2018届北京市各高中各校高三英语试卷题型分类专题汇编--阅读理解C篇--老师版(带答案已校对)

2018届北京市各高中各校高三英语试卷题型分类专题汇编--完型填空--学生版（已校对期中版1）第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A Faithful FatherMy husband kissed me goodbye, stroked the baby’s cheek and then rushed out of the door, into his busy day. With the cold of the morning fading, I fed my baby and it fell fast asleep. Usually I would place it in bed and quickly have the house somewhat in 36 .However, this morning, I stayed seated，just 37 , with the baby in my arms. The thoughts ran into 38 of the mornings with my husband, a father rushing out of the door to meet the obligations of life. It was only a small jump to thoughts of my own 39 .My mother passed away when I was ten, and as I looked 40 , I could see how much of a family man my dad was. He went to work every morning and 41 to his family every evening. He 42 food, clothing, warmth, and protection. He was a faithful father.Setting the baby down, I dialed the 43 number. I had just realized the 44 of the ordinary---the daily life going on around us that we often took for granted, and that it needed to be __45__.“Hi, Dad.” I said, 46 back tears.“Hey, Bud. How are you? ”47 was in his voice.“Fine, I’m just calling to say...thank you.” I got it out before my throat48 too much for me to speak.“What for?”“For getting up and going to work every morning of my life. Now that I have my own 49 and I see my husband doing the same, I just wanted to thank you for being 50 .”There was 51 for a moment as my dad calmed himself down, and with a small 52 in his voice he said, “You’re welcome, Bud.”I don’t remember much of the rest of the call,53 that moment of revelation(显露) about my father, I will never forget. There are those who are known for their heroic 54 , and also those who are known for their fortunes and fame, but it is the 55 everyday fathers who are the true heroes. I’m thankful that my father was one of them.36. A. use B. line C. fashion D. order37. A. dreaming B. thinking C. imagining D. praying38. A. memories B. struggles C. incidents D. conversations39. A. father B. husband C. mother D. baby40. A. out B. away C. around D. back41. A. moved B. escaped C. returned D. walked42. A. collected B. provided C. sought D. bought43. A. familiar B. relative C. regular D. popular44. A. difference B. balance C. significance D. absence45. A. arranged B. recognized C. reduced D. achieved46. A. sending B. pushing C. putting D. holding47. A. Concern B. Stress C. Doubt D. Sympathy48. A. tightened B. hurt C. ached D. cleared49. A. duty B. child C. life D. career50. A. inspiring B. considerate C. faithful D. admirable51. A. peace B. calm C. rest D. silence52. A. hesitation B. tremble C. passion D. sigh53. A. and B. or C. but D. nor54. A. ideas B. remarks C. deeds D. words55. A. outstanding B. patient C. honest D. ordinary第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

2018 年北京高考英语试题第I 卷第一部分：听力理解（共三节：30 分）第一节（共 5 小题；每题 1.5 分，共 7.5 分）第二部分：知识运用（共两节，45 分）（略）第一节单项填空（共15 小题；每题 1 分，共 15 分）从每题所给的ABCD 四个选项中，选出能够填入空白处的最正确选项，并在答题卡大将该项涂黑。

例： It’ s so nice to hear from her again. , we last met more than thirty years ago.A. What ’ s moreB. That ’ s to sayC. In other wordsD. Believe it or not答案是 D。

21.______the early flight, we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.A. CatchingB. CaughtC. To catchD. Catch22.----Did you enjoy the party?----Yes. We ______well by our hosts.A. Were treatedB. Would be treatedC. TreatedD. Had treated23.The park was full of people, ______themselves in the sunshine .A. Having enjoyedB. EnjoyedC. EnjoyingD. To enjoy24.Opposite is St.Paul ’sChurch, ______you can hear some lovely music.A. WhichB. ThatC. WhenD. Where25.He is shy man, ____ he is not afraid of anything or anyone.A. soB. butC. orD. as26.In the last few years, chine ____ great achievements in environmental protection.A. Has madeB. Had madeC. Was makingD. Is making27. ----Did you have difficulty finding Ann’shouse?---- Not really. She ____ us clear directions and we were able to find it easily.A. was to give B had given C was giving D would give28.You won ’tfind paper cutting difficult _____you keep practicing it.A. even ifB. as long as C .as if D. ever since29.—Can ’tyou stay a little longer?—It’sgetting late. I really _____go now, My daughter is home alone.A .mayB .canC . mustD .dare30.—Dr. Jackson is not in his office at the moment.— All right. I____ him later.A. will callB. have calledC. call D will be calling31.If ___for the job, you’llbe informed soon.A .to accept B. accept C. accepting D. accepted32._____the damage is dooe, it will take many years for the farmland to recover.A.UntillB.UnlessC. OnceD.Although33.I truly believe ______beauty comes from within.A. thatB.whereC. whatD.why34.If I _____it with my own eyes ,I wouldn’thave believed it.A .didn ’tsee B.weren ’tseeing C. Wouldn ’tsee D.hadn ’tseen35._____we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.A. WhereB.HowC.WhyD. When第二节完形填空（共20 小题；每题 1.5 分，共30 分）阅读下边短文，掌握其粗心，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最正确选项，并在答题卡上讲该项涂黑。

绝密★启用前2018年普通高等学校全国统一考试（北京卷）英语本试卷共16页，共150分。

考试时间为120分钟。

考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。

考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分：听力理解（共三节：30 分）第一节（共 5 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 7.5 分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题，每段对话你将听一遍。

1.What does the man want to borrow?A.A pencil.B.An eraser.C.A pen.2.What is the woman doing now?A.Eating.B.Going home.C.Having group study.3.What does the man have for earthquake preparation?A.A candle.B.A radio.C.A flashlight.4.Where does the conversation most probably take place?A.In a bank.B. In a hotel.C.In a store.5.Where will the man go for his holiday?A.Brazil.B.Denmark.C.Greece.第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）听下面4段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题。

听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话或独白你将听两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。

6.When does the supermarket close on Sundays?A.At 5:00 pm.B.At 7:00 pm.C. At 8:00 pm.7.What have the two speakers decided to do now?A.Go shopping.B.Take a walk.C.Have dinner听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。

2018北京高考英语试题及答案（完整版）【3】2018北京高考英语答案：第一部分：知识运用(共两节，45分)第一节单项填空(共15小题;每小题1分，共15分)1. C2. C3. B4. B5. A6. B7. B8. A9. D 10. A11. C 12. C 13. D 14. A 15. D第二节完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分，共39分)16. C 17. B 18. A 19. C 20. D 21. A 22. B 23. D 24. A 25. C26. A 27. B 28. D 29. A 30. D 31. B 32. B 33. D 34. C 35. C第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，40分)36. C 37. C 38. A 39. B 40. A 41. D 42. B 43. C 44. B 45. D46. C 47. A 48. D 49. A 50. B 51. F 52. G 53. E 54. A 55. D第三部分：书面表达(共两节，35分)第一节 (15分)Dear Jim,I’m so glad to hear your future education plan in Beijing in your last letter. First I would like to express my warmest welcome to you and I am sure you will have the most unforgettable experience during your college in Beijing.Learning your keen interest in Chinese culture, I suggest you apply for Peking University, one of the best universities in China. Its Chinese Literature major is perfect for you where you can be completely soaked in Chinese profound history and rich culture. As for preparation, some reading in advance in needed like The Story of the Stone while some online courses of spoken Chinese can be helpful for you to adapt into the Chinese language environment.I sincerely hope your dream wi ll come true and it’s my pleasure to show you around in Beijing when that day comes. Ifyou have further questions, please feel free to let me know.Yours,Li Hua第二节 (20分)Last week, we took the foreign students in our school to experience the authentic tea culture, which turned out be to extremely rewarding.zxxkOn arriving at the tea house, the foreign students were impressed by the unique tea pots and tea cups. I gave them a vivid and informative introduction of tea culture, including its profound history, its rich variety, and the exquisite craftsmanship of making tea with their interest greatly sparked, I then began to teach them how to make tea.In order to deliver a clear presentation, I slowly explained the traditional procedure of making tea in detail. Absorbed in every move of mine, the foreign students were once again amazed by this unique culture and they couldn’t help taking pictures from time to time.Next came the moment when I asked them to have a try themselves. Washing the tea pots, adding tea leaves, and pouring water into the cups, they followed my instructions and were really immersed in charming tea culture. The tea house witnessed a really enjoyable time for all of us.At the end of the activity, holding the tea bags in our hands, we took a picture to memorize the unforgettable day. It suddenly hit me that traditional culture like tea culture was of great charm and huge value. And I swelled with pride to spread our own culture to people all over the world.。

2018高考英语II卷英语：阅读理解C详解（北京四中详解版）北京四中高三英语教研室整理真题呈现2018全国高考英语II阅读理解CTeens and younger children are reading a lot less for fun, according to a Common Sense Media report published Monday.While the decline over the past decade is steep for teen readers, some data in there port shows that reading remains a big part of many children's lives, and indicates how parents might help encourage more reading.According to the report's key findings, “the proportion(比例) who say they‘hardly ever’ read for fun has gone from 8 percent of 13-year-olds and 9 percent of 17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively today.”There port data shows that pleasure reading levels for younger children ages 2-8,remain largely the same. But the amount of time spent in reading each session has declined, from closer to an hour or more to closer to a half hour per session.When it comes to technology and reading, the report does little to counsel (建议) parents looking for data about the effect of e-readers and tablets on reading. It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about increased screen time.The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading. Data shows that kids and teens who do read frequently, compared to in frequent readers, have more books in the home, more books purchased for them, parents who read more often, and parents who set aside time for them to read.As the end of school approaches, and school vacation reading lists loom (逼近) ahead, parents might take this chance to stepin and make their own summer reading list and plan a family trip to the library or bookstore.一线教师全面解读高考英语阅读理解真题，助力英语学习正确答案ABCA答案解析28. What is the Common Sense Media report probably about?.常识媒体的报道大概是关于什么的？A. Children’s reading habits.孩子们的阅读习惯。

One【2018届北京市东城区高三英语一模试题】第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

CYou can?t walk into the office without Rihanna?s voice singing “work work work work workBad Romance” still makes you want towork” in your head. And that one line from Lady Gaga?s “scream. These are commonly known as earworm songs—those sticky tunes that continue to playin your head. A recent study finds that more than 90% of adults report hearing earworm songs ona weekly basis.Fortunately, most people report earworm songs as pleasant. But others find them annoying oreven maddening. “Some people are troubled by them to the point that it disturbs life,”　saysElizabeth Hellmuth Margulis, a professor at the University of Arkansas who has studied earwormsongs.Margulis says earworm songs tend to have some predictable characteristics. For one thing,they tend to be small parts of a song—not the whole track. And “the songs you?ve heard recentlyalso have the most possibility to get stuck in your memory,” she says.But sometimes something strange and unpredictable can also start a track playing in yourhead. “Once I was at the doctor?s office and saw a poster of a man who I thought looked likeGaston—a character from Beauty and the Beast,” Margulis recalls. A coupl e minutes passed, andBe Our Guest”, the song in the movie, out of her head, even thoughshe realized she couldn?t get “she hadn?t thought of the tune in years. In that instance, she was able to identify her earworm?strigger: the Gaston-looking man in the poster. “But the connections can be really unclear,” she says.Margulis points out that, in all of human history, recorded music is a very new phenomenon.She says some have inferred that earworm songs are also new—the unintended consequence ofbeing able to hear the same song played everywhere in the same way over and over again. So far,the convincing explanation for why human beings experience earworm songs remains a mystery.But there are some well-established ways to cast off the earworm songs.“Fi nding a mentally demanding task and putting your mind on it usually shifts attention awayfrom internal music. People tend to get earworms when performing tasks that don?t require theirfull attention—stuff like doing the dishes,” Margulis says.Chewing gu m can also help. When a song is stuck in our heads, it?s almost like we?re singing along with it. If you make your mouth do something else—chewing gum, eating a meal or talking with a friend—that can kick out the earworm.You could also face your enemy. By listening to the full track that includes the passage stuck in your head, you may find “closure” and relief.43. Which of the following is most likely to be an earworm song?A. A song made up of simple words.B. A song heard frequently these days.C. A song sung by a most famous singer.D. A song learned during one?s childhood.trigger” in Paragraph 4 mean?44. What does the underlined word “A. Type.B. Tune.C. Cause.D. Characteristic.45. We can infer that earworm songs may _______.A. result from modern technologyB. be experienced over mealsC. help regain lost memoriesD. hurt one?s hearing46. What is mainly talked about in the last three paragraphs?A. Why we hear earworm songs.B. Where to find earworm songs.C. When we hear earworm songs.D. How to get over earworm songs.Keys: 43-46 BCADTwo【2018届北京市东城区高三英语二模试题】第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

2018北京各城区高三二模英语分类汇编--阅读理解C【西城二模】CBritish anthropologists Russell Hill and Robert Barton of the University of Durham, afterstudying the results of one-on-one boxing, tae kwon do, Greco-Roman wrestling and freestylewrestling matches at the Olympic Games, conclude that when two competitors are equally matched in fitness and skill, the athlete wearing red is more likely to win.Hill and Barton report that when one competitor is much better than the other, colour has noeffect on the result. However, when there is only a small difference between them, the effect of colour is enough to tip the balance. The anthropologists say that the number of times red wins isnot simply by chance, but that these results are statistically significant.Joanna Setchell, a primate (灵长目动物) researcher at the University of Cambridge, has found similar results in nature. She studies the large African monkeys known as mandrills. Mandrills have bright red noses that stand out against their white faces. Setchell’s work shows that the powerful males—the ones who are more successful with females—have a brighter red nose than other males.As well as the studies on primates by Setchell, another study shows the effect of red among birds. In an experiment, scientists put red plastic rings on the legs of male zebra finches andthis increased the birds’ success with female zebra finches. Zebra finches already have bright red beaks (鸟喙), so this study suggests that, as with Olympic athletes, an extra flash of red is significant. In fact, researchers from the University of Glasgow say that the birds’ brightly coloured beaks are an indicator of health. Jonathan Blount, a biologist, and his colleagues thinkthey have found proof that bright red or orange beaks attract females because they mean that the males are healthier. Nothing in nature is simple, however, because in species such as the bluefooted booby, a completely different colour seems to give the male birds the same advantage with females.Meanwhile, what about those athletes who win in their events while wearing red? Do theirclothes give them an unintentional advantage? Robert Barton accepts that “that is the implication” of their findings. Is it time for sports authorities to consider new regulations on sports clothing?43.According to their research, Hill and Barton conclude that _____.A. the colour of clothing has an effect on most sport eventsB. red should be the choice of colour for clothing in sportsC. red plays a role when competitors are equally capableD. athletes performbetter when surrounded by bright red44.The underlined word “tip” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _____.A.achieveB. seekC. keepD. change45.The example of the blue footed booby proves that _____.A. male birds use different body parts to draw attentionB. red is not the only colour to attract female birdsC. blue gives female birds the same advantageD. blue can indicate how healthy a bird is46.What is the best title for the passage?A. What Colour Implies More Power?B. A Tip on ClothingC. Need to Change the Rules in Sports?D. Red Is for Winners【东城二模】C“When I grow up, I want to be a runner.” These words are spoken byth ousands of Kenyanchildren. 50 percent of the Kenyan top runners are members of Kalenjin, one minority race of the country. They make up less than two percent of Kenya’s population.This fact has puzzled sports scientists. They have spent considerable time and effort trying to answer one question: Whatenables the Kalenjin people to run so fast?Although the question seems simple, finding the answer has proven to be difficult and controversial. A team of Danish sports scientists spent 18 months and discovered the Kalenjins had remarkably slow heart rates even when running long distances. Kalenjins live in high-elevation（高海拔） villages in the Rift Valley in western Kenya. People living at high elevations produce morered blood cells, which aid in the transport of oxygen throughout the body. Because the air isthinner and contains less oxygen at high elevations, the bodyproduces more red blood cells.Scientists believe there is a connection between increased red blood cells and low heart rates and that both may enable high-altitude athletes to outperform those who train at low altitudes. The Danish scientists also studied the bodies of the Kalenjins and compared them to those of the Danes. They found that the Kalenjins have longer “birdlike” legs. The Kalenjins a lso have lower bodymass indexes (a measure of body fat based on weight and height) and shorter bodies thanDanish people.As a result of the Danish study, some scientists made theconclusion that the Kalenjins possess what is called a “speed gene（基因）.”However, Kenyan runners were offended by this conclusion. They credited their success to hard work and endless hours of training.Although the controversy over the “speed gene” remains unsolved, British runner Mo Farah’s experience offers an interesting per spective on the subject. In 2005, he realized he wasn’tmeeting his potential as a runner. A group of Kenyan runnerswere training in England then. After he accidentally observed the Kenyans’ strict training routines and dedication to their sport, Farahsaid it was like a switch had been turned on in his head. He began eating healthy foods, going tobed early, and training harder than he had ever trained in his life. As a result, Farah’s running career exploded. He has won sevenworld and Olympic titles in th e 5000m and regularly beats Kenya’s top runners!Farah’s story proves what Kenyans have known all along. Regardless of genetics, their success would not be possible without hard work, dedication, sacrifice, and mental toughness. Their “secret” is simple. Train hard, run fast, and never give up.43. What interested the sport scientists?A. Kenyansport history.B. Kanlenjins’ running ability.C. Kanlenjins’ training methods.D. Kenyans’enthusiasm for sport.44. According to Danish scientists, what leads to Kanlenjins’ success?A. Physical condition.B. Living style.C. Hard training.D. Strong will.45. How did Kenyan runners think about Danish research result?A. Convincing.B. Unacceptable.C. Astonishing.D. Important.46. Why is M o Farah’s story mentioned in the passage?A. To show running methods count.B. To encourage British athletes.C. To prove effort pays off.D. To support gene theory.【海淀二模】CNorman Garmezy, a development psychologist at the University of Minnesota, met thousands of children in his four decades of research. A nine-year-old boy in particular stuck with him. He has an alcoholic mother and an absent father. But each day he would walk in to school with a smile on his face. He wanted to make sure that "no one would feel pity for him and no one would know his mother’s incompetence.” The boy exhibited a quality Garmezy identified as“resilience”.Resilience presents a challenge for psychologists. People who are lucky enough to never experience any sort of adversity (逆境) won't know how resilient they are. It's only when they're faced with obstacles, stress, and other environmental threats that resilience, or the lack of it, comes out. Some give in and some conquer.Garmezy 's work opened the door to the study of the elements that could enable an individual’s success despite the challenges they faced. His research indicated that some elements had to do with luck, but quite large set of elements was psychological, and had to do with how the children responded to the environment. The resilient children had what psychologists call an “inte rnal lens of control(内控点)”. They believed that they, and not their circumstances, affected their achievements. The resilient children saw themselves as the arrangers of their own fates.Ceorge Bonanno has been studying resilience for years al Columbia University 's Teachers College. He found that some people are far better than others at dealing with adversity. This difference might come from perception(认知) whether they think of an event as traumatic(创伤), or as an opportunity to learn and grow. “Stressful” or “traumatic” events themselves don't have much predictive power when it comes to life outcomes. "Exposure to potentially traumatic events does not predict later functioning,” Bonanno said. "It's on ly predictive if there's a negative response.” In other words, living through adversity doesn't guarantee that you'll suffer going forward.The good news is that positive perception can be taught. "We can make ourselves more or less easily hurt by how we think about things," Bonanno said. In research at Columbia, theneuroscientist Kevin Ochsner has shown that teaching people to think of adversity in different ways--to reframe it in positive terms when the initial response is negative, or in a less emotional way when the initial response is emotionally “hot”---changes how they experience and react to the adversity.43. According to the passage, resilience is an individual's ability________.A. to think criticallyB. to decide one’s own fateC. to live a better lifeD. to recover from adversity44. What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 3 refer to?A. The psychologistsB. The resilient childrenC. Positive elementsD. Internal locus of control45. According to Paragraph 4, we can learn that____________.A. your positive perception may turn adversity aroundB. stressful events are more predictive than delightful eventsC. experiencing adversity predicts that you will go on sufferingD. a negative response doesn't guarantee you will suffer all the time46. What is the author's purpose of writing this passage?A. To teach people how to be resilientB. To encourage people to live through adversityC. To indicate people’s perception varies from each othe rD. To compare different research findings about resilience43. D 44. B 45. A 46. A【丰台二模】CScientists say we are all born with a knack for mathematics. Every time we scan the cafeteria for a table that will fit all of our friends, we’re exercisin g the ancient estimation center in our brain.Stanislas Dehaene was the first researcher to show that this part of the brain exists. In 1989, he met Mr. N who had suffered a serious brain injury. Mr. N couldn’t recognize the number 5, or add 2 and 2. But h e still knew that there are “about 50 minutes” in an hour. Dehaene drew an important conclusion from his case: there must be two separate mathematical areas in our brains. One area is responsible for the math we learn in school, and the other judges approximate amounts.So what does the brain’s estimation center do for us? Harvard University researcher Elizabeth Spelke has spent a lot of time posing math problems to preschoolers. When he asks 5-year-olds to solve a problem like 21+30, they can’t do it. But he has also asked them questions such as, “Sarah has 21 candles and gets 30 more. John has 34 candles. Who has more candles?” It turns out preschoolers are great at solving questions like that. Before they’ve learned how to do math with numerals and symbol s, their brains’ approximation centers are already hard at work.After we learn symbolic math, do we still have any use for our inborn math sense? Justin Halberda at Johns Hopkins University gave us an answer in his study. He challenged a group of 14-year-olds with an approximation test: The kids stared at a computer screen and saw groups of yellow and blue dots flash by, too quickly to count. Then they had to say whether there had been more blue dots or yellow dots. The researchers found that most were able to answer correctly when there were 25 yellow dots and 10 blue ones. When the groups were closer in size, 11 yellow dots and 10 blue ones, fewer kids answered correctly.The big surprise in this study came when the researcher compared the kids’ approxima tion test scores to their scores on standardized math tests. He found that kids who did better on theflashing dot test had better standardized test scores, and vice versa (反之亦然). It seems that,far from being irrelevant, your math sense might predict your ability at formal math.44. From the first two studies, we can learn that estimation center .A. is divided into two separate mathematical areasB. can help figure out numerals and symbols problemsC. functions independently in both kids’ and adul t s’ brainsD. works better when symbolic parts are injured or undergrown45. What most surprised Justin in the study of 14-year-olds?A. The variety of math abilities in different students.B. The link between technology skills and estimation skills.C. The difficulty of the task as the number of dots increased.D. The connection between estimation skills and formal math ability.46. What could be the best title for the passage?A. Born with a Sense of Math.B. Go beyond What You Can Learn.C. Symbolic Math and Estimation Math.D. Our Brain一a Born Mathematician.【朝阳二模】CNo student of a foreign language needs to be told that grammar is complex. By changing the order of the words and by adding a range of auxiliary verbs (助动词) and suffixes (后缀), we can turn a statement into a question, state whether an action has taken place or is soon to take place, and perform many other word tricks to convey different meanings. However, the question which many language experts can’t understand and explain is—who created grammar?Some recent languages evolved due to the Atlantic slave trade. Since the slaves didn’t know each other’s languages, they developed a make-shift language called a pidgin. Pidgins are strings of words copied from the language of the landowners. They have little in the way of grammar, and speakers need to use too many words to make their meaning understood. Interestingly, however, all it takes for a pidgin to become a complex language is for a group of children to be exposed to itat the time when they learn their mother tongue. Slave children didn’t simply copy the strings of words used by their elders. They adapted their words to create an expressive language. In this way complex grammar systems which come from pidgins were invented.Further evidence can be seen in studying sign languages for the deaf. Sign languages are not simply a group of gestures; they use the same grammatical machinery that is found in spoken languages. The creation of one such language was documented quite recently in Nicaragua. Previously, although deaf children were taught speech and lip reading in the classrooms, in the playgroundsthey began to invent their own sign system, using the gestures they used at home. It was basicallya pidgin and there was no consistent grammar. However, a new system was born when children whojoined the school later developed a quite different sign language. It was based on the signs of the older children, but it was shorter and easier to understand, and it had a large range of specialuse of grammar to clarify the meaning. What’s more, they all used the signs in the same way. Sothe original pidgin was greatly improved.Most experts believe that many of the languages were pidgins at first. They were initially used in different groups of people without standardization and gradually evolved into a widely accepted system. The English past tense—“ed” ending—may have evolved from the verb “do”. “It ended” may once have been “It end-did”. It seems that children have grammatical machinery in their brains. Their minds can serve to create logical and complex structures, even when there is no grammar present for them to copy.43. What can be inferred about the slaves’ pidgin language?A. It was difficult to understand.B. It came from different languages.C. It was created by the landowners.D. It contained highly complex grammar.44. What is the characteristic of the new Nicaraguan sign language?A. No consistent signs were used for communication.B. Most of the gestures were made for everyday activities.C. The hand movements were smoother and more attractive.D. The meaning was clearer than the previous sign language.45. Which idea does the author present in the last paragraph?A. English grammar of past tense system is inaccurate.B. Children say English past tense differently from adults.C. The thought that English was once a pidgin is acceptable.D. Experts have proven that English was created by children.46. What is the best title for the passage?A. The Creators of GrammarB. The History of LanguagesC. Why Pidgins Came into BeingD. How Grammar Systems Are Used。

第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项。

The Value of TearsTears can ruin make-up, bring conversation to a stop, and give you a runny nose. Tears leave you embarrassed and without energy. Still, crying is a fact of life, and your tears are very useful. Even when you’re not crying, they make a film over the eye’s surface. ______71______ When tears fall, they reduce stress. But we tend to fight them for all sorts of reasons. “People worry about showing their emotions（情绪）, afraid that once they lose control they’ll never get it back.” ______72______After we cry, the feelings that caused the tears often disappear.Sometimes people become much stressed and can’t cry. Whatever emo tion they are feeling — shock, anger, fear, or sadness— is being held back.But everyone has the need to cry. Psychologist Vera Diamond explains that her treatment often consists of giving people permission to cry. _______73_______Patients practice crying just to become used to expressing emotions. She suggests safe, private places to cry, like under the bedcovers or in the car. Crying is a way of ease tension, but people don’t like it when others cry because it makes them tense. _______74______And they’ll do just about anything to make you stop.In certain situations, such as at work, tears are not appropriate. It’s good not to cry during a tense business discussion. ________75_______You should also act out the whole situation again and be as noisy and angr y as you like. It will help you feel better. “And,” she adds, “Once your tears have taken away the stress, you can begin to think calmly of ways to deal with the problem.”Tears are a sign of our ability to feel. If you find yourself near someone crying, deal with it. And never be afraid to cry yourself.Keys: 71-75 DGBAE第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

AOdland remembers like it was yesterday working in an expensive French restaurant in Denver. The ice cream he was serving fell onto the white dress of a rich and important woman.Thirty years have passed, but Odland can‟t get the memory out of his mind, nor the woman‟s kind reaction. She was shocked, regained calmness and, in a kind voice, told the young Odland. “It‟s OK. It wasn‟t your fault.” When she left the restaurant, she also left the future Fortune 500 CEO (总裁) with a life lesson: You can tell a lot about a person by the way he or she treats the waiter.Odland isn‟t the only CEO to have made this discovery. Rather, it seems to be one of those few laws of the land that every CEO learns on the way up. It‟s hard to get a dozen CEOs to agree about anything, but most agree with the Waiter Rule. They say how others treat the CEO says nothing. But how others treat the waiter is like a window into the soul.Watch out for anyone who pulls out the power card to say something like, “I could buy this place and fire you,” or “I know the owner and I could have you fired.” Those who say such things have shown more about their character than about their wealth and power.The CEO who came up with it, or at least first wrote it down, is Raytheon CEO Bill Swanson. He wrote a best-selling book called, Swanson’s Unwritten Rules of Management.“A person who is nice to you but rude to the waiter, or to others, is not a nice person,” Swanson says. “I will never offer a job to the person who is sweet to the boss but turns rude to someone cleaning the tables.”56. What happened after Odland dropped the ice cream onto the woman‟s dress?A. The woman left the restaurant at once.B. The woman comforted him.C. He was blamed.D. He was fired.57. Odland learned one of his life lessons from ________.A. an interesting best-selling bookB. the advice given by the CEOsC. an article in FortuneD. his experience as a waiter58. According to the text, most CEOs have the same opinion about __________.A. Fortune 500 companiesB. the Management RulesC. the Waiter RuleD. Swanson‟s book59. From the text we can learn that __________.A. one should respect others no matter who they areB. CEOs often have meals in expensive restaurantsC. CEOs often show their power before othersD. one should be nicer to important peopleKeys: 56-59 BDCA第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

第二部分阅读理解（共两节，40分）第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项。

Real-life Room Escape GamesReal-life room escape games are a type of physical adventure game in which people are locked in a room with other participants and have to use the things in the room to settle a series of puzzles, find clues, and escape the room within a set time limit.The games are based on Escape the Room video games, such as Crimson Room and QP-Shot, created by TAKAGISM Inc. by Toshimitsu Takagi in 2005, in which the player is locked inside a room and must explore his or her surroundings in order to escape. 51 Other inspirations include adventure board games and movies. Real-life room escape games are becoming popular in the United States, Japan, and China. 52 For example, some games require you to escape prison cells while others require you to escape space stations.53 Soon, they were exported to North America, Asia and Australia. Examples include the two pioneer companies Hint Hunt and Adventure Rooms.The games were so successful that new locations began opening up across China, in cities big and small, according to Want China Times. In the southern city of Shenzhen, for example, the first escape game location opened last August. 54 “These real-life escape games can help those who stay at home on their computers and iPads all day to experience real social circles,” Tian Xiaochuan, who owns two room escape game stores in Jinan, told Want China Times.Earlier this year, The South China Morning Post said the real-life escape games are a hit among “highly stressed students and overworked young professionals.”55 Some players get so involved that they tear down equipment or decorations inside their “prisons” as Zhu Yumeng, chief operating officer of Beijing room escape game store Taoquan told China Daily.A. Each game adds local themes to settings.B. And seven new game locations quickly followed.C. They should also be brave enough to face their fears.D. Sometimes the excitement becomes a bit much, though.E. Weekend or day event escape games have been held in some stores.F. Permanent real life escape games in a fixed location were first opened in Europe.G. Players must be observant and use their critical thinking skills to escape the room.Keys: 51-55 GAFBD第二部分阅读理解（共两节，40分）第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

2018北京六区高三一模英语分类汇编--阅读理解C【海淀一模】CThe Lifecycle of a T-shirtWe all probably have a lot of T-shirts, but do you ever stop and think about the influence of a T-shirt on the planet? You’d probably be surprised to learn what's involved in the lifecycle ofjust one T-shirt.There are 5 major stages: material, production, shipping, use and disposal The materialstageinvolves farming, irrigating, fertilizing, harvesting and ginning. While cotton is a natural fiber (纤维）and not as harmful to the environment as manmade fibers, it still takes a toll in the material and production stages. Commercial cotton farming uses a large amount of water, and the use of pesticides (杀虫剂）is widespread across the globe, especially in cotton farming. Studies have shown that farmers spend around $4.1 billion on pesticides annually, of which 25% was spent on cotton crops in the US.Once the cotton is grown and harvested, so begins the production stage: spinning, knitting, bleaching, dyeing, cutting, sewing, etc.——these processes also use a great deal of water and energy. Commercial dyes and bleaches are harmful pollutants and can eventually pollute groundwater.After the T-shirt is produced, it enters the transportation stage. This often involves overseas shipping. Take a look in your closet. Chances are that most of your cotton garments (衣服）are made in China or India. Garments can be shipped via plane, ship or truck…，all of which spill CO2 into the atmosphere. Calculations show that C02 emissions from light trucks alone amount to 1.15 pounds per mile.Once the T-shirt reaches the retail market, it is purchased. This stage may seem like the leastenvironmentally damaging part. But consider the number of times you5ve washed and dried yourfavorite T-shirt. Washing machines are certainly becoming more efficient. However, the average American household does 400 loads of laundry per year, using about 40 gallons of water per load. Such excessive water use is combined with the large amount of energy used by dryers.The final stage of life is disposal. This releases harmful emissions, or involves a landfill where cotton takes years to break down. Current US records show that an estimated 15% of clothesand shoes are recycled, which means that consumers send a shocking 85% of these materials to landfills.We all need new clothes every once in a while, but let’s all try to keep in mind what goes into the production of clothing... It has a real impact on the planet.There are a lot of things you can do to help reduce your impact. Reuse and recycle clothes. If they5re too worn out to wear, cut them up and use them as cleaning rags. Donate them to charity or another organization that recycles textiles. When possible, make an effort to buy organic cotton. Turn down the thermostat on your washer, and line dry your clothes when the weather will allow it.43. The underlined phrase “takes a toll” probably means “”A. wastes waterB. takes a lot of timeC. uses energyD. has a bad effect44. We can learn from the passage that in the US, .A. pesticides in cotton farming cost over 4 billion dollars every yearB. C02 emissions of land transport amount to 1.15 pounds per mileC. about 15% of the clothes and shoes are made of materials that are recycledD. about 16, 000 gallons of water is used annually by an average family on laundry45. What can be inferred from this passage?A. The production process may affect water safety.B .The clothing cost is relatively low in China and India.C. Cotton clothes are buried because they are hard to break down.D. The use stage is the least environmentally harmful of the five stages.46. What is the purpose of this article?A. To encourage people to donate clothes to charity.B. To promote eco-friendly actions related to clothes.C. To persuade people to purchase more organic cotton.D. To introduce the five stages in the lifecycle of clothing.43. D 44. D 45. A 46. B【西城一模】CThe online takeaway industry is growing in China along with the rapid development of the Internet economy. But environmental activists complain that the huge volume of plastic utensils (用具), wrapping and containers presents a great challenge to the environment, and that the heavy use of throwaway wooden chopsticks is reducing natural resources.On September 1, the Beijing No.4 Intermediate People’s Court accepted a lawsuit filed by the Chongqing Green Volunteer League, an environmental non-government organization (NGO), against the country’s three largest food delivery platforms—Baidu Waimai, Ele.me and Meituan. The NGO stated that the companies failed to provide customers with the choice to not receive throwaway plastic utensils along with their food deliveries. Meanwhile, these utensils have created large amounts of rubbish and caused serious ecological damage.In response, both Meituan and Ele.me, which acquired Baidu Waimai in August, have promised to take measures to reduce plastic waste. Meituan announced that it would appoint a chief environmental officer to oversee environmental issues from plastic waste and upgrade its smartphone app to provide consumers with the option of ordering food without single-use chopsticks, spoons or napkins. Ele.me followed by offering a similar choice and putting forward a plan to introduce suppliers of degradable (可降解的) plastic utensils to restaurants in the long term.Is there a possible way out? Combined efforts by delivery platforms, consumers, restaurants and government departments are required to address plastic waste pollution.For platforms, promoting environmental protection and introducing this idea to consumers are a meaningful move. Moreover, in the future, they should also make strict rules on the use of plastic utensils. For example, no more than one plastic bag should be used to wrap soup dishes, and allplastic products should be degradable. It is a long and difficult task for them, and the recent reactions from Ele.me and Meituan are just beginnings.Considering most takeout food packaging is thrown into garbage bins and then taken away along with other household garbage, sorting of waste also becomes more important. Government departments could play a major role in this, and by recycling some materials, waste pollution could be reduced and resources saved. Furthermore, there have been growing calls that the government should also invest more in developing degradable plastic products or environmentally friendly alternatives.Though consumers enjoy the convenience yet also suffer exposure to the pollution, many of them have paid little attention to the plastic waste problem. Environmental groups suggest that consumers change their habits a little by using their own utensils and dishes and refusing unnecessary plastic containers.43. The Chongqing Green Volunteer League accused the three food delivery platforms of _____.A. causing damage to people’s healthB. violating environmental standardsC. using many wooden chopsticksD. offering no utensil option44. The author suggests food delivery platforms _____.A. Raise people’s awareness.B. Research possible alternatives.C. Upgrade their application design.D. Hire a chief environmental officer.45. Who probably plays a more important role in promoting the categorization of rubbish?A. government departmentsB. food delivery platformsC. environmental groupsD. fast food restaurants46. The passage is mainly concerned with _____.A. why environmental problems ariseB. who food delivery platforms affect mostC. how plastic utensil pollution can be solvedD. what efforts environmental groups have made43. D 44. A 45. A 46. C【朝阳一模】第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

2018年北京市高考英语试卷第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，共15分）从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．例：It's so nice to hear from her again.__，we last met more than thirty years ago．A．what's moreB．That's to sayC．In other wordsD．Believe it or not答案是D．1．（1.00分）﹣Hi，I'm Peter．Are you new here？I haven't seen you around？﹣Hello，Peter．I'm Bob．I just______on Monday．（）A．start B．have started C．started D．had started2．（1.00分）______we don't stop climate change，many animals and plants in the world will be gone．（）A．Although B．While C．If D．Until3．（1.00分）______along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience．（）A．Travel B．TravelingC．Having traveled D．Traveled4．（1.00分）Susan had quit her well﹣paid job and ______as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year．（）A．is working B．was working C．has worked D．had worked15．（1.00分）She and her family bicycle to work，helps them keep fit．（）A．which B．who C．as D．that6．（1.00分）During the Mid﹣Autumn Festival，family members often gather together_______a meal，admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes．（）A．share B．to shareC．having shared D．shared7．（1.00分）China's high﹣speed railways from 9，000 to 25，000 kilometers in the past few years．（）A．are growing B．have grown C．will grow D．had grown8．（1.00分）In any unsafe situation，simply______the button and a highly﹣trained agent will get you the help you need．（）A．press B．to press C．pressing D．pressed9．（1.00分）A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who______in the mountains for two days．（）A．are trapping B．have been trappedC．were trapping D．had been trapped10．（1.00分）Ordinary soap，______correctly，can deal with bacteria effectively．（）A．used B．to use C．using D．use211．（1.00分）Without his support，we wouldn't be______we are now．（）A．how B．when C．where D．why12．（1.00分）In today's information age，the loss of data______cause serious problems for a company．（）A．need B．should C．can D．must13．（1.00分）They might have found a better hotel if they_______a few more kilometers．（）A．drove B．would driveC．were to drive D．had driven14．（1.00分）﹣Good morning，Mr．Lee's office．﹣Good morning．I'd like to make an appointment_______next Wednesday afternoon．（）A．for B．on C．in D．at15．（1.00分）This is________my father has taught me﹣to always face difficulties and hope for the best．（）A．how B．which C．that D．what第二节完形填空（每小题1.5分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．16．（30.00分）3The Homeless HeroFor many，finding an unattended wallet filled with £400 in cash would be a source（）of temptation（诱惑）．But the （1）would no doubt be greater if you were living on the streets with little food and money．All of this makes the actions of the homeless Tom Smith （2）more remarkable．After spotting a （3）on the front seat inside a parked car with its window down，he stood guard in the rain for about two hours waiting for the （4）to return．After hours in the cold and wet，he （5）inside and pulled the wallet out hoping to find some ID so he could contact（联系）the driver，only to （6）it contained £400 in notes，with another £50 in spare change beside it．He then took the wallet to a nearby police station after （7） a note behind to let the owner know it was safe．When the car's owner John Anderson and his colleague Carol Lawrence returned to the car﹣which was itself worth £35，000﹣in Glasgow city centre，they were（8）to find two policemen standing next to it．The policemen told them what Mr．Smith did and that the wallet was （9）．The pair were later able to thank Mr．Smith for his （10）．Mr．Anderson said："I couldn't believe that the guy never took a penny．To think he is sleeping on the streets tonight （11）he could have stolen the money and paid for a place to stay in．This guy has nothing and （12）he didn't take the wallet for himself；he thought about others（13）．It's unbelievable．It just proves there are （14）guys out there．"Mr．Smith's act （15）much of the public's attention．He also won4praise from social media users after Mr．Anderson （16）about the act of kindness on Facebook．Now Mr．Anderson has set up an online campaign to （17）money for Mr．Smith and other homeless people in the area，which by yesterday had received ￡8，000．"I think the faith that everyone has shown （18）him has touched him．People have been approaching him in the street；he's had job （19）and all sorts，"Mr．Anderson commented．For Mr．Smith，this is a possible life﹣changing （20）．The story once again tells us that one good turn deserves another．（1）A．hope B．aim C．urge D．effort（2）A．still B．even C．ever D．once（3）A．wallet B．bag C．box D．parcel（4）A．partner B．colleague C．owner D．policeman（5）A．turned B．hid C．stepped D．reached（6）A．discover B．collect C．check D．believe（7）A．taking B．leaving C．reading D．writing（8）A．satisfied B．excited C．amused D．shocked（9）A．safe B．missing C．found D．seen5（10）A．service B．support C．kindness D．encouragement（11）A．when B．if C．where D．because（12）A．rather B．yet C．already D．just（13）A．too B．though C．again D．instead（14）A．honest B．polite C．rich D．generous（15）A．gave B．paid C．cast D．drew（16）A．learned B．posted C．cared D．heard（17）A．borrow B．raise C．save D．earn（18）A．of B．at C．for D．in（19）A．details B．changes C．offers D．applications（20）A．lesson B．adventure C．chance D．challenge第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）第一节（共30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．17．（8.00分）AMy First Marathon（马拉松）6A month before my first marathon，one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks，leaving me only two weeks to train．Yet，I was determined to go ahead．I remember back to my 7th year in school．In my first P．E．class，the teacher required us to run laps and then hit a softball．I didn't do either well．He later informed me that I was" not athletic"．The idea that I was "not athletic" stuck with me for years．When I started running in my 30s，I realized running was a battle against myself，not about competition or whether or not I was athletic．It was all about the battle against my own body and mind．A test of wills!The night before my marathon，I dreamt that I couldn't even find the finish line．I woke up sweating and nervous，but ready to prove something to myself．Shortly after crossing the start line，my shoe laces （鞋带）became untied．So I stopped to readjust．Not the start I wanted！At mile 3，I passed a sign：" GO FOR IT，RUNNERS!"By mile 17，I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly．Despite the pain，I stayed the course walking a bit and then running again．By mile 21，I was starving！As I approached mile 23，I could see my wife waving a sign．She is my biggest fan．She never minded the alarm clock sounding at 4 a．m．or questioned my expenses on running．I was one of the final runners to finish．But I finished! And I got a medal．In fact，I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had．7Determined to be myself，move forward，free of shame and worldly labels （世俗标签），I can now call myself a "marathon winner"．（1）A month before the marathon，the author．A．was well trainedB．felt scaredC．made up his mind to runD．lost hope（2）Why did the author mention the P．E．class in his 7th year？A．To acknowledge the support of his teacher．B．To amuse the readers with a funny story．C．To show he was not talented in sports．D．To share a precious memory．（3）How was the author's first marathon？A．He made it．B．He quit halfway．C．He got the first prize．D．He walked to the end．8（4）What does the story mainly tell us？A．A man owes his success to his family support．B．A winner is one with a great effort of will．C．Failure is the mother of success．D．One is never too old to learn．18．（6.00分）BFind Your Adventure at the Space and Aviation （航空）CenterIf you're looking for a unique adventure，the Space and Aviation Center（SAC）is the place to be．The Center offers programs designed to challenge and inspire with hands﹣on tasks and lots of fun．More than 750，000 have graduated from SAC，with many seeking employment in engineering，aviation，education，medicine and a wide variety of other professions．They come to camp，wanting to know what it is like to be an astronaut or a pilot，and they leave with real﹣world applications for what they're studying in the classroom．For the trainees，the programs also offer a great way to earn merit badges（荣誉徽章）．At Space Camp，trainees can earn their Space Exploration badge as they build and fire model rockets，learn about space tasks and try simulated （模拟）flying to space with the crew from all over the world．The Aviation Challenge program gives trainees the chance to earn their Aviation badge．They learn the principles of flight and test their operating skills in the cockpit（驾驶舱）of a variety of9flight simulators．Trainees also get a good start on their Wilderness Survival badge as they learn about water﹣and land﹣survival through designed tasks and their search and rescue of a "downed" pilot．With all the programs，teamwork is key as trainees learn the importance of leadership and being part of a bigger task．All this fun is available for ages 9 to 18．Families can enjoy the experience together，too，with Family Camp programs for families with children as young as 7．Stay an hour or stay a week﹣﹣there is something here for everyone!For more details，please visit us online at www．oursac．com．（1）Why do people come to SAC？A．To experience adventures．B．To look for jobs in aviation．C．To get a degree in engineering．D．To learn more about medicine．（2）To earn a Space Exploration badge， a trainee needs to．A．fly to spaceB．get an Aviation badge firstC．study the principles of flight10D．build and fire model rockets（3）What is the most important for trainees？A．Leadership．B．Team spirit．C．Task planning．D．Survival skills．19．（8.00分）CPlastic﹣Eating WormsHumans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year．Almost half of that winds up in landfills（垃圾填埋场），and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans．So far there is no effective way to get rid of it，but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms．Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene，which accounts for 40% of plastics．The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours，and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams，or almost 3% of it．To confirm that the worms' chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown，the researchers made some worms into paste（糊状物）and applied it to plastic films．14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass﹣﹣apparently broken down by enzymes（酶）from the worms' stomachs．Their11findings were published in Current Biology in 2017．Federica Bertocchini，co﹣author of the study，says the worms' ability to break down their everyday food﹣beeswax﹣also allows them to break down plastic．"Wax is a complex mixture，but the basic bond in polyethylene，the carbon﹣carbon bond，is there as well，"she explains．"The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond．"Jennifer DeBruyn，a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee，who was not involved in the study，says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene．But compared with previous studies，she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting．The next step，DeBruyn says，will be to identify the cause of the breakdown．Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes（肠道微生物）？Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team's findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills．But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process﹣not simply "millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic．"（1）What can we learn about the worms in the study？A．They take plastics as their everyday food．B．They are newly evolved creatures．C．They can consume plastics．D．They wind up in landfills．12（2）According to Jennifer DeBruyn，the next step of the study is to．A．identify other means of the breakdownB．find out the source of the enzymeC．confirm the research findingsD．increase the breakdown speed（3）It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might．A．help to raise wormsB．help make plastic bagsC．be used to clean the oceansD．be produced in factories in future（4）What is the main purpose of the passage？A．To explain a study method on worms．B．To introduce the diet of a special worm．C．To present a way to break down plastics．D．To propose new means to keep eco﹣balance．1320．（8.00分）DPreparing Cities for Robot CarsThe possibility of self﹣driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist's dream，years away from materializing in the real world．Well，the future is apparently now．The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly self﹣driving cars on public roads．The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self﹣driving cars，and for companies to operate driverless taxi services．California，it should be noted，isn't leading the way here．Companies have been testing their vehicles in cities across the country．It's hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads．But however long it takes，the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities，for better or for worse，depending on how the transformation is regulated．While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars（and rightfully so），policymakers also should be talking about how self﹣driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams，cut emissions（排放）and offer more convenient，affordable mobility options．The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared．14Do we want to copy﹣or even worsen﹣the traffic of today with driverless cars？Imagine a future where most adults own individual self﹣driving vehicles．They tolerate long，slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because they can work，entertain themselves or sleep on the ride，which encourages urban spread．They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking．Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning，they send the self﹣driving minibus．The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport ﹣﹣an unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ride﹣hailing（叫车）services．A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrol ﹣powered private cars worldwide with electric，self﹣driving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions from transportation 80% and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure （基础设施）and operations 40% by 2050．Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing．The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride﹣hailing services，considering the cost of self﹣driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues（责任与维护问题）．But driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology．Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesn't extend the worst aspects of the car﹣controlled transportation system we have today．The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people，and more affordably．The car of the future is coming．We just have to plan for it．15（1）According to the author，attention should be paid to how driverless cars can．A．help deal with transportation﹣related problemsB．provide better services to customersC．cause damage to our environmentD．make some people lose jobs（2）As for driverless cars，what is the author's major concern？A．Safety．B．Side effects．C．Affordability．D．Management．（3）What does the underlined word "fielded" in Paragraph 4 probably mean？A．Employed．B．Replaced．C．Shared．D．Reduced．（4）What is the author's attitude to the future of self﹣driving cars？A．Doubtful．16B．Positive．C．Disapproving．D．Sympathetic．第二节（共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项．选项中有两项为多余选项．21．（10.00分）Why Do We Get Angry？Anger seems simple when we are feeling it，but the causes of anger are various．Knowing these causes can make us examine our behavior，and correct bad habits．The main reasons we get angry are triggering（触发）events，personality traits（特征），and our assessment of situations．（1）Triggering events for anger are so many that to describe them all would take hundreds of pages．However，here are some examples：being cut off in traffic，a deadline approaching，experiencing physical pain，and much more．（2）The reason why someone is triggered by something and others are not is often due to one's personal history and psychological traits．Each person，no matter who they are，has psychological imbalances．People who have personality traits that connect with competitiveness and low upset tolerance are much more likely to get angry．（3）Also，sometimes pre ﹣anger does not have to do with a lasting condition，but rather a temporary state before a triggering event has occurred．17（4）Sometimes even routine occurrences become sources of pre﹣anger，or anger itself．Sometimes ignorance and negative （消极的）outlooks on situations can create anger．（5）However，anger can easily turn violent，and it is best to know the reasons for anger to appear in order to prevent its presence．With these main reasons in mind，we can evaluate our level of anger throughout the day and prevent cases of outbursts by comprehending the reasons for our feelings．A．Our attitude and viewpoint on situations can create anger within us as well．B．But some types of situations can help us to get rid of the occurrence of anger．C．Anger is rarely looked upon as a beneficial character trait，and is usually advised to reduce it．D．Anger is a particularly strong feeling and maybe people think that they have reasons to feel angry．E．Having these personality traits implies the pre﹣anger state，where anger is in the background of your mind．F．Understanding these reasons will control our own anger if we are willing to evaluate ourselves with a critical eye．G．Not everyone acts the same in response to events，and that is why what triggers one person may or may not trigger another．第三部分：书面表达（共两节，35分）第一节（15分）1822．（10.00分）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的英国朋友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他对中国文化感兴趣，计划明年来北京上大学．他向你咨询相关信息．请给他回邮件，内容包括：1．表示欢迎；2．推荐他上哪所大学；3．建议他做哪些准备工作．注意：1．词数不少于50；2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数．Dear Jim，Yours，Li Hua第二节（20分）23．（25.00分）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，记述你们上周接待外国学生，带领他们体验中国茶文化的全过程．注意：词数不少于60．19202018年北京市高考英语试卷参考答案与试题解析第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，共15分）从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．例：It's so nice to hear from her again.__，we last met more than thirty years ago．A．what's moreB．That's to sayC．In other wordsD．Believe it or not答案是D．1．（1.00分）﹣Hi，I'm Peter．Are you new here？I haven't seen you around？﹣Hello，Peter．I'm Bob．I just______on Monday．（）A．start B．have started C．started D．had started【分析】嗨，我是皮特．你是新来的吗？我之前没见过你．嗨，皮特，我是鲍勃．我星期一刚来的．【解答】答案：C．本题考查一般过去时．根据对话，可知鲍勃之前确实不在这个地方上班，再结合时间状语just，说明他是星期一刚刚来上班的，应该使用一般过去时，表明他的到来发生在过去．故选：C．【点评】本题考查一般过去时．解答该类试题主要观察题干中的对话或者是时间状语或者是隐含信息，表示发生在过去的某一动作即为正确答案．212．（1.00分）______we don't stop climate change，many animals and plants in the world will be gone．（）A．Although B．While C．If D．Until【分析】如果我们不能阻止气候变化，世界上的许多动植物就会消失．【解答】考查从属连词的用法．although"尽管，虽然"，引导让步状语从句．while 表示"当……的时候"，引导时间状语从句；意为"尽管、虽然"，引导让步状语从句．if"如果"，引导条件状语从句．until"直到"，引导时间状语从句．分析可知前后两句话之间是逻辑上的"条件"关系．句意：如果我们不能阻止气候变化，世界上的许多动植物就会消失．故选：C．【点评】本题考查从属连词的用法．连词的用法辨析，要注意分析主从句之间的逻辑关系，再确定相应的连词，同时注意不同的连词的语义及用法区别．3．（1.00分）______along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience．（）A．Travel B．TravelingC．Having traveled D．Traveled【分析】沿着古老的丝绸之路旅行是一种有趣而且有益的经历．【解答】考查动名词．分析可知"__along the old Silk Road"在句中做主语，句子主干是主系表结构．travel是动词原形，不能在句中做主语，可排除A；having done22是现在分词的完成式，它表示主动的动作，并且动作发生在谓语动词之前，常常作状语来修饰动词，可排除C．done是过去分词，在句中通常做定语或状语，不能够在句中做主语．无论作状语或作定语，都表示被动的动作，也可以表示已经完成的动作．可排除D．故选：B．【点评】动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语，但是不能作补语．动名词作主语，谓语动词一般用单三形式动名词作主语，在动词的基础上加ing，使该动词或动词短语，有名词的各种特征，可作名词灵活使用．如：It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk．覆水难收It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us．劝说这样的人加入真是浪费时间．It was hard getting on the crowded street car．上这种拥挤的车真难．It is fun playing with children．和孩子们一起玩真好．There is no joking about such matters．对这种事情不是开玩笑．4．（1.00分）Susan had quit her well﹣paid job and ______as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year．（）A．is working B．was working C．has worked D．had worked【分析】当我去年去看Susan 的时候，她以及辞去了她的高薪工作在当地做起了志愿者工作．23【解答】答案：B．本题考查过去进行时，即某一动作在过去的某一时刻正在发生．根据句意，去年"我"去拜访Susan的时候她已经辞去了高薪职业，正在附件社区从事着志愿者工作，使用过去进行时：was doing sth．故选：B．【点评】本题考查过去进行时，解答该类试题应注意分析句中的时间状语和句子主语的关系，再结合选项，即可选出正确答案．5．（1.00分）She and her family bicycle to work，helps them keep fit．（）A．which B．who C．as D．that【分析】她和她的家人都是骑自行车去上班，这使得他们能保持健康．【解答】本题考查非限制性定语从句．本复合句中，主句为She and her family bicycle to work，而非限制定语从句中缺少主语，因为是非限制性定语从句，故不能使用that，关系代词who是用来替代人，在此不符合句意；as可以引导非限制性定语从句，但是常位于句首．which在从句中引导定语从句作主语，替代前面整个主句的内容，即：每天和家人骑车上班的行为能促使他们保持身体健康．故选：A．【点评】本题考查定语从句．解答该类试题一定要分析题干，分析句子成分再结合选项特点，进行答案的选择．6．（1.00分）During the Mid﹣Autumn Festival，family members often gather together_______a meal，admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes．（）24A．share B．to shareC．having shared D．shared【分析】在中秋节期间，家庭成员时常聚在一起吃饭，欣赏月亮和享受月饼．【解答】考查动词不定式．此处用动词不定式表示目的，作目的状语．故选B 项．其它三项不符合语境．故选：B．【点评】英语中的动名词是由动词变化而来，动词ing形式的一种，兼有动词和名词特征的非限定动词．它可以支配宾语，也能被副词修饰．动名词有时态和语态的变化．另一方面动名词在句子的用法及功能与名词类同：在句子可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语．它也可以被副词修饰或者用来支配宾语．7．（1.00分）China's high﹣speed railways from 9，000 to 25，000 kilometers in the past few years．（）A．are growing B．have grown C．will grow D．had grown【分析】在过去的几年中国的高速公路已经从9000公里发展到25000公里．【解答】句中的时间状语是"in the past few years"，这类的时间状语，句子一般都用现在完成时或现在完成进行时．故选：B．【点评】常与现在完成时连用的时间状语有：since…，for+段时间，in the past few years/weeks等．258．（1.00分）In any unsafe situation，simply______the button and a highly﹣trained agent will get you the help you need．（）A．press B．to press C．pressing D．pressed【分析】在任何不安全的情况下，只要按下按钮，训练有素的助理就会让你得到需要的帮助．【解答】考查祈使句．分析句子可知，此处考查的是祈使句+and/or+简单句，根据句意可知，此处使用动词原形press．故选：A．【点评】对于这种类型的题目需要根据语境及相关的语法知识选出正确答案，需要考生多积累和总结．9．（1.00分）A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who______in the mountains for two days．（）A．are trapping B．have been trappedC．were trapping D．had been trapped【分析】一名救援人员冒着生命危险救了两个被困在山上两天的游客．【解答】考查时态语态．根据句中risked可知，事情是发生在过去，游客被困是发生在"冒险救援"之前，用过去完成时，即"过去的过去"，trap为及物动词，游客是被困的，应该使用过去完成时的被动语态．故选：D．26【点评】对于这种类型的题目需要根据语境及相关的语法知识选出正确答案，需要考生多积累和总结．10．（1.00分）Ordinary soap，______correctly，can deal with bacteria effectively．（）A．used B．to use C．using D．use【分析】普通的肥皂恰当地被使用能有效地清理细菌．【解答】本句中两个逗号隔开的内容应该是对"ordinary soap"作补充说明，肥皂和使用是被动关系，所以用过去分词used．故选：A．【点评】考查分词形式主要看改动词与被修饰的名词之间的逻辑关系，一般用过去分词形式表示被动关系，现在分词表示主动关系．11．（1.00分）Without his support，we wouldn't be______we are now．（）A．how B．when C．where D．why【分析】没有他的支持，我们就不会到我们现在的这个位置．【解答】考查表语从句．分析句子可知，be动词的后面应该是表语从句，根据句意：没有他的支持，我们就不会到我们现在的这个位置，可知应该使用where"在哪里"，而how"如何"，when"何时"，why"为什么"，不符合句意．故选：C．【点评】对于这种类型的题目需要根据语境及相关的语法知识选出正确答案，需27要考生多积累和总结．12．（1.00分）In today's information age，the loss of data______cause serious problems for a company．（）A．need B．should C．can D．must【分析】在当今的信息时代，数据的丢失可能会给公司带来严重的问题．【解答】考查情态动词．need需要；should应该；can能；能够；（表示可能性）可能，可能会；must必须．句意：在当今的信息时代，数据的丢失可能会给公司带来严重的问题．故选：C．【点评】本题考查情态动词的用法．情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，所以在做题时应该把握好说话人的情感态度．13．（1.00分）They might have found a better hotel if they_______a few more kilometers．（）A．drove B．would driveC．were to drive D．had driven【分析】如果他们再多开几公里，他们可能会找到一家更好的旅馆．【解答】考查虚拟语气．在if条件句中，虚拟过去时是表示与过去事实相反的假设，if 从句的谓语形式用过去完成时即：had+过去分词，主句用would / should /28could / might + have +过去分词．本题中主句中使用了might have done，因此，从句中应该使用过去完成时．故选：D．【点评】本题考查虚拟语气．if引导的虚拟条件句是高考考试的重要考察点．应对虚拟语气题目时，我们需要记住一个公式：语法+语境= 正确答案．语法就是指上述各种虚拟语气的结构和用法，需要考生牢牢把握这些虚拟语气的基础知识；语境即说话人的语意、情感、态度等．实际上，目前高考中的大多数语法单项填空题都不是纯粹的考查语法结构，必须把语法或惯用法与语境结合起来才能得出正确答案．因此我们应遵循这个解题模式．14．（1.00分）﹣Good morning，Mr．Lee's office．﹣Good morning．I'd like to make an appointment_______next Wednesday afternoon．（）A．for B．on C．in D．at【分析】﹣早上好，李先生的办公室．﹣早上好．我想为下星期三下午安排一次约会．【解答】答案：A，考查介词用法辨析．结合句意"为下星期三下午安排一次约会"可知，即make an appointment for next Wednesday afternoon．同学易错选为on，以为在某天下午应用介词on，但句意并非在下周三下午才做预约，而是说现在就约，把时间约在周三下午．故用介词for．故选：A．【点评】本道介词题难度相对较大，命题者铺设了陷阱，乍看之下极其容易，仔29细思量其实另有玄机．所以考生在备考时，要注意灵活应用，而不是死记硬背．15．（1.00分）This is________my father has taught me﹣to always face difficulties and hope for the best．（）A．how B．which C．that D．what【分析】这就是我父亲教给我的﹣﹣直面困难，做最好的希望．【解答】考查表语从句．分析句子可知，is后面的从句为表语从句，由于teach 之后需要跟双宾语，即teach sb．sth．可知，缺少teach的直接宾语，需要使用充当句子成分的what．故选：D．【点评】对于这种类型的题目需要根据语境及相关的语法知识选出正确答案，需要考生多积累和总结．第二节完形填空（每小题1.5分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．16．（30.00分）The Homeless HeroFor many，finding an unattended wallet filled with £400 in cash would be a source（）of temptation（诱惑）．But the （1）C would no doubt be greater if you were living on the streets with little food and money．All of this makes the actions of the homeless Tom Smith （2）B more remarkable．30After spotting a （3）A on the front seat inside a parked car with its window down，he stood guard in the rain for about two hours waiting for the （4）C to return．After hours in the cold and wet，he （5）D inside and pulled the wallet out hoping to find some ID so he could contact（联系）the driver，only to （6）A it contained £400 in notes，with another £50 in spare change beside it．He then took the wallet to a nearby police station after （7）B a note behind to let the owner know it was safe．When the car's owner John Anderson and his colleague Carol Lawrence returned to the car﹣which was itself worth £35，000﹣in Glasgow city centre，they were（8）D to find two policemen standing next to it．The policemen told them what Mr．Smith did and that the wallet was（9）A．The pair were later able to thank Mr．Smith for his （10）C．Mr．Anderson said："I couldn't believe that the guy never took a penny．To think he is sleeping on the streets tonight （11）A he could have stolen the money and paid for a place to stay in．This guy has nothing and （12）B he didn't take the wallet for himself；he thought about others（13）D．It's unbelievable．It just proves there are （14）A guys out there．"Mr．Smith's act （15）D much of the public's attention．He also won praise from social media users after Mr．Anderson （16）B about the act of kindness on Facebook．Now Mr．Anderson has set up an online campaign to （17）B money for Mr．Smith and other homeless people in the area，which by yesterday had received ￡8，000．"I think the faith that everyone has shown （18）C him has touched him．People have been approaching him in the street；he's had job31。

第二部分阅读理解（共两节，40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分;：共30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

CWhat Cocktail Parties Teach UsYou’re at a party. Music is playing. Glasses are clinking. Dozens of conversations are driving up the decibel (分贝) level. Yet among all those distractions, you can tune your attention to just one voice from many. This ability is what researchers call the “cocktail-party effect.”Scientists at the University of California in San Francisco have found where that sound-editing process occurs in the brain—in the auditory cortex (听觉皮层) just behind the ear, not in areas of higher thought. The auditory cortex boosts some sounds and turns down others so that when the signal reaches the higher brain, “it’s as if only one person was speaking alone,” says investigator Edward Chang.These findings, published in the journal Nature last week, explain why people aren’t very good at multitasking-our brains are wired for “selective attention” and can focus o n only one thing at a time. That inborn ability has helped humans survive in a world buzzing with visual and auditory stimulation (刺激). But we keep trying to push the limit with multitasking, sometimes with tragic consequences. Drivers talking on cellphones, for example, are four times as likely to get into traffic accidents as those who aren’t.Many of those accidents are due to “inattentional blindness”, in which people can, in effect, turn a blind eye to things they aren’t focusing on. The more attention a task demands, the less attention we can pay to other things in our field of vision. Images land on our retinas (视网膜) and are either boosted or played down in the visual cortex before being passed to the brain, just as the auditory cortex filters sounds, as shown in the Nature study last week. “It’s a push-pull relationship-the more we focus on one thing, the less we can focus on others,” says Diane M. Beck, an associate professor of psychology at the University of Illinois.Studies over the past decade a t the University of Utah show’ that drivers talking on hands-free cellphones are just as influenced as those on hands-held phones because it is the conversation, not the device that is distracting their attention. Those talking on any kind ofcellphone react more slowly and miss more traffic signals than other motorists.Some people can train themselves to pay extra attention to things that are important — like police officers learn to scan crowds for faces and conductors can listen for individual instruments within the orchestra as a whole. Many more think they can effectively multitask, but are actually shifting their attention rapidly between two things and not getting the full effect of either, experts say.43. What have scientists in University of Cali fornia found about “the cocktail-party effect”？A. Usually there is only one person who is speaking alone.B. All kinds of annoying sounds drive up the decibel level.C. The higher brain processes sounds and images selectively.D. Sounds are sorted out before reaching the higher brain,44. What do we learn from the passage?A. We are biologically incapable of multitasking.B. We survive distractions in life by multitasking,C. We cannot multitask without extra attention.D. We benefit from pushing the limit with multitasking.45. Which of the following is an example of “inattentional blindness”？A. A careless driver lost his eyesight after a car accident.B. Police scanned the crowds and located the criminal.C. A manager talked on a hands-free phone with his client,D. A pedestrian had a car accident because of phubbing.46. The main purpose of the passage is to .A. compare and contrastB. inform and explainC. argue and discussD. examine and evaluateKeys: 43-46 DADD第二部分阅读理解（共两节，40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分;：共30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

DEnough “meaningless drivel”. That’s the message from a group of members of the UK government who have been examining how social media firms like LinkedIn gather and use social media data.The House of Commons Science and Technology Committee’s report, released last week, has blamed firms for making people sign up to long incomprehensible legal contracts and calls for an international standard or kitemark (认证标记) to identify sites that have clear terms and conditions.“The term and conditions statement that we all carelessly agree to is meaningless drivel to anyone,” says Andrew Miller, the chair of the committee. Instead, he says, firms should provid e a plain-English version of their terms. The simplified version would be checked by a third party and awarded a kitemark if it is an accurate reflection of the original.It is not yet clear who would administer the scheme, but the UK government is looking at introducing it on a voluntary basis. “we need to think through how we make that work in practice,” says Miller.Would we pay any more attention to a kitemark? “I think if you went and did the survey, people would like to think they would,” says Nigel S hadbolt at the University of Southampton, UK, who studies open data. “We do know people worry a lot about the inappropriate use of their information.” But what would happen in practice is another matter, he says.Other organizations such as banks ask customers to sign long contracts they may not read or understand, but Miller believes social media requires special attention because it is so new. “We still don’t know how significant the long-term impact is going to be of unwise things that kids put on social media that come back and bite them in 20 years’ time,” he says.Shadbolt, who gave evidence to the committee, says the problem is that we don’t know how companies will use our data because their business models and uses of data are still evolving. Large collections of personal information have become valuable only recently, he says.The shock and anger when a social media firm does something with data that people don’t expect, even if users have apparently permission, show that the current situation isn’t working. If properly administered, a kitemark on terms and conditions could help people know what exactly they are signing up to. Although they would still have to actually read them.67. What does the phrase “ meaningless drivel” in paragraphs 1 an d 3 refer to?A. Legal contracts that social media firms make people sign up to.B. Warnings from the UK government against unsafe websites.C. Guidelines on how to use social media websites properly.D. Insignificant data collected by social media firms.68. Andrew Miller thinks social media needs more attention than banks mainly because _______.A. their users consist largely of kids under 20 years oldB. it remains unknown how users’ data will be taken advantage ofC. the information they collected could become more valuable in futureD. the language in their contracts is usually harder to understand69. The writer advises users of social media to _______.A. think carefully before posting anything onto such websitesB. take no further action if they can find a kitemarkC. avoid providing too much personal informationD. read the terms and conditions even if there is a kitemark70. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A. Accept without reading?B. New security rules in operation?C. S ay no to social media?D. Administration matters!Keys: 67-70 ABDA第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

On August 26, 1999, New York City was struck by a terrible rainstorm. The rain caused the streets to ___16___and the subway system almost came to a stop.Unfortunately, this happened during the morning rush hour. Many people who were going to work were ___17___to go home. Some battled to ___18___ a taxi or to get on a bus. Still others faced the ___19___ bravely, walking miles to get to work.I ___20___ to be one of people on the way to work that morning. I went from subway line to subway line only to find that most___21___ had stopped. After making my way___22___crowds of people, I finally found a subway line that was___23___. Unfortunately, there were so many people waiting to___24___the subway that I could not even get down the stairs to the___25___. So I took the train going in the opposite direction, and then switched back to the downtown train. Finally, after what seemed like forever, the train___26___my stop. Then I had to walk several blocks in the increasingly heavy rain. When I finally got to my office, I was___27___through, exhausted and___28___.My co-workers and I spent most of the day drying off. When it was 5:00 pm, I was ready to go home, I was about to turn off my computer___29___I received an email from Garth, my Director:I would like to thank all of you who made the effort and___30___reported to work. It is always reassuring (令人欣慰), at times like these, when employees so clearly show their ___31___to their jobs. Thank you.Garth’s email was short, but I learned more from that___32___message than I ever did from a textbook, The email taught me that a few words of___33___can make a big difference. The rainstorm and the traffic___34___had made me tired and upset. But Garth’s words immediately ___35___me and put a smile back on my face.16. A. break B. flood C. sink D. crash17. A. forced B. refused C. adjusted D. gathered18. A. order B. pay C. call D. search19. A. climate B. scenery C. storm D. burden20. A. used B. promised C. deserved D. happened21. A. practice B. routine C. process D. service22. A. to B. through C. over D. for23. A. operating B. cycling C. turning D. rushing24. A. check B. carry C. find D. board25. A. street B. ground C. floor D. platform26. A. paused B. crossed C. reached D. parked27. A- wet B. weak C. sick D. hurt28. A. ashamed B. discouraged C. surprised D. puzzled29. A. while B. when C. where D. after30. A. hardly B. causally C. absolutely D. eventually31. A. devotion B. donation C. connection D. reaction32. A. accurate B. urgent C. brief D. humorous33. A. promise B. appreciation C. advice D. guidance34. A. troubles B. signals C. rules D. signs35. A. corrected B. supported C. amazed D. refreshed第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

英语注意事项：1．答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。

2．选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。

3．非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。

写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。

4．考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。

第Ⅰ卷第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）(略)第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题：每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

AWelcome to AMDA（福建省百所重点中学2018届高三联考）Your future in the performing arts doesn’t have to be a dream.For o ver50years,AMDA has launched some of the most successful careers in theatre,film and television.AMDA creates industry professionals who don’t just wait for life to happen—they stage their own career path.Now it’s your turn.Program descriptionAt AMDA,we believe a performer must perform.From the first day,you’ll find many performance opportunities in the three core areas of acting,musical theatre and dance,both in and out of the classroom, plus individual voice lessons.Over the course of your four semesters(学期),you’ll also improve your performance technique through an intensive curriculum that focuses on both foundational and advanced concepts in acting,musical theatre and dance.Finally,through courses in career preparation,you’ll learnhow to apply all of this training to a successful career on stage and screen.Philosophy and missionAMDA is committed to providing a splendid performing arts education to a diverse community of creative artists.AMDA serves as both school and stage,where students are given the support and opportunity to identify their own personal objectives and to develop and improve their own distinctive artistic voices.AMDA tries to create an environment for students to develop the skills,confidence, imagination,and power to contribute to their community as artists,businesspeople,lifelong learners,and hard-working citizens of the world Above all,AMDA wants to teach students that commitment and passion are the marks of a successful and joyous career.Registration6305Yucca Street Los Angeles800-367-7908https://21.What is the curriculum of AMDA about?A.Drawing.B.Philosophy.C.Performing.D.Photography.22.How long does the course last?A.One semester.B.Two years.C.Three semesters.D.Four years.23.What can students learn in AMDA?A.How to sing beautifully.B.How to train a performer.C.The way to build a stage.D.The way to be a director.B（广东省百校联盟2018届高三第二次联考）April4th was just another day on a Western Australia farm for Zac Mitchell,until it suddenly wasn’t.In an unexpected accident,the cattle worker was feeding the animals in his charge when one bull cleaned him up and kicked his hand up against the rail,resulting in the thumb on his right hand being cut off.“My thumb was still hanging on the rail...when I got up off the ground,”Zac Mitchell says.His co-workers tried their best to preserve the thumb for reattachment,placing it on ice in a cooler,but two surgeries to put Mitchell’s thumb back in place failed.That’s when doctors came up with another suggestion:Remove one of his big toes to where his thumb used to be.Mitchell’s lead surgeon,Sean Nicklin,understood the man’s dilemma at first,calling it a“bit of a crazy idea”.After all,Zac Mitchell did not want to be injured in another part of his body.But as the thumb is incredibly important function-wise,Mitchell eventually gave in.Nicklin explains that the big toe is surprisingly fit for a thumb switch:Nerves sync up(同步)nicely,and it looks more like a thumb,though a giant one,than any other alternative they may have come up with.He added that big toes aren’t as necessary for b alance and walking as people believe.As far as the foot goes,occasional“fine balance”activities like surfing might be difficult,but most people without a big toe function fine in everyday tasks like walking and even competitive sports.The eight-hour surgery went well,and Mitchell is expected to have a year or so of recovery in front of him before he heads back into the fields.24.What happened to Zac Mitchell on April4th?A.He cleaned up a bull.B.He was badly hurt.C.He started his farm.D.He lost his thumbs.25.What suggestion did the doctor give to Mitchell after the unsuccessful surgery?A.Recreating a new thumb in place.B.Replacing the thumb with his toe.C.Transplanting his co-worker’s thumb.D.Putting back the cut-off thumb again.26.What is Mitchell’s first attitude to the doctor’s another suggestion?A.Optimistic.B.Insignificant.C.Hesitant.D.Rejective.27.According to Nicklin,after the surgery Mitchell is able to.A.surf on the seaB.do daily activitiesC.only stay at homeD.work on wheelchairC（安徽省亳州市2017-2018学年第一学期高三期末试题）Most people know that listening to music when they are feeling down or depressed can encourage their spirits.However studies have also shown that music,especially certain tones can reduce stress.Music can change brainwave patterns,deepen breathing,and bring on a totally stress-free and more open mindset（心态）.Using music to relax when considering a particular problem may not only raise your mood,but also could help you reach that"a-ha"moment and find a solution.Music has also been shown not only to make you feel good,but also,to be a great motivator.For example,during exercise,listening to music can keep you going,or get you to exercise more by helping you to ignore negative feelings of tiredness and focus on the pleasurable feelings you get from being absorbed in the music.Music is mainly used to record emotion.When we listen to a piece of music we share the artist's feelings on a visceral（本来的）level.That can be sad,and who among us hasn't put on a painful love song to share in the misery after a bad break-up?On the contrary,we can share in the delight of songs of joy and happiness,or any song or piece of music that reminds us of a particular happy time in our past.So next time you are feeling down,put on Beethoven's Ode to Joy,I bet you will feel a lot better about whatever it was that was bothering you!28.We can infer from the first paragraph that music can.A.benefit you in many waysB.promote you to find more questionsC.change the patterns of your lifestyleD.influence your attention to a problem29.The author wrote the second paragraph mainly to.A.tell us a storyB.make some commentsC.give us an exampleD.list some facts30.When we enjoy a piece of sad music,.A.we'll share the artist's feelings deeplyB.we may recall our miserable pastC.we may be reminded of particular joyD.we'll show mercy on the artist's life31.What's the best title of the text?A.What music means to a music loverB.Why people love happy musicC.What kind of music is popularD.How music changes your lifeD（广东省化州市2018届高三第二次联考）There’s a song by the great Jamaican singer Bob Marley called So Much Trouble In The World.Marley understood that part of the reason why there are so many problems in the world is the lack of tolerance between people.The UN understands this too–––that’s why it made Nov16th“International Day for Tolerance”.But first of all,what is tolerance?According to French philosopher Voltaire,tolerance is the consequence of humanity.We are all formed of frailty(脆弱)and error;let us pardon each other’s fool–––that is the first law of nature.”Very often,people don’t realize that they’re intolerant.This is because intolerance has a lot to do with ignorance.For example,the UN’s campaign is in part about the treatment of females by males.But often, the behavior of men toward women is intolerant because men don’t put themselves in the shoes of women.It’s worth thinking a little about the words“tolerance”and“intolerance”.Are they the best words to describe the evils of which we’re speaking here?To agree to be“tolerant”of someone isn’t necessarily a very respectful thing.When someone is tolerated,it implies that there’s something wrong with them.Still,what Voltaire said stands:We humans are not perfect and this weakness is something that we all share.That’s the reason we should be tolerant.It’s a little like generosity.We can give things to another person,and we can also give our forgiveness.32.What’s the purpose of the UN“International Day For Tolerance”?A.To arouse people’s awareness of tolerance among people.B.To celebrate the founding of the UN.C.To solve the problem of global warming.D.To change peopled opinion towards globalization.33.Why do men behave intolerantly towards women?A.Because men don’t realize the purpose of the UN.B.Because men are physically stronger than women.C.Because men don’t appreciate the shoes of women.D.Because men are not willing to understand women.34.Why is it meaningless to use the words“tolerance”and“intolerance”?A.Because they are hard to pronounce in English.B.Because they don’t express the exact meaning people refer to.C.Because they can’t be translated into other languages.D.Because they can’t be used in a respectful way.35.In what sense is“tolerance”similar to“generosity”?A.Humans are advised to treat others better.B.Humans leant to find faults in others.C.Humans need to give something to others.D.Humans will change their attitudes to others.第二节（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。

2018年全国高考III卷英语：阅读理解C，深度详解北京四中高三英语教研室整理真题呈现While famous foreign architects are invited to lead the designs of landmark buildings in China such as the new CCTV tower and the National Center for the Performing Arts, many excellent Chinese architects are making great efforts to take the center stage.Their efforts have been proven fruitful. Wang Shu, a 49-year-old Chinese architect, won the 2012 Pritzker Architecture Prize — which is often referred to as the Nobel Prize in architecture —on February 28. He is the first Chinese citizen to win this award.Wang serves as head of the Architecture Department at the China Academy of Art (CAA). His office is located at the Xiangshan campus(校园) of the university in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. Many buildings on the campus are his original creations.The style of the campus is quite different from that of most Chinese universities. Many visitors were amazed by the complex architectural space and abundant building types. The curves(曲线) of the buildings perfectly match the rise and fall of hills, forming a unique view.Wang collected more than 7 million abandoned bricks of different ages. He asked the workers to use traditional techniques to make the bricks into walls, roofs and corridors. This creation attracted a lot of attention thanks to its mixture of modern and traditional Chinese elements(元素).Wang’s works show a deep understanding of modern architecture and a good knowledge of traditions. Through such a balance, he had created a new type of Chinese architecture, said Tadao Ando, the winner of the 1995 Pritzker Prize.Wang believes traditions should not be sealed in glass boxes at museums. "That is only evidence that traditions once existed," he said."Many Chinese people have a misunderstanding of traditions. They think tradition means old things from the past. In fact, tradition also refers to the things that have been developing and that are still being created, " he said."Today, many Chinese people are learning Western styles and theories rather than focusing on Chinese traditions. Many people tend to talk about traditions without knowing what they really are, " said Wang.The study of traditions should be combined with practice. Otherwise, the recreation of traditions would be artificial and empty, he said.28.Wang’s winning of the prize means that Chinese architects are ___________.A. following the latest world trendB. getting international recognitionC. working harder than ever beforeD. relying on foreign architects29. What impressed visitors to the CAA Xiangshan campus most?A. Its hilly environment.B. Its large size.C. Its unique style.D. Its diverse functions.30. What made Wang’s architectural design a success?A. The mixture of different shapes.B. The balance of East and West.C. The use of popular techniques.D. The harmony of old and new.31. What should we do about Chinese traditions according to Wang?A. Spread them to the world.B. Preserve them at museums.C. Teach them in universities.D. Recreate them in practice. 正确答案BCDD答案解析28. Wang’s winning of the prize means that Chinese architects are ___________.王先生获奖意味着中国建筑师是___A. following the latest world trend跟踪世界最新趋势B. getting international recognition获得国际承认C. working harder than ever before比以往任何时候都更加努力D. relying on foreign architects依靠外国建筑师解析：细节理解题。