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人教版八年级下现在完成时讲与练文档编制序号：[KK8UY-LL9IO69-TTO6M3-MTOL89-FTT688]人教版八年级下册现在完成时Unit8：现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示）常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用.①for+时间段 Mary has been ill for three days.②since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从……以来）I have lived here since 1998.③since+时间段+ago I have lived here since six years ago.④since+从句（过去时） I have lived here since I was born.⑤It is+时段+since+从句（过去时）It’s six years since I lived here.（buy,die,join,come，go ,leave,join ……）不能直接与for since 连用。
要改变动词buy----have; borrow -----keep; come/arrive/reach/get to-----be in go out----be out ; leave ----be away ; begin-----be on ; finish----beover ;open----be open ; close -----be closed ; die----be dead★1.have代替buyMy brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years.★2、用keep或have代替borrowI have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days.★3、用be替代becomeHow long has your sister been a teacher★4、用have a cold代替catch a coldTom has had a cold since the day before yesterday.★5、用wear代替put onb)用“be＋形容词”表示一种状态，表延续性1、be＋married代marry2、be＋ill代fall (get) ill3、be＋dead代die4、be＋asleep代fall (get) asleep5、be＋awake代wake/wake up6、be＋gone代lose,die,sell,leave7、be＋open代open 8、be closed代close/shut9、be＋missing(gone,lost)代losec)用“be＋副词”表示一种状态，表延续性，代终止性动词1“be＋on”代start,begin 2“be＋up”代get up3“be＋back(to)”代return to,come back to,go back to4“be here (there)”代come(arrive,reach,get) here或go (arrive,reach,get) there等等d)用“be＋介词短语”代终止性动词1.“be in/at +地点”代替go to /come to2.用be in the army 代替join the army3.“be in/at +地点”代替move toUNIT9 has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in) 的区别Have/Has gone(to) :去了(现在不在说话现场)Where is your father？He has gone to Shanghai.Have/Has been (to) :去过（已不在去过的地方）My father has been to Shanghai.Have/has been in：呆了多久（还在所呆的地方）My father has been in Shanghai for two months. /since two months ago.现在完成时讲解一．基本结构：助动词have/has+(done)二．基本句型：否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他.一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他.简略答语: Yes, 主语 + have/has.(肯定) No, 主语 + haven't/hasn't.(否定)三．现在完成时的标志现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响,用以下四大标志词可以表达这种含义:* 以already, just和yet为标志He has already got her help. 他已得到她的帮助。
现在完成时1.构成现在完成时是由助动词have(has)+动词的过去分词构成。
助动词have(has)表明事情发生于现在。
它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。
过去分词在句子中做谓语，说明句子的含义。
2.用法（1）动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在有某种影响和结果。
常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。
如：-Have you had lunch yet? -Yes,I have. I've just had it.你（已经）吃午饭了吗？我刚刚吃过。
（现在我不饿了）（2）表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。
这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍然在进行。
常带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。
如：He has taught here since 1981他自1981年就在这儿教书。
（可能还要继续教）I have't seen her for four years.我有四年没见到她了。
（3）表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为汉语“过”，常带有twice,ever,never,three times等时间状语。
如：I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京二次。
3.现在完成时的时间状语（1）现在完成时属于现在时范围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。
如：yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。
但是，在强调动作产生的后果和影响时，可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。
a. 用副词already和yet。
already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。
如：We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。
They haven't finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。
b.用ever 和never。
八年级英语下册-现在完成时态的讲解与练习-人教新目标版-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1现在完成时讲解与练习1.构成现在完成时是由助动词 have(has)+动词的过去分词构成。
助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围。
它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。
过去分词是主要的谓语动词，说明句子的意义。
2.用法（1）表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。
常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。
如：-Have you had lunch yet -Yes,I have. I've just had it.你（已经）吃午饭了吗我刚刚吃过。
（现在我不饿了）（2）表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。
这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍然在进行。
常带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。
\如：He has taught here since 1981他自1981年就在这儿教书。
（可能还要继续教）I have't seen her for four years. 我有四年没见到她了。
3．结构1）．陈述句结构：主语＋have( has)（not）+过去分词＋其它。
have not=haven’t has not=hasn’t. 2）．一般疑问句结构：Have( Has )＋主语＋过去分词＋其它？3）．特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋have(has) +主语+ 过去分词＋其它？eg. He has already finished his homework. He hasn’t finished his homework yet.Has he finished his homework yet --Yes, he has./ No, he hasn’t./ No, not yet.（3）表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为汉语“过”，常带有twice, ever, never, three times等时间状语。
人教版八年级英语下册现在完成时讲解及练习现在完成时讲解现在完成时的基本结构是助动词have/has加上过去分词(done)。
在否定句中，主语后面要加上not，构成have/has not的形式。
在一般疑问句中，have/has要提到主语前面。
简略答语中，肯定回答要用Yes，后面跟主语和have/has；否定回答要用No，后面跟主语和haven't/hasn't。
现在完成时可以表示过去发生或已完成的动作对现在的影响或结果。
比如说，“I have spent all of my money (so far)”表示现在我没有钱花了。
另外，现在完成时也可以表示发生在过去某一时刻的、持续到现在的动作或状态。
这时常常和for（+时间段）或since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用。
例如，“Mary has been ill for three days”表示玛丽已经生病三天了，“I have lived here since 1998”表示我自1998年以来一直住在这里。
现在完成时还有一些标志词，可以表达过去完成的动作对现在的影响。
这些标志词包括already、just和yet。
例如，“He has al ready got her help”表示他已经得到她的帮助，“He hasn't come back yet”表示他还没有回来。
This is the best film I have ever seen。
I have never seen a better movie before.He has never been to Beijing before。
He has never had the chance to visit Beijing.He says he has been to the USA three times already。
He has had the opportunity to visit the USA on three separate ns.So far。
八下unit 9现在完成时（二）语法讲练含been, ever, never的现在完成时，been是be动词的过去分词，ever(曾经)，never(从不，未曾)一般作副词。
been在完成时中，常以have been的形式出现，常见的有以下几种用法：考点1 have been to＋地点考点2 当have been to后面接副词，如here, there, home时，to要省略。
变为have been here/there/home。
你去过那儿吗？”there前不加to。
考点3 have been in＋组织，表示加入某组织。
He has been in the army for 3 years.他参军三年了。
考点4 have been＋adj./n.呈现……状态The shop has been open for 10 years. 这家店营业十年了。
We have been friends since we were 5. 我们从5岁起就一直是朋友。
考点5 ever, never常与现在完成时连用，是现在完成时态的提示词。
ever adv.曾经；在任何时候never adv.从未—Have you ever been there？你曾去过那里吗？—No, I have never been there before. 不，我以前从未去过那里。
考点6表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。
此时常与“for+一段时间”或“since+过去的点时间或从句（从句用一般过去时）”以及so far（到目前为止）等时间状语连用。
I’ve lived here since 2000.自从2000年我就住在这里。
=I’ve lived here since 13 years ago.=I’ve lived here for 13 years.=It is 13 years since I began to live here.注意：①在这类句子的肯定句和疑问句中谓语动词必须用延续性动词。
语法聚焦：现在完成时(Present Perfect Tense)1) 现在完成时的定义：（1）表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
—It’s so dark. 太黑了。
—Someone has turned off the light. 有人把灯关上了。
（2）表示从过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。
常与since+过去的时间点，for+一段时间，so far 等时间状语连用。
I have lived here for ten years.我已经住在这里10年了。
（从10年前开始，持续到现在还住这儿）I have lived here since 2003. 自从2003年我就住在这儿。
（从2003年开始，持续到现在还住这儿）2) 现在完成时的构成及句式转换：助动词have/has + 过去分词①I have finished my homework. (肯定句)②I have not finished my homework. （否定句）③—Have you finished your homework?—Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t, （一般疑问句及肯定、否定回答）现在完成时的标志：①常与just, already, yet, ever, never, before, so far 等连用，强调动作的完成，不强调动作的持续。
Have you ever been to Japan?I have just finished my homework.②for + 时间段；since + 过去的时间点；since + 段时间ago；since + 一般过去时的句子。
They have known each other for five years.Since he was a child, he has lived in England.do __________ —____________ go__________ —___________read ______ —______ see _________ —______know____________ —_____________ eat _______ —_________ forget _________ —_________write________-______ 一、根据句意或汉语提示写词。
人教版八年级英语下册时态专讲:现在完成时讲解+练习一、现在完成时用法：表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在并且有可能还会持续的动作或状态。
由“have/has+过去分词”构成，主要有两个含义：①表示动作发生在过去，但与现在的情况有联系，有时无时间状语，有时和一些表示不确定的过去时间状语连用，如：many times，just，yet，ever，never，already，before，so far, by now等连用。
②表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在并还可能继续延续下去的动作，用于延续性动词，且句中常带有表示一段时间的时间状语，如：since + 时间点/从句，for two months, so far等。
二、现在完成时基本结构：主语+have/has+过去分词(done)①肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他.②否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他.③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他.④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他）?常与时间状语连用：just, already, yet, ever, never, before, several times.Already: “已经”; yet“仍然, 还”,这两个副词常常用于完成时态, 其中already常用于肯定句, yet常用于否定句和疑问句中。
如: Jim has already finished his work. Jim已经把他的工作做完了。
Mother hasn’t come home yet. 妈妈还没回来。
三、现在完成时一般过去时的区别：现在完成时表示的是与现在有关联的过去事件；而一般过去时则与现在毫无关系，只是单纯的过去的情况。
比较：I have lost my pen, so I have to buy one.我丢了钢笔，所以得去买一枝。
八年级英语下册 -现在完成时讲解和练习试题-人教新目标版现在完成时练习die → be dead come back → be backgo out → be outleave → be away get up → be upfinish → be over put on → wear 或 be on1.构成open → be open join → be in 或 be a member of close → be closed go to school → be a student现在完成时是由助动词have(has)+动词的过去分词构成。
助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范borrow → keep buy → have围。
它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。
过去分词是主要的谓语动词，说明句子的意义。
如： He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了。
2.用法His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世二年了。
（ 1）表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。
常被just 、The film has been on for ten minutes. 电影已开始十分钟了。
already、 yet 等副词修饰。
如：We have studied English for three years. 我们（开始）学英语已三年了。
-Have you had lunch yet? -Yes,I have. I've just had it. 5.现在完成时和一般过去时的区别你（已经）吃午饭了吗？我刚刚吃过。
（现在我不饿了）现在完成时和一般过去时都表示在过去完成的动作。
但现在完成时强调的是这一动作与现（ 2）表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。
这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍然在的关系。
如对现在产生的结果或影响等，而一般过去时只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生，不在进行。
现在完成时现在完成时（present perfect tense）通常表示过去发生的动作一直延续到现在，而且还可能继续下去，或者表示过去的行为对现在造成一定的影响，可能还会产生结果等。
1.现在完成时结构1.1.助动词have/has+动词过去分词。
其中，助动词要随着主语的变化而变化，当主语是第三人称单数时，助动词要用“has”。
例：Have you finished your work?He says that he has seen UFOs many times.1.2.现在完成时的缩写形式：I have=I ’ve have not= haven’thas not= hasn’t例：I’ve finished my work./He hasn’t finished his work.1.3.现在完成时的一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+其他？肯定回答：Yes,主语+have/has.否定回答：No,主语+haven’t/hasn’t.例：----Have you finished your work?----Yes,I have./No,l haven’t.----Have they arrived?----Yes,they have./No,they haven’t. 1.4.1.通过加-ed的形式来构成规则动词的过去分词，就像我们构成这些动词的过去式方法一样。
大多数动词后+ed.如finish---finished.以字母e为结尾的动词后+d,如change---changed.以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，去掉y,再加ied.如carry---carried.以一个元音再加一个辅音结尾的短动词，双写辅音辅音字母再加ed.如stop---stopped1.4.2.构成不规则动词的过去分词的方法有所不同，需要特别记忆。
如：come---come; hurt---hurt. lend---lent; build---builtcatch---caught; keep---kept forget---forgotten tell---toldbe---been; have---had fall---fallen; fly---flowndraw---drawn; see---seen；think---thought.2.现在完成时的用法2.1.表示过去发生或已经完成的动作，对现在造成的影响或结果。
现在完成时讲解一．基本结构：助动词have/has+过去分词(done)二．句型：否定句：主语+have/has + not+过去分词+其他.一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他.简略答语: Yes, 主语+ have/has.(肯定)No, 主语+ haven't/hasn't.(否定)三．用法（1）现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果I have spent all of my money (so far).(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)Guo zijun has (just/already) come. (含义：郭子君现在在这儿)My father has gone to work.(含义是:我爸爸现在不在这儿) （2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示）常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用.①for+时段②since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从……以来）③since+时段+ago④since+从句（过去时）●⑤It is+时段+since+从句（过去时）Mary has been ill for three days.I have lived here since 1998.四．has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in) 的区别Have/Has gone(to) :去了(现在不在说话现场)Where is your father？He has gone to Shanghai.Have/Has been (to) :去过（已不在去过的地方）My father has been to Shanghai.Have/has been in：呆了多久（还在所呆的地方）My father has been in Shanghai for two months. /since two months ago. 五．现在完成时的标志1.现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响,用以下四大标志词可以表达这种含义:* 以already, just和yet为标志He has already got her help.他已得到她的帮助。
复习现在完成时态
（人教版）
1.教学目标: 复习现在完成时态
让学生领悟:珍惜拥有，享受生活
2.教学重点: 综合掌握现在完成时态的用法
3.教学难点: 延续性动词与短暂性动词的转换
4.教学方法: 归纳法，口诀法
5.教学过程:
Step1 leading-in
It has been hot for several days,right?
Step2 Ss recite together
现在完成很简单，动作完成是当然，
但没过去时间状，强调结果或影响。
常有以下词来相伴:
已(already)刚(just)不(never)曾(ever)到目前(so far),
yet before是标签。
Step3 have been回来人(去过)，have gone不在场(去了)
Step4 短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换
Step5 Sum-up
12字口诀:连现在，标志词，如何去，要持续。
6. Homework:
你去过哪里旅游？记述一次有意思旅游，并谈谈你的感受。
八年级下英语现在完成时讲解及练习(4页)(总5页)--本页仅作为文档封面，使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--现在完成时一、现在完成时态的结构 have /has (助动词)+done(过去分词)说明：动词的过去分词有规则形式和非规则形式两种，非规则分类：AAA、ABB、ABA、ABCAAA cost-cost-cost，hit-hit-hit，let-let-let，ABB buy-bought-bought，catch-caught-caught，ABA come-came-come，become-became-become ,run-ran-runABC break-broke-broken，fly-flew-flown，ride-rode-ridden ,take-took-taken，二、现在完成时态的基本句式肯定句：主语+have/has+Vpp+其他否定句：在助动词have/has后加上否定词not一般疑问句：将助动词have或has提到句首，肯定的简略回答是：Yes，主语＋have/has. 否定的简略回答是：No，主语＋have/has not.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句三、现在完成时态的用法2、表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括“现在”在内）的一段时间的状语连用,如for+时间段、since+过去的时间点、疑问词how long等。
例如：注意：此种用法中表示持续动作或状态的动词必须是延续性动词（否定句除外）。
例如：(1)这本书我已经买了三个月了。
错误：I have bought the book for three months.正确：I have had the book for three months.(2)你哥哥参军多长时间了？错误：How long has your brother joined the army正确：How long has your brother been in the army/been a soldier?四、现在完成时态与一般过去时态的区别3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.She joined the League three years ago. (加入的动作不是延续的)She has been in the League for three years (since three years ago). (在团内的状态可延续)She has been a League member for three years (since three years ago).是团员的状态可持续)比较 have/has been to、have/has gone to 和 have been inhave(has) been 表示“曾去过某地，已经从那里回来了”，可以和ever、never、twice 等连用。
Present perfect tense 现在完成时A. Definition & StructureB. Present perfect tense vs. Present perfect progressiveC. Simple past tense vs. Present perfect tenseD. Durative verbs vs. Non-durative verbsE. ExercisesA. Definition & Structurepresent perfect tense 现在完成时定义：表示过去的动作或状态持续到现在，对现在造成的影响，可能持续发生下去判断依据：I have had lunch. I am not hungry now. （口诀：前后两句呈因果，必用现在完成时）结构：主语+助动词（have/has）+动词的过去分词常用的时间状语有：She’s been off work s ince Tuesday. since + 具体时间，自……以来I’ve been learning English for five years. for + 一段时间So far eight workers have been killed. so far 到目前为止Up to now he’s been very quiet.You have been so courageous till now; I have never heard you cry yet.I’ve been here before.Two thirds of the region has been deforested in the past/last decade.It is the first time that I have met my nephew.辨析：since用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度E.g.I have lived here for more than twenty years.I have lived here since I was born in 2004.since + 过去一个时间点（如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、half past six）since + 一段时间+ agosince + 从句It is + 一段时间+ since 从句B. Present perfect tense vs. Present perfect progressivepresent perfect progressive 现在完成进行时主语+助动词（have/has）+been+动词的现在分词+其他表示动作从某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，或者刚刚终止，或者可能仍然要继续下去E.g.It has been raining for two hours.I have been learning English since three years ago.现在完成时强调动作行为的结果、影响；现在完成进行时强调动作行为本身；E.g.They have been building a bridge. 动作将继续下去They have built a bridge. 动作已经完成C. Simple past tense vs. Present perfect tense一般过去时和现在完成时都表示在过去完成的动作，但现在完成时着重强调过去动作与现在的关系，即对现在产生的结果或影响等，而一般过去时只表示过去某一时刻发生的动作，不表示和现在的关系。
现在完成时态讲解和练习一、结构现在完成时态由“助动词have/ has+过去分词” 构成陈述句I have lost my pen.否定句I haven’t （have not）lost my pen.一般疑问句Have you lost your pen? Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t.特殊疑问句I have lost my pen. (提问) What have you lost?选择疑问句Have y ou lost your pen or pencil?过去分词变化：(1)与过去式一样：直去双改(2)不规则：AAA ABB ABA ABC AABbuy-bought-bought make-made-made read-read-read write-wrote-written beat-beat-beaten become-became-become 二、基本用法：（一）表示过去的动作或状态对现在造成的影响或结果。
如：（1）He has come 他来了（他现在在这儿）（2）He has turned on the light 他已经把灯打开了（房间是亮的）（3）She has learned to skate 她学过滑冰（她现在会滑冰）（4）He has been to Armenia 他去过美国（他现在不在那里，但知道那里的情况）✧考点探究：1、对这种用法的考查，主要考查学生对现在完成时态的判断。
这种用法强调过去动作对现在造成的影响，因此，在题干中常用一般现在时态或一般将来时态的句子来说明这种影响或结果。
（口诀：前后两句呈因果，必用现在完成时）如：（1）I ___________ (spend) all the money, so I have to walk home.答案为have spent. 花光钱是过去的动作，但对现在造成了影响，“我现在必须得步行回家”。
现在完成时态的讲解及专项练习现在完成时是初二要学到的语法内容，也是中考的重点和难点。
一. 现在完成时基本结构①肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词②否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词）二. 现在完成时用法1. 现在完成时用来表示过去已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果。
也就是说，动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在，强调的是现在。
I have already posted the photo.我已经邮寄出了照片。
与此种用法连用的时间状语时一些模糊的过去时间状语，如already（肯定句句中）, yet （否定句/疑问句句尾）, just, before, recently,still, lately,never等。
2. 现在完成时也可用来表示动作或状态发生在过去某一时刻，持续到现在并且有可能会继续持续下去。
He has lived here since 1996自从1996年以来，他一直住在这儿。
(动作起始于1996年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。
)此种用法常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用。
谓语动词必须是延续性动词。
有些瞬间动词可变为延续动词：go out----be outfinish----be overopen----be opendie----be deadbuy---havefall ill---be illcome back----be backcatch a cold----have a cold三. 现在完成时常见考点对于现在完成时的考查，多以单选、句型转换或词语运用的形式考查学生在具体语境中灵活运用时态的能力。
在考试中，会让大家判断是否该用现在完成时，或者是考查“瞬间动词”不能与表示一段时间的状语连用”这一知识点。
现在完成时讲解与练习1.构成现在完成时是由助动词 have(has)+动词的过去分词构成。
助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围。
它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。
过去分词是主要的谓语动词，说明句子的意义。
2.用法（1）表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。
常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。
如：-Have you had lunch yet -Yes,I have. I've just had it.你（已经）吃午饭了吗我刚刚吃过。
（现在我不饿了）（2）表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。
这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍然在进行。
常带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。
\如：He has taught here since 1981他自1981年就在这儿教书。
（可能还要继续教）I have't seen her for four years. 我有四年没见到她了。
3．结构1）．陈述句结构：主语＋have( has)（not）+过去分词＋其它。
have not=h aven’t has not=hasn’t.2）．一般疑问句结构：Have( Has )＋主语＋过去分词＋其它3）．特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋have(has) +主语+ 过去分词＋其它eg. He has already finished his homework. He hasn’t finished his homework yet.Has he finished his homework yet --Yes, he has./ No, he hasn’t./ No, not yet.（3）表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为汉语“过”，常带有twice, ever, never, three times等时间状语。
如： I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京二次。
4.现在完成时的时间状语（1）现在完成时属于现在时范围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。
如：yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。
但是，在强调动作产生的后果和影响时，可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。
a. 用副词already和yet。
already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。
如：We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。
They haven't finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。
b.用ever 和never。
多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经”或“从未“等。
如-Have you ever been to the Great Wall你曾经去过长城吗-I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。
c.用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如just, before, up to now, the past few years等。
例如：I have seen her before, but I can not remember where.我以前见过她，但记不起在哪里见过。
He has been there three times the last few years.近几年他去过那里三次了。
d.用包括“现在”在内的时间状语，如：now, today, this morning (month ,year, term)等。
例如-Have you met him today-No,I haven't.今天你见过他吗我没有。
How many times have you been there this year 今年你去过那里多少次（2）现在完成时可以和带有since或for等表示“一段时间”的状语连用,表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始，一直持续到现在。
如：I haven't seen him for two years. 但是，像come, arrive, buy等终止性动词不能与表示“一段时间”的状语连用。
要用，必须改为“be（在）”等延续性动词来表述。
现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换：arrive→be here begin(start)→be on die →be dead come back→be backleave →be away fall ill(sick,asleep)→be ill(sick,asleep) get up→be up go out →be outfinish →be over put on →wear 或be on open →be open join →be in或 be a memberof…close →be closed go to school→be a student borrow →keep buy →have catch(a cold)→ have(a cold) get to know →know begin to study→study come to work→work等如：He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了。
His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世二年了。
The film has been on for ten minutes.电影已开始十分钟了。
We have studied English for three years. 我们（开始）学英语已三年了。
5.现在完成时和一般过去时的区别现在完成时和一般过去时都表示在过去完成的动作。
但现在完成时强调的是这一动作与现在的关系。
如对现在产生的结果或影响等，而一般过去时只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生，不表示和现在的关系。
试比较：I have lost my new book. 我把新书丢了。
（现在还未找到）I lost my new book yesterday. 我昨天把新书丢了。
（昨天丢的，现在找到与否没说明）6.几点注意事项（1）have been(to)与have gone( to)的区别：have been(to)表示“去过某地（现在已经回来了）”，可用于各人称；have gone(to)表示“去某地了（说话时某人不在当地）”，常用于第三人称，前者可与once ,never,several times等连用，后者则不能。
如：They have been to Beijing twice.他们去过北京两次。
He has gone to Beijing . 他去北京了。
（2）如单纯表示一段时间，或强调一段时间，虽有since一词，也不必用完成时。
如：It is two years since his father died. =His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世已有三年了。
（3）终止性动词现在完成时的否定式，已变成一种可以延续的状态，因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。
如：I haven't left here since 1997.自从1997年以来，我一直没有离开过这儿。
现在完成时练习A）用have(has) been 或have(has) gone 填空。
A: Where ____________ Li Fei ___________ B: He ____________ to Hainan Island.A: How long ___________ he ___________ there B: He _____________ there for three days.A: When will he come back , do you know B: I’m afraid he won’t come back recently.A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island B: Sorry, I _________ never ___________ there.A: How many times ___________ Li Fei __________ to that place B: He _____________ there only once.B）用have/has been to/in, have gone to的各种形式填空。
Where is Jack He __________ his country. John _______ England since he came back.How long _____ he _____ this village The Smiths ______ Beijing for years._____ you ever ____ America -- Yes, I _____ there many times.I _____ this school since three years ago.( )'s been to the Great wall before ,__________he(A)isn't (B)wasn't (C)hasn't (D)doesn't( )'s never been to England, _______she(A)has (B)hasn't (C)isn't (D)is( ) Hanmei been in the library.(A)How long (B)How soon (C)How far (D)How often( ) long ___he______ the library book .(A)has, borrow (B)has ,kept (C)has, bought (D)did, buy( ) Green isn't in the office , He __________to the library(A)has gone (B)went (C)has been (D)will go( ) smith _______to Tokyo and he will be back in a week(A)has been (B)has visited (C)has sent (D)has gone( ) for two years(A)have been to (B)have been in (c)have gone to (D)have come toA）按要求把短暂性转换为延续性动词①arrive at/in sw. get to/reach sw. come/go/move to sw.→ be in sw./at school/at home/on the farm/behere/be thereHe got to Beijing five minutes ago. He ________ _________ _________ Beijing for _________ _________.I moved to the USA last year. I ________ ________ __________ the USA since __________ __________.I went home yesterday. I _______ ________ _________ home for _________ __________.They came here last week. They _________ _________ here since _________ __________.②come/go back, return → be back come/go out → be outHe came out two years ago. He _________ __________ _________ for __________ __________.We return to Fuzhou yesterday. We ________ ________ _________ to Fuzhou since __________.③become → beI became a teacher in 2000. I ________ __________ a teacher for _________ _________.The river became dirty last year. The river _________ _________ dirty for _________ __________.④close → be closed open → be openThe shop closed two hours ago. The shop ________ _________ _________ for _________ _________.The door opened at six in the morning. The door ________ ________ ________ for six hours.⑤get up → be up die → be dead leave sw. → be away from sw. fall asleep/get tot sleep →be asleep finish/end → be over marry → be marriedI got up two hours ago. I ________ ________ ________ since ________ ________.He left Fuzhou just now. He _______ ________ ________ _________ Fuzhou for five minutes. My grandpa died in 2002. My grandpa _______ _______ ________for _______ ________.The meeting finished at six. The meeting ________ ______ ______ for six hours.I got to sleep two hours ago. I ________ _________ _________ since _________ __________. They married in 1990. They ________ _________ __________since _________.⑥start/begin to do sth. → do sth. begin → be onI began to teach at this school in 1995. I ____ ____ at this school since ____.The film began two minutes ago. The film ____ ____ ____ for ____ ____.⑦borrow → keep lose → not have buy → have put on →wear catch/get a cold → have a cold get to know → knowThey borrowed it last week. They _________ _________ it since __________ __________.I bought a pen two hours ago. I _________ _________ a pen for ________ __________.I got to know him last year. I _________ __________ him since __________ __________.I put on my glasses three years ago. I __________ __________ my glasses for _________ _________.⑧have/has gone to → have been inHe has gone to Beijing. He ____ ____ _____ Beijing for two days.⑨join the league/the Party/the army → be a league/a Party member/a soldier→ be a member of the league/the Party→ be in the league/the Party/the armyHe joined the league in 2002. He ________ _________ a _________ _________ for two years.He ________ __________ a __________ ___________ the __________ for two years.He ____________ ___________ ___________ the league for two years.My brother joined the army two years brother _________ ________ a ________ for _________ ___________. My brother ___________ ___________ in ____________ ___________ for two years.( ) ______in1990 and her husband ______for more than five years(A)died ,dead (B)has died, dead(C)died ,has been dead (D)has died, has died( ) have _____this nice watch for two years (A)had (B)bought (C)borrowed (D)lend ( ) _____his home for ten years(A)has left (B)left from (C)has been away from (D)was away from( ) _____a league member for three years(A)is (B)has been (C)has become (D)have become( )'s brother has _______for two years(A)joined the army (B)been an army (C)become a soldier (D)been in the army( ) hasn't _____Quanzhou ever since he left school(A)left (B)been away (C)been (D)away( )1. ——Have you finished your homework——Yes, I _______it last night(A)finish (B)finished (C)have finished (D)will finish( )2.—— ________you ever _______to Nanjing ——Yes, I ______there last year.(A)Have…gone, have gone (B)Have…be en , went (C)Did…go, went (D)Did…go, has , been ( )3.——When _______you ________Lucy in New York ——I _________here for two years(A)did…meet, haven't seen (B)did…meet, haven't seen(C)did…meet, don't see (D)would…meet, hadn't seen( ) you to Beijing( ) ______finished his homework. yet(A)doesn’t (B)haven’t (C) hasn’t (D) doesn’t have( )1.——Have you ________traveled on the train. ——Yes, I have.(A)never (B)ever (C)just (D)yet( )2.——Have you finished your homework ——Not__________ .(A)ever (B)already (C)yet (D)just( )3. We haven't finished our homework .(A)already (B)ever (C)yet (D)never( )4.——Have you__________ learned English——Yes, I've ________learned a lot.(A)never, ever (B)ever, never (C)ever, already (D)already. ever( )5.——Have you finished your homework ________——Yes, I've _____done that(A)yet, already (B)already, yet (C)ever, never (D)still, just( )'s father _______borrowed some pictures(A)have already (B)has just (C)have ever (D)has yetA）用since和for填空1) ______ two years 2) _______ two years ago 3) _______ last month 4) ______ 1999 5) _______ yesterday 6) _______ 4 o’clock 7) ______ 4 hours 8) _______ an hourago 9) _______ we were children 10) _____ lunch time 11) ______ she left here B）用since和for填空1. He has lived in Nanjing ________ the year before last.2. I’ve known him __________ wewere children.3. Our teacher has studied Japanese _________ three years.4. She has been away from the city ___________ about ten years.5. It’s about ten years __________she left the city.'ve been like this ever since _________ (A)last week (B) for a week (C) a week before (D)thelast week( ) mother has worked in this factory _____2 years. (A)about (B)for (C)in (D)since( )3. I haven't heard from him ______last week.(A)since (B) for (C)ago (D)before( ) father joined the party_________(A)for three years (B)since three years ago (C)three years ago (D)in two years' time1. – Where is Mr. Liu ----- He _______the library. A. has been to B. has gone to C. hasbeen in2. The students have cleaned the classroom , ________A. so theyB. don’t theyC. have theyD. haven’t they3. I like Hainan. I ________there three times. A. went B. go C. have been D. have gonecame to Nanjing three years ago, so we ________ here for three years.A. have been toB. have been inC. have beenD. have goneHow long ______you_______ your dictionary - About two months.A. did; buyB. have; getC. have; hadD. have; bought6. He tells me he________ China for over five years.A. has beenB. has been inC. has been toD. has gone toMr White been a member of Greener China since he _______ to ChinaA. How soon , comesB. How often, gotC. How long , cameD. How far, arrived8. His uncle________ for more than 9 years.A. has come hereB. has started to workC. has lived thereD. has left the university9. He has never surfed, __________(改成反意疑问句）10. They have been here since 2000 . (对划线部分提问) __________ have they been here11. The old man _________last year. He________ for a year.(die)12. This factory opened twenty years ago.(改写句子，句意不变) This factory _________ for twenty years.13. Miss Gao left an hour ago. （同上）Miss Gao___________ an __________hour ago.Green Family moved to France two years ago. （同上）_________ two years________ the Green family moved to France.15. The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. （同上）现在完成时与中考题选择填空。
