2018年华南理工大学网络学院《大学英语》入学测试复习题

华南理工大学网络教育学院2017–2018学年度第二学期期末考试《大学英语B（一）》试卷（模拟卷）教学中心：专业层次：学号：姓名：座号：注意事项：1. 本试卷共五大题，满分100分，考试时间90分钟，闭卷；2. 考前请将以上各项信息填写清楚；3. 所有答案必须做在答题纸上,做在试卷、草稿纸上无效；4．考试结束，试卷、答题纸、草稿纸一并交回。

注：红色部分为答案College English Achievement TestBand One (模拟卷)Part I Use of English (5 points)Directions:There are 5 incomplete dialogs. For each dialogue there are 4 choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the dialog. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.此部分题答案用2B铅笔做在答题纸上1. ---- Hello, I’m Robin.---- _______________ My name is Anna.A. How are you?B. How do you do?C. You can call me Bob.D. Fine, thanks.2. ----I’m sorry it didn’t work out.----__________________A. I appreciate your help, anyway.B. Don’t mention it.C. It’s my pleasure.D. You are welcome.3. ---May I ask if you enjoy taking a walk after super?----_________________.A. Yes, I may.B. No, I may not.C. Walking is good.D. I’ve always liked walking.4. ---- How do you like your steak?---- ________________A. I like my steak.B. I dislike it.C. Rare. Please.D. I can’t bear it.5. 5. ---- I owe you an apology for the delay---- ________________A. You are wrong.B. Yes, you own me.C. It’s your fault.D. That’s perfectly all right.Part II Vocabulary and Structure (5 points)Directions: There are 5 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.此部分题答案用2B铅笔做在答题纸上6. Her _______ for writing was a desire for women to get the right to higher education. A．motivation B．qualification C．talent D．technique7. Don’t expect too much of him, and after all, he is a child of ______ intelligence. A．average B．slight C．strange D．different8. ________ of his son’s safety, the father turned off the light and went to bed.A．Being convinced B．ConvincingC．Convinced D．Having convinced9. We Chinese eat with chopsticks ______ most westerners eat with knives and forks. A．for B．as C．while D．when10. I have already made a decision what attitude to adopt _______ this matter.A．of B．to C．on D．inPart III. Reading Comprehension (45 points)Directions:There are 3 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by 5 questions. For each question there are 4 choices marked A, B, C, and D. Please choose the best answer to the question. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.此部分题答案用2B铅笔做在答题纸上Passage OneEvery one of us is a mother, father, son or daughter - and we all have dreams - big and small. Unfortunately, too many of us keep these dreams to ourselves because we fear what others might say. My point in writing this is to say it's OK to dream and dream big and talk about your dreams so that others are inspired to dream big too. What a world we would have if everyone did this!My dad was a dreamer. He told me that one day he was going to have a sailboat. We would go to the boat shows whenever they came to town and climb into them. My father would talk to the sales people and I would be busy pretending to sail the boat. It was fun. Then one day we went to the boat place and took out a sailboat on the ocean, what a thrill! Soon afterwards he bought his first boat and named it "LETSGO" and we sailed and sailed big bays and seas around New England. When I was older I got to be the skipper because he not only told me his dream he showed it to me and let me taste the idea on my own. Now I was inspired to dream big too.You see dreams can do wonders for you. When you believe in your dreams, they take on a life of their own. Now you start dreaming up things to do to make your inspiration a reality. More dreams, more inspiration, then more dreams and a few more. Then one morning you wake up and the dream has come true.My dreams have taken me to so many beautiful places; I've been below the surface of the ocean watching the beauty of coral and fish as I swim by. I've flown an airplane with pontoon floats from a lake in northern Maine and another different plane on a flight over the Grand Canyon. I've also ridden under my own wind blown sails. The pictures in my head are priceless and better than any I've taken.Some of the best times I've had were listening to older people talk about their dreams and what their dreams did for their lives. When I hear some of their dreams it inspires me to think and dream how I might do that too.I interviewed a man some years ago who was 80-something years young. He was a sturdy man with the hands to match the story he told me. Hands still strong enough to crack the shells of the walnuts he offered me and munched on. He had outlived his wife but still lived in their neat home with bookcases near the fireplace he no doubt built. I asked one question and I didn’t move for hours. His story of leaving home to explore the world and learn a new trade was fascinating to my young mind. But it was after hearing his tale that I realized what he was really saying to me - not as an aspiring journalist but as a person. He told me he dreamed that he would have a great life and he had one, so, I could dream about having a great life and get one too.Just as my father had said to me earlier, here was another confirmation. I did just what they said to do, because I could do anything I wanted. Therefore, I say dream... dream big dreams about your greatlife to come. I抦heading out toward my next one, how about you?11. According to the author, people keep dreams to themselves because ________.A. they don’t think their dreams will come trueB. they don’t have time to realize their dreamsC. their parents don’t support themD. they fear what others might say12. In Paragraph 2, “We would go to the boat shows whenever they came to town”because________.A. I like to play in the boatB. father likes to talk to the sales peopleC. father hopes to buy a sailboat one dayD. I want to become a skipper in the future13. Which statement .can best describe the saying ”dream can wonders for you” in Para 3？A. Our dream will come true one morning we wake up.B. Dreams can inspire us to make them a reality.C. We will live a better life once we have a dream.D. The more dreams you have, the greater you will be.14. The author has done the following explorations except ________.A. swimmingB. flying a plane from a lakeC. flying over a canyonD. sailing across an ocean15. We can infer from Paragraph 6 that the old man ________.A. is rather pleased with his life nowB. was a writer when he was youngC. live a happy life with his wifeD. used to be businessman for some timePassage TwoDo other animals besides humans cry?The answer to the question is ‘Yes, and no’. All animals with mobile eyes have the ability to cry, just as we humans do. They have a tearing system that keeps their eyes wet so as to protect them from dry sand, dusts, and other elements. People often tell tales of animals such as elephants and dogs weeping when punished. However, even if such an animal does shed tears, there is no scientificevidence that the animal is expressing the tear-related emotions similar to those when humans cry.But what about when a baby chimp or ape whimpers and screams when it’s being separated from its mother, can we say with some certainty that the animal is crying? Taking away the babies does encourage care-giving such as feeding and protecting from the mother apes, but it is uncertain whether the baby apes feel the same way as baby humans do when they cry.In fact, it’s not clear that crying and other emotional displays mean exactly the same thing to all humans. For instance, there is a wide range of emotions that prompt people to cry, and some kinds of weeping, such as crying at a stranger’s wedding, seem to be cultural responses.In addition, some people are autistic. That means they prefer being alone than being with other people, especially in large crowds. These people are said to have less ability in expressing their emotions, but research also has shown that it’s more that their expressions and their reactions to the emotional expressions of others are unusual. Different. But does that mean that their sadness is different somehow?So even if apes can be said with some certainty to be feeling emotions, then there is the problem of figuring out to what extent what they feel resembles what humans feel.16. What does the author mean by “Yes, and no” in line 1, paragraph 1?A. Other animals besides humans cry.B. No other animals besides humans cry.C. Animals cry but do not cry like humans.D. Animals cry but humans do not cry.17. Which of the following statement is true?A. All animals have mobile eyes.B. All animals have a tearing system.C. Tearing system keeps animals’ eyes wet.D. Animals cry when being punished.18. Baby chimps or apes cry because__________.A. they are being separated from their mothersB. the reason is not clearC. they feel the same way as baby humans doD. they need to be fed and protected19. Why human beings cry?A. There a wide range of reasons.B. People cry because they attend a stranger’s wedding.C. Crying means exactly the same thing to all humans.D. Because of cultural responses.20. It can be inferred from the passage that __________.A. it is uncertain to say to what extent apes feel the same emotions as humansB. it is sure that apes can feel emotionsC. some people prefer being alone because they’re not good at communicationD. people’s emotions are differentPassage ThreeEven though she’s quite young, Drew Barrymore can already be called a Hollywood legend. She’s lived i t up, she’s done it all, and she has enough movies under her belt to put most young stars to shame.Barrymore was born on February 22, 1975, in California. Being from a family that produced great actors, it’s no wonder that she quickly found her way into t he spotlight.When she was 11 months old, she made her first commercial on TV. She made her first movies at the age of 2. Four years later, she showed up as in the Steven Spielberg’s famous film E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial.However it wasn’t all roses and s unshine when Barrymore was growing up. She was drinking alcohol by the time she was 9, smoking marijuana at 10, and taking cocaine at 12.Most kid stars in Hollywood fail to become stars as adults. And most of the time, once they’re out of the spotlight, they stay out. Not so with Drew Barrymore.As she was getting older, Barrymore started to realize that there is more to life than publicity stunts. She set out to build a career and made a series of successful films since 1997, including Charlie’s Angels a nd 50 First Dates.“In my life, there is darkness and chaos and drama, and I have yet to explore some of that in my work life. I sort of just want to quietly challenge myself and prove that I’m capable of more.”Actually, anyone who’s not familiar with her disordered childhood might find it hard to believe she’s such a sweet person now. Like many of the characters she plays in her comedy, Drew is easygoing and laughs a lot. In 1997, she was on the cover of People magazine’s 100 Most Beautiful People issue.“Life is very interesting in the end; some of your greatest pains become your greatest strengths.”Drew said.21. Which of the following statements is NOT true about Drew Barrymore? .A. She was already famous at a young age.B. She was a Hollywood legend.C. She finished only one movie.D. She has acted a lot of movies.22. The word “spotlight” (line 3 Paragraph. 2) means __________.A. an illuminated areaB. a lamp with strong lightC. a space where lighting occursD. a focus of public attention23. Which one of the following movies was made when Drew Barrymore wassix?A. E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial.B. Charlie’s Angels.C. 50 First Dates.D. People.24. According to the passage, most kid stars in Hollywood __________.A. are unable to be stars as adultsB. become famous when growing upC. are always under the spotlightD. are different from Drew Barrymore25. According to the passage, Drew Barrymore __________.A. has experienced a disordered childhoodB. quietly challenged herselfC. is now a sweet personD. All abovePart IV Translation (30 points)Directions: For this part, there are 6 English sentences, pleases translate then into Chinese. Please write your answers on the Answer Sheet.此部分题用签字笔或圆珠笔做在主观题答题纸上26. It was predicted that the temperature of next month would continue to fall.27. Experienced teachers focus more on giving students an access to the Internet.28. An audience of millions watched the wedding on TV.29. We cannot ignore the role that traditional medicine plays in large parts of the world.30. Another advantage of running is that you can keep fit.31. Every one of us, more or less, benefit from the Internet.答案：26. .据报道，下个月的温度将持续下降。

⽹络教育机考《⼤学英语B（⼆）》模拟题华南理⼯⼤学⽹络教育学院《⼤学英语B（⼆）》机考模拟题I. Vocabulary and structure (20 points)Directions: There are 20 sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Decide the ONE answer that best completes the sentence or best replaces the underlined words.◎题型：单选题1. The repair is difficult, but I can it.A. makeB. doC. dealD. manage2. Everybody should know it, as it is sense.A. commercialB. commonC. cheerfulD. original3. The new factory is expected to ________ more than 400 new jobs.A. employB. createC. hireD. open4. The sun gives off light and warmth, _________ is very important to the living things on theearth.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. where5. I will buy this skirt _______.A. any wayB. anywayC. in anyhowD. any how6. The learner had trouble __________ what he said.A. understoodB. to understandC. understandingD. understand7. We'll never finish this meeting if people don't ______ to the point.A. approachB. insistC. reachD. stick8. I _____ you had returned the book yesterday.A. wantB. would ratherC. likedD. had better9. According to the forecast, a ____________ cold air is coming in three days.A. massesB. mashC. maskD. mass10. Unless a compromise could be reached the country would be diplomatically on this issue.A. isolationB. isolatedC. isolatingD. isolatable11. The cultural life in our city has become much more colorful and ________.A. plentyB. variousC. numerousD. abundant12. The floods did not start to until two days after the rain had stopped.A. retireB. recedeC. retreatD. sink13. We agreed to accept ______________ they thought was the best tourist guide.A. whateverB. whomeverC. whicheverD. whoever14. The medicine is on sale everywhere. You can get it at chemist's.A. eachB. someC. certainD. any15. ______ what to do, he went to the manager for help.A. Not to knowB. Not knowingC. Not having knownD. Having not known16. We moved to the town ______ we could go to see our parents often.A. even ifB. in caseC. so thatD. as if17. Helen was much kinder to her youngest child than she was to the others, of course, made the others jealous.A. whoB. whatC. thatD. which18. I wish I ______ to the movies with you last night.A. have goneB. could goC. could have goneD. went19. Oh, I ______ you a message when you came back.A. leftB. was leavingC. have leftD. was about to leave20. I'd rather you anything about the accident for the time being.A. sayB. didn't sayC. don't sayD. not sayII. Reading comprehension (40 points)Directions:There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.◎题型:材料题Passage 1In today's world English is the most widely used language. It is our duty to learn English in the new situation of the reform (改⾰) and open to the outside world. Can we master the English language? In order to master it, I'd like to give you some good advice.First, I think interest is the base of success. I enjoyed listening to foreign friends talking to each other when I was a child. At the same time I watched the English programs on TV. From then on, I kept on learning English .The more I learned, the more progress I made.Second, practice is the key to learning English. Many people study English very hard, but they are very shy to speak it in public, for they are afraid of making a mistake. Remember you have to make a mistake before you can correct it. A native English speaker who has been speaking English for almost 60 years still makes mistakes sometimes.Third, the beginners in English should be encouraged to pay attention to idioms. The English language has many idioms. For example, you should say "He is strong as a horse.", but not "He is strong as a cow."1. The writer wants to tell us .A. the importance of learning EnglishB. the new situation of the reform and open to the outside worldC. some good ideas on how to master EnglishD. the wide use of the English language2. If we want to learn English, we must first .A. show interest in itB. enjoy listening itC. watch English program on TVD. practise speaking it3. When we are learning English, .A. remember the mistakes and correct themB. try not to make any mistakesC. correct mistakes before making themD. don't be afraid of making mistakes4. How do you understand the sentence "Remember you have to make a mistake before you cancorrect it"?A. Remember to make a mistake before you can correct it.B. You are sure to make a mistake before you can correct it.C. Remember you have to make a mistake and then correct it.D. You'll make a mistake after you can correct it.5. What is the most important thing to do in learning English according to the writer?A. Practise listening and speaking as much as possible.B. Pay attention to idioms.C. Don't be shy to speak in public.D. The more you learn, the greater progress you'll make.Passage 2◎题型:材料题How often are letters delivered in your country? Are letters delivered to each person's door? Is mail kept at the post office until someone goes there to get it? If someone lives far from a post office, how does he get his mail?In the United States, most people who live in cities and small towns receive their mail at home. Letters are delivered to the family's door every day. Some people have boxes or baskets for letters beside the front door. If there is no box or basket, the letters are pushed through an opening in the door. Large package are sometimes left besides the door.Many Americans live on farms which are far from any city, town, or village. Their mail is delivered to boxes on the roads near their farms. Every day the farmers who live near this road come to their mailboxes. Mail is delivered to farmers' mailboxes every day. This mail service is called Rural Free Delivery. Rural Free Delivery is also known as RFD.6. How often are letters delivered to the family's door?A. all day longB. every dayC. every other dayD. on Sunday7. Some people have boxes or baskets for letters_________.A. on the doorwayB. beside the front doorC. on the roadsideD. near the house8. If there are no boxes or baskets, the letters are _______.A. returned to the senderB. directly handed over to the receiverC. put into the mailbagD. pushed through an opening in the door9. Farmers' mail is ________.A. kept at the post officeB. delivered to the family's door every dayC. delivered to the boxes on the roads near their farmsD. delivered to the mail box in the front door10. The word "rural" means .A. the countryB. the stateC. mainlandD. motherlandPassage 3◎题型:材料题There are villages, towns and cities in very rural parts of Britain that face the same problems as the rest of Britain. One report shows that communities in the country side are less likely than those in urban areas to have access to good public transport, shops, post offices, pubs and other services.The report shows that:Rural areas have higher employment levels.Rural areas have a higher proportion of small, entrepreneurial businesses.School in rural areas perform better on average at GCSE (General Certificate of Secondary Education 英国普通中等教育证书).People in rural areas are healthier and live longer with mortality rates about 8% below the UK average.71% of people believe that quality of life is better in the countryside, and two thirds of people would like to move there if they could.Far more people in the countryside work in services, IT and public administration than in agriculture.Tourism in the countryside supported an estimated 380,000 jobs, whereas agriculture currently employs just over 1/2 million people.But the report also shows the problem:Farming income has fallen by 60% since 1995.In 1997, 22% of rural parishes had no bus service at all and 75% no daily bus service.That is why we are putting forward specific measures for the countryside.11. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?A. People in the country side can enjoy the same public transport service as those inurbanareas.B. There are no shops and post offices in the countryside.C. Compared with urban area, the public transport service in the countryside is not well-developed.D. People in urban areas can go to the countryside by public transport service.12. Which of the following statements about the rural areas is NOT true?A. There are more small businesses in rural areas than in urban areas.B. Compared with rural areas, urban areas have lower employment levels.C. Schools in urban areas are much better than those in rural areas.D. People could live longer in rural areas.13. Most people think the quality of life is in the countryside.A. not goodB. betterC. worseD. not bad14. According to the report, which industry in the countryside provides the fewest jobs?A. Service industry.B. IT.C. Agriculture.D. Public administration.15. One of the problems the countryside faces is that .A. no one likes to be engaged in farming work nowadaysB. the farm products cannot be sold at reasonable pricesC. farming income has fallen since 1995D. there is less and less cultivatable land nowPassage 4◎题型:材料题Arabs consider it extremely bad manners to start talking business immediately. Even the busiest government officials always take extra time to be polite and offer refreshments. No matter how busy you are, you should make time for this.The conference visit is a way of doing business throughout the Arab world. Frequently, you will have to discuss your business in the presence of strangers, who may or may not have anything to do with your business. Do not be surprised if your meeting is interrupted several times by people whocome into the room unannounced, whisper, or speak softly to the person with whom you are talking, and leave. Act as though you do not hear, and never show displeasure at being interrupted.When an Arab says "yes", he may mean "maybe". When he says "maybe", he probably means "no". You will seldom get a direct "no" from an Arab because it is considered impolite. Instead of "no", he will say "inshallah", which means, "if God is willing". On the other hand, "yes" does not necessarily mean "yes". A smile and a slow nod might seem like an agreement, but in fact, your host is being polite. An Arab considers it impolite to disagree with a guest.16. The main purpose of this article is to explain ____________.A. why you need extra time when you visit Arab countriesB. how to be polite when doing business in the Arab worldC. why Arab officials are so busyD. what Arabs say when doing business17. According to the passage, which of the following would be considered polite?A. You leave angrily because of interruptions.B. You demand an immediate decision.C. You refuse a cup of tea and show pictures of your product right away.D. You look out of the window while a stranger comes in to speak with the host.18. From the passage, we know that ____________.A. when an Arab wants to say "yes", he often says "maybe"B. an Arab seldom disagrees with a guest to his faceC. when an Arab agrees, a smile and a slow nod will be givenD. "inshallah" is an English word19. Which of the following is NOT an Arab custom?A. To dislike being interrupted during their meeting.B. Often to give you a vague answer.C. Seldom to say "no" directly.D. Seldom to hesitate to start talking business in the presence of strangers.20. The writer of this passage has probably ____________.A. never been to the Arab worldB. worked in the Arab worldC. been against the Arab customsD. liked the Arab customsIII．Cloze Test (10 points)Directions:Each blank in the following passage is provided with four possible choices marked A, B, C and D. Read the whole passage and chose the best answer for each blank.Passage 1◎题型:材料题From childhood to old age, we all use language as a means of broadening our knowledge of ourselves and the world about us. When humans first (1)______, they were like newborn children, unable to use this (2)______ tool. Yet once language developed, the possibilities for human kinds future (3)______ and cultural growth increased.Many linguists believe that evolution is (4)______ for our ability to produce and use language. They (5)______ that our highly evolved brain provides us (6)______ an innate language ability not found in lower (7)______. Proponents of this innateness theory say that our (8)______ for language is inborn, but that language itself develops gradually, (9)______ a function of the growth of the brain during childhood. Therefore there are critical (10)______ times for language development. Current (11)______ of innateness theory are mixed, however, evidence supporting the existence of some innate abilities is undeniable. (12)______, more and more schools are discovering that foreign languages are best taught in (13)______ grades. Young children often can learn several languages by being (14)______ to them, while adults have a much harder time learning another language once the (15)______ of their first language have become firmly fixed.(16)______ some aspects of language are undeniably innate, language does not develop automatically in a vacuum. Children who have been (17)______ from other human beings do not possess language. This demonstrates that (18)______ with other human beings is necessary for proper language development. Some linguists believe that this is even more basic to human language (19)______ than any innate capacities. These theorists view language as imitative, learned behavior. (20)______, children learn language from their parents by imitating them. Parents gradually shape their child's language skills by positively reinforcing precise imitations and negatively reinforcing imprecise ones.1. A. generated B. evolved C. born D. originated2. A. valuable B. appropriate C. convenient D. favorite3. A. attainments B. feasibility C. entertainments D. evolution4. A. essential B. available C. reliable D. responsible5. A. confirm B. inform C. claim D. convince6. A. for B. from C. of D. with7. A. organizations B. organisms C. humans D. children8. A. potential B. performance C. preference D. passion9. A. as B. just as C. like D. unlike10. A. ideological B. biological C. social D. psychological11. A. reviews B. reference C. reaction D. commendation12. A. In a word B. In a sense C. Indeed D. In other words13. A. various B. different C. the higher D. the lower14. A. revealed B. exposed C. engaged D. involved15. A. regulations B. formations C. rules D. constitutions16. A. Although B. Whether C. Since D. When17. A. distinguished B. different C. protected D. isolated18. A. exposition B. comparison C. contrast D. interaction19. A. acquisition B. appreciation C. requirement D. alternative20. A. As a result B. After all C. In other words D. Above allIV. Translation◎题型:材料题I. Translation from Chinese to English (15 points)Directions: Translate the following sentences into English.1. ⾸先，我要说，能到这⾥来我很⾼兴。

870华南理工大学2018 年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷（试卷上做答无效，请在答题纸上做答，试后本卷必须与答题纸一同交回）科目名称：英语语言文学综合适用专业：外国语言文学共 6 页Part OneFundamentals of Linguistics and Literature (外国语言学及应用语言学和英语语言文学考生共答部分)I.Define the following terms in your own words（20 points）1.Turn-taking2.Validity3.Modernism4.IronyII．Answer the following questions（40 points）1.The Australian linguist Halliday considers language as having three main functions.Please specify these three functions.2.What are homophones? Please give two pairs of examples.3.What is narration? Can you support your answer with examples?4.What is stream of consciousness? Please explain it with an example from a literarytext you’ve read.Part TwoTest for Students of Linguistics and Applied Linguistics(外国语言学及应用语言学考生必答部分)I．Discuss and comment on the following topics（40 points）petence and performance2.Error and mistake3.The relationship between pragmatics and semantics4.In Hymes’ view, learning language is learning to perform certain functions.II．Analyze the language data according to the requirements（50 points）1.Read the following two passages, and analyze the varieties of language use and thedifferent perspectives on language in an essay of about 250 words. Please back up your idea with the related linguistic theories. (25 points)Passage A：A living language is continually changing, even in a small community. Usually, linguistic changes take place so slowly that it is only by looking back over at least several decades that one can detect changes. The most obvious changes in the language of a large, sophisticated community occur in the field of vocabulary, for in such a community new words are constantly being created and old words discarded.(D. Ward, The Russian Language Today)Passage B：Hampshire: Am I right in thinking − you must correct me if I’m wrong − that your studies of language have led you to the conclusion that there are certain …common … underlying structures common to all languages which constitute something like a universal grammar?Chomsky: Yes. It seems to me that the evidence available to us suggests that there must be some very deep … inborn principles, probably of a highly restrictive nature that determine how knowledge of a language emerges in an individual given the very scattered and degenerate data available to him.Hampshire: Your evidence is derived really from learning, the study of learning language?Chomsky: It seems to me that if you want to study learning in a serious way, what one really has to do is to study a sort of input-output situation. We have an organism of which we know nothing; we know what kind of data is available to it; we can discover that; and the first question we must then try to answer is: what kind of a mental structure does the organism develop when that evidence is presented to it?2.Read and compare the following two passages, and analyze the linguistic structuresand styles in an essay of about 250 words. (25 points)Passage C：We, the peoples of the U. N., determined to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war, which twice in our lifetime has brought untold suffering to mankind, and to reaffirm faith in fundamental rights, in the dignity and worth of the humanperson, in the equal rights of men and women and of nations large and small, and to establish conditions under which justice and respect for the obligations arising from treaties and other sources of international law can be maintained, and to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom, and for these ends, to practice tolerance and live together in peace with one another as good neighbors, and to unite our strength to maintain international peace and security, and to ensure, by the acceptance of principles and the institution of methods, that armed force shall not be used, save in the common interest, and to employ international machinery for the promotion of economic and social advancement of all peoples, have resolved to combine our efforts to accomplish these aims.（The Charter of the United Nations）Passage D：He stepped into the stream. It was a shock. His trousers clung tight to his legs. His shoes felt the gravel. The water was a rising cold shock.…His mouth dry, his heart down, Nick reeled in. He had never seen so big a trout. There was a heaviness, a power not to be held, and then the bulk of him, as he jumped. He looked as broad as a salmon.Nick’s hand was shaky. He reeled in slowly. The thrill had been too much. He felt, vaguely, a little sick, as though it would be better to sit down.(Ernest Hemingway, Big Two-Hearted River)Part ThreeTest for Students of English Language and Literature(英语语言文学考生必答部分)I．Discuss and comment on the following topics（40 points）ment on Hemingway (Code) Heroes.ment on Oedipal Complex in literature.ment on the importance of interior monologue in any literary text written by afemale writer.ment on realism and its significance in literary history.II．Analysis and appreciation（50 points）1.Analyze the following passage from Moby Dick (1851), written by Herman Melville (1819-1891), in an essay of no less than 250 words. (25 points)Now, when I say that I am in the habit of going to sea whenever I begin to grow hazy about the eyes, and begin to be over conscious of my lungs, I do not mean to have it inferred that I ever go to sea as a passenger. For to go as a passenger you must need to have a purse, and a purse is but a rag unless you have something in it. Besides, passengers get sea-sick- grow quarrelsome- don't sleep of nights- do not enjoy themselves much, as a general thing;- no, I never go as a passenger; nor, though I am something of a salt, do I ever go to sea as a Commodore, or a Captain, or a Cook. I abandon the glory and distinction of such offices to those who like them. For my part, I abominate all honorable respectable toils, trials, and tribulations of every kind whatsoever. It is quite as much as I can do to take care of myself, without taking care of ships, barques, brigs, schooners, and what not. And as for going as cook,- though I confess there is considerable glory in that, a cook being a sort of officer on ship-board- yet, somehow, I never fancied broiling fowls;- though once broiled, judiciously buttered, and judgmatically salted and peppered, there is no one who will speak more respectfully, not to say reverentially, of a broiled fowl than I will. It is out of the idolatrous dotings of the old Egyptians upon broiled ibis and roasted river horse, that you see the mummies of those creatures in their huge bake-houses the pyramids.No, when I go to sea, I go as a simple sailor, right before the mast, plumb down into the fore-castle, aloft there to the royal mast-head. True, they rather order me about some, and make me jump from spar to spar, like a grasshopper in a May meadow. And at first, this sort of thing is unpleasant enough. It touches one's sense of honor, particularly if you come of an old established family in the land, the Van Rensselaers, or Randolphs, or Hardicanutes. And more than all, if just previous to putting your hand into the tar-pot, you have been lording it as a country schoolmaster, making the tallest boys stand in awe of you. The transition is a keen one, I assure you, from a schoolmaster to a sailor, and requires a strong decoction of Seneca and the Stoics to enable you to grin and bear it. But even this wears off in time.What of it, if some old hunks of a sea-captain orders me to get a broom and sweep down the decks? What does that indignity amount to, weighed, I mean, in the scales of the New Testament? Do you think the archangel Gabriel thinks anything the less of me, because I promptly and respectfully obey that old hunks in that particular instance? Who ain't a slave? Tell me that. Well, then, however the old sea-captains may order me about- however they may thump and punch me about, I have the satisfaction ofknowing that it is all right; that everybody else is one way or other served in much the same way- either in a physical or metaphysical point of view, that is; and so the universal thump is passed round, and all hands should rub each other's shoulder-blades, and be content.Again, I always go to sea as a sailor, because they make a point of paying me for my trouble, whereas they never pay passengers a single penny that I ever heard of. On the contrary, passengers themselves must pay. And there is all the difference in the world between paying and being paid. The act of paying is perhaps the most uncomfortable infliction that the two orchard thieves entailed upon us. But being paid, - what will compare with it? The urbane activity with which a man receives money is really marvelous, considering that we so earnestly believe money to be the root of all earthly ills, and that on no account can a monied man enter heaven. Ah! how cheerfully we consign ourselves to perdition!Finally, I always go to sea as a sailor, because of the wholesome exercise and pure air of the fore-castle deck. For as in this world, head winds are far more prevalent than winds from astern (that is, if you never violate the Pythagorean maxim), so for the most part the Commodore on the quarter-deck gets his atmosphere at second hand from the sailors on the forecastle. He thinks he breathes it first; but not so. In much the same way do the commonalty lead their leaders in many other things, at the same time that the leaders little suspect it. But wherefore it was that after having repeatedly smelt the sea as a merchant sailor, I should now take it into my head to go on a whaling voyage; this the invisible police officer of the Fates, who has the constant surveillance of me, and secretly dogs me, and influences me in some unaccountable way- he can better answer than anyone else. And, doubtless, my going on this whaling voyage, formed part of the grand programme of Providence that was drawn up a long time ago. It came in as a sort of brief interlude and solo between more extensive performances. I take it that this part of the bill must have run something like this:"Grand Contested Election for the Presidency of the United States."WHALING VOYAGE BY ONE ISHMAEL.""BLOODY BATTLE IN AFFGHANISTAN."Though I cannot tell why it was exactly that those stage managers, the Fates, put me down for this shabby part of a whaling voyage, when others were set down for magnificent parts in high tragedies, and short and easy parts in genteel comedies, and jolly parts in farces- though I cannot tell why this was exactly; yet, now that I recall all the circumstances, I think I can see a little into the springs and motives which being cunningly presented to me under various disguises, induced me to set about performing the part I did, besides cajoling me into the delusion that it was a choice resulting from my own unbiased freewill and discriminating judgment.Chief among these motives was the overwhelming idea of the great whale himself. Such a portentous and mysterious monster roused all my curiosity. Then the wild and distant seas where he rolled his island bulk; the undeliverable, nameless perils of the whale; these, with all the attending marvels of a thousand Patagonian sights and sounds, helped to sway me to my wish. With other men, perhaps, such things would not have been inducements; but as for me, I am tormented with an everlasting itch for things remote. I love to sail forbidden seas, and land on barbarous coasts. Not ignoring what is good, I am quick to perceive a horror, and could still be social with it- would they let me- since it is but well to be on friendly terms with all the inmates of the place one lodges in.By reason of these things, then, the whaling voyage was welcome; the great flood-gates of the wonder-world swung open, and in the wild conceits that swayed me to my purpose, two and two there floated into my inmost soul, endless processions of the whale, and, mid most of them all, one grand hooded phantom, like a snow hill in the air.2.Read the following Sonnet by William Shakespeare (1564-1616), and write an analytical essay in about 250 words. (25 points)Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?Thou art more lovely and more temperate:Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,And Summer's lease hath all too short a date:Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,And often is his gold complexion dimm'd;And every fair from fair sometime declines,By chance, or nature's changing course, untrimm'd:But thy eternal summer shall not fadeNor lose possession of that fair thou owest;Nor shall death brag thou wander'st in his shadeWhen in eternal lines to time thou growest:So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,So long lives this and this gives life to thee.。

357华南理工大学2018 年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷（试卷上做答无效，请在答题纸上做答，试后本卷必须与答题纸一同交回）科目名称：英语翻译基础适用专业：英语笔译(专硕)共页I.Translate each of the following statements into Chinese (50):1.John saw the writing on the wall for the British car industry two decadesago.2.Without tools man is nothing, with tools, he is all.3.There is a mixture of the tiger and the ape in the character of Trump.4.Snow was treated very shabbily by the U.S. press and officialdom duringthis period, victimized for his views.5.Our journey has brought us halfway across northern China.6.I was, and remain, grateful for the part he played in my election.7.Rainbows are formed when sunlight passes through small drops of water inthe sky.8.Greenland is not a continent, as people thought.9.He was a bit of a dog in his younger days.10.It was another one of those Catch-22 situations, you’re damned if you doand you’re damned if you don’t.II.Translate each of the following statements into English (50):1. 我的脑海中为什么只有他的影子呢？2. 她性格内向、脾气不好，总是郁郁寡欢。