Money makes the mare go.
有钱能使鬼推磨
Money is not everything, but without money you can't do anything.
钞票不是万能的,但没有钱是万万不能的.
time is money时间就是金钱
With money, you can buy medicine but not health, room but not warmness, dressing but not beauty,marriage but not happiness.金钱可以买药品但不能买来健康，可以买房子但不能买来温馨，可以买服装但买不到美丽，可以促成婚姻但不能买来幸福.
Time is money.时间就是金钱。
Money is the root of all evils.金钱是万恶之源。
You lend money to a person, he may becomes your friend, when you dun for it,he may becomes your enemy.借钱给一个人，他会成为你的朋友，但你讨债时，他会成为你的敌人。
所谓典故性成语，指的是出自历史事件、寓言、神话、传说等一类的成语。其特点是源远流长，富含较浓厚的民族色彩，广为民间使用，约定俗成。如果说多以词、词组、句子形式出现是语言的结构特征，那么作为语言一分支的典故性成语多以词组形式而很少以句子形式出现。它虽然结构简单，但内容丰富，意义精深。其形式的固定性、意义的整体性表明不可随意改变它的结构，也不可随便将其中的各词分割开来。如cat's paw，可谓最简单不过的了，但又绝非杜撰和臆造，而是出自法国拉丰丹的一则寓言故事，讲一只猴子利用猫为其从火中取栗子。在现实生活中则常用来指被别人当作工具或爪牙利用的人。又如no respecter of persons在用字方面也可谓比较简单，它出自《新约·使徒行传》第十章：“Then Peter opened his mouth，and said，of a truth I perceive that God is no respecter of persons，”原指上帝“不偏待人”，如今该成语在本义的基础上暗含“歧视”之义，然而在不民的语境中效果却不一样。G·D·H·Cole曾在“Practical Economics”中用此成语来说明墨索里尼“不偏待人”，其实是对他的讽刺。如果能将此类成语运用得恰到好处，就会使文章、演说等大为增色，从而说明深刻的道理，使人受到深刻的教育。下面拟就典故性成语的来源与汉译作下探讨：
一、源于历史故事或历史事件。历史上出现过众多的著名历史故事或事件，后人常用一简洁说法表达其内容，沿用久了就成了成语。如Sword damocles出自古代希腊的一则历史故事。业通古希腊历史、文学的罗马杰出作家与政论家西塞罗（106BC?3BC）在其论文《图斯库拉的谈话》中写道：“纪元前4世纪西西里岛上叙拉古的统治者狄奥尼修斯一世（406BC?67BC）有个亲信的佞叫达摩克里斯，他很羡慕帝王的豪华生活，常说：“君王是人世间最幸福的人”。狄奥尼修斯为了教训这个想得君位者，在一次宴会上，要他坐在国王的宝座上，当他猛然抬头，只见头顶上有一把用头发悬着的宝剑，随时都刺到头顶的危险。他
吓得战战兢兢，如坐针毡，时刻提心吊胆，惶惶不安。由此便产生了“达摩克里斯的宝剑”这个成语，它被用来比喻临头的危险或情况的危急，类似于汉语的“千钧一发”。又如burn one?s boats（bridges），此成语中的bridges为美国人所使用，原指古罗马朱力斯·凯撒大军乘船越过Rubicon后就把船烧了，以此向士兵指明后路已断，不可能后退。现借用来比喻“不留后路，下定决心干到底”，同汉语的“破釜沉舟“。
二、源于寓言故事。寓言是用比喻的形式说明一定的道理，是文学作品中最为短小精练的一种形式。如kill the goose to get the eggs，源于希腊寓言，说的是曾有一个乡下人，因为发财心切杀死了自己饲养的那只能下金蛋的鹅，以为如此就可一次获得全部想象中的金块，但其结果一无所获。现借比喻只贪图眼前利益，没有长远打算。但汉语中不说“杀鹅取卵”而说“杀鸡取卵”，喻体不同，因此汉译时须遵循汉语成语的搭配规律。又如Veper and File出自《伊索寓言》，说的是一条蝰蛇（Viper）发现一把铁锉（File），以为是一顿美餐。但铁锉说，它的天职是咬别人，而不是被别人咬。后人借此比喻“骗人者反受人骗”，汉译时要作直译或意译处理。
三、源于神话故事。神话是关于神仙或神化的古代英雄的故事，是古代人们对自然现象和社会生活的一种天真的解释和美好向往。如rain cats and dogs，源于北欧神话，猫对天气有很大影响，英国水手至今说：“猫尾巴藏大风”。据说驾暴风雨的巫士化为猫形。狗是风的信号，狗和狼都是暴风雨神奥丁的随从。在德国古画中，风被画成狗头和狼头。因此，猫被年作暴雨的象征，狗是伴随暴雨的强风，to rain cats and dogs 就是to rain heavily/hard，汉译便为“下倾盆大到雨”。又如Analthea's horn，汉译常为“丰饶的羊角”。阿玛尔忒亚（Amalthea），希腊祖籍中一神女，是宙斯（Zeus为主神，相当于罗马神话中的朱庇特Jupiter）的保姆。婴儿时宙斯由神女阿玛尔忒亚喂以羊乳。为了感思，宙斯敲下一羊角送给她。许诺让羊角主人永远丰饶。
四、传说。传说指的是人们口头流传下来的关于某人某事的叙述。如swan song，据传说，音乐之神阿波罗（Apollo）的灵魂进入了一只天鹅，由此产生了毕达哥斯寓言：所有杰出诗人的灵魂都进入天鹅体内。另据相传天鹅（swan）在临终前唱的歌最优美动听。后人就用swan song来比喻诗人、作曲家、演员等的“最后作品”，这也是其汉译形式。又如Leave no stone unturned，相传公元前447年波斯奖军马多尼奥斯在希腊的普拉蒂亚兵败被杀后，留下一大批财宝在军帐里。底比斯的波利克拉特斯搜寻却一无所获，请示德尔斐神谕后知道要“翻转所有的石头”，最后找到了财宝。现借此比喻想方设法等，汉译为“千方百计，想尽办法”。
五、源于民间飞俗。如a bird of ill omen，源出古代占卜风俗，延至今日，猫头鹰、鹳则被视为吉祥鸟）。渡鸟嗅觉灵敏，能确定远方死尸和腐尸地点。因此渡鸟象征死亡。猫头鹰在恶劣天气来临之前喊叫，而坏天气常带来疾病，故猫头鹰被视为丧鸟，阴森之鸟。后人以此比喻“不吉利的人，常带来不幸消息的人”，汉译也是如此。又如a feather in your cap，汉译为“值得荣耀的事、荣誉”。源于广泛流行于亚洲和美洲印第安人当中的一种风俗：每杀死一个敌人就在头饰或帽子上加插一根羽毛。古代吕西亚人和许多其他古人也有类似风俗，均以此来显示战绩与荣誉。
六、源于谚语。谚语是在人闪中间流传的固定语句，用简单通俗的话反映出深刻的道理，是社会生活经验的总结。如birds of a feather棾鲎匝栌顱birds of a feather flock together.即“物以类聚，人以群分”，转义为“一丘之貉”。在《鲁迅全集》中有这样一句：“增加混乱的倒是有些悲观论者……将一切作者诋为…一丘之貉?”。其英译为In fact it is these pessimists who increase the chaos by…considering all writers birds of a feather.又如early bird，其汉泽为“早起者，早到的人”，源出谚语The early bird gets/catches the worm.意为“捷足先登（得），先下手为强”。比较First come，first served.意指“先到的先招待”，与前一个有所不同。
七、源于某些作品。英语中有较好的成语出自某些作品，有的是原封未动的摘引，有的是节缩而成。如wash one?s hands of a thing，可译为“洗手不干……；与……断绝关系”。出自《马太福音》，犹太巡抚彼拉多主持审判耶稣，由于他判定耶稣无罪，一些犹太人不服，因此他当众宣布洗耳恭听手辞职并交出了耶稣，以示自己与此案无关。又如as significant as the shake of Lord Burleigh?s head，其汉译为“象拍利勋爵晃脑袋般意味深长”。出自爱尔兰剧作家及政治家谢尼丹在《评论家》中的一幕模拟悲剧《西班牙无敌舰队》。伯利勋爵埋头于国事，日理万机，忙得边说话的时间都没有，靠晃脑袋表达思想。普夫则根据这个晃动解释他所表示的意思。
八、源于动物、植物、生活用品、人名、地名等。如：⑴shed crocodile tears，据西方古代传说，鳄鱼吃人畜，一边吃，一边掉眼泪，比喻坏人假装同情被害者。类似于汉语“猫哭老鼠，假慈悲”，且人们常采用此语的前一部分作为其汉译。例如All your piteous words for the tenants are no more than crocodile tears.其汉译为“你这些怜惜佃户的话，都是猫哭老鼠”。⑵the apple of discord，其汉译为“争斗的原因或根源”。传说厄里斯女神未被邀请参加Thetis和Peleus的婚礼，她就把苹果扔有参加婚礼的神与神中间。特洛伊王子帕里斯把它给了三个女神中最漂亮的维纳斯。这就间接地引起了古希腊人和特洛伊人之间的特洛伊战争。⑶Simon Legree，此人是美国女作家斯陀夫人所著《汤姆大伯的小屋》一书中管黑奴的工头，此人既尖酸刻薄，又好吹毛求疵。其汉译为“尖酸刻薄、好吹毛求疵的人”。⑷being Burke，其汉译为“出身名门，贵族门第”。源于编纂《贵族人名录》作者爱尔兰人约翰·伯克（John Burke）之名，该《人名录》自1826年以来一直被公认是研究英国贵族阶级及其家谱的权威著作。故列入伯克氏贵族人名录即为贵族出身。⑸all Dutch/Greek to me，其汉译为“一窍不通”，其中Dutch与Greek原为“荷兰语”和“希腊语”。⑹have the free-simple
of May Fair，其汉译为“不受出身等限制无条件继承取得的不动产”，其中May Fair乃“伦敦西区贵族住宅区”，十八世纪时该地区每年五月均有集市，因而得名。⑺Life is but an empty dream，其汉译为“人生如梦”。源于美国诗人Longfellow的诗文。⑻lose face汉译为“面部”或“脸”之意。⑼Jack of all trades 汉译为“杂而不精的人”，出自Jack of all trades and master of none.其中Jack原为“杰克”，trades 指“多种行业”。⑽spill the beans，汉译为“泄漏消息（秘密）”，bean原为“豆类；豆科植物”等。⑾be fond of the cup/the bottle，汉译为“贪杯中之物；好酒”，cup与bottle原为“茶杯”和“瓶子”。⑿Roman holiday，汉译为“欣赏别人受苦的娱乐”，而非“罗马的假日”。⒀as cool as cucumber，汉译为“十分冷静”，其中cucumber原指“黄瓜”。⒁like a brick，汉译为“拼命的”，brick原指“砖”。⒂have a ball at one?s foot，汉译为“有成功的机会”，源于足球运动。⒃be off the track汉译为“走入歧途，迷失方向”等，源于狩猎，原指猎狗失去嗅迹。
以上简要地谈了英语中典故性成语的来源与汉译。其实英语中还有许多这样的成语，而且掌握它们也并不那么容易，加上汉语中此类成语也不少，且它们具有类似的特点与作用，尤其是象“破釜沉舟”等一类成语，英汉两种语言的彼此巧合，会使人误以为这两种语言是彼此相通且文化背景一致。这样就错了。汉语中的“破釜沉舟”出自《史记·项羽本纪》：“项羽乃悉引兵流河，皆沉船，破釜甑，烧庐舍，持三日粮，以示士卒必死，无一还心”。双如“杀鹅取卵”，汉语中则说“杀鸡取蛋（卵）”。因此，只要透析两种语言的渊源，就不难发现其不同所在。而要使学习者克服因这些不同所带来的困难，就必须引导他们从所语言的角度去认识、去掌握与运用，切忌把两种典故性成语混为一谈，如汉语中的“猫哭老鼠”译为英语就须用crocodile's tears，否则很可能会叫人不知所云，反之亦然。有人常犯诸如生搬硬套的错误，主要原因是平时学习中不注意积累有关典故性成语来源的知识与汉译的技巧，不了解英语受世界文化影响的程度，故不能灵活运用。对于学习汉语多年的外国人，如不了解中国古代光辉灿烂的文化，不留心典故性成语之出处，肯定会弄不清像“请君不瓮”等一类典故性成语的来历。因此，要在英语教学中适当改进教学内容，利用课常讲授或已有的园地刊载典故性成语来源的文章，从而更好地促进英语教学。
参考文献
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中国成语英文版100个 中国成语的英文版100 个 1.赔了夫人又折兵Suffer a double loss; lose the bait along with the fish. 2.抛砖引玉A modest spur to induce others to come forward with valuable contributions; throw a sprat to catch a mackerel. 3.破釜沉舟Cut off all means of retreat；burn one"s own way of retreat and be determined to fight to the end. 3.抢得先机Take the preemptive opportunities. 4.巧妇难为无米之炊One can"t make bricks without straw. 5.千里之行始于足下 A thousand-li journey begins with the first step--the highest eminence is to be gained step by step. 6.前事不忘，后事之师Past experience, if not forgotten, is a guide for the future. 7.前怕狼，后怕虎Fear wolves ahead and tigers behind; hesitate in doing something. 8.强龙难压地头蛇The mighty dragon is no match for the native serpent. 9.瑞雪兆丰年A fall of seasonal snow gives promise of a fruitful year. 10.人逢喜事精神爽People are in high spirits when involved in happy events. 11.世上无难事，只怕有心人Where there is a will, there is a way. 12.世外桃源A retreat away from the turmoil of the world. 13.人之初，性本善Humans are born good. 14.上有天堂，下有苏杭Just as there is paradise in heaven, there are Suzhou and Hangzhou on earth 15.塞翁失马，焉知非福 A blessing in disguise; Every cloud has a silver lining. 16.三十而立A man should be independent at the age of thirty. /At thirty, a man should be able to think for himself. 17.水涨船高A ship rises with the tide 18.时不我待Time and tide wait for no man. 19.杀鸡用牛刀Use a steam-hammer to crack nuts. 20.实事求是Seek truth from facts; be practical and realistic; be true to facts. 21.说曹操，曹操到Speak of the devil. 22.实话实说Speak the plain truth; call a spade
中国成语英语翻译大全 Where there is a will, there is a way。有志者。事竟成爱屋及乌Love me，love my dog. 百闻不如一见Seeing is believing。比上不足，比下有余"worse off than some, better off than many; to fall short of the best， but be better than the worst 笨鸟先飞 A slow sparrow should make an early start。不眠之夜white night 不以物喜,不以己悲not pleased by external gains，not saddened by personnal losses 不遗余力spare no effort; go all out； do one\'s best 不打不成交”No discord, no concord. 拆东墙补西墙rob Peter to pay Paul 辞旧迎新bid farewell to the old and usher in the new； ring out the old year and ring in the new 大事化小,小事化了try first to make their mistake sound less serious and then to reduce it to nothing at all 大开眼界open one\'s eyes; broaden one\'s horizon; be an eye-opener 国泰民安The country flourishes and people live in peace 过犹不及going too far is as bad as not going far enough; beyond is as wrong as falling short； too much is as bad as too little 功夫不负有心人Everything comes to him who waits。好了伤疤忘了疼once on shore， one prays no more 好事不出门，恶事传千里Good news never goes beyond the gate, while bad news spread far and wide. 和气生财Harmony brings wealth 活到老，学到老One is never too old to
英语成语是英语词汇中的重要精华部分。社会生活的各个方面是英语成语取之不尽的源泉，当代英语中最常用的成语有4000余条。许多常用的英语成语来自《圣经》(Bible)和莎士比亚（Shakespeare）等文学名著。英语成语主要是口语，而汉语成语主要是书面语；English idiom 字数不固定，而汉语成语多为四字词组。下面分广义和狭义来论述英语成语。 一、英语成语的理解 （一）广义的英语成语的理解 从文体学来说，广义的英语成语（idiom）包括谚语（proverb）、俚语(slang)、俗语（colloquial）、成对词（twin words）、三词词组（trinomials）、熟语（catchphrase, lexical phrase ）和习惯搭配（habitual collocation, restricted collocation）等。现举例如下： 1. 谚语、格言(proverb)，警句(sentence idiom)。 英语谚语常有缩写形式，类似汉语的歇后语。例如： 1) Proverbs are children of experience.谚语是经验的产物。 2) It' s no use crying over spilt milk.倒翻牛奶，哭也没用。缩写形式：Cry over spilt milk. 含义：覆水难收。 2. 俚语（slang）。 俚语为某些人群和地区所特有，适用范围有严格限制，使用时要注意其使用的得体性和意义的准确性。例如： 1）screw up 弄糟、一塌胡涂He screwed the whole thing up from start to finish. 他自始至终一塌胡涂。 2）Pay off 贿赂 chat up 与异性搭讪 3. 口语（colloquial）。例如： snake in the grass 暗箭 hit below the belt \ stab in the back 暗箭伤人 cut the ground from under sb. 在某人背后搞鬼 4. 成对词（twin words, irreversible binomials 或 words in pairs）。英国学者福勒(H.W.Fowler) 把它比作“连体双胞胎”(Siamese twins)，称为重言法（hendiadys）。例如： beer and skittles 吃喝玩乐，wax and wane 盛衰，weal and woe祸福。 5. 三词词组（trinomials）。有些固定的三词词组也被归为成语，因为它们大都也是一些固定的讲法。例如：
“四字格”翻译 （一）并列关系 名山大川famous mountains and great rivers 名胜古迹scenic spots and historical sites 湖光山色landscape of lakes and hills 青山绿水green hills and clear waters 奇松怪石strangely-shaped pines and grotesque rock formations 平等互利equality and mutual benefit 扬长避短play up strengths and avoid weaknesses 反腐倡廉fight corruption and build a clean government 简政放权streamline administration and institute decentralization 集思广益draw on collective wisdon and absorb all useful ideas 国泰民安the country flourish and the people live in peace and harmony 政通人和the government functions well and people cooperate well 国计民生national welfare and the people’s livelihood 辞旧迎新bid farewell to the old year and usher in the new 徇私舞弊bend the law for personal gain and engage in fraud 流连忘返linger on with no thought of leaving for home 国际局势复杂多变the complex and volatile international situation 开拓进取blaze new trails and forge ahead
（一）并列关系 名山大川famous mountains and great rivers 名胜古迹scenic spots and historical sites 湖光山色landscape of lakes and hills 青山绿水green hills and clear waters 奇松怪石strangely-shaped pines and grotesque rock formations 平等互利equality and mutual benefit 扬长避短play up strengths and avoid weaknesses 反腐倡廉fight corruption and build a clean government 简政放权streamline administration and institute decentralization 集思广益draw on collective wisdon and absorb all useful ideas 国泰民安the country flourish and the people live in peace and harmony 政通人和the government functions well and people cooperate well 国计民生national welfare and the people’s livelihood 辞旧迎新bid farewell to the old year and usher in the new 徇私舞弊bend the law for personal gain and engage in fraud 流连忘返linger on with no thought of leaving for home 国际局势复杂多变the complex and volatile international situation 开拓进取blaze new trails and forge ahead 求同存异seek common ground while shelving differences （二）语意重复 广袤无垠的中华大地the boundless expanse of the Chinese territory 高瞻远瞩的决策a visionary/far-sighted decision 贯彻落实重大决策carry out/ implement a series of major policy decisions 层峦叠嶂peaks rising one after another 优胜劣汰survival of the fittest 延年益寿prolong one’s life 灵丹妙药panacea / miraculous cure 长治久安a long period of stability 求真务实pragmatic 审时度势size up the trend of events 招商引资attract investment 誉满全球举世闻名world-renowned 功在当代，利在千秋in the interest of the current and future generations 继往开来，承前启后(continue the past and open up the future ) break new ground for the future 路遥知马力，日久见人心Time will tell. 吃的苦中苦，方知甜中甜no sweet without sweat 车到山前必有路，船到桥头自然直in the end things mend /there’s always a way out 急功近利eager for instant success and quick profits 大黑扫黄crack down on gangland and pornography
一朝被蛇咬，十年怕草绳 Once bitten, twice shy. 一言既出，驷马难追 A word spoken is past recalling. 一见钟情 to fall in love at first sight 一箭双雕/一举两得 Kill two birds with one stone. 一寸光阴一寸金 Time is money. 一失足成千古恨 The error committed on impulse may turn out to be the sorrow of a whole life. 一将功名万古枯 What millions died that Caesar might be great. 一年之计在于春，一日之计在于晨 Plan your year in spring and your day at dawn. 一人难称百人意 You cannot please everyone. 一气呵成 Never make two bites of a cherry. 九死一生 to have a hair-breadth escape 九牛一毛 a drop in the bucket 人生如梦 Life is but a dream. 人生自古谁无死 Death comes to all men. 人不可貌相 Appearances are often deceptive./ Never judge a book by its cover. 人山人海 a sea of faces：How many people are there in the stadium? Believe it or not, a sea of faces. 人云亦云 echo others' words 人面兽心 a wolf in sheep's clothing 人言可畏 Opinion rules the world 十年风水轮流转 Every dog has its day. 十全十美 leave nothing to be desired 十拿九稳 win something in the bag. 十万火急? in hot haste 力不从心? my spirit is willing, but my flesh is weak 力挽狂澜 try to stem the tide 入乡随俗 Do in Rome as the Romans do. 七上八下 to be sixes and sevens 八面玲珑 smooth and able to win favour on all sides
一、英语成语及谚语中某些常见误解与误译由于汉语与英语、东方人与西方人之间文化背景及思维方式的巨大差异,中国人在理解英语成语、谚语时极易产生偏差。比如,有一个成语Claw me,and I’llclaw t hee.有人把它译成“以牙还牙”。这样理解就错了。应译成“你吹捧我,我吹捧你。”错译的人认为,claw 一词意为“用爪子抓”,你既然要抓我,作为报复,我也就抓你,这不是顺理成章的“以牙还牙,以眼还眼”吗?其实,大谬不然。Claw过去意为stroke;tickle(拍;呵痒),因而引申为“讨好,恭维”。由此可见,切不可单就一个词似是而非的表面意义,进行想当然的推理或类比来理解成语。另外,中国人学习英语成语往往容易犯的一个毛病就是把英语中的某些单词与汉语中概念相类似的内容进行同比,从而造成理解上的错误。例如,把to pullone’s leg(取笑某人)误解为“拖某人后腿”。把towake a sleeping wolf(自找麻烦),误解为“打草惊蛇”,把to keep the wolf from the door(使免于饥饿)误译为“御敌于门外”等等。要知道,上述例子中,pull sb’s leg寓有“故意愚弄”之意。To wake a sleeping wolf(吵醒一条睡着的狼),其后果不是把狼吓跑,而很有可能是这头狼扑过来咬你,故不应理解为“打草惊蛇”而应该是“自找麻烦”。还有,有人把a walking skeleton(骨瘦如柴的人)误解成“行尸走肉”。这一错误估计根源于 skeleton(骨骼,骷髅)这个词的词意。这一成语的寓意旨在形容一个人瘦得只剩一付骨头架子。然而某些联想力丰富的人就把skeleton类比为“僵尸”,在加上前面正好有walking一词,于是“,行尸走肉”这样一个现成的中国成语就被错误的引申出来了。请看,由于理解的不同,同一个成语的两种译义竟会如此大相径庭。还有些人不懂得英语成语的特点,只单纯从表面上的词义来进行推理判断。这当然就会造成理解上的差错和失误。比如,有的人把to eat one’s words(承认错误)误解成“自食其言”,把to have a word with sb.(与某人吵架)误解成“与某人交谈”。其实“与某人交谈”的英语为to have a word with sb.。把to take one’sbreat h away(使某人大吃一惊)误解为“使某人窒息而死”等等。笔者的一个学生曾把下面这个句字I am go2ing to take my wife’s breat h away t his evening.(我打算今晚让我的妻子大吃一惊)误译成“:我打算今晚掐死我的妻子。”问他为什么这么译,他说“:把呼吸拿走,人不就死了吗?”二、利用对比法正确理解英语成语、谚语以上各例无一不是由于不恰当的联想、推理、类比和引申造成的理解上的错误。由此可见,要学好成语,正确的理解是十分必要的。笔者认为,为了加深对成语的理解,可以运用两种不同的对比法:(一)英语本身的对比在英语中,由于用词的不同,往往使表面上似乎一样的词组或短语产生内在含义上的巨大区别。例如:tosmell a rat和to scent a rat这两个词组,单纯从词面上看,都可译成“闻到了老鼠的气味”。但to smell a rat是一个成语,要译成“怀疑(其中有诈)”。例如:From thestrange expression on his face and what he told me,I be2gan to smell a rat.(从他脸上奇怪的表情和他告诉我的事情来看,我开始产生怀疑)。而to scent a rat却并非成语,也无其他暗含的喻义,只表示闻到了老鼠的气味而已。(二)英汉两种语言的对比有些英语成语在表面含义上往往与汉语的某一成语接近,但仔细推敲,两者的含义却并不相同。例如,tot hrow a sprat to catch a whale直译为“投一条小鲸鱼去捕捉一条大鲸”。有人把它译成了“抛砖引玉”。这一理解是错误的。尽管该成语与汉语中的“抛砖引玉”的确有意义上的相似之处,但仔细对比,两者只是似是而非罢了。要知道“,抛砖引玉”指的是用自己不太好的东西去引诱旁人献出其珍品,通常只是在一个人自谦的场合下用来作为客气语。而上述英语成语却带有以小的代价
成语英语翻译大全 爱屋及乌Love me,love my dog. 百闻不如一见Seeing is believing. 比上不足，比下有余"worse off than some,better off than many;tofall short of the best,but be better than the worst 笨鸟先飞A slow sparrow should make an early start. 不眠之夜white night 不以物喜，不以己悲not pleased by external gains,not saddenedby personnal losses 不遗余力spare no effort;go all out;do one‘s best 不打不成交"No discord,no concord. 拆东墙补西墙rob Peter to pay Paul 辞旧迎新bid farewell to the old and usher in the new;ring out theold year and ring in the new 大事化小，小事化了try first to make their mistake sound lessserious and then to reduce it to nothing at all 大开眼界open one‘s eyes;broaden one‘s horizon;be aneye-opener 国泰民安The country flourishes and people live in peace 过犹不及going too far is as bad as not going far enough;beyond isas wrong as falling short;too much is as bad as too little 功夫不负有心人Everything comes to him who waits. 好了伤疤忘了疼once on shore,one prays no more 好事不出门，恶事传千里Good news never goes beyond the gate,while bad news spread far and wide. 和气生财Harmony brings wealth 活到老，学到老One is never too old to learn. 既往不咎let bygones be bygones 金无足赤,人无完人Gold can‘t be pure and man can‘t be perfect. 金玉满堂Treasures fill the home 脚踏实地be down-to-earth 脚踩两只船sit on the fence 君子之交淡如水the friendship between gentlemen is as pure ascrystal;a hedge between keeps friendship green 老生常谈，陈词滥调cut and dried,cliché 礼尚往来Courtesy calls for reciprocity. 留得青山在，不怕没柴烧"Where there is life,there is hope." 马到成功achieve immediate victory;win instant success 名利双收gain in both fame and wealth 茅塞顿开be suddenly enlightened 没有规矩不成方圆Nothing can be accomplished without norms orstandards. 每逢佳节倍思亲On festive occasions more than ever one thinks of one‘s dear onesfar away.It is on the festival occasions when one misses his dearmost. 谋事在人，成事在天"The planning lies with man,the outcome withHeaven./Man proposes,God disposes." 弄巧成拙be too smart by half;Cunning outwits itself. 拿手好戏masterpiece
中文摘要 特色词汇是中国研究中相当重要的一部分。中国特色词汇是表达中国文化中的特有事物，其中蕴藏着中国千百年文化的内涵，当中国的文化传出中国走向世界的时候，这些中国特色词汇又是怎样不失原味的被翻译成外语从而被外国人所接受的呢？本文将以中国特色词汇翻译成为例，介绍了一些中国特色词汇的被译成英语的方法，它们分别是音译、直译、意译等，通过这些方法可使大家基本了解中国特色词汇在英语交际是怎样被转换并被使用的，逐渐融合进传统英语中的，以满足人们日常生活中用英语交流的需要。除此之外，还将浅谈中国特色词汇所对应的特别的英文词汇出现的原因之一：中西文化差异造成的词汇空缺。并对文化差异进行细分详细阐述。还将提出一些关于中国特色词汇在英语国家传播的前景的看法。 关键词：中国特色词汇；文化差异；翻译 Abstract Chinese culture-loaded words are becoming increasingly important in the study of China English. Chinese culture-loaded words refer to the uniqueness of Chinese items, and of course, contain the connotation of Chinese culture. With the wide spread of Chinese culture to the world, how can they be understood and accepted by foreigners accurately in translation? The paper, by giving a good number of examples, introduces some methods of translating Chinese culture-loaded words, including transliteration, literal translation, free translation and so on. These methods help to understand how Chinese culture-loaded words are
爱屋及乌Love me, love my dog. 百闻不如一见Seeing is believing. 比上不足，比下有余"worse off than some, better off than many; to fall short of the best, but be better than the worst 笨鸟先飞A slow sparrow should make an early start. 不眠之夜white night 不以物喜，不以己悲not pleased by external gains, not saddened by personnal losses 不遗余力spare no effort; go all out; do one‘s best 不打不成交"No discord, no concord. 拆东墙补西墙rob Peter to pay Paul 辞旧迎新bid farewell to the old and usher in the new; ring out the old year and ring in the new 大事化小，小事化了try first to make their mistake sound less serious and then to reduce it to nothing at all 大开眼界open one‘s eyes; broaden one‘s horizon; be an eye-opener 国泰民安The country flourishes and people live in peace 过犹不及going too far is as bad as not going far enough; beyond is as wrong as falling short; too much is as bad as too little 功夫不负有心人Everything comes to him who waits. 好了伤疤忘了疼once on shore, one prays no more 好事不出门，恶事传千里Good news never goes beyond the gate, while bad news spread far and wide. 和气生财Harmony brings wealth 活到老，学到老One is never too old to learn. 既往不咎let bygones be bygones 金无足赤,人无完人Gold can‘t be pure and man can‘t be perfect.
英语经典成语故事带翻译 成语寓言故事:Flying High and Far to Distant Places远走高飞 Tian Rao had served Ai Gong, King of the State of Lu, for many years, but he was never appointed to any important position. 田饶虽然服侍鲁哀公多年，但是仍然没有受到重用。 One day, Tian Rao said to Ai Gong of Lu: 有一天，田饶对鲁哀公说: "I am going to leave Your Majesty, and fly high and far to distant places like the swan goose." “我要离开大王，像鸿雁那样远走高飞。” "What do you mean?" asked Ai Gong. 鲁哀公说:“你这是什么意思?” Tian Rao replied: 田饶回答说: "Haven't Your Majesty seen a rooster before? It has a red cockscomb on its head and looks very elegant. It has sharp claws on its feet and is of martial bearing. When facing enemies, it is very brave and vigorous and fights to the bitter end. When it fords food, it will call its pals to enjoy together, and is very kind. It keeps watch during the night and crows at dawn, never bungles matters and is very honest. Though the rooster has these five merits, Your Majesty still order your subordinates to cook it for food. Why is that so? Because it is near to Your Majesty." “大王难道没有见过雄鸡吗?它头上戴着红冠，非常文雅;脚上有锋利的爪子，格外英武;面对敌人敢打敢拼，十分勇猛;看见食物就呼唤同伴一道享用，多么仁义;晚上守夜，黎明报晓，从来不会误事，极其诚实!雄鸡虽然有这五种长处，可是大王还是命令手下人把它煮了吃。为什么会这样呢?因为它就在大王身边啊!” Tian Rao paused and then continued: 田饶顿了顿，接着说:
英语成语翻译精选 有相当一部分成语可以用英语直接翻译出来，这样非常方便我们记忆。 （1）bad egg坏蛋，歹徒。 Trust him nothing；he is a bad egg。别信他，他是个坏蛋。 （2）crocodile tears鳄鱼的眼泪，假慈悲。 Don’t weep crocodile tears with his misfortune. I know you have always detested him and are only too happy to see him get into trouble。别假惺惺地为他的不幸难过了，我知道你一直讨厌他，看到他倒霉，心里可高兴哩！ （3）cry wolf呼喊“狼来了”，发假情报。 That politician cries wolf in every speech he makes。那个政治家在他的每篇演说中都发假警报。 （4）（that is）easier said than done说起来容易做起来难。 Easier said than done，let’s pay more attention to practice.
说起来容易做起来难，让我们多注意些实践吧！ （5）fish in troubled waters混水摸鱼，乘人之危。 He’s always been good at fishing in troubled waters; he made a lot of money by buying houses that were bombed in the war.他总是善于乘人之危大捞一把，他靠购买在战争中遭过轰炸的房屋而赚了大量的钱财。 （6）fish out of water离水之鱼，不得其所。 She felt like a fish of water at the evening party because she knew no one. 她在晚会上感到很局促，因为她一个人也不认识。 （7）gives someone an inch and he will take an ell得寸进尺。 If you give those people an inch，they’ll take an ell；we told them they might use our side path to reach their garden，now they have fenced in the path so that we cannot use it ourselves.那些人就是得寸进尺；我们对他们说，他们可以经过我们的小道进他们的花园，现
（一）并列关系 名山大川 famous mountains and great rivers 名胜古迹 scenic spots and historical sites 湖光山色 landscape of lakes and hills 青山绿水 green hills and clear waters 奇松怪石 strangely-shaped pines and grotesque rock formations 平等互利 equality and mutual benefit 扬长避短 play up strengths and avoid weaknesses 反腐倡廉 fight corruption and build a clean government 简政放权streamline administration and institute decentralization 集思广益 draw on collective wisdon and absorb all useful ideas 国泰民安 the country flourish and the people live in peace and harmony 政通人和 the government functions well and people cooperate well 国计民生national welfare and the people’s livelihood 辞旧迎新 bid farewell to the old year and usher in the new 徇私舞弊 bend the law for personal gain and engage in fraud 流连忘返 linger on with no thought of leaving for home 国际局势复杂多变the complex and volatile international situation
1、守株待兔： 相传在战国时代宋国，有一个农民，日出而作，日入而息．遇到好年景，也不过刚刚吃饱穿暖；一遇灾荒，可就要忍饥挨饿了．他想改善生活，但他太懒，胆子又特小，干什么都是又懒又怕，总想碰到送上门来的意外之财。 奇迹终于发生了。深秋的一天，他正在田里耕地，周围有人在打猎。吆喝之声四处起伏，受惊的小野兽没命的奔跑。突然，有一只兔子，不偏不倚，一头撞死在他田边的树根上。 当天，他美美地饱餐了一顿。 从此，他便不再种地。一天到晚，守着那神奇的树根，等着奇迹的出现。 成语“守株待兔”，比喻亡想不劳而得，或死守狭隘的经验，不知变通。 staying by a stump waiting for more hares to come and dash themselves against it this story took place more than 2,000 years ago,in the warring states period（475-221 b.c.）.tradition has it that in the state of song at that time there was a man who was famous for staying by a stump waiting for more hares to come and dash themselves against it. he was a yong farmer,and his family had been farmers for generations.year after year and generation after generation, farmers used to sow in spring and harvest in autumn,beginning to work at sunrise and retiring at sunset.in good harvest years,they could only have enough food to eat and enough clothing to wear.if there was a famine due to crop failure,they had to go hungry. this young farmer wanted to improve his life.but he was too lazy and too cowardly.being lazy and cowardly over everything,he often dreamed of having unexpected blessings. a miracle took place at last. one day in late autumn,when he was ploughing in the field,two groups of people were hunting nearby.as shoutings were rising one after another,scared hares were running desperately.suddenly,a blind hare dashed itself headlong against the stump of a dead tree in his field and died. that day,he ate his fill. from that day on,he no longer went in for farming again.from morning till night,he stayed by that miraculous stump,waiting for miracles to take place again. this story comes from"the five vermin"in the works of han https://www.doczj.com/doc/003778092.html,ter generations often use the set phrase"staying by a stump waiting for more hares to come and dash themselves against it"to