举止,我觉得我太老了。

【反义】modern adj.现代的;现代化的2.times 时代;时期e.g. In Shakespeare's times, not many people could read.在莎士比亚时代,没有多少人认识字。

【近义】age n. 时代3.as 像……一样,正如e.g. She works in the same building as my sister.她和我的妹妹在同一大楼上班。

4.nearly 几乎,差不多e.g. I'm nearly 16 –it's my birthday next week. 我就快16岁了,下个礼拜是我生日。

【指点迷津:almost, nearly】两词意思均为“几乎,将近,差不多”,当与动词、副词、形容词及名词连用时,意义相近,可互换。

e.g. It's nearly suppertime.= It's almost suppertime. 快开晚饭了。

almost可与no,none,never以及nothing等不定代词连用,而nearly则不可;nearly常用在含有not的否定句中,而almost则不可与not单独连用。

e.g. There's almost no water left in the bottle. 瓶子里水快没了。

It is not nearly so pretty as it was before. 这儿远不及以前漂亮了。

5. invent v. 发明,创造e.g. Who invented the plane? 谁发明了飞机?Thomas Edison invented the electric light. 托马斯·爱迪生发明了电灯。

【知识扩展】inventor n. 发明者;发明家invention n.发明,发明物Tomas Edison was one of the greatest inventors who invented a lot of things in his life.托马斯·爱迪生是一生中发明了许多东西的伟大发明家之一。

His 6,000 inventions included the electric light bulb, the phonograph, and the mimeograph machine.他的六千项发明中,包括电灯泡、留声机和油印机。

6. calculate 计算e.g. Can you calculate how much a holiday will cost? 你能否计算一下度个假要花多少钱?【知识拓展】calculator n. 电子计算器e.g. A calculator is a calculating machine which helps people to calculate faster and more accurately.计算器是一种帮助人们用来更加快速、准确计算的机器。

7. electronic 电子的e.g. electronic typewriter电子打字机electronic watch电子表electronic music电子音乐Don't use an electronic dictionary in your English study. 在你的英语学习中不要使用7电子词典。

8. add 加e.g. If you add 4 to 5, you get 9. 四加五得九。

Add up these figures, please. 请把这些数字加起来。

【友情提示】在进行加法的描述时,我们常常说4 plus 3 equals/is 7,但千万不可用add去代替plus, add是个动词,而plus是个介词。

9. subtract 减e.g. If you subtract 3 from 8, you get 5. 八减去三就得五。

【友情提示】我们同样也不能用subtract去代替minus。

上面这句话我们换种方式说就是8 minus3 equals/is 5.10. multiply 乘e.g. 6 multiplied by 5 is 30. 6乘5等于30。

If you multiply 6 by 5, you get 30. 你用5去乘6,得到30。

11. divide除;除尽e.g. 30 divided by 6 is 5. 30除以6等于5。

If you divide 30 by 6, you get 5. 如果你把30除以6,就得到5。

Three will not divide into eleven. 3除不尽11。

12. percentage 百分数;百分率;百分比e.g. 40% is a percentage. 40%是个百分数。

13. powerful 强大的;强有力的; 有力量的e.g. The car has a very powerful engine. 这辆车有强劲的引擎。

The president is very powerful. 总统享有很大的权力。

14. against 对着,对立;不喜欢,反对,防止,预防;靠着,倚着e.g. They played a football match against a team from another country. 他们跟另一个国家的足球队比赛。

Many people are against the plan.很多人都反对这个计划。

Have you had an injection against the disease? 你注射过针对这种疾病的预防针了吗?Put the cupboard against the wall. 把这个橱柜放在靠墙的地方。

15. living 活着的e.g. Some people say he is the greatest living writer. 有人说他是健在的最伟大作家。

【指点迷津alive, live和living】(1)通常情况下,alive作表语(be alive),而living 一般放在名词前作定语用。

e.g. That great man is still alive. 那个伟人依然活着。

all living things 一切生物Latin is not a living language。

拉丁语不是现代语言。

(2)live也是“有生命的,活着的”之意,但往往指动物。

e.g. a live fish 一条活鱼此外live还有“现场直播”的意思。

e.g. a live show现场直播的节目。

16. amazing 令人惊奇的e.g. What an amazing embroidery!多么了不起的一幅刺绣作品!It's amazing that you can't ride a bike.你不会骑车可真令人惊讶。

【知识拓展】amaze v. 使吃惊amazed adj. 吃惊的,惊奇的/ 2e.g. Jack amazed everyone by passing the English exam.杰克通过英语考试使我们每个人感到惊讶。

We were amazed by his change in his study. 我们为他在学习中的变化而感到吃惊。

【友情提示】amaze的形容词有两个,一个是amazed,一个是amazing,但用法不同,通常人做主语时用amazed,物作主语时用amazing。

e.g. It is an amazing game. 这真是一场令人惊奇的比赛。

I am amazed by his words. 我对他的话感到吃惊。

【例题】用amazed, amazing填空(1)1 think it is an___________ animal.(2)1 am_________ how big the school is.【答案】(1) amazing (2)amazed17. instruction说明,指示,指令e.g. Read the instructions on the box before you make the cake.制作蛋糕之前请阅读一下盒子上的说明。

【例题】-I don't know how to use this digital camera.-It doesn't matter. Here is the——,A. instructionB. direction . C, information D. advertisement【答案】 AII.本单元重点词组decimal number小数 a pair of odd numbers一对奇数at least至少international language国际语言in ancient times在古代in many different ways用很多不同的方法in tens以十为计;十进制consist of由…组成;由…构成calculating machines计算器so…that…如此…以致于…in a flash一瞬间do a calculation计算in one's whole lifetime终身living computer活电脑an amazing brain惊人的头脑solve the problem解决问题find the answer得出答案(be) made up of 由…组成【小试牛刀】I. Fill in the blanks with the words in their proper forms.1. Qian Xuesen is a Chinese scientist and he has an ________ brain. (amaze)2. The sports car has a very ________ engine. (power)3. Are there any________ things on the moon? (live)4. At________, I tried my best to help the lady, (little)5. Study the ________ pictures carefully and write an essay, (follow)6. It is an old ________ machine that is still used today. (calculate)7. The steam engine is an important________ in the history. (invent)8. It is ________ for me to use the computer to do a calculation. (easily)【keys】1. amazing 2. powerful 3. living 4. least5. following6. calculating7. invention8. easyⅢ. Key phrases and sentences.1....because it made it easier to write big numbers and to calculate.……因为它(0)使得大数字的书写和计算更加容易。