宾语从句：
在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。通俗的说就是一个句子做另一个句子的宾语. 主要跟在及物动词和介词之后。一般由“引导词＋主语＋谓语＋其它”构成，其语序是陈述句语序。
如何判断：
1．可以从整个句式看,宾语从句只能放在主句谓语动词之后。
2．从引导词看。if充当宾语从句的连接词时，相当于whether，词义为“是否”，when充当宾语从句的连接词时，意为“什么时候”。
3．从时态看。if和when作连接词时，引导宾语从句要注意：从句的谓语动词的时态应根据主句的时态作相应的变化。
所以宾语从句的三大要素：时态语序引导词
前世今生：
I know you . you are right.→I know you are right. /I know that you are right.
⏹引导词
✧that (后面是陈述句) I believe that you are an honest boy.
✧what which who I don’t know what they are going to d o.
what are they going to do？
whose whom Tell me whose PSP it is.（whose PSP is it？）where when Can you tell me where he lives?
where does he live?
Why how I know why he was late. (why was he late？) （特殊疑问句）
✧if / whether（一般疑问句/是否）I want to know if Miss Gao is back.
Is Miss Gao back？
✧另外，含how的词组也可引导宾语从句。主要有how old，how many，how much，how long，how
often，how far等。如：Do you know how old he is？
⏹语序：宾语从句的连词后要用陈述句语序。（主谓语句，即引导词后面直接跟主语）Who can tell us ————over there?
A．what they talk about B．what do they talk about
C．what are they talking about D．what they are talking about
注意：
what was the matter这个比较特殊，特殊疑问词在句中做主语时从句不改变语序。
⏹时态
✧主过从过：主句是过去的时态，从句要变成相应的过去的时态。从句动词过去式。
一般现在时→一般过去时；一般将来时→过去将来时；现在进行时→过去进行时；现在完成时→过去完成时
✧主现从随便：主句是一般现在的时态，从句根据句子选择。
She says that she is a policewoman. She said that she a policewoman.
She says that she will fly to Japan. She said that she fly to Japan.
✧真理规律永一现：真理、自然规律永远是一般现在时。
The teacher said that the earth moves around the sun.
宾语从句注意事项
⏹主句的谓语动词是say，think，tell，know，hear，see，feel，mean，hope，wish，remember，
forget等时，或主句的谓语动词是由形容词afraid，glad，sure，sorry等作表语的系表结构时，后面常接that引导的宾语从句。例如：
He says that he wants to speak to the headmaster．他说他想和校长说话。
I think that we need to buy some meat for the party．我认为我们需要为聚会买些肉。
I'm sorry（that）he isn't here right now．对不起，此刻他不在。
⏹从句的引导词that能省略吗？
that引导的宾语从句用来陈述事实，that本身无词义，在从句中不作任何成分，在口语中常常省略。
I guess （that）somebody else has borrowed it．我猜是别的人把它借走了。
I'm afraid（that）you'll have to wait．恐怕你得等一下。
注意：
◆从句前面有插入语时，引导词that不能省略；
◆如果有两个并列的宾语从句，第二个从句的引导词that也不能省略。
She may tell you，for example，that she is interested in Chinese．例如，她可能会告诉你，她对汉语感兴趣。Mr Read said（that）he taught English in a middle schoolin Beijing and that he came from Australia．里德先生说他在北京的一所中学教英语，他来自澳大利亚。
⏹连接代词和连接副词起引导宾语从句的作用，不再重复使用连接词，造成错误。
I can't see that what is over there．（×）此句中应去掉that。
⏹可用连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句的动词或短语动词有see，say，tell，ask，
answer，know，decide，find out，show，remember，choose等。如：
We can't decide who should go to Beijing first．我们不能决定谁应该先去北京。
Read the story below and find out who Father Christmas is．
读下面的故事，弄清楚圣诞老人是谁。
⏹否定前移；及完成反意问句；
主句是I ／We think ／suppose ／guess ／believe imagine / expect等，动词后跟宾语从句否定式时，应转移到主句上去，完成反意问句时，应与从句主/谓保持一致。
（注: 否定前移的条件是，主句主语是第一人称I .We）
I don't think he is right ,is he? 我认为他是不对的,是吗？
I don't believe they have finished their work yet, have they ? 我相信/认为他们还没有完成那项工作
例如：我认为鸡不会游泳。
误：I think chickens can not swim．正：I don't think chickens can swim．
注意：上述情况变成反意疑问句时，附加问句要看从句，如果主句的主语不是第一人称，则附加问句要看主句。试比较：
I think he is wrong，isn't he？He thinks he is right，doesn't he？
⏹特殊疑问句变宾语从句五注意
一、在引导词上，要将疑问代词或疑问副词变为连接代词或连接副词，引导宾语从句。如：
Whose bike is this？Does anybody know？→ Does anybody know whose bike this is？
二、宾语从句的时态应与主句的时态保持一致。如：
When the train will arrive？He asked me．→ He asked me when the train would arrive．
三、在语序上，要将疑问句语序改为陈述句语序。如：
