漫谈关系代词型What引导的名词性从句
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what引导名词性从句的五种特殊用法讲解关于what 引导名词性从句的五种特殊用法及专项讲解【1】表示“……的东西或事情”,相当于“the thing that...; all that...; everything that....”:They’ve done what they can to help her.他们已经尽力帮助了她。
He saves what he earns.他赚多少,积蓄多少。
What Mary is is the secretary.玛丽的职务是秘书。
【2】表示“……的人或的样子”,相当于the person thatHe is no longer what he was.他已经不是以前的那个样子。
He is what is generally called a traitor.他就是人们通常所说的叛徒。
Who is it that has made Fred what he is now?是谁把弗雷德培养成现在这个样子的?【3】表示“……的数量或数目”,相当于the amount/number that Our income is now double what it was ten years ago.我们现在的收入是10年前的两倍。
The number of the students in our school is ten times what it was before liberation.现在我校学生的数量是解放前的10倍。
【4】表示“……的时间”,相当于the time that:After what seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile.似乎过了几个小时他才苦笑着出来。
The young girl was too frightened to speak, standing there for what seemed like hours.小女孩吓得不敢说话,在那儿站了几个小时。
例析what引导名词性从句例1 Great changes have taken place in China and it is not ________ it used to be.中国已经发生了巨大的变化,再也不是以前的样子了。
解析what。
根据句意,分析句子结构可知,此处主句缺表语,故________ it used to be应是表语从句,故填what。
通过上面的例题可知,what引导名词性从句时充当成分,且一般是主语、宾语或表语(其功能相当于名词或代词)。
[意义归纳]1. 表示“……的东西或事情”,相当于the thing that ...,all that ...,everything/anything that ...等。
如:They’ve done what they can to help her out of the present situation.What I have done share the same purpose―to help him out of trouble.2. 表示“……的人或的?幼印保?相当于theperson/boy/girl/man that ...。
例如:He is no longer what he was 20 years ago.What he looks like makes him so special a man from others.3. 表示“……的数量或数目”,相当于the amount/ number/weight/height/width/depth/length that ...。
例如:The number of the students in our school is ten times what it was before the economy was developed.What I have earned by hard work can support me to do what I have been dreaming for.4. 表示“……的时间”,相当于thetime/day/hour/moment/year/decade/century/minute that ...。
‘what’引导名词性从句的用法
1.当主句含有疑问意思,what在引导名词性从句时也含有疑问含义,它是连接代词,在从句中作主语,宾语,表语或定语
We don’t know what we should do.
我们不知道我们应该做什么。
The problem is what step we should take next.
问题是下面我们应该采取哪个步骤。
2. 当主句不含有疑问意思,what 在引导名词性从句时也不含有疑问含义,它是一个‘特殊关系代词’,表示一个不必要或不可说得十分具体的事,意思为‘the thing which’, 译成‘所。
的东西’。
在这种用法中,what 的含义具有泛指性,即what 的具体含义只表现在what引导的从句中。
We can draw the conclusion from what is said above.
我们可以从上面所说的话中得出结论。
This is what they did.
这就是他们所做的事。
从上述两例中可看出,what具有泛指性,what 什么都可以指,但在句中单从what 本身来考究是看不出来什么意思的,必修到what从句的动词去找。
所‘说’(said)当然是‘话’了,所‘做’的(did)当然是‘事情’了。
What引导的名词性从句一、连接代词what引导的名词性从句what意思为“什么”,有疑问含义。
这种从句可以充当主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
现举例如下:1.充当主语从句What he meant is clear enough. 他是什么意思很清楚。
It is clear enough what he meant. 他是什么意思很清楚。
It is pretty well understood what controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today.今天人们十分明白是什么控制着大气层内外二氧化碳的流动的。
2.充当宾语从句You don’t know what you are talking about. 你不知道你在说什么。
I think Father would like to know what I’ve been up to so far, so I decided to send him a quick note.我认为父亲想知道目前我在做什么,所以我决定给他发个短信。
He began to think about what he should do. 他开始考虑应当怎样做。
3.充当表语从句The question is what made him feel so nervous.问题是什么使他感到那么紧张。
What they wanted to find out is what had caused the accident.他们想弄清楚的是:是什么造成了事故?4.充当同位语从句Have you any idea what time it starts? 你知道什么时候开始吗?Then I had no idea what a casino was. 当时我不知道赌场是什么样的地方。
二、关系代词what引导的名词性从句关系代词what引导的名词性从句相当于“先行词+that引导的定语从句”,如:What he lacks ( = The thing that he lacks) is experience. 这类名词性从句在句子中可以充当主语从句、宾语从句和标语从句,但不可以充当同位语从句。
高考英语语法词汇专项突破:05透视what引导的名词性从句用法【导读】一、what引导主语从句二what引导宾语从句二、what引导表语从句四、what引导同位语从句五、Whatever引导名词性从句六、What在所引导名词性从句中的特殊意义先请看题:【考例】(2021新高考I卷)Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song “The Long and Winding Road”. is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.答案与解析:What。
考查主语从句。
此处是主语从句,从句缺乏主语,应用what引导,指代“经受的事情”。
故填What。
句意:去黄山使我想起了披头士乐队的那首流行歌曲《漫漫长路》。
这次经受的惊人之处在于这世界之外的景色。
what引导的名词性从句是历年高考热点。
引导名词性从句的what是连接代词,有时候也作连接形容词,其本身在所引导的名词性从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语和补足语等。
what的在句子中的基本意思是一方面有疑问的意思,表示“什么”,另一方面相当于自带先行词的定语从句,有the thing(s) that等意思,表示引导的从句的表示“……的东西或事情”; 表示“……的人或的样子”; 表示“……的数量或数目”; 表示“……的时间”; 表示“……的地方”。
what相当于“先行词+关系代词”, 所以其前不能有先行词。
what=all that, the thing that, the person that,即what相当于“先行词+关系代词”,引导名词性从句时其本身在从句中主语、宾语、表语或定语。
下面拟结合历年高考试题对what引导的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句四种名词性从句及其他用法进行小结。
what与whatever引导的从句作者:佚名文章来源:本站原创点击数:777 更新时间:2014-6-28what与whatever引导名词性从句的区别what和whatever作为引导词来引导从句,它们之间到底有什么异同点?what只能引导名词性从句,如主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句,whatever既可以引导名词性从句,又可以引导让步状语从句。
一、what引导名词性从句what引导名词性从句时,可在主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中充当成分,其意思主要有以下两种:一是含有疑问含义,表示“什么……”;二是相当于“名词/代词+关系代词引导的定语从句”结构,意为“……的事情/东西/样子/颜色”等。
下面我们看看what在句中的意思以及相应的句子转换。
1. I have tried my best to do what I can to help him.为了帮助他,我已经尽我的最大努力去做我所能做的事情。
what引导宾语从句,在句中相当于the thing that。
2. Before a problem can be solved,it must be obvious what the problem is.在解决问题前,我们必须要弄清楚问题是什么。
it 为形式主语,what引导主语从句,且在从句中作表语,what在句中意为“什么”,表示疑问。
3. Do you have any idea what is actually going on in the classroom?你知道教室里正在发生什么事情吗?what引导同位语从句,此处what也表示疑问,意为“什么”,且what在从句中作主语。
4. —Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game?—Oh,that’s ____.A. what makes me feel excitedB. whatever I feel excited aboutC. how I feel about itD. when I feel excited解析:答案为A。
谈what引导名词从句作者:苏旭东来源:《甘肃教育》2008年第21期(甘谷县第五中学,甘肃甘谷741200)〔关键词〕 what;名词从句;疑问代词;关系代词〔中图分类号〕 G633.41〔文献标识码〕C〔文章编号〕 1004—0463(2008)11(A)—0056—02名词性从句是高中英语学习的重点、难点。
学生学习时往往将名词性从句与其他从句混淆。
尤其是what引导的名词性从句,在大多数情况下学生弄不清楚该从句是不是名词从句。
what引导名词从句时,有两种意义:一是表示“什么”的意思,这时what保留疑问代词的询问意义;二是表示“所……的”(东西,事情)的意思,这时what没有了询问的意义,而相当于the thing(s)which/that+从句。
教师在教学过程中,一定要给学生讲清楚两种用法的区别。
一、疑问词what和特殊关系代词what的区别what引导名词从句的两种不同含义,我们加以区分如下。
1. 引导疑问名词从句:表示一个问题,what译为“什么”(疑问词)2. 引导陈述名词从句:表示一件事情或一种东西,what译为“所……的东西”(特殊关系代词)比较下面两句中what的含义:I don’t know what he wants.我不知道他要什么。
I can’t give what he wants.我不能给他所要的东西。
在形式上这两者没什么区别,区别在于动词。
即凡是在表示询问、怀疑、不肯定、好奇等与“疑问”有关联的动词之后,what是疑问词。
这类动词有ask (问),know(知道),understand(了解)等。
凡是在与“疑问”没有关联的动词之后,是特殊关系代词,这类动词有give(给予),get(得到),think(认为)等。
例如:We don’t understand what you are talking about.我们不明白你在讲什么。
It has often been asked what they meant.人们常常问他们当时的意图是什么。
what引导的从句的用法What引导的从句在英语中是一个常见的从句形式,它可以用来引导名词性从句、形容词从句和副词从句,具有广泛的应用场合。
本文将从用法、例句和注意事项三个方面来介绍what引导的从句。
一、用法1. 引导名词性从句:what可以用作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。
例如:What you said is true.(你说的是真的。
)(主语)I don't know what he is talking about.(我不知道他在说什么。
)(宾语)Her job is what she loves most.(她最喜欢的是她的工作。
)(表语)The fact is what I cannot deny.(这个事实是我无法否认的。
)(同位语)2. 引导形容词从句:what用于修饰不定代词或疑问代词。
例如:What time it is doesn't matter.(现在几点不重要。
)He is what we call a genius.(他是我们所谓的天才。
)3. 引导副词从句:what作为表语的副词从句。
例如:What matters is that he is safe.(重要的是他安全了。
)What I need is a break.(我需要的是休息。
)二、例句1. 名词性从句What you do today will determine what you will become tomorrow.(你今天做的事情将决定你明天的成就。
)I don't know what he is talking about.(我不知道他在说什么。
)2. 形容词从句What he lacks in experience, he makes up for inenthusiasm.(他缺少的经验,他用热情来弥补。
)What she said is true.(她所说的是真的。
what 引导名词性从句用法浅析作者:曹忠旺来源:《学习周报·教与学》2020年第46期摘要:名词性从句是指在复合句中起名词作用的从句。
它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
名词性从句是中学阶段的一个重要语法项目,在历年的高考中几乎都涉及到,并且每年的命题各有变化。
关键词:名词性从句、表示、whatwhat 引导的名次性从句在高考中最容易出错的内容之一。
现就what 引导的名次性从句归纳如下。
表示“……的东西或事情”“所…… 的”,相当于“the thing that ...;all that ...;everythingthat ...;anything that ...”(1)They’ve done what they can do to help her.(2)He saves what he earns.(3)What Mary is is the secretary.2. 表示“……的人或的样子”(指抽象意义的人)相当于the person that;the one that(1)He is no longer what he was. 他已经不是以前的那个样子。
(2)He is what is generally called a traitor. 他就是人们通常所说的叛徒。
Who has made Fred ______ he is now?3. 表示“……的数量或数目”,相当于the amount/number that(1)Our income now is double what it was ten years ago.(2)The number of the students in our school is ten times what it was before liberation.4. 表示“……的时间”,相当于the time that:(1)After what seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile.(2)The young girl was too frightened to speak,standing there for what seemed like hours.5. 表示“……的地方”,相当于the place that(1)This is what they call Salt Lake City.(2)In 1492,Columbus reached ______ is now called America.(3)Last year,they finally accomplished their wish in life,arriving at ______ was considered sacred in Catholic religion.归纳总结:当名词性从句缺少主语、宾语、表语,而缺少的这个词不是指具体的人时,要首先考虑what练习。
漫谈关系代词型What引导的名词性从句本文通过分析what引导的名词性从句,帮助读者弄清楚连接代词what与关系代词型what引导名词性从句的区别,以及关系代词型what引导名词性从句的特别之处。
关系代词型“What”连接代词“what”先行词关系代词型What引导的名词性从句在英语中经常出现,它表达的意思往往令学习者感到困惑。
尤其是初学者在阅读理解,或英中对译,或写作表达方面,对引导名词性从句的关系代词型what的含义和用法极容易产生误解和错误。
本文拟通过分析常见的what引导的名词性从句,帮助读者弄清楚连接代词what与关系代词型what引导名词性从句的区别,以及关系代词型what引导名词性从句的特别之处。
1.连接代词what引导名词性从句时,实际上是其作为疑问代词的一种借用,即将疑问代词what用作连词引导从句,这时它表示的是一个问题。
⑴It was clear enough what she meant. 她究竟是什么意思是再清楚不过的。
⑵I don’t care what she thinks.我不在乎她会怎么想。
⑶Let me see what you’ve chosen.让我看看你选的是什么。
⑷I can’t describe to you what I felt at that moment.我无法向你描述我当时是什么感觉。
⑸You have no idea what I suffered.你不了解我有多苦。
⑹No one can tell what will happen next.每人能够预见往后会发生什么。
⑺I don’t know what motive he could have had.我不知道他的动机是什么。
⑻I asked him what clothes I should wear.我问他我应该穿什么衣服。
⑼What Miss Fulton did,Bertha didn’t know.富尔顿小姐干啥的,伯莎并不晓得。
⑽You would have absolute freedom as to what researches you thought it best to pursue.你认为从事何种研究最好,你可以有绝对的自由。
对此,有的语法学家提出了一个标准,即在表示询问,怀疑,不肯定,好奇的句子中,what引导从句时表示疑问,通常译为“什么……?”以上各句中what引起的从句相当于一个特殊疑问句。
⑾What did she mean?⑿What does she think?⒀What have you chosen?⒁What did I feel at that moment?⒂What did I suffer?⒃What will happen next?⒄What motive could she have had?⒅What clothes should I wear?⒆What did Miss Fulton do?⒇What researches did you think it best to pursue?2.关系代词型what引导的名词性从句相当于带有定语从句作后置修饰语的名词词组,即the things + that-clause或the persons + that-clause,它表示的不是一个问题,而是一件事情,通常译为“(所)…的(东西)”;“(所)…的(人)”。
(21)What(=the things that)caused the accident is a complete mystery.(所)造成这场事故的原因还完全是个迷。
(22)What(= anything which)is done cannot be undone.几成定局的事情无可挽回(23)What (= the thing that)is one man’s meat is another’s poison.对甲有利的事情未必对乙也有利。
(24)What(= anything that)snow conceals,the sun reveals. 积雪掩盖的东西,太阳曝光之。
(若要人不知,除非己不为)(25)This book is just what(= the book that)I have been looking for.这本书正是我所一直在找寻的那本书。
(26)The novel is what(= a novel that)people call a nonstop page turner.这本小说是人们称之为引人入胜、欲罢不能的那种作品。
(27)Do not put off till tomorrow what(= the things that)you can do today.今天可以干好的事情绝不要拖到明天。
(28)Don’t criticize what(= the things that)you don’t understand.不可批判自己不能理解的事物。
(29)I can’t make out what(= the things that)you are talking about.我无法理解你所谈论的事情。
(30)There is in English what(= ametaphor that)we call the “mixed metaphor”,an unhappy marriage of two different figures of speech.英语里有一种我们称之为“混杂隐喻”的东西,即两种不同的修辞格的生硬结合。
例句(21)—(30)中what引导的从句并不表示疑问意思,因此不可改写成特殊疑问句。
此外,关系代词型what由于已经包含了先行词(thing 或things;that或those;person或persons),它与通常引导定语从句的关系代词that,which,who不同。
(31)Philip was depressed by what (= those that)he had gone through.菲利普的苦难经历使他感到很消沉。
(32)He seemed to have forgotten all that he had gone through.他似乎把他受的苦全忘了。
(33)Rachel was what (= the kind of person who )was known as a DonQuixote.雷切尔就是那种人们称之为不切实际的理想主义者。
The man who was sick is now well.患病那个人现在好了。
例(31)、(33)中的关系代词型what由于在意义上已经包含有先行词those,the kind of person,所以在它前面不需要在加其他名词性短语。
例(32)、(34)中的关系代词that,who必须跟在先行词之后,所以在其前面必须用别的名词性短语,all,the man。
3.关系型代词what在意义上具有特指和泛指的区别。
关系型代词what表示特指的有如上述的例(21)、(23)、(25)、(27)、(28)、(29),再如:(35)What (特指= that which)caused the accident was a broken bottle.造成事故的原因是一只破瓶子。
(36)Quality is what(特指= that which)counts most..质量是最重要的方面。
关系型代词what表示泛指的有如例(22)、(24)、(26)、(30)。
关系型代词what表示泛指时,其包含的先行词相当于一个不定代词,它引导的从句表示不必或不可能说得十分具体的事物:(37)What (泛指= anything which )caused the accident has not yet been found. 是什么原因造成这一事故目前还没有弄清楚。
(38)What(泛指= anything which )she looks like doesn’t matter.她长相怎么样无关重要。
关系代词型what具有的泛指意义可通过复合词whatever得到强调,但实际上二者常常起相同的作用,只不过whatever 表示泛指的意义更突出一些。
(39)Well,I’ll do what(= anything that)I can.对了,我要尽力而为。
(40)I’ll do whatever(= anything that)you wish.你想要我干什么,我就干什么。
(41)They did what(= all that)they could to console her.他们尽量安慰她。
(42)Whatever(= anything that)she says goes.她说怎么样就怎么样。
(43)Give me what(= anything that)there is.有什么就给我什么。
(44)Whatever(= all that)I have is at your service. 我所有的一切都任由你使用。
4.关系型代词what包含的先行词表示的意思既可以是单数(the thing which,anything that),也可以是复数(the things which;those which,all that);既可以指物,又可以指人(the person that):(45)As a friend of yours,I want to tell you what (=all that )I hear.作为你的朋友,我要告诉你我听到的一切。
(46)I should like to be a teacher. That’s what (=the kind of person that)I want to be.我想做一位老师,那是我心向往之的理想。
(47)It was a small place then compared to what(=the place that )it is now.和今天的规模相比,那里当时仅仅是个小地方。
已如前述,关系代词型what具有泛指意义,它所表示的内容从what本身是看不出来的。
这时可以根据关系代词型what引导的从句中的动词来进行推敲和理解,就不难确定what表达的意思。
(42)She was no happy at what he had said.她对他说的话感到不快。
(43)But what follows is the narrative of his experience.而以下内容是叙述他的人生经历。