-百科,西方副本
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“鱼,我所欲也”的下一句是什么?熊掌,亦我所欲也欲速则不达”出自哪部儒家经典?《论语》连接圆心和圆上任意一点的线段称为什么?半径.三角形的面积计算公式是底乘以什么再除以2?高“忍一时,风平浪静”的下一句?退一步海阔天空“儿不嫌母丑”的下一句?狗不嫌家贫“在中国的神话传说中,阎罗王所掌管的地狱有几层?18在《淮南子》,《吕氏春秋》等书的叙述中,天有几重?9陆游诗《示儿》中,“王师北定中原日”下一句是什么?家祭无忘告乃翁出自辛弃疾《西江月》,“七八个星天外”的下一句是什么?两三点雨山前“令媛”是我国古代对对方什么亲戚的尊称?女儿“小犬”在我国古代被用来称呼自己的什么亲属?儿子“好记性不如什么”?烂笔头“躲得过初一”的下一句是什么?躲不过十五我们常用身怀什么来形容女子有孕?六甲我国古代,皇帝去世是用哪两个字来形容?驾崩中国古代的五行是指的哪五行?金木水火土我国地支的排列顺序中,“子丑”后面是哪两个?寅卯用以形容战争规则的话“两国交战”的下一句是什么?不斩来使出自《庄子.让玉》中,“日出而作”的下一句是什么?日落而息八仙中的铁拐李,济公等神话人物随身携带的喝酒器具是什么?葫芦我们常说人很贪心会说他“人心不足什么动物吞象”?蛇中国男篮“郅联组合”是王治郅和谁?易建联曾在火箭队效力的中国球星是?姚明歇后语“黄鼠狼给鸡拜年”的下一句是什么?没安好心歇后语“十五个吊桶打水”的下一句是什么?七上八下我国古代传统婚礼中的“拜天地”有三拜,一拜天地,二拜什么?高堂夫妻各执一杯酒,手臂相交喝完,表示相爱的喝酒形式叫什么?交杯酒一年的四季是地球围绕太阳进行的哪种运动而形成的?公转八大行星中离太阳最近的是哪个行星?水星“给我一个支点,我可以翘起整个地球”是哪位科学家说的?阿基米德“侯氏制碱法”的创始人是我国哪位化学家?侯德榜拨打国内长途时加上的该城市专属的阿拉伯数字统称为什么?区号我国在信封上填在六个方格中的阿拉伯数字叫做什么?邮政编码.我们会说“棒打出头的什么动物”来比喻打击突出或领头的人?鸟我们通常用哪种昆虫的脱壳来比喻用计脱身?蝉沃森和克里克同时提出什么?DNA双螺旋结构细胞内部有“动力工厂”之称的是哪个细胞器?线粒体昨天的昨天的大后天是哪一天?明天我们把由两个字组成的姓称为什么?复姓学而不思则罔”的下一句?思而不学则殆“柴门闻犬归”的下一句?风雪夜归人指两棵树的枝干合在一起,比喻夫妻恩爱,我们称作什么枝?连理枝我们常用什么植物来比喻无主见的人顺风两边倒?墙头草武侠小说中将改换外形的技术通称为什么术?易容术金庸小说《神雕侠侣》中是谁砍断了杨过的右臂?郭芙成语“眼观六路”的下一句是什么?耳听八方84歇后语“小和尚念经”下一句是什么?有口无心在电视剧《新白娘子传奇》中,官人是对什么身份的人的称呼?丈夫在古装影视剧中,我们常常用哪个包含数字的名字来统称店伙计?小二儿歌里唱道的什么动物上灯台,偷油吃,下不来?答案:老鼠由慕容引刀创作的卡通形象“刀刀”是以什么动物为原型的?答案:狗中国的地图板块像一只“雄鸡”,那两支“鸡脚”分别是台湾省和哪个省?答案:海南中国的地图板块像一只“雄鸡”,位于鸡头嘴巴处的是我国哪个省?答案:黑龙江省源于周星驰的电影,我们通常说的“旺财”是指什么动物?答案:狗源于周星驰的电影,我们通常说的“小强”是指什么动物?答案:蟑螂小品《吃面条》《警察与小偷》是哪位“光头”小品演员的代表作?答案:陈佩斯“这个可以有”“着急穿跑偏了”“苏格兰调情”是哪个小品的台词?答案:不差钱《军旗》中按棋子的大小排列顺序紧接在“司令”后面的是什么长?答案:军长《军旗》中按棋子的大小排列顺序紧接在“营长”后面的是什么长?答案:连长系统下,窗口标题栏右侧的三个按钮分别是最小化、最大化(还原)和什么?答案:关闭一种图像处理手段,将影像特定区域模糊形成一个个的小格子称为打什么?答案马赛克居里夫人曾两次获得诺贝尔奖,一项是诺贝尔物理学家,另一项是什么奖?化学奖美国历史上出过老布什,克林顿,小布什等多位总统的是哪座著名学府?耶鲁大学“斗酒诗百篇”说的是哪位唐代诗人?李白“三人行,必有我师焉。
单选题(每题1分,共45题,45分)1.百科全书是( D )。
错误正确答案:DA.零次文献B.一次文献C.二次文献D.三次文献题解:2.题录是( C )错误正确答案:CA.零次文献B.一次文献C.二次文献D.三次文献题解:3.N是( D )的文献类型代码。
错误正确答案:DA.学位论文B.期刊C.专著D.报纸题解:4.M是( C )的文献类型代码。
错误正确答案:CA.学位论文B.期刊D.报纸题解:5.以下( B )属于相关性检索。
错误正确答案:BA.数据检索B.文献检索C.事实检索D.图表检索题解:6.分类法用( A )作为文献内容标识和检索标识。
错误正确答案:AA.分类号B.词语C.阿拉伯数字D.英文字母题解: 是指:( C )正确A.国际标准刊号B.国家标准书号C.国内统一刊号D.国内统一书号题解:8.在《中图法》中字母F代表下列哪个学科( C )正确B.文学C.经济D.教育题解:9.科研利用率最高的是( D )错误正确答案:DA.图书B.学位论文C.会议文献D.期刊题解:10.( B )是从参考文献着手来查找文献的方法。
错误正确答案:DA.顺查法B.倒查法C.抽查法D.追溯法题解:11.( A )运算的功能是逐步缩小检索范围,提高检索结果的查准率。
正确A.与运算B.或运算C.非运算D.异或运算12.( B )运算的功能是扩大检索范围,增加命中文献量了,提高检索结果的查全率。
正确A.与运算B.或运算C.非运算D.异或运算题解:13.如果要查找有关经济管理方面的文献,采用较为合理的检索式为( D )。
正确A.经济 not 管理B.经济 or 管理C.经济 xor 管理D.经济 and 管理题解:14.ISBN中最后一个数字代表( B )。
错误正确答案:DA.地区码B.出版社代码C.书序号D.校验码题解:15.我国使用最普遍的中文图书分类法是( D )正确A.科图法B.杜威十进分类法D.中图法题解:16.用主题词进行检索,一般可检索出对应的( D )篇文献。
《西方世界的劫难II》最终完美版全剧情全流程攻略作者:jknedved 文章来源:本站原创点击数:605833 更新时间:2011-7-20西方世界的劫难是一部剧情冒险类RPG,庞大的游戏场景,史诗般的剧情,舒适易懂的英雄技能,浩瀚的装备系统,惊险刺激的BOSS战,神奇幻妙的隐藏内容。
还有一个个有血有肉,刻画精致的NPC,对游戏伏笔的处理也是本图的一大亮点。
堪称是2011年最经典的RPG作品之一。
游戏背景:在西方1中,人界的英雄们为了拯救被俘获的公主,为了维护人界的和平。
勇闯金色魔王路西法的老巢——诸神之塔,并成功打败路西法。
然而令人没想到的是,柔弱的莉莉丝公主却是这次人魔之战的幕后推手,她为了报复世界对她的不公,将恶魔引进人界。
最终,人界英雄们打败了莉莉丝公主,并使她回心转意,放弃了将世界魔化的邪恶念头。
八年之前,人族皇宫中正酝酿着一场可怕的阴谋,亲王辛卡斯使计杀死了莉莉丝的父亲——人类王国的国王——麦尔登-米亚,并几乎铲除了一切敌对势力,顺利篡位......八年之后,当年完全没有被辛卡斯放在眼里的莉莉丝公主,毅然踏上了复仇之路,她要手刃这个使她家破人亡的禽兽,扞卫米亚家族不可侵犯的神圣血统。
可是.....事情真的如莉莉丝所想的那样吗????一场更为恐怖的灾难正悄悄来临。
西方世界的劫难2全剧情流程攻略作者:漆黑之牙剧情提要:人界的英雄们为了拯救被俘获的公主,为了维护人界的和平。
勇闯金色魔王路西法的老巢——诸神之塔,并成功打败路西法。
然而令人没想到的是,柔弱的莉莉丝公主却是这次人魔之战的幕后推手,她为了报复世界对她的不公,将恶魔引进人界。
最终,人界英雄们打败了莉莉丝公主,并使她回心转意,放弃了将世界魔化的邪恶念头。
八年之前,人族皇宫中正酝酿着一场可怕的阴谋,亲王辛卡斯使计杀死了莉莉丝的父亲——人类王国的国王——麦尔登-米亚,并几乎铲除了一切敌对势力,顺利篡位......八年之后,当年完全没有被辛卡斯放在眼里的莉莉丝公主,毅然踏上了复仇之路,她要手刃这个使她家破人亡的禽兽,扞卫米亚家族不可侵犯的神圣血统。
1.《一年级的小豌豆》2.《一年级的小蜜瓜》3.《小猪唏哩呼噜》孙幼军4.中国神话故事精选(绘画本)5.《鸭子骑车记》大卫·夏农6.文字的奥秘(3册) (包括大自然篇、动植物与人体篇、生活篇共3册) 邱昭瑜7.阿罗系列(7册)(包括《阿罗有枝彩色笔》《阿罗的童话王国》《阿罗漫游太空》《阿罗的ABC》《阿罗在北极》《阿罗在马戏团》《阿罗房间要挂画》7册) 克罗格特8.《猜猜我有多爱你》山姆·麦克布雷尼9.《爷爷一定有办法》菲比·吉尔曼10.恐龙的温馨故事绘本(包括《你看起来好像很好吃》《我是霸王龙》2册) 宫西达也1.《可爱的鼠小弟》2.《月亮的味道》3.《爱心树》4.《小黑鱼》5.《小蓝和小黄》6.《石头汤》7.《活了100万次的猫》8.《壁橱里的冒险》9.《大卫,不可以》10.《梦的守护者》11.《无字书》1.小企鹅心灵成长故事(5册) (包括《小鼹鼠的土豆》《袋鼠的袋袋里住了一窝鸟》《小怪物》《小灰兔找朋友》《红鞋子》) 2.“我在这儿”成长阅读丛书系列(9册) (包括第一站·衔接提高之《狗仔》《妞妞和爷爷同岁》《晚上的浩浩荡荡童话》;第二站·欣赏提高之《我喜欢你》《会跳舞的摇摇》《力力不喜欢女孩》;第三站·拓展提高之《鱼灯》《甜橙树》《睡蟒边的雪兔》)3.《好饿的毛毛虫》艾瑞克·卡尔4.《逃家小兔》 (美)布朗5.《爱心树》谢尔·希尔弗斯坦6.《我不知道我是谁》乔恩·布莱克7.《安徒生童话》安徒生8.《格林童话》格林兄弟1.《母鸡萝丝去散步》2.《嘻哈农场》3.《小威向前冲》4.《米切尔·恩德童话绘本》5.《阁楼上的光》6.《恐龙的温馨故事绘本》7.《胆小如鼠的巨人胆大包天的睡鼠》8.《我的名字克丽桑丝美美菊花》9.《老鼠牙医地嗖头》10.《蚯蚓的日记》11.《鳄鱼怕怕牙医怕怕》12.《獾的礼物》13.《风到哪里去了》14.《我喜欢书》1.《树真好》贾尼里·梅·伍德里文,马可·塞蒙图,舒杭丽译2.《我的妈妈是精灵》3.《小哥儿俩探险记》阿·托尔斯泰4.《逃家小兔》(绘本)5.《我爸爸》(绘本)6.《红鞋子》(汤素兰)7.《爷爷一定有办法》(绘本)8.《我的爸爸叫焦尼》(绘本)9.《王一梅童话系列》(王一梅)10.《小企鹅心灵成长故事》(汤素兰等)11.《晚上的浩浩荡荡童话》(梅子涵)12.《可爱的鼠小弟》(中江嘉美、上野纪子)13.《你看起来好像很好吃》(宫西达也)1.《木偶奇遇记》2.《妹妹的红雨鞋》3.《雪人》4.《了不起的狐狸爸爸》5.《伊索寓言》6.《假话国历险记》7.《豆蔻镇的居民和强盗》(埃格钠)8.《兔子坡》(罗伯特·罗素)9.《稻草人》(叶圣陶)10.《胡萝卜种子》(路斯·克劳斯)11.《小精灵的秋天》(冰波等)12.《要是你给老鼠吃饼干》1.《中国民间故事》2.《凯琪的包裹》3.《小狐狸买手套》4.《安娜的新大衣》5.《大盗贼》(普鲁士勒)6.《装在口袋里的爸爸》(杨鹏)7.《嘭嘭嘭》(童喜喜)8.《大林和小林》(张天翼)1.《不一样的卡梅拉》约里波瓦著艾利施绘2.《发明家奇奇兔》埃迪特.施爱伯-威克3.《京剧猫之武松打虎》熊亮4.《哪吒闹海》古代故事5.《小巴掌童话》张秋生6.《小猪唏哩呼噜》(孙幼军)7.《大个子老鼠小个子猫》(周锐)8.《豆蔻镇的居民和强盗》(埃格钠)1.《洋葱头历险记》(贾尼·罗大里)2.《时代广场的蟋蟀》(美乔治塞尔登)3.《犟龟》(德米切尔恩德)4.《西游记》(吴承恩)5.《窗边的小豆豆》(黑柳彻子)6.《我的儿子皮卡》(曹文轩)7.《假如给我三天光明》海伦·凯勒8.《少年版世界名人传记》方洲:1.《笨狼的故事》 (汤素兰,浙江少年儿童出版社)2.《蓝鲸的眼睛》(冰波,中国福利会出版社)3.《狼王梦》(沈石溪)4.《汤姆索亚历险记》5.《大脚丫跳芭蕾》6.《三只小猪的真实故事》7.《雪人》8.《是谁嗯嗯在我的头上》9.《生气汤》10.《奥莉薇》1.《大自然的秘密》2.《夏洛的网》3.《我的野生动物朋友》4.《十万个为什么》5.《一千零一夜》6.《宝葫芦的秘密》7.《学校屋顶上的轮子》8.《神奇的校车》9.《亲爱的汉修先生》1.《鼹鼠的月亮河》2.《宇宙探索百科全书》3.《希腊神话》4.《意林》少年版5.《三国演义》少年版6.《活了一百万次的猫》(中文绘本)7.几米作品《月亮不见了》(中文绘本)8.《夏洛的网》(怀特)9.《时代广场的蟋蟀》(乔治·塞尔登)(中文绘本)10.《长袜子皮皮》(林格伦)1.《王尔德童话》2.《爱的教育》3.《中外名人故事》4.《动物王国大探秘》5.《我的第一本科学漫画书》6.《爱的教育》(亚米契斯)7.《犟龟》(米切尔·恩德)(中文绘本)8.《怪老头》(孙幼军)9.《我爱吕西安》:1.《少年周恩来》2.《了不起的狐狸爸爸》3.《有趣的科学》4.《小王子》5.《一粒种子的旅行》6.《名人成长故事》7.《足球大侠》(张之路)8.《狐狸小学的插班生》(北董)9.《小巴掌童话》(张秋生)1.《查理和巧克力工厂》2.《呼兰河传》3.《安妮日记》4.《假如给我三天光明》5.《中国兔子德国草》6.《列那狐的故事》7.《女巫》(罗尔德达尔)8.《魔法师的帽子》(托芙·杨松)9.《帅狗杜明尼克》(威廉·史代格)1.《文身狗》(保罗·马尔)2.《大盗贼》(普鲁士勒)3.《了不起的狐狸爸爸》(罗尔德达尔)4.《装在口袋里的爸爸》(杨鹏)5.《西顿野生动物故事集》(西顿)6.《嘭嘭嘭》(童喜喜)7.《狐狸列那的故事》(浙江少儿出版社)8.《美丽的巴拿马》(米切尔·恩德)9.《中国童话》(黄蓓佳)1.《绿山墙的安妮》2.《城南旧事》3.《森林报》4.《昆虫记》5.《向着太阳歌唱》6.《上下五千年》7.《草房子》8.《你也能当发明家》9.《海底两万里》1.《一龙二虎三猴》(中国儿童文学获奖者自选文库)罗辰生2.《小孩成群》(儿童文学名家经典自选集)秦文君3.《红雨伞·红木屐》(儿童文学名家经典自选集)彭懿4.《双人茶座梅子涵》(儿童文学名家经典自选集)5.《第十一根红布条》曹文轩(儿童文学名家经典自选集)6.《麻雀不唱》常新港(儿童文学名家经典自选集)7.《蟋蟀也吃兴奋剂》张之路(儿童文学名家经典自选集)1.《西游记》(吴承恩)2.《三国演义》(罗贯中)3.《水浒传》(施耐庵)4.《红楼梦》(曹雪芹)5.《俗世奇人》(冯骥才)6.《童年》(高尔基)7.《封神演义》普及版8.《水浒传》9.《中外经典科普故事》10.《中外名人故事》1.《儿童文学》2.《告诉世界,我能行》3.《淘气包马小跳》系列4.《亲亲我的妈妈》5.《钢铁是怎样炼成的》6.《鲁滨逊飘流记》1.《佐贺的超级阿嬷》2.《汉字奇兵》3.《35公斤的希望》4.《腰门》5.《安房直子月光童话》6.《希利尔讲世界史、世界地理、艺术史》7.《失落的一角》(绘本)8.《小王子》(圣·德克旭贝里)9.《哈里波特系列》10.《秘密花园》(弗朗西丝霍奇森·伯内特)11.《苏菲的世界》(乔斯坦·贾德):1.《火印》2.《自然之子黑鹤精品书系珍藏版》3.《可怕的科学·经典数学系列》4.《不列颠少儿百科全书第二辑》5.《西顿动物记》6.《风与树的歌》(安房直子)7.《永远讲不完的故事》(米切尔·恩德)8.《我能跳过水洼》(艾伦·马歇尔)9.《逃逃》(秦文君)10.《桥下一家人》(纳塔丽)11.《小河男孩》(蒂姆·鲍勒)12.《奥兹仙境》(弗兰克·鲍姆)1.《野芒坡》2.《小学生名家文学读本》典藏版礼盒3.《无字书图书馆》4.《天使雕像》5.《写给儿童的世界历史》6.《狼图腾·小狼小狼》7.《最后的獒王》8.《万物简史少儿彩绘版》9.《林汉达中国历史故事集》10.《DADA全球艺术启蒙系列-第1辑》·艺术大师11.《德国少年儿童百科知识全书》1.《一只狗和他的城市》(常新港)2.《城南旧事》(林海音)3.《女生贾梅》《男生贾里》(秦文君)4.《毛毛——时间窃贼和一个小女孩的不可思议的故事》(米切尔·恩德)5.《幻城》(郭敬明)6.《三重门》(韩寒)7.《青铜葵花》(曹文轩)8.《女儿的故事》(梅子涵)9.《第三军团》(张之路)10.《寄小读者》(冰心)。
zim格式wiki中文简体-回复【zim格式wiki中文简体】是一种用于存储和管理维基百科的电子数据格式。
它被设计成可跨平台使用,用于离线浏览维基百科,并提供了快速且可靠的搜索功能。
本文将详细介绍zim格式wiki中文简体,并解释如何安装、使用以及在其中编辑和创建文章。
第一步:了解zim格式wiki中文简体zim格式wiki中文简体是一种用于存储和管理维基百科内容的电子数据格式。
它是维基百科传统的无连接副本,在没有网络连接的情况下提供访问。
这种格式使用了一种高度压缩并优化的文件结构,使得维基百科的大量内容可以在相对较小的文件中存储。
与网页浏览器访问维基百科不同,zim格式wiki中文简体可以在没有网络连接的情况下被访问。
这对于在没有互联网访问权限或者需要在离线环境中查阅维基百科的人来说是非常有用的。
此外,由于zim格式wiki中文简体是本地文件,它比在线访问维基百科更快速,可以快速加载页面和搜索结果。
第二步:安装zim阅读器在使用zim格式wiki中文简体之前,需要安装一个zim阅读器。
zim阅读器是一个用于查看和浏览zim格式的文件的应用程序。
目前有许多zim 阅读器可供选择,其中一些是免费的,可以根据个人的需要进行选择。
以下是一些常见的zim阅读器:1. Kiwix:Kiwix是一个流行的开源zim阅读器,可以在多个平台上运行,包括Windows,Mac和Linux。
它提供了一个直观的用户界面,可以轻松导航和搜索zim文件中的内容。
2. ZIM Reader:ZIM Reader是一个简单实用的zim阅读器,可以在Windows上运行。
它提供了快速的搜索功能和简洁的界面。
3. Okawix:Okawix是一个跨平台的zim阅读器,可以在Windows,Mac和Linux上运行。
它具有类似于Web浏览器的界面,可以方便地浏览和搜索zim文件中的内容。
根据个人的操作系统和需求,选择并安装一个合适的zim阅读器。
西方世界的劫难》各种材料的出处从头说起吧,最先接触的是第一个基地的卷轴商店1,天狼石:阴湿浪人(守城结束后从上面出去往左上走,过螃蟹,遇到召唤师开石碑,再往左上走,有个洞,进去就有)凶暴恶狼(过强盗首领,出大门,遇到一个小兵说村子出事了,不管他直接往右走,到石碑之后往正上方走,红色的狼。
双刀部落附近)恐怖狼人(天云村上面出去,稍微往右边点有个被岩石屏障挡住的洞,进洞就有。
路西法任务那里)2,古代骸骨:骸骨战将(守城结束后往右边继续走.进大门之后能看到强盗和大小骷髅,大骷髅就是。
剧情必经之路。
另外打水晶骷髅头的洞里也有8只。
)3,羊骨角: 守城任务BOSS掉(就是那个亡灵巫师,全图唯一,BOSS不刷新)4,蝎蛇皮:蝎蛇(遇到小兵说村子出事了之后,顺路走。
进蛇洞就有)5,海龟壳: 大海龟(过强盗首领,出大门,往右一直走,开石碑,右上方的海边。
藏宝图任务的洞外)6,精铁块:高级土匪(打骷髅那,左边有一只,右下方的角落一只。
过骷髅那,强盗首领之前比较多)剩下没提到的都是装备,大多数在海妖(过蝎蛇之后的剧情)或者海妖之前都能买到,我就不多说了,其中炮兵徽章和幻影戒指,骷髅,熊,螃蟹都能出。
天方战靴金色装备,已知凶暴恶狼能出。
然后是火枪手的武器店7,寒冰碎羽:罪恶骨魔(就是那个射冰箭的骷髅弓箭手,过了剑圣冢生之后,一直到进红色魔王神殿之前都有,对于从头开始玩的玩家来说,这个要稍微往后的剧情了。
1.16掉率不高,耐心)8,军纹石:强盗首领堪萨德(从骸骨战将到蝎蛇洞的路上会路过,掉率不错应该是100%出,BOSS刷新)9,冰晶草:海巫师(要接娜迦的复兴第二任务之后,小海妖传送石往下走偏右一点走到头有个漩涡会开启,进去稍微走走就能看到,新人慎重)神秘巫师(皇宫里面骑马会变你羊的法师,一般和圣骑士在一起,过了菲奥娜等3人之后。
到天云村之后才能进皇宫,新人慎重)没提到的都是装备,除了石岩魔剑外在天云村或者天云村之前都能买到,石岩魔剑是红色装备,V-Gars(红色冒火的战争傀儡),和红色魔王神殿之前的山岭巨人。
外域副本简介在《魔兽世界》 (World of Warcraft) 这个广受欢迎的多人在线角色扮演游戏中,外域副本是游戏中的一个重要元素。
外域副本是指位于《燃烧的远征》 (The Burning Crusade) 扩展包中的一系列挑战性副本,玩家需要组队并通过各种关卡和挑战来获得丰厚的奖励。
背景故事外域副本的故事发生在《魔兽世界》的主世界,艾泽拉斯大陆的南方,通过被称为黑暗之门的传送门,玩家们来到了外域。
在外域中,他们将面临来自黑暗泰坦萨格拉斯的军团的威胁,需要与他们进行战斗和对抗。
为了击败军团,玩家将进入各种副本,挑战各种强大的敌人。
外域副本的种类外域副本包括了许多不同类型的副本,每个副本都有其独特的设计和挑战。
以下是一些著名的外域副本:1. 奴隶围栏 (Slave Pens): 这个副本位于外域的蒸汽地窟中,玩家需要与被奴役的生物战斗,并解救他们。
奴隶围栏副本有多个首领和精英怪物等待玩家的挑战。
2. 法力陵墓 (Mana-Tombs): 这个副本位于外域的虚空之环中,玩家需要穿越虚空能量充沛的地区,并与卡尔塔斯·托尔贝恩(Kael'thas Sunstrider) 的追随者进行战斗。
3. 审判大厅 (The Shattered Halls): 审判大厅位于外域的地狱火城墙中,是一个非常具有挑战性的副本。
玩家需要面对恶魔军团的最高指挥官卡加斯·刃拳 (Kargath Bladefist)。
4. 艾尔凯娜斯 (Auchenai Crypts): 这个副本位于外域的地狱火半岛中,是一个神秘的地下墓穴。
玩家需要与亡灵和恶魔进行战斗,并最终面对亡灵领主埃兰 (Exarch Maladaar)。
以上只是外域副本的一小部分,还有许多其他副本可供玩家探索和挑战。
挑战与奖励外域副本是《魔兽世界》中的高级挑战,需要玩家组建强大的队伍来应对各种困难。
副本中的敌人往往具有高度智能和各种技能,需要玩家的策略和团队合作来战胜。
Wall Street(Drama) ( 1987)© 2000 by Raymond WeschlerMajor CharactersBud (Buddy ) Fox…………………………………….Charlie SheenA young, smart and very motivated stock broker(seller) who dreams of making millions of dollars.Gordon Gekko………………………………………….Michael DouglasA very rich, ruthless and immoral stock trader and “corporate raider,”which is a person who buys and sells companies, often with horribleresults for company workers.Darien Taylor……………………………………………Daryl HannahA young and beautiful interior decorator with very expensive taste,who is a friend of Gekko’s, and who soon becomes Bud’s girlfriend. Carl Fox…………………………………………….………Martin SheenBud’s father, a very honest and good man, who is an airplanemechanic and labor union leader at Blue Star Airlines.Sir Larry Wildman……………………………………Terence StampAn extremely rich British corporate raider, who often findshimself fighting against Gekko for control of various companies.Lou Mannheim………………………………………….Hal HolbrookAn older trader at the brokerage (stock trading firm) where Bud works. Roger Barnes……………………………………………..James SpaderA corporate lawyer and old friend of Bud’s, who has inside(secret) information on many companies, thanks to his job. Marv……………………………………………….………..John C. McGinteyA fellow trader and friend of Bud’s. Duncan……………………………………………………..William G. KnightThe leader of the pilot’s union at Blue Star airlines.Plot SummaryThis movie is the story of a young and ambitious Wall Street stock broker named Bud Fox, who is determined to become rich like his hero, a stock trader and corporate raider named Gordon Gekko. Gekko is one of the richest,most ruthless and immoral businessmen in the country, who routinely uses inside (secret) corporate information to make deals, even though this is completely illegal. He also buys companies cheap, only to destroy them and their workers’ jobs in order to sell off the company’s assets (such as planes, land, office buildings, etc). For Gekko, “greed is good.”After trying for several weeks, Bud gets to meet Gekko, and with a little luck, he is soon working with him, making investments with an account Gekko has set up for him. Gekko promises Bud lots of “perks” (benefits) if he does well with the money, and those benefits soon arrive. He also meets Darien at a party that Gekko is throwing, and now that he is starting to make so much money, he can afford to go out with her, despite her very expensive taste. Unfortunately, though Bud soon learns the dark side of Gekko’s trading world, including his willingness to break any law, or for that matter, destroy any company, to make more and more money. This includes even the company where Bud’s father is the leader of the labor union, and for Bud, that is a bad deal that is just too close to home.This movie, which was made in 1987, does a good job of capturing the ambiance, and more specifically, the greed, that was a big part of the American scene during the 1980s. In fact, the character of Gordon Gekko is based loosely on a real corporate raider named Ivan Boesky, who was fined $100,000,000 and sentenced to several years in jail for his part in the insider trading scandals that shook Wall Street during that decade. Of course, wealth and money are relative; By the end of the 1990s, dozens of people in the US had accumulated fortunes in the billions of dollars, making the sums discussed in this movie seem almost insignificant!This is the act of trading stock after acquiring information from executives or other high officials inside a company. It is illegal, because it is believed the person who has this information has an unfair advantage over those who don’t. Of course, it is difficult to prove, and in the real world, many people often come very close to breaking this law.The Three Most Important Companies in this Film (All Fictional):Blue Star Airlines: The airline where Bud’s dad is a mechanic and union leader, which is facing bankruptcy because it cannot compete with bigger airlines. Bud feels he can save it, but Gekko has other ideas.Teldar Paper: A huge paper company that Gekko wants to buy, forcing outall of their management. Obviously, the management tries to resist this.A steal company that Larry Wildman wants to buy and save, and in theory, make profitable for the long run. It becomes harder for Larry to do this when Gekko begins to buy stock in it, thus driving up the price.Some Words and Expressions that You May not KnowBud has a bad day at the office, losing $7,000 for all his hard work.How are you doing? :: Doing any better, and it would be a sin.A silly way of saying things are going very well(A “sin” is an immoral act of which God disapproves).Get out while you’re young, kid.Lou’s way of telling Buddy to leave the brokering business.?“Pal” is an alternative word to friend (It is heavily used in this movie).today.A slangy way of saying to make a lot of money.Jesus, you can’t make a in this market.“Jesus” is a common way of showing emotion such as anger orfrustration. A “buck” is a widely used way of saying a dollar.faster than whenthat son of a bitch Roosevelt was in charge.If a person or country is “going to hell,” it is becoming bad or weak.A “son of a bitch “ is a vulgar way to refer to a mean or abusive person.In this case, for a company to “come around”means to become strong and profitable again.Stick to the fundamentals. That’s how IBM and Hilton were built.In this case, a type of business advice that says companies shouldconcentrate on doing what they do best (Building computers for IBMand running hotels for Hilton)..To “look sharp” is to look professional, or like you know what you’redoing. A “rookie” is a person who just started working in a new job. Utilities are our top priority today.The companies that deliver gas and electricity.Research just put thrifts on the recommended.A “hot lead” is a piece of information that could be very valuable.“Thrifts” are a type of small lending bank (The research departmentis recommending to buy the stocks of certain thrift banks)..“To dump” a stock is to sell it, often very quickly before it continues to go down in price. A very important verb in this film! “For Christ’ssake” is a common way of expressing frustration or other emotion Jack, 30,000, 38 tops.A short way of telling Jack to buy 38,000 shares of aparticular stock, but to pay no more than $38 per share.We are in the middle of the biggest thatour generation or any other has everA “bull market” is a stock market in which prices are going up (A “bearmarket” is when prices are going down). “To witness” something is to see or observe it.An “extraordinary opportunity” is a very rare chance, in this case tomake a lot of money. “To emerge” is to appear or become known.The “debt market” is investments in corporate or government bonds(Debt is the money owed by one person or institution to another).In 10 minutes it’s history, at 4:00 I’m a dinosaur!Marv’s way of saying that stocks must be sold extremely quickly,because their value changes dramatically in just a few seconds(If something “is history,” it’s old and useless, and “dinasours”are the huge monsters that ruled the earth millions of years ago).Sure it’s gone down, but you got the , I didn’t.A “tip” is a useful piece of information or advise.Oh !was Isupposed to know you were in surgery?“Give me a break” is an excellent way of telling someone to stop saying nonsense, or to stop acting in a ridiculous way. “The hell” is added toWh questions in order to show emotion such as frustration.and get back to you.An “account executive” is a prestigious or fancy way ofreferring to a salesman, or in this case, stock broker.You tell me that he’ll DK you for a lousy1/4 point?o n ow” them, so that you don’t have to pay for a stock that has gone down in price since youbought it! “Lousy” is a good word for bad, or here, insignificant.me to this guy and youknow he has a history of this kind of .“To assign” a client to a broker is to give them that person’s business.“Bullshit” is a vulgar but excellent word for lies, nonsense, or in thiscase, unethical or immoral behavior.Howard the on me.A “jerk” is a widely used word for an idiot, bastard, ass, etc…“To reneg” on a person is to refuse to do what you had promised them..“To cover a person’s losses” is to pay for them. “To the tune of”is a way of saying “that are equal to…” A “grand’ is $1,000., Marv. American Express has a hit man looking for me.In this context, if a person is “tapped out,” they no longer have anycredit left with their credit card company (Here, American Express).A “hit man” is a person paid to kill somebody.to you.A “c-note” is a $100 bill. “To make it up” to somebody is topay them back for a favor they have done.30 seconds after the Challenger blows up, Gekko’son the phone selling NASA stocksThe “Challenger” was the space craft the blew up in 1986, killing all the astronauts on board. To “sell a stock short” is to buy investments thatgo up in value when the stock goes down. NASA is the NationalAeronautics and Space Administration of the federal government. And he had an ethical by-pass at birth.A funny line. “Ethical” is another word for moral, and a “by-pass” is aserious heart operation. This is a way of saying that Gekko was bornwithout morals or ethics, or that that were by-passed at birth.Bud sees his dad, and then after 39 days of calling, gets to meet Gekko.in Florida next Christmas.Short for a “condominium,” which is an apartment that people own. You look like you’ve grown another inch, but .An inch is a unit of measurement, about the length of a thumb.If a person “doesn’t look so hot,” they often look sick or weak(In other context, this could be referring to physical beauty).You’re starting to get bags under your eyes, like your old man.A person’s “old man” is their father. Very slangy.I had a tough day.A “tough” day is a difficult one.DK: He didn’t know who I was when the options he bought took a bath.An “option” is an investment that bets on whether a stock will go up or down. If an investment “takes a bath,” it goes down in value.. You could have been a doctor.A “racket” is a very negative word for a profession in whichpeople make money by cheating or manipulating others.If you stayed at Blue Star, you could havebeen a supervisor, instead of a salesman.A person who is in charge of others at a business or office.50K doesn’t get you to“50 K” is $50,000. In this case, “first base” is the most minimumamount of money needed to live decently in New York. “The bigapple” is a common nickname for New York City.Come back home and live rent free, instead ofplace you’re living in.A “roach” (or “cockroach”) is an unpleasant insect, common in poorapartments. If a place is “infested” with insects, it is filled with them. Jesus Christ, the whole world is off it’s rocker.If a person is “off their rocker,” they are acting crazy.That’s Queens, dad. A 5% and you rent the top room.“Queens” is a borough (section) of New York City, not on the island of Manhattan, which is where Wall Street is located. A “mortgage” is the monthly amount that a home owner pays a bank on a home loan.I got to live in Manhattan to be a player;anymore.In this case, “a player” is a person with huge amounts of money thatcan effect the future of stocks and companies. “Nobility” is anotherword for honor or dignity, and “poverty” is the state of being very poor.$300?A common verb meaning to lend or give away, most frequently heardon American streets in the question “Can you spare a quarter?”drug tests are driving my men crazy.“Damn” is a filler adjective that expresses anger or other emotion.If something is “mandatory,” it is legally required (In this case, drugtests on the job to test for marijuana and other illegal drugs).The FAA is going to it was a manufacturingerror on the door latch mechanism.The FAA is the Federal Aviation Administration, which regulates allairplane traffic in the US. A “latch mechanism” is a part of a door thatallows it to swing open and shut.. It’s thoseGod damn greedy manufacturers in Cincinnati.In this case, “maintenance” refers to the mechanics at the airline thatmake sure the airplanes are safe. “God damn” is a stronger and morevulgar version of damn. Cincinnati is a major city in Ohio.This gets us out from under suspension. We canget new routes to Boston and Pittsburgh now.If a company is “under suspension,” they are legally required to follow certain rules, often until an investigation is completed. Airline“routes” are the pathway between two cities that it’s allowed to fly. You’ve got that mischievous look in your eyes.An excellent word to describe a young boy who looks like theyare about to do something that is wrong or not permitted.I’ll give you a You’re thinking seriously about marrying me.Another good word for a useful piece of information.You can’t just come barging in here….andwhat makes you think it’s his birthday?“To barge in” to an office is to quickly and forcefully enter it,often without knocking or warning the person inside.Life all comes down to a few moments. This is one of them.If life “all comes down to” a few moments, it means thatthese few moments will dramatically effect life in the future.I loved it at 40; It’s an insult at 50.This is Gekko’s way of saying the stock price was good at40 dollars a share, but too expensive at 50 dollars a share.Their analysts don’t knowA funny play on words. In this context, “stock analysts” are peoplewho study the true value of stocks and companies. “Preferred stock”is a type of company stock, while “livestock” is another word for cows!,” kid.“Persistence” is the act of continuing to try for an extendedperiod of time, despite an early lack of success.I’m looking for 30, 35%, just enough to block anybody else’s mergerA corporate “merger” is the act of two companies joining to becomeone. If a company’s “books are cooked,” the accounting numbers theyuse to show profits are misleading or even false. Gekko is saying hewants to buy enough stock in the company so that he can get inside ofcorporate offices to investigate for himself.If it looks as good on paper, we’re inIf something looks good “on paper,” it looks good when studiedcarefully. In this context, if a stock price is in “the kill zone,” it is at aprice that is worth buying.Lunch?! Lunch is for wimps!A funny slang word for a weak or fragile person.I’ve got to monitor my blood pressure, so whatever you do, don’t upset me.“To monitor” a medical condition is to observe it over a period of time.Less than one visit to a doctor.A computerized “readout” is a printed copy of information. Ifsomething is “cost-effective,” it saves more money than it costs.Jacob-Steinham. :: They’re going places, good department.Jacob-Steinham is the investment firm where Bud works. If it is “going places,” they are going to grow and become more successful. A “junkbond” is a high-risk corporate bond that pays a high interest rate.on that Janson investment?The “financing” of a business deal is the act ofgetting together the money that is needed.What are you? 12th man on the deal team, last to know?This is Gekko’s way of making fun of Bud for not knowingthe details of a business deal that he supposedly involved in., couple of 5% holders. ::If a company has “explosive earnings,” it is making a huge amount ofmoney. If a company stock sells at 30% “discount from the book value,”it is believed to be worth at least 30% more than what the stock isvalued at. A “5% holder” is a person who owns 5% of the stock.For Gekko, if a company is “a dog,” it is a bad or stupid investment.If this guy owned a funeral parlor, no onewould die. This turkey is totally brain dead.A “funeral parlor” is a building where funerals occur for those whohave recently died. All of this is Gekko’s way of saying the company isrun by people who are stupid or have no business skills.the son of a bitch. I wantin his fucking body flowing red.“To dilute” a stock holder is to reduce the percentage of stock that they own in the company. An “orifice” is a body hole (mouth, nostrils,etc…). This is Gekko’s very vulgar way of saying he wants anotherstock trader to lose control of a company he wants to buy...“Piece of cake” is a common way of saying something is very easyto do. “The street” is a widely used way of referring to Wall Street.The “breakup value” of a company is how much money can be madeby selling all of its assets, such as its property, technology, etc. The“market price” of a company is how much all of its stock is worth. That’s a dog with different fleas. Tell me something I don’t know.A “flea” is a type of winged insect that live on dogs and cats.Gekko’s way of saying that this company has its own big problems.somewhere, so what?If something “rings a bell,” it sounds familiar,but you can’t quite remember what it is.It’s a comer….great slots in major cities.In this context, a “comer” is a slangy way of referring to a growingcompany with a good future. “Slots” are the gates that individualairlines have access to at airports.on a lawsuit.Even the plaintiffs don’t know about it.A “favorable ruling” in a lawsuit means that a judge has agreed withyour side. A “plaintiff” is a person who sues for damages in court.for new planes and route contracts.If a legal decision “clears the way,” it eliminatesall the obstacles or road blocks to moving forward.. :: The Terminator!A “share” is a unit of stock, and in this case, if they are “in the bag,”they have just been bought. The Terminator is the character from theArnold Schwarzenegger movie (To terminate something is to end it)., Ollie!In this case, to “blow away” somebody is to kill them.I look at 100 deals a day. I one.A “deal” is a business agreement, and to “close” a deal is to agree to it. We’re going over 5% in Teldar…and we don’t buy anything over 22.Gekko’s way of saying that he’s going to own over 5% of Teldar PaperCompany, but all the stock he buys will be no more than $22 a share.Bud gets to trade for Gekko, and soon enters his world.I’m here. I’ve got all those damn newhere.If a person is “in a bind,” they are in a difficult situation. If you are“edged out” by another person, you are being beaten by them (To “have an edge” at a skill is to be just a little more talented than the other)..“To see through” a person is to see how they really are,and not how they want you to think they are.Plenty of six-figure names in thatA “six figure name” has an income of over $100,000 a year. A zip codefile has people listed by their postal zip code (which helps mailmendeliver the mail). When a salesman “cold-calls” a potential client, they call without that client ever having been contacted before.Got tickets to the Knicks game tonight.Go out and cruise some chicks afterwards?The Knicks are the New York City basketball team. “To cruise chicks”is a very slangy and ridiculous way of saying to try and meet girls.It’s going to be What do you say?A wonderful adjective meaning excellent, fantastic, great, etc.Come on, forget charts.Here, “come on” means “be reasonable,” but dependingon the context, it can mean everything from hurry up to stop.In this case, “financial charts” are sheets of paper with lots ofgraphs and other important information.managers! Churn them and burn them!A “mutual fund” is an investment which owns many separatecompany stocks, which helps individual investors diversify.“To churn” something is to move it around violently, so this isMarv’s way of saying he wants to buy and sell stocks quickly.but he’s a loser. He lost allin the recession of ’71.“Swell” is a somewhat dated adjective meaning nice or admirable, anda “fella” is a guy. “Equity” is the value of real estate or stock that aperson owns, and when a business firm goes “belly up,” it goesbankrupt and closes down. A “recession” is a bad economic down turn.I want you to buy 20,000 shares of Blue Star at 15 1/8th, 3/8th tops,and don’t Sport. Think you can that?“3/8th tops” is Gekko’s way of saying he won’t pay more than 15 and3/8th per share of Blue Star stock. “To screw up” something is to do itbadly. In this case, to be able to “handle” something is to be able to do it.in 1984 Crash [Headline].If a person or company is “exonerated” of a crime,they are found not guilty of having committed it..If a person is an “electronics freak,” they love electronicdevices such as computers, wireless phones, TVs, etc.Did you buy any for yourself?:: No Sir, that wouldn’t have been legal.If a company stock is “shooting up,” it is quickly rising in value.Note that Bud is still worried about using inside information.on you.“To blow the whistle” on a person is to go to the police or otherauthorities and report that they have been involved in a crime.Use a stop-loss so your is $100,000, and buy a suit.A “stop-loss” is a computer program that automatically sells a stockwhen it falls to a certain level. The “down side” risk of an investment is the amount that could be lost. A “decent” suit is socially acceptable.will ya? It’s obvious.A reference to the fact that Bud always appears like he is tryingto sell something, even when he is pretending that he is not.Nothing ruins my day more than losses. Now youdo good, and you get perks. Lots and lots of perks.“To ruin” something is to destroy it. In this case, “losses” refers tofinancial losses. “Perks” are additional benefits that employees getbeyond their usual salary, such as a company car or vacations.“To drive around” is to drive with no particular paceto go. “To work up an appetite” is to become hungry.This guy who should know tells me to buyHewlett Packard, but I’ve been burned on tips.If you get “burned on tips” you lose money byfollowing the advice or suggestion of another person., rising profits, strong balance sheets.The “yield” is the rate of return, or interest, on an investment.A “balance sheet” is a list of all the assets and debts that a company has.on that ugly bitch.If a stock goes down the toilet, it loses most of its value. This isGekko’s vulgar and silly way of referring to the Teldar stock.boy.A local school for adults, often called a community college.I bought my way in, and now all those IvyLeague schmucks are sucking my knee caps.“Ivy League” schools are the best universities on the East coast, andinclude such famous institutions as Harvard and Yale (Ivy is a greenplant that grows on the walls of many of these schools’ buildings).“Schmuck” is an excellent Jewish word for a jerk, idiot, ass, etc..The “board” of a corporation or other institution is the group thatmeets every few months to set general policies. The Bronx is one of the five boroughs (sections) of New York city. A “mil” is a million dollars.WASPs,The thing you got to remember aboutthey love animals and they people.WASPs are White Anglo-Saxon Protestants, or generally speaking,white Americans of Western European origin. If you “can’t stand”something, you hate or detest it. Very common and useful.I know of is information.A commodity is a product of trade or commerce, especiallybasic materials like wood or rubber, or crops such as wheat.The public is out there throwing darts at a board, Sport.“Darts” are small sharp pointed objects that are thrown at boards as agame. This is Gekko’s way of saying people don’t know how to invest.The S&P 500 refers to the 500 largest companies in the stock market.It is known that most mutual funds are not as good an investmentas investing money in a mutual fund that invests in all the S&P 500. These Harvard MBA types don’t add up to dog shit.An MBA is a Masters in Business Administration. This is Gekko’s way of saying even the most educated business people do not know how to invest well.out there, pal.This is the type of horribly violent warfare in which armies face eachother while shooting from trenches, which are long ditches dug in the ground. For Gekko, the buying and selling of companies is as bloody.. Just one more chance, Mr. Gekko.“To go the extra mile” for a person is to doeverything you absolutely can to help them.You want another chance? :: Fucking A!A rather strange and certainly vulgar expression which means Yes. Like all Brits, he thinks he was born with a better pot to piss in.A “Brit” is a British person, and “to piss” is to urinate or go to thebathroom. Gekko thinks British people are snobby or arrogant.an old secretary of mine to open her mouth.“To bribe” a person is to offer them money to do something that isillegal or immoral. “To steal a company right from under” a person isto seize or take it quickly. A “pharmaceutical” company makes drugs.Sport.A colloquial way of saying that it is time to get revengeon somebody who has done something bad to you.in Wildman’s operation.In this case, a “mole” is a spy, and Wildman’s “operation”is his business offices, where business deals are decided on.Wildman is in town. Something big is going down.A very slangy way of saying something important is going to happen. If the SEC found out, I could go to jail. That’s inside information, isn’t it?The SEC is the Securities and Exchange Commission, which regulatesthe sale of stocks. “Inside information” is a key legal term which refers to information that is not allowed to be passed on by companyexecutives or employees to others, since it could effect stock prices. Unless your father is on the board of directors of another company,you and I are going to have a very doing business together.The “Board of Directors” of a company sets general policies for thatcompany. If you have a “tough time” doing something, it is hard to do. I’m not talking about some $400,000 a yearflying first class.A “working stiff” is a slang term for a middle class guy who works hardto survive. For Gekko, $400,000 a year (in 1985!) was a small salary!. Rich enough to have yourown jet. $100,000,000 dollars. A player…or nothing.In this context, if a person is “liquid,” they have so much money theycan effect the future of entire companies. “A player” is that wealthy.to get into my office; Thequestion is if you have what it takes to stay there.If a person “has what it takes” to do something, they have theskill and determination to do it, even if it is extremely difficult.Bud begins to spy for Gekko, meets Darien at a party,and sees Gekko and Larry in a classic corporate raider’s battle.He had lunch at Les Circus with a group.If a person is “heavy set,” they are physically big. A “bean counter” is aslang term for an accountant, or a person who counts profits and losses. He later stopped off at Morgan, and from all the palm pressinggoing on, I’d say Larry got himself some nice fat financing.“Morgan Stanley” is a very big investment bank. “Palm pressing” isa silly way of referring to a handshake, and some nice “fat financing”is Bud’s way of referring to a large amount of investment money. Bright, but not bright enough, Sherlock.Let’s roll the dice and play a little monopoly.“Bright” is a common way of saying intelligent. “Sherlock” is areference to Sherlock Holms, the fictional but very smart privatedetective. “Monopoly” is a famous board game in which players landon individual squares in hopes of buying the real estate they represent. What box will land in Eerie, Pennsylvania?An industrial town in Western Pennsylvania where Anacott Steelis located, which is the company that Wildman wants to buy.Call the Wall Street Chronicle, extension1605, and you tellthe man “Blue Horseshoe loves Anacott Steal.” You got that?An “extension number” is the one that links you to the phone of aparticular person within a company, after you reach the company itself.“You got that?” is a common way of asking “Do you understand?”Start buying Anacott Steal across the boards.Use the off-shore accounts and keep it quiet.In this case, to buy something “across the boards” is to buy it usingmany different accounts. An “off-shore” account is one that is locatedoutside the US, often in small island-nations like the Cayman Islands.。
百科常识汇总外国文学常识一、古希腊文学:1、古希腊“荷马史诗”:《伊利昂纪》《奥德修纪》2、悲剧诗人:埃斯库罗斯:《被缚的普罗米修斯》索福克勒斯:《奥狄浦斯王》欧里庇得斯:《美狄亚》3、喜剧诗人阿里斯托芬:《阿卡奈人》4、伊索和《伊索语言》:狐狸与葡萄,农夫和蛇二、古印度文学:1、“吠陀”诗集:好几千首诗,既有神话传说,又有描写现实生活的作品。
2、史诗:《摩诃婆罗多》《罗摩衍那》三、古代日本文学:1、大和民族最古老的和歌总集:《万叶集》,有四万五千多首歌,多为抒情短歌。
日本的诗圣柿本人麻吕擅长写抒情长歌,作品也收集其中。
(相当于唐代)2、世界文明的物语文学的代表:《源氏物语》四、阿拉伯文学的珍宝:《一千零一夜》五、欧洲文艺复兴时期的文学:(一)意大利文学1、画坛三杰:达·芬奇——永恒微笑的《蒙娜丽莎》米开朗琪罗——雕像《大卫》人的尊严和力量拉斐尔——人间母亲“圣母”2、文坛三杰:但丁——长诗《神曲》彼特拉克——抒情诗集《歌集》薄伽丘——短篇小说集《十日谈》(二)法国文学拉伯雷——长篇小说《巨人传》(三)西班牙文学塞万提斯——长篇小说《堂吉诃德》西班牙戏剧之父维加——历史剧《羊泉村》(四)英国文学1、英国诗歌之父乔叟——诗体故事集《坎特伯雷故事集》2、“诗人的诗人”斯宾塞——长诗《仙后》(讲究格律和技巧)3、莎士比亚:喜剧——《威尼斯商人》《仲夏夜之梦》《皆大欢喜》等早期悲剧——《罗密欧与朱丽叶》四大悲剧——《哈姆雷特》《奥赛罗》《麦克白》《李尔王》传奇剧——《暴风雨》《辛白林》《冬天的故事》5、弥尔顿——《论国王和官吏的职权》,说“君权民授”;万行史诗《失乐园》、《复乐园》以及诗剧《力士参孙》六、法国古典主义文学(一)法国古典主义戏剧三大师1、莫里哀(让—巴蒂斯特·波克兰)——《伪君子》《吝啬鬼》《可笑的女才子》2、高乃依——《熙德》3、拉辛——《昂多马格》《菲德拉》注:古典主义的特点——维护王权,崇尚理性,模仿古人。
讲求“三一律”——一个剧本只能有一个情节;剧情只能发生在同一地点;时间不能超出一昼夜。
(二)寓言大师拉封丹——十二卷寓言,共二百四十多则。
七、十八世纪法国“光明世纪”与启蒙运动:1、孟德斯鸠——书信体小说《波斯人信札》2、伏尔泰——法国启蒙运动的领袖和导师,哲理小说《老实人》3、狄德罗——小说《修女》《拉摩的侄儿》4、卢梭——小说《新爱洛绮丝》《爱弥尔》;自传《忏悔录》(以上四位属于“百科全书派”,他们共同编写了《百科全书》)5、博马舍——剧本《塞雅勒的理发师》《费加罗的婚礼》(拿破仑说,法国大革命是从《费加罗的婚礼》公演那天开始的。
)八、十八世纪英国文学1、“现代新闻报道之父”笛福——《鲁滨逊漂流记》《摩尔·弗兰德斯》2、小说家斯威夫特——《格列佛游记》(即“小人国游记”)3、小说家菲尔丁——《汤姆·琼斯》《阿米丽亚》4、理查逊——第一部现代英国小说《帕美勒》注:英国现代小说三大奠基人:笛福、菲尔丁、理查逊。
九、十八世纪德国“狂飙突进”文学运动:1、歌德——书信体小说《少年维特之烦恼》;诗剧《浮士德》2、席勒——悲剧《强盗》《阴谋与爱情》(歌德、席勒属古典主义文学)3、海涅——政治讽刺长诗《德国,一个冬天的童话》;诗集《歌集》(海涅属十九世纪浪漫主义文学)十、英国浪漫主义诗人:1、湖畔诗人:华兹华丝、柯勒律治、骚塞2、拜伦——长诗《恰尔德·哈洛尔德游记》;诗体小说《唐璜》3、雪莱——“抒情诗之花”诗剧《解放了的普罗米修斯》;诗剧《钦契》;抒情诗《西风颂》4、济慈——《恩底弥翁》《伊萨贝拉》《夜莺颂》《哀感》《心灵》十一、英国小说1、司哥特——历史小说《威弗例》《清教徒》《艾凡赫》2、女作家奥斯丁——长篇小说《傲慢与偏见》《爱玛》(没有财产的小姐怎么出嫁,是奥斯丁小说讨论的一个主要问题)十二、法国小说1、崇拜拿破仑的司汤达——《红与黑》《红与白》(又名《吕西安·娄凡》)《巴马修道院》2、史达尔夫人——法国浪漫主义的宣言《论文学》3、浪漫主义大师雨果——打破“三一律”的戏剧《欧那尼》;长篇小说《巴黎圣母院》;长篇巨著《悲惨世界》;小说杰作《九三年》;长篇小说《海上劳工》《笑面人》4、现实主义巨匠巴尔扎克的《人间喜剧》——《高老头》《欧也妮·葛朗台》《夏辈上校》《幻灭》《邦斯舅舅》《农民》《驴皮记》《贝姨》《搅水女人》……5、大仲马(与雨果同一年出生)——剧本《拿破仑·波拿巴》;小说《三个火枪手》(《三剑客》或《侠隐记》);长篇巨著《基督山伯爵》6、小仲马(大仲马的儿子)——《茶花女》7、梅里美——中篇小说《嘉尔曼》(也译《卡门》),我们熟悉的《斗牛士之歌》就出自由《嘉尔曼》改编成的歌剧中;《高龙巴》《青铜女神》8、文坛才女乔治·桑——长篇名著《安吉堡的磨工》9、缪塞——长篇小说《世纪儿忏悔录》10、“现代小说的始祖”福娄拜——《包法利夫人》《情感教育》11、左拉的文学实验——《卢贡—马卡尔家族》系列小说:《小酒店》《娜娜》《巧取豪夺》12、科学幻想小说的大师儒勒·凡尔纳——科幻三步曲《格兰特船长的儿女》《海底两万里》《神秘岛》;小说《从地球到月球》《环游月球》《八十天环游地球》《地心游记》《机器岛》《蓓根的五亿法郎》……(共66部)13、莫泊桑——《羊脂球》《蛮子大妈》《项链》《我的叔叔于勒》《一生》《漂亮朋友》《我们的心》《温泉》……共三百多篇14、都德(与莫泊桑同时代)——《最后一课》《柏林之围》15、1921年诺贝尔文学奖获得者法郎士——长篇小说《希尔维斯特·波纳尔的罪行》,中篇小说《克兰克比尔事件》,包含四部长篇的《当代史话》。
“它的特色是高贵的风格、深厚的人类同情、优雅和真正高卢人的气质”。
16、法国第一位诺贝尔文学奖获得者,比法郎士小二十岁的罗曼·罗兰——音乐小说巨著《约翰·克利斯朵夫》(主人公克利斯朵夫以贝多芬为原型),1915年,作家因之获诺贝尔文学奖金。
小说巨著《母与子》。
罗曼·罗兰说:“我称为英雄的,并非是靠思想和强力称雄的人,而是指靠心灵而伟大的人!”17、拒绝接受1964年诺贝尔文学奖的萨特——长篇小说《恶心》《自由之路》,剧本《苍蝇》《间隔》《可尊敬的妓女》,哲学著作《存在与虚无》《辨证理性批判》。
他拒绝接受1964年诺贝尔文学奖的理由是:他一向谢绝来自官方的荣誉。
十三、维多利亚女王时代(19世纪30年代开始)的英国:1、狄更斯——长篇小说《大卫·科波菲尔》,为幽默连环画配写的故事《匹克威克外传》,讽刺小说《董贝父子》,长篇小说《艰难时世》,历史小说《双城记》,小说《远大前程》(即《孤星血泪》)2、萨克雷——长篇小说《名利场》,历史小说《亨利·艾斯蒙德》,自传体小说《潘登尼斯》3、女作家夏洛蒂·勃朗特——长篇小说《简·爱》(作家与萨克雷同时代,她十分崇拜他,《简·爱》第二版题辞就是“献给萨克雷”)4、夏洛蒂·勃朗特的妹妹艾米丽·勃朗特——长篇小说《呼啸山庄》5、夏洛蒂·勃朗特和艾米丽·勃朗特的妹妹安妮·勃朗特——小说《野岗庄园房客》,记述了三姐妹的家事。
6、女作家盖斯凯尔夫人——《夏洛蒂·勃朗特传》《南与北》《露丝》7、哈代——长篇小说《还乡》《德伯家的苔丝》《卡斯特桥市长》《无名的裘德》8、 1932年诺贝尔文学奖获得者现实主义小说家高尔斯华绥——《天涯海角》,《福尔赛世家》三部曲(《有产者》《骑虎》《出租》),《现代喜剧》三部曲(《白猿》《银匙》《天鹅之歌》)9、女作家伏尼契——《牛虻》10、主张“为艺术而艺术”的唯美主义者王尔德——童话代表作《快乐王子》,小说《格雷的画像》11、1925年诺贝尔文学奖获得者萧伯纳——戏剧集《不愉快的戏剧集》《愉快的戏剧集》,戏剧杰作《巴巴拉少校》,著名剧本《英国佬的另一个岛》《伤心之家》《苹果车》12、毛姆——剧本《腓特烈夫人》,长篇小说《人生的枷锁》《月亮和六便士》13、史蒂文生——传奇小说《宝岛》,《绑架》《卡特琳娜》,短篇故事集《新天方夜谭》,《化身博士》14、科幻小说家威尔斯——《时间机器》《星际大战》《空中战争》《未来事物的面貌》《莫洛博士岛》《隐身人》《月球上的第一批人》15、侦探小说家柯南道尔——《血字的研究》《四签名》《波希米亚丑闻》《五彩带》《红发会》《巴丝克维尔猎犬》……(福尔摩斯)16、意识流小说家乔伊斯——现代派作品的经典《尤利西斯》(模仿《奥德修记》)17、现代派大诗人艾略特(注:十九世纪英国文学里,有两个艾略特,艾略特·G是位女作家,著有《弗洛斯河上的磨房》《织工马南》《米德尔马奇》等小说)艾略特·T·S是个男作家——著名长篇《荒原》,被推为现代派诗歌划时代的里程碑。
1948年,诗作《四个四重奏》使诗人获诺贝尔文学奖。
(现代派文学的鼻祖:乔伊斯,艾略特,法国的普鲁斯特,奥地利卡夫卡)十四、俄罗斯文学1、俄罗斯文学之父大诗人普希金(1799--1837)——童话《渔夫和金鱼的故事》,政治讽刺诗《自由颂》《乡村》《童话》《致恰达耶夫》,长篇诗体小说《叶甫盖尼·奥涅金》,长诗《茨冈》,历史剧《鲍里斯·戈都诺夫》,短篇小说《驿站长》《村姑》《暴风雪》《射击》,长篇小说《上尉的女儿》(莫斯科第一美女冈察罗娃,尼古拉一世,法国贵族流氓丹斯特)2、寓言作家克雷洛夫,创作了二百多篇寓言,比如《农民与大河》《杂色羊》3、果戈里——小说集《狄康卡近乡夜话》《密尔格拉得》《彼得堡故事》(包括《狂人日记》《涅瓦大街》等),最著名的短篇小说《外套》,讽刺喜剧《钦差大臣》,长篇小说《死魂灵》4、诗人莱蒙托夫——成名作《诗人之死》,抒情诗《咏怀》《诗人》《一月一日》,长诗《童僧》《恶魔》,长篇小说《当代英雄》5、屠格涅夫——长诗《巴拉莎》,著名的小说集《猎人笔记》,长篇小说《罗亭》《贵族之家》《前夜》《父与子》《烟》《CN地》6、刚察洛夫——《奥勃洛摩夫》《平凡的故事》《悬崖》《战舰巴拉达号》(太平天国革命)7、赫尔岑——长篇小说《谁之罪》,回忆录《往事与随想》8、陀思陀耶夫斯基——长篇小说《穷人》《二重性格》,最著名的长篇小说《罪与罚》,记实文学《死屋手记》,小人物惨史《被侮辱与被损害的》,著名的长篇小说《白痴》,促成作者姻缘的小说《赌徒》,长篇小说《魔鬼》《少年》《卡拉马卓夫兄弟》9、剧作家亚·奥斯特洛夫斯基——《大雷雨》10、大文豪列夫·托尔斯泰——早期小说《哥萨克》,“空前最伟大的小说”《战争与和平》,著名长篇小说《安娜·卡列尼娜》,晚年作品《复活》(契诃夫说:“托尔斯泰不是人,他是天神朱庇特”)11、“散文中的普希金”(托尔斯泰语)契诃夫——《小公务员之死》《变色龙》《万卡》《苦恼》《草原》《第六病室》,讽刺小说《套中人》,剧本《万尼亚舅舅》《樱桃园》12、绥拉菲莫维奇——长篇小说《铁流》13、无产阶级文学之父高尔基——自传体三部曲《童年》《在人间》《我的大学》,长篇小说《母亲》《阿尔达莫诺夫家的事业》,戏剧《底层》14、小托尔斯泰(阿·托尔斯泰)——长篇小说《苦难的历程》三部曲:《两姊妹》《一九一八年》《阴暗的早晨》,历史小说《彼得大帝》15、诗人马雅可夫斯基——《向左进行曲》,长诗《列宁》《好!》,创造了新的诗体形式“阶梯式”16、最有名望的苏联作家肖洛霍夫——《静静的顿河》《被开垦的CN地》《一个人的遭遇》17、法捷耶夫——《毁灭》《青年近卫军》18、尼·奥斯特洛夫斯基——《钢铁是怎样炼成的》《暴风雨所诞生的》十五、欧洲其他国家的文学:1、波兰诗人密茨凯维奇——长篇叙事诗《塔杜施先生》,长诗《格拉席娜》2、 1905年诺贝尔文学奖获得者波兰文学家显克维奇——长篇小说《你往何处去》,三部曲《火与剑》《洪流》《伏沃迪约夫斯基先生》,历史小说《十字军骑士》3、匈牙利诗人裴多菲——长篇叙事诗《农村的大锤》《勇敢的约翰》《使徒》,《自由,爱情》4、保加利亚爱国文学家伐佐夫——长诗《轭下》5、捷克作家哈谢克——小说名著《好兵帅克》6、捷克作家伏契克——长篇报告文学《绞刑架下的报告》(被翻译成86种文字)7、奥地利小说家茨威格——小说代表作《一个女人一生中的二十四小时》,小说《象棋的故事》8、奥地利小说家卡夫卡——代表作《变形记》,长篇小说《审判》《城堡》《美国》,短篇小说《判决》《乡村医生》《致科学院的报告》9、德国作家霍夫曼——小说《金罐》,小说集《谢拉皮翁兄弟》10、德国戏剧大师布莱希特——《高加索灰阑记》《老子出关著道德经的传说》(他熟悉中国文化)11、德国的格林童话(哥哥叫雅科布·格林,弟弟叫威廉·格林)——共216个故事,《灰姑娘》《白雪公主》《小红帽》(狼外婆)《蓝灯》……12、世界童话大王丹麦作家安徒生——《打火匣》《豌豆上的公主》《皇帝的新衣》《人鱼公主》《坚定的锡兵》《拇指姑娘》《夜莺》《丑小鸭》《小克劳斯和大克劳斯》《卖火柴的小女孩》13、现代戏剧之父戏剧大师挪威作家易卜生——《勇士坟》《社会支柱》《玩偶之家》《群鬼》《人民公敌》,开创了“社会问题剧”的新样式。