大学英语4_7

新编⼤学英语4单元7翻译和课后习题答案Unit 7 College LifeUseful InformationWhen students leave for college at age 17 or 18, many of them have never been away from home and their family. The transition to greater freedom and responsibility may be difficult for them, with no one to wake them up for breakfast or do their laundry, and fewer classes to attend but larger amounts of homework. Some students do not adjust successfully. In the U.S., where almost 70% of high school graduates enter college, only a minority of these actually graduate. Elsewhere, with fewer attending college, higher percentages may graduate.College has many social attractions, some of which can be distractions. Sports, concerts, parties, and dormitory bull sessions (闲聊) can be very time consuming. The temptation to stay up too late at night or sleep too late in the morning is always present, so self-discipline is an important lesson to learn. In addition many students have part-time jobs, especially in the U.S. where most students have cars and are expected to help their parents pay for tuition or college housing.Students and their parents may disagree on how much time should be devoted to studying. But they usually agree that in addition to some learning and possibly some fun, one of the outcomes of a college education should be a good job. Students who have already worked at part-time jobs have an advantage in the job market, but this is not the only way to improve one’s chances. Many colleges have internships or co-op programs to give students practical experience in their future careers. Others have special classes where students can practice their application forms and letters, résumés, personal statements, and employment interviews. Most colleges have career counselors and either career days or career fairs where students can meet potential employers and learn about career alternatives. Recently many jobs have been listed on the Internet, making it easier to match students with suitable opportunities and more important for students to acquire computer skills.College can be an exciting and rewarding experience, but it can also be very stressful. Making their own decisions can be very difficult for young people accustomed to parental supervision. When students make bad decisions, such as drinking too much beer or procrastinating in their studies, they are not always mature enough to admit or correct their mistakes. But having the freedom to make these mistakes, and the obligation to face their consequences, is part of the learning process. When older people look back on their student years, they usually view this as a happy period of life, even if it did not always feel that way at the time.Parents, teachers, advisors, and counselors can help students move successfully from high school to college and from college to careers. But in the last analysis students must do most of this for themselves, with more help than we may realize from their friends and classmates. College students learn as much outside as inside the classroom, and most of this is not learned from adult authority figures. The peer group and the youthful popular culture are increasingly strong influences on today’s students. So parents and other potential role models should try to be aware of this, even if they don’t always appreciate the latest trends in casual clothing or pop music. College is a time of change, and the parents can learn almost as much from this as the students can. They too were once students, just as today’s students will one day be parents.Part OnePREPARATION1. Talking about Your High-School ClassmatesSample:I graduated from __________ High School, a key high school in __________ Province. Among the 50 students in my class,48 are enrolled in universities, mostly national key universities. Three went to Peking University and two to Tsinghua University. The three who went to Peking University are majoring in Law, Philosophy and Physics respectively and the two who went to Tsinghua University are majoring in Computer Science and Information Science. In this university alone there are five of us, doing different majors; three of my former classmates are enrolled in normal universities, one in Beijing Normal University, one in South China Normal University and one in East China Normal University.2. Talking about Y our College Life—Expectations vs RealitySample :1) Campus:Expectations—large and beautiful campus with green grass everywhere and a large sports ground, where you can always see students busy and full of vitality.Reality—Just as what I dreamed of – a huge campus with magnificent modern buildings, green trees, blooming flowers and a river flowing around.—Contrary to what I expected, it’s an old campus, large though, with grey buildingslike huge match-boxes, little grass, and a few big trees.2) Classroom buildings:Expectations—large new classrooms with modern facilities.Reality—well equipped teaching buildings with multi-media facilities.—large old buildings, with a few classrooms well equipped with modern facilities.3) Dormitories:Expectations—crowded with little space for everyone.Reality—true, but we may choose to live in a double room if we can afford the rent.4) Students’ cafeterias:Expectations—spacious dining halls, full of hungry students.Reality—true, and there is a great variety of food that will definitely appease our appetite.5) Library:Expectations—a large collection of books, journals and periodicals; spacious and well-lit reading rooms.Reality—true except that the reading rooms are not large enough and students have to get there early in order to find a seat.6) Classmates:Expectations—friendly and speaking different dialects.Reality—true.7) Teachers:Expectations—old, gray-haired and wearing thick glasses; strict and formally dressed.Reality—not true because many teachers are very young, especially English teachers, many teachers do not wear glasses and many teachers wear casual clothes.3. Happy College DaysSample 1:The most impressive experience for me is running for the chair of the Student Union. I used to be very timid. That experience, however, helped me gain much confidence. For the first time, I made a public speech and realized, all at once, that I had the potential to organize. One thing that shouldn’t be left out is that my friends and classmates gave me enormous support. I did appreciate what they had done for me.Sample 2:I believe that the New Year’s Eve of 2004 can never be erased from my mind. Thousands of students gathered in the auditorium waiting for the new year. We held the lighted candles in our hands, our hearts beating with the rhythm of the music. Minutes went by. When the big clock finally turned straight upward, screams and laughter resonated in the hall. We hugged and said New Year’s greetings to each other. It was such a thrilling moment.4. Ten “Cs” Essential for College Students1) Creativity; 2) Commitment; 3) Connection; 4) Confidence; 5) Courage;6) Cooperation; 7) Curiosity; 8) Competence; 9) Consideration; 10) CommunicationPart TwoREADING-CENTERED ACTIVITIESIn-Class ReadingPre-Reading1) I 2) F 3) J 4) B 5) G 6) C 7) A 8) E 9) D 10) HPassage ReadingWords, Phrases and Grammatical Points1. You have spent four years supposing that failure leaves no record. (l. 2-3, Passage I)这个句⼦中leave 表⽰to allow or cause something to stay。

Unit7In the days following the 9/11 terrorist attacks, Daily News staff writer Corky Siemaszko wrote several snapshots of the city's mood at the time. Siemaszko offered similar snapshots on the first few anniversaries of the attacks.Here we present a selection from the series. 9/11恐怖袭击后的数日内，《每日新闻》的专职撰稿人科基•西马兹科撰写了数篇反映纽约市当时氛围的快讯。

在9/11的头几个周年纪念日，西马兹科又写了一些类似的快讯。

下面是从其中选出的几篇Snapshots of New York's Mood after 9/11Corky Siemaszko9/11后纽约氛围写照科基•西马兹科1.DAY OF TERROROriginally published: 9/12/2001The morning coffee was still cooling when our grandest illusion was shattered.Within minutes, one of New York's mightiest symbols was a smoldering mess and the nation's image of invincibility was made a lie.恐怖的一日最初发表于2001年9月12日早晨的咖啡还没有凉，我们最宏伟的幻想却已被粉碎。

在数分钟时间内，纽约最显赫的象征之一成了一堆余烟未尽的废墟，而这个国家不可战胜的形象也成了一个谎言。

2. As the World Trade Center crumpled and the streets filled with screams and scenes of unimaginable horror, choking smoke blotted out the sun and plunged lower Manhattan into darkness.当世界贸易中心倒塌、街道上到处都有人哭叫、充满难以想象的恐怖场景时，令人窒息的烟雾遮住了太阳，使曼哈顿下城区陷入了一片黑暗。

U校园新视野大学英语4读写教程答案Unit 7 Energy and food crisesSection A7-2 Text A: The coming energy crisisPre-reading activitiesPre-reading activities-1参考：A. Less than 6 pointsYou may have heard about energy conservation, but you are not giving it the priority it deserves. You must do better.B. Between 6-10 pointsYou are already doing a few basic things, but there is so much more that you could do to show a better awareness for energy conservation.C. Between 11-16 points You display a good awareness of energy saving, but there's still room for improvement.D. Between 17- 20 points You can rightly call yourself an "Energy Saving Champion" - well done and keep up the good work!Pre-reading activities-21) Yes, it's definitely important to conserve energy. There are several reasons. First, it reduces our consumption of fossil fuels which have a fixed quantity of availability and are rapidly diminishing. Second, it saves us money because we don't have to build more power plants. Third, it reduces carbon emission, which will contribute greatly to the improvement of our air quality and natural environment.2) There are many other things we can do to save energy, such as: Not to overheat or overcool our rooms. Reduce the amount of waste we produce by buying minimally packaged goods. Choose reusable products over disposable ones, and recycle. Plan carefully and cluster our errands and shopping to minimize the miles we drive. Use less hot water by installing low-flow shower heads. Install a solarwater heater for our home. Drive a pure electric car (with a back-up generator for out-of-range driving). Walk or ride a bicycle whenever we can. Reading comprehensionReading comprehension-11) The world has depended mainly on non-renewable fossil fuels like coal, oil and natural gas for its industrial development in the past.2) Fossil fuels have two major problems: Their supply is limited, and they cause health and environmental problems.3) 1) Nuclear power is not really cheap when all costs are considered;2) Disastrous nuclear accidents could happen;3) Nuclear waste can be used improperly to cause damage.4) It means that the time when there is sufficient supply of cheap energy from fossil fuels will soon be over. Here "honeymoon" is used metaphorically.5) The point the author wants to illustrate is: Although renewable energy sources are promising, there are still various problems with these "new energy" technologies. The greatest problem is to find ways to use these technologies more efficiently and at lower costs.6) Biomass energy is a renewable energy option, but the production of it can cause air pollution and ozone layer depletion. The process of producing it is also complicated and costly.7) According to the author, the best solution to the world's energy problem must come from various energy technologies that are non-damaging to the environment, rather than from any single technology.8) The purpose of the text is to convince us that our world will soon be faced with a serious energy crisis,and to urge us to work quickly and cooperatively to find the best solutions.Reading comprehension-21) Yes. Because:Non-renewable fossil fuels are being used up. Nuclear energy is not safe.Renewable energy alternatives are still too expensive, and can't be used on a large scale. Population is increasing fast.Developing countries demand more energy than before because of their economic development.No. Because:There is still abundant oil and natural gas in the ground. There are more known reserves now than there have ever been.Conservation will play a role.Energy efficient products and buildings are becoming more and more common.New energy technologies are being developed and perfected.2) A lot of problems may occur if there is an energy crisis, such as:disruption of energy supplies;rapidly increasing energy prices;declining economic growth;increasing inflation;rising unemployment.3) The key factors that cause the changes of oil prices usually include:changes in oil supply and demand;oil speculation activities;world conflicts;natural disasters;monopoly of the oil-producing nations.4) Yes, nuclear energy should be banned because: Radioactive waste is harmful to people's health. Disastrous nuclear accidents may happen.There is the danger of nuclear proliferation. Exploitation of non-renewable uranium will continue, which will result in the exhaustion of another natural resource.No, nuclear energy shouldn't be banned because: Nuclear energy causes no release of greenhouse gases. Nuclear energy has low operating costs.Nuclear energy can be an extremely reliable source of power if managed well.5) Yes, I agree that China is having a serious energy problem. With China's rapid economic growth and continuously expanding urban population, the demandfor energy is increasing tremendously. The present energy supply can hardly meet the demand from both industry and households, especially in summer months. More electricity has yet to be produced.No, I don't agree that China is facing a serious energy problem. China is a large country with rich natural resources. Though traditional fossil fuels are reported to be running out, there is no hard evidence showing they really are because new coal mines and oil fields could be discovered. Besides, China is serious about the development of renewable energy, and is currently leading the world in renewable energy investment. So, even if fossil fuels become less, China can depend more on solar and wind power for its energy needs in the future.7-3 Text A: Language focusWords in use1. fringe2. unify3. extinct4. indefinite5. slash6. intricate7. inaugurate8. ventilate9. collaboration10. diffusedWord building: Practice Word building: Practice-11) competence2) adolescent3) delegation4) condemnation5) restoration6) preservation7) specification8) reconciliation9) resignation10) speculation11) revelation12) situateWord building: Practice-21. delegation2. restoration3. situate4. specifications5. competence6. adolescent7. condemnation8. reconciliation9. preservation10. resignation11. speculation12. revelation,revelations Banked cloze1) particulates2) viable3) disagree4) cite5) rotary6) vary7) little8) minimize9) locating10) designedExpressions in use1. fill up2. is projected to3. have factored in4. pose a risk to5. clear up6. is derived from7. hinge on8. is upon7-4 Structure analysis & writingStructured writing: Practice参考：As the world's oil supply runs out, it becomes more urgent to develop sustainable energy sources. As one of the available new energy alternatives, nuclear power is good because it is cheap and clean.However, in my mind, it is not a best energy option due to the environment, safety, and health concerns it poses.First, nuclear power poses serious environmental concerns. Though nuclear power plants emit no carbon dioxide, radioactive wastes from them, such as spent fuel rods, can remain active for hundreds or even thousands of years. Safe disposal of these wastes is still not possible. Besides, much of the equipment in the nuclear power plants becomes contaminated with radiation, which can cause serious problems to the local environment. Nuclear power plants also use large quantities of water for steam production and cooling, thus affecting water quality and aquatic life.Second, nuclear power causes great safety concerns. Despite the claim that nuclear power industry has a "superb record" on safety, a few major nuclear disasters have left many people believing that nuclear power plants are not safe enough. Both technical failure and human error can occur, leadingto nuclear accidents. Even if there is no nuclear accident, some by-products of nuclear reactors could be improperly used to make nuclear weapons. Moreover, nuclear power plants could become prime targets for terrorist attacks, and a satisfactory plan to protect nuclear power plants from terrorism is not in place. Third, nuclear power raises a number of health concerns. The small amounts of radioactive material released during routine operations may have detectable medical effects on nearby populations. In the event of a nuclear disaster, health concerns become more obvious. Exposure to radioactive fallout would lead to an increased risk of genetic disorders, cancer and other diseases.As an energy alternative that has low costs and creates no greenhouse gas emissions, nuclear power can be developed and used, but only on a limited scale. It is certainly not a best solution to our energy problem due to the various concerns it causes. To meet our increasing demand for energy, scientists andresearchers have to work harder to find more viable solutions.7-5 TranslationTranslationTranslation-1参考：国际原子能机构是世界核领域的合作中心，它于1957年作为世界性的原子能为和平服务的组织而建立，成为联合国大家庭的一员。

Unit 4Key to ExercisesSection APassage AII. Reading Comprehension1. Based on what you have learned from the text, decide whether the following statements are true (T), false (F) in the text.1) F They often head for their favorite vacation spots when holidays come.2) F From past to present, American people have been the people on the move.3) T4) T5) T6) F Most trips are environmental-friendly and pay great attention to protecting the sensitivenatural balance.7) F Americans, like some other peoples, like traveling, but it’s hard to say which people likestraveling most.8) TIII. Vocabulary and Structure1. Select words from what are given and fill in the blanks with their proper forms.（1）move (2 )territory (3) average （4）have commuted （5）multitude（6 ）appealing （7）head （8 ）resorts （9）thrill （10）disturbing2. Choose the right word and complete the sentence with its proper form.1）（1）emigrated 他已经放弃了他的美国国籍并移民到中国。

1Read and complete 41. To conquer the language barrier ,they are working hard at English.→译文：为了攻克语言的难关，他们努力学习英语。

2. The teacher is deeply impressed by the student s’ ability to surf the Internet.→译文：老师对学生上网冲浪的能力感触颇深。

3. Nowadays many of the seniors are beginning to consider choosing a career.→译文：目前许多高年级学生开始考虑选择一个职业。

4. The Spring Festival was approaching. A lot of people were traveling back home to have a family reunion.→译文：春节快到了，许多人都回家团圆。

5. He looked out of the window, surveying the landscape of the countryside.→译文：他向窗外望去，审视着乡下的风景。

6. We are confident that we can overcome the difficulties.→译文：我们有信心能够克服困难。

7. Tom is the most brilliant graduate of this year at Harvard University.→译文：汤姆是今年最出色的哈佛毕业生。

8. He shifted impatiently in his seat during the long speech by the Dean.→译文：院长长时间的讲话使得他不耐烦地在座位上晃来晃去。

9. College has helped Bill to broaden his interests.→译文：学院帮助比尔扩展他的爱好。

大学体验英语四（综合教程）Unit 7Hopes and Fears for the FutureListen and TalkLead inListen to the poem again, and write down in column B the hopes the poet has for the people in column A.Key:1. no more killing and stealing 2. will be able to have money 3. finding more things to explore and finding a cure for AIDS and for cancer 4. being cared for by those with more money 5. will be able to help the black people and not hating themPassage A: Facing the Fears of Retirement2. Choose the best answer to each question based on the information you obtain from the passage.1. From the passage we can learn that ________.A) people hold three beliefs preventing them from retiringB) the older people get, the more reluctant they are to retireC) retirement is merely a matter of power transferD) all people have to pass the "final test of greatness” before retirement2. The expression "let go” means ________.A) to dismiss the successorB) to close the businessC) to explore another fieldD) to pass the business to the successor3. What makes some of the business owners willing to retire?A) Their family background.B) The scale of their business.C) Their attitude towards retirement.D) The ability of their successor.4. According to the passage, people with the sound attitude to retirement think that ________.A) old people are bound to restB) retirement means new opportunities and new lifeC) as business owners, they are indispensable to the businessD) their business was bought as part of management5. The author's purpose of writing this passage is ________.A) elaborate on the three prevalent beliefs held by those who cannot conclude succession planningB) illustrate the different attitudes toward retirement in different situationsC) offer some practical tips to those who are not able to cope with fear of retirementD) urge society and the individual to take retirement more seriouslyAnswer: 1.A, 2.D, 3.C, 4.B, 5.C3. Answer the following questions with the information from the passage.1. What did the 77-year old business founder do after retirement?He took back control of the firm from his son, who had succeeded him.2. What’s the most impor tant thing for family-business continuity?Entrepreneurial succession.3. Why can the business owners who purchased their firms as part of a management buyout face retirement easily?Because they recognize that CEO’s change but the business goes on.4. Wha t does the expression "the glass is half full, not half empty” mean?It is an optimistic attitude to life, implying that the glass is still full, although only half full. The pessimists would say is: "The glass is half empty.”5. What’s the "final test of greatness” according to Peter Drucker?Succession planning.plete the summary of the text. The first letter of the missing word has been given to you.This article addresses the 1) r of many business owners to engage in 2) s planning. It states that there are three main reasons why business owners do not want to retire from their business: firstly, a fear of an 3) u future, secondly, a fear of 4) f loss, and lastly, a fear of losing their personal 5) i . The author states that because of these fears, succession planning is often a painful experience for both the retiree and the new business owners, involving a great deal of unnecessary interpersonal 6) c and negative emotions.The author points out that this can be avoided, and it comes dwon to the attitude that business owners adopt. Retiring business owners should always 7) r that the business that they are leaving can continue to operate 8) s without them. Furthermore, they should view retirement, not just as the completion of their working life, but rather, as a world of new challenges in which new interests and 9) o can be pursued.Anwser: 1.reluctance 2.succession 3.uncertain 4.financial 5.identity6.conflicts7.recognize8.successfully9.opportunities4. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary.acclaim succession impose generate indispensablefragile graceful insecurity accomplish prevalent1. Adams took a ___ of jobs which have stood him in good stead.2. Is this eye-disease still ___ among the population here?3. Older drivers are more likely to be seriously injured because of their ___ bones.4. The accident in Russia ___ a lot of public interest in nuclear power issues.5. If we'd all work together, I think we could ___ our goal.6. He was still charming, cheerful, and ___ even under pressure.7. The bank has ___ very strict conditions on the repayment of the loan.8. His made-up confident manner is really just a way of hiding his feeling of ___ .9. With the rapid development of the Internet, a computer becomes a(n) ___ piece of equipment for any office.10. Since it was published in the 1970s, the book has received considerable critical ___ . Answer: 1. succession 2. prevalent 3. fragile 4. generated 5. accomplish6. graceful7. imposed8. insecurity9. indispensable 10. acclaim5. Complete the following sentences with phrases or expressions from the passage.1. The tension was naturally high for a game with so much ___ .2. She still ___ the belief that her son is alive.3. I finished my work at five, but I'll ___ until half past five to meet you.4. After 50 years of successful operation, he ___the business ____ to his youngest son.5. The scientist ___ the discovery ___ the most exciting new development in this field. Answer:1. at stake 2. clings to 3.hang on 4. turned ... over 5. referred to ... as7. Each of the verbs and nouns in the following lists occurs in this passage. Choose the noun that you think collocates with each verb and write it in the blank. If you think more than oneAnswer: 1.to open/engage in/start/ a quarrel2.to have/worship a different outlook3.to run/found/start/build/plan/have/engage in a business4.to purchase/run/found/start/build a firm5.to make a decision6.to treasure peace in life7.to provide acclaim8.to face retirement9.to engage in/start/make succession planning10.to worship founder6. T ranslate the following sentences into English.1.虽然他说他为此事做了很多努力，但他的成功至少部分是由于他运气好。

新视野大学英语第三版读写教程1、2、3、4、7、8单元课后汉译英Unit1如今，很多年轻人不再选择" 稳定" 的工作，他们更愿意自主创业，依靠自己的智慧和奋斗去实现自我价值。

Nowadays, many young people no longer choose "stable" jobs. Instead, they prefer to start their own businesses and realize their self-value through their own wisdom and efforts.青年创业（young entrepreneurship）是未来国家经济活力的来源Young entrepreneurship is the source of national economic vitality in the future.创业者的成功不但会创造财富、增加就业机会、改善大家的生活，从长远来看，对于国家更是一件好事The success of entrepreneurs not only creates fortune, increases job opportunities, improves people's life, but it is also good for the country in the long term.创业者正是让中国经济升级换代的力量Entrepreneurs are a driving force in upgrading China's economy.尤其是在当前，国家鼓励大众创业、万众创新，在政策上给予中小企业支持Especially for the time being, our country is encouraging people to start their own businesses and make innovations and giving policy support for medium and small businesses.这更加激发了年轻人的创业热情。

新世纪⼤学英语（第⼆版）综合教程第4册Unit7Electronic Teaching PortfolioBook FourUnit Seven: Reading and ReflectionPart I Get StartedSection A Discussion▇Sit in pairs or groups and discuss the following questions.1Why do you think we need to read?2What do you prefer to read — poems, novels or plays?3What role do you think literary works play in our lives?▆Answers for reference:1Hints:●Reading broadens our horizons.●Reading enriches our knowledge.●Reading puts us in contact with the best minds of human history.●Reading enriches our experience.●Reading empowers us with knowledge.●Reading improves our character and taste.●Reading is a good pastime.2Some hints:a)Different people read literature for different reasons and purposes because of their differentbackgrounds, tastes, experiences and educational background.b)Those who prefer reading novels may think novels are more interesting and easier to read probablybecause novels usually have plots. They can take readers to other places and times, real or imaginary, allowing them to meet people and experience life in many different ways. A good novel makes readers think, laugh, cry or wonder.3Reference:Literary works play an important role in our life. They can broaden our horizons. They help us experience a kind of life which we cannot have in real life. They help us see the things which we tend to ignore in our daily life. They can also help us escape from reality.Section B Quotes▇Study the following quotes about reading and reflection and discuss in pairs what you can learn from them.Francis Bacon⊙Some books are to be tasted; others to be swallowed; and some few to be chewed and digested.— Francis Bacon Interpretation:There are different ways of reading books. To taste a book, one can read it in a state of relaxation. To swallow a book one can glide his eyes across the lines of a book. To chew or digest a book one should read it actively. And when he has finished reading a book, the pages are filled with his notes. Only when good books are chewed and digested can they have a lasting influence on one’s life.About Francis Bacon (1561-1626): an English politician, philosopher, and writer. Francis Bacon graduated from Trinity College, Cambridge. He was the founder of English materialist philosophy, as well as of modern science in England. He is especially famous for his Essays, in which his practical wisdom is shown through his reflections and comments on rather abstract subjects.Benjamin Franklin◎Reading makes a full man, meditation a profound man, discourse a clear man.— Benjamin FranklinInterpretation:Reading broadens our horizons, molds our temperament and enlightens our minds. Reading provides us with the possibility of opening ourselves up to the world, which helps us to become learned and knowledgeable persons. Thinking deeply helpsus gain an insight into human life. Having scholarly conversations with others helps us become wiser.About Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790): a US politician, writer, and scientist. He was involved in writing two historically significant documents, the Declaration of Independence (《独⽴宣⾔》) and the Constitution of the United States (《美国宪法》). He is famous for proving that lightning is a form of electricity by doing a scientific test in which he flew a kite during a storm, and he invented the lightning conductor. He is also well known for his literary works such as Poor Richard’s Almanac (《穷理查德年鉴》1732-1757；亦译作《格⾔历书》、《穷理查历书》) and Autobiography (《⾃传》1790).Denis Parsons Burkitt◎It is better to read a little and ponder a lot than to read a lot and ponder a little.— Denis Parsons BurkittInterpretation:What really counts is not how many books we have read but whether we spend time thinking over what we have read. So we should read selectively and reflectively.About Denis Parsons Burkitt (1911–1993): an accomplished British surgeon. His major contribution to medical science was the description, distribution, and ultimately, the etiology (病因学；病源论) of apediatric (⼩⼉科的) cancer that bears his name Burkitt’s lymphoma (伯基特⽒淋巴瘤).Louisa May Alcott◎Good books, like good friends, are few and chosen; the more select, the more enjoyable.— Louisa May AlcottInterpretation:Books and friends should be few but good. We should be highly selective in reading books, and our greatest pleasure in reading comes from the best books.About Louisa May Alcott (1832–1888): an American novelist best known as author of the novel Little Women (《⼩妇⼈》）. Section C Watching and Discussion▇Watch the following video clip “Reading Really Matters” and do the tasks that follow.Introduction of the video:Dana Gioia, Chairman of the National Endowment for the Arts, is talking about arts education.First he mentions a problem in the United States: People are reading less and employers are facing a serious problem that their new employees can’t read and can’t write.According to Dana Gioia, those people who read do exercise more and do more volunteering charity work.Then he comes to talk about how reading actually matters to a person.1 Now fill in the note form according to what you hear.Topic: Reading Awakens Something inside the Reader1) reading increases your sense of your own personal destiny.2) reading makes the lives of other people more real to you.In summary, reading makes you understand that other people have an inner life as complicated as your own.Reading builds a society with not only imaginative capability, intellectual capability, but compassion, and humanity.2Discuss the following questions.Do you agree that Chinese people are reading less?Do you think modern technology has influenced the way people read?Open.▇Script：Americans are reading less. Because they read less, they read less well. Because they read less well, they do less well in the educational system. We are in the process in the United States of producing the first generation in our history that’s less well-educated than their parents. Now, I mean, to me, this is, you know a…an abandonment of the whole American misroutes of self improvement. Because they do less well in school, they do less well in the job market and economically. The number one problems for new employers in the United States: new employees can’t read, new employees can’t write. And in fact, for those people who can’t even read above the basic level, 55% of those people end up unemployed.And even on a further level, they overwhelmingly are like, you know, are more likely to end up in the criminal justice system. Only 3% of the people in U.S. prisons read at a proficiency level. Because they read less well, you know, because in a sense they don’t develop these things, they are a lso less likely to be engaged in personal positive behavior however you wanna measure it.We can measure it many different ways. You would not think it, but it is overwhelmingly demonstrable: that people that read exercise more; people that read join, play sports more. They belong to civic organizations more. They do volunteering charity work nearly 4 times the level of non-readers.Well, when I saw these data, I said, well, wait. We have to be measuring something else. W e’re measuring income, and we’re measuring education. If you take the poorest people in the United States who read, they do volunteering charity work at twice the level of people who don’t read. So what does it say to us? It says something we know, each of us knows this: when you read, when you’re engaged in the arts, it awakens something inside of you. That does two things: the first is that it increases your sense of your own personal destiny. But, secondly, it makes the lives of other people more real to you. It creates a heightened sense of yourself as an individual, but it also brings you, maybe, especially when you’re reading novels or imagin ing the literature in which you follow the stories, the lives of the people in the dailiness of their existence, socially, economically. Maybe understanding, a man understanding how a woman thinks, and a man understanding how a man thinks, a person understanding how somebody from a different country, from a different race thinks and feels. This imaginative exercises, this meditative exercise, makes you understand that other people have an inner life as complicated as your own. And so, if you have a society, in which tens of millions of people guided by pleasure no less, undertake these types of contemplations and meditations, you have a society which builds… not only it’s imaginative capability, it’s intellectual capability, b ut it’s compassion, and it’s humanity.Part II Listen and RespondSection B Task One: Focusing on the Main Ideas▇Choose the best answer to each of the following questions according to the information contained in the listening passage. 1What does the speaker mean by efficient reading or reading efficiently?A)Reading a book for pleasure.B)Writing between lines while reading.C)Remembering the author’s thoughts.D)Scanning a book for facts.2What is the advantage of marking up a book according to the speaker?A)Marking up a book helps readers take in the brilliant ideas in the book.B)Marking up a book enables readers to know what they read.C)Marking up a book makes readers feel like the owner of the book.D)Marking up a book makes readers conscious of the fact that they are reading actively.3What is the true sense of owning a book?A)Marking it through active reading.B)Purchasing it with one’s own money.C)Writing one’s name on it.D)Understanding every word in it.4How do people read books for pleasure?A)They read them consciously.B)They read them in a state of relaxation.C)They read them passively.D)They read them actively.5How do people know they have read actively when they finish reading a book?A)They establish a relationship with the author.B)They gain possession of the book.C)The pages are full of their notes.D)Their spoken language has been improved.▇Key:1) B 2) D 3) A 4) B 5) CSection C Task Two: Zooming In on the Details▇Listen to the recording again and fill in each of the blanks according to what you have heard.Why is mar king up a book indispensable to reading it? First, it keeps you 1) ________. And I don’t mean merely 2)________; I mean wide awake. In the second place, reading, if it is 3) ________, is thinking, and thinking tends to 4)________ itself in words, spoken or written. The marked book is usually the thought-through book. Finally, writing helps you remember the 5) ________ you had, or the thoughts the author expressed.If reading is to 6) ________ anything more than passing time, it must be active. You can’t let your eyes glide across the lines of a book and come up with an 7) ________ of what you have read. The books you read for pleasure can be read in a state of 8) ________ and nothing is lost. But a great book, rich in ideas and beauty, a book that 9) ________ and tries to answer fundamental questions, 10) ________ the most active reading. When you’ve finished rea ding a book, and the pages are filled with your notes, you know that you read actively.▇Answers:1)awake 2) conscious 3) active 4) express 5) thoughts6) accomplish 7) understanding 8) relaxation 9) raises 10) demands▇Script:Reading EfficientlyYou know you have to read ―between the line s‖ to get the most out of anything. I want to persuade you to do something equally important in the course of your reading, that is: ―write between the lines‖. Unless you do, you are not likely to do the most efficient kind of reading. I contend that marking up a book is an act of love.There are two ways in which one can own a book. The first is the property right you establish by paying for it, just as you pay for clothes and furniture. But this act of purchase is only the prelude to possession. Full ownership comes only when you have made it a part of yourself, and the best way to make yourself a part of it is by writing in it.Why is mar king up a book indispensable to reading? First, it keeps you awake. And I don’t mean merely conscious; I meanwide awake. In the second place, reading, if it is active, is thinking, and thinking tends to express itself in words, spoken or written. The marked book is usually the thought-through book. Finally, writing helps you remember the thoughts you had, or the thoughts the author expressed.If reading i s to accomplish anything more than passing time, it must be active. You can’t let your eyes glide across the lines of a book and come up with an understanding of what you have read. The books you read for pleasure can be read in a state of relaxation and nothing is lost. But a great book, rich in ideas and beauty, a book that raises and tries to answer fundamental questions, demands the most active reading. When you’ve finished reading a book, and the pages are filled with your notes, you know that you read actively.Part III Read and ExploreText ASection A Discovering the Main IdeasExercise 1 Answer the following questions with the information contained in Text A.1What is the difference between the lives of those who read and those who do not?2Can reading newspapers be categorized as reading? Why or why not?3What is the art of reading according to the author?4What does the author think of ―the taste for reading‖?5Can people benefit from reading the same books at different ages? Why or why not?▇Answers for reference:1According to the author, those who do not read are just like prisoners confined to their immediate world in respect to time and space. Their life falls into a set of routines and they see only what happens in their immediate neighbourhood with few friends and acquaintances to communicate with. In contrast, those who read have the privilege to escape temporarily from the present world and enter a different country ora different age as soon as they pick up a book. Good books put them in touch with the best minds inhistory and they are always carried away into a world of thought and reflection. Books broaden their horizons and their life is never a set of dull routines.2According to the author, reading newspapers does not belong to the category of reading because the average reader of a newspaper is mainly concerned with getting reports about events and happenings without contemplative value. The best reading does not merely offer a report of events, but is able to lead readers into a contemplative mood.3According to the author, only reading with the object of enriching one’s charm and flavor can be called an art. The charm here is not related to one’s physical appearance, but one’s inner aura of elegance which canonly be acquired through reading. And flavor here refers to the flavor in speech, and its cultivation entirely depends on one’s way of reading.4The author thinks that taste is the key to all reading and is individual and selective. Each person has his own taste in the kinds of books he enjoys reading. Forcing one to read books that he dislikes will achieve no positive results.5Yes. People can benefit from reading the same book at different ages and get different flavors out of it.According to the author, people at different ages should read different kinds of books and good books can be read more than once at different ages.Exercise 2 Text A can be divided into four parts with the paragraph number(s) of each part provided as follows. Write down the main idea of each part.Section B In-depth StudyIn the following text, Lin Yutang, the Chinese writer, translator, linguist and inventor, shares with us his insight into reading as an art. He not only addresses such questions as why to read, what to read, and when to read, but also convinces us of the beauty and benefits of reading as an art.The Art of ReadingLin Yutang1 Reading or the enjoyment of books has always been regarded among the charms of a cultured life and is respected and envied by those who rarely give themselves that privilege. This is easy to understand when we compare the difference between the life of a man who does no reading and that of a man who does.2 The man who has not the habit of reading is imprisoned in his immediate world, in respect to time and space. His life falls into a set routine; he is limited to contact and conversation with a few friends and acquaintances, and he sees only what happens in his immediate neighborhood. From this prison there is no escape. But the moment he takes up a book, he immediately enters a different world, and if it is a good book, he is immediately put in touch with one of the best talkers of the world. This talker leads him on and carries him into a different country or a different age, or unburdens to him some of his personal regrets, or discusses with him some special line or aspect of life that the reader knows nothing about. An ancient author puts him in communion with a dead spirit of long ago, and as he reads along, he begins to imagine what that ancient author looked like and what type of person he was. Both Mencius and Ssema Ch’ien have expressed the same idea. Now to be able to live two hours out of twelv e in a different world and take one’s thoughts off the claims of the immediate present is, of course, a privilege to be envied by people shut up in their bodily prison.3 Such a change of environment is really similar to travel in its psychological effect. But there is more to it than this. The reader is always carried away into a world of thought and reflection. Even if it is a book about physical events, there is a difference between seeing such events in person or living through them, and reading about them in books, for then the events always assume the quality of a spectacle and the reader becomes a detached spectator. The best reading is therefore that which leads us into this contemplative mood, and not that which is merely occupied with the report of events. The tremendous amount of time spent on newspapers I regard as not reading at all, for the average readers of papers are mainly concerned with getting reports about events and happenings without contemplative value.4 The best formula for the object of reading, in my opinion, was stated by Huang Shanku, a Sung poet. He said, ―A scholar who hasn’t read anything for three days feels that his talk has no flavor, and his own face becomes hateful to look at.‖ What he means, of course, is that reading g ives a man a certain charm and flavor, which is the entire object of reading, and onlyreading with this object can be called an art. One doesn’t read to ―improve one’s mind,‖ because when one begins to think of improving his mind, all the pleasure of read ing is gone. He is the type of person who says to himself: ―I must read Shakespeare, and I must read Sophocles, and I must read the entire Five Foot Shelf of Dr. Eliot, so I can become an educated man.‖ I’m sure that man will never become educated. He will force himself one evening to read Shakespeare’s Hamlet and come away, as if from a bad dream, with no greater benefit than that he is able to say that he has ―read‖Hamlet. Anyone who reads a book with a sense of obligation does not understand the art of reading.5 Reading for the cultivation of personal charm of appearance and flavor in speech is then, according to Huang, the only admissible kind of reading. This charm of appearance must evidently be interpreted as something other than physical beauty. W hat Huang means by ―hateful to look at‖ is not physical ugliness. As for flavor of speech, it all depends on one’s way of reading. Whether one has ―flavor‖ or not in his talk, depends on his method of reading. If a reader gets the flavor of books, he will show that flavor in his conversations, and if he has flavor in his conversations, he cannot help also having a flavor in his writing.6 Hence I consider flavor or taste as the key to all reading. It necessarily follows that taste is selective and individual, like the taste for food. The most hygienic way of eating is, after all, eating what one likes, for then one is sure of his digestion. In reading as in eating, what is one man’s meat may be another’s poison. A teacher cannot force his pupils to like what he likes in reading, and a parent cannot expect his children to have the same tastes as himself. And if the reader has no taste for what he reads, all the time is wasted.7 There can be, therefore, no books that one absolutely must read. For our intellectual interests grow like a tree or flow like a river. So long as there is proper sap, the tree will grow anyhow, and so long as there is fresh current from the spring, the water will flow. When water strikes a cliff, it just goes around it; when it finds itself in a pleasant low valley, it stops and meanders there a while; when it finds itself in a deep mountain pond, it is content to stay there; when it finds itself traveling over rapids, it hurries forward. Thus, without any effort or determined aim, it is sure of reaching the sea some day. There are no books in this world that everybody must read, but only books that a person must read at a certain time in a given place under given circumstances and at a given period of his life. I rather think that reading, like matrimony, is determined by fate or yinyuan. Even if there is a certain book that every one must read, there is a time for it. When one’s thoughts and experience have not reached a certain point for reading a masterpiece, the masterpiece will leave only a badflavor on his palate. Confucius said, ―When one is fifty, one may read the Book of Changes,‖ which means that one should not read it at forty-five. The extremely mild flavor of Confucius’ own sayings in The Analects and his mature wisdom cannot be appreciated until one becomes mature himself.8 Furthermore, the same reader reading the same book at different periods gets a different flavor out of it. For instance, we enjoy a book more after we have had a personal talk with the author himself, or even after having seen a picture of his face, and one gets again a different flavor sometimes after one has broken off friendship with the author. A person gets a kind of flavor from reading the Book of Changes at forty, and gets another kind of flavor reading it at fifty, after he has seen more changes in life. Therefore, all good books can be read with profit and renewed pleasure a second time.9 Reading, therefore, is an act consisting of two sides, the author and the reader. The net gain comes as much from the reader’s contribution through his own insight and experience as from the author’s own. I regard the discovery of one’s favorite author as the most critical event in one’s intellectual development. There is such a thing as the affinity of spirits, and among the authors of ancient and modern times, one must try to find an author whose spirit is akin with his own. Only in this way can one get any real good out of reading.▇课⽂参考译⽂读书的艺术林语堂1 读书或书籍的享受素来被视为有修养的⽣活上的⼀种雅事，⽽在⼀些不⼤有机会享受这种权利的⼈们看来，这是⼀种值得尊重和妒忌的事。