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解析高考英语阅读中的长难句一、判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是主从复合句( 1 ) We took pity on the people in the disaster-hit area in Yushu and many students raised money for them.( 2 ) Having suffered a number of health problems, former Olympic President Samaranch died on April 21 in Barcelona.( 3 ) The Internet is an exciting tool that not only puts vast information at your fingertips but expands options.二、长难句阅读法：结构分析法：明晰句子结构，把握句子的基本框架。
A.判断该句是简单句、并列句还是复合句；B.找出句子的主干成分(主语和谓语)，分清句子附属成分，理解句子大意。
C.层层分析，层层剥离判断句子简单句并列句复合句主干并列连词从属连词句子较长，一个从句套着另一个从句，环环相扣。
不管句子有多长有多复杂，它只由两部分构成，即主干和修饰成分。
主干是整个句子的骨架，主要指主谓宾结构或主系表结构。
而修饰成分在句中只起修饰或补充主干的作用，它既可以是单词，也可以是短语，更常见的则是从句，尤其是定语从句和状语从句。
我们应通过仔细分析，将每个修饰成分划出来，找出句子的主干，这样整个句子结构就清晰了。
三、长难句之分门别类篇1.带有较多成分的简单句：去枝叶, 留主干。
Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short-term teachers, almost three times the number hired last year, to help reduce unemployment pressures . (2009 江苏)2.含有多个从句的复合句：找从属连词,分析从句, 理解句意。
高三三轮冲刺·原创专题提升与训练之阅读理解提高专题之记叙文【命题趋势分析】考察能力：必备知识+关键能力+学科素养+核心价值+审美情操常描述的是一件事情的开端、发展和结局，通常有“5w”基础信息。
有些文章是按事件发展的经过为主线叙述的，在叙述的过程中有详有略；有些文章是按时间的顺序叙述的，有顺叙、倒叙等。
从总体上来讲，文章的难度一般不大，在阅读过程中，我们一直在核心线索或主题的引导下，随着作者的思路去了解一个故事或一件事情的始末。
命题往往从故事的情节、人物或事件之间的关系、作者的意图和态度、故事的前因和后果等方面入手，考查学生对细节的辨认能力以及推理判断能力。
从题材角度看（1）若是“日常故事”，应读懂故事的开端、发展、高潮和结局；（2）若是“哲理故事”，要理解故事所蕴含的哲理意义；（3）若是“奇闻逸事”，应体会对话的风趣性，感受幽默的精髓。
（4）若是“心灵治愈故事”要着重理清人物关系和蕴含深意——多为“救赎”“善意”“热爱”“坚持”“耐心”等（5）若是“人生历程”，要体会叙述的视角和语言，品析作者传达的体会与感悟（6）若是“人生介绍”，要了解介绍的人物及事件，简要理解全文基调——“一字褒贬”从命题形式上看常见的有细节理解、词义猜测、主旨大意、推理判断、作者意图等题型。
除了推论或词义辨识题，记叙文命题的顺序一般都会按照文章的脉络和故事发展的顺序层层推进，否则就会觉得别扭，逻辑不通。
同时，记叙文需要事件的发展过程作支撑，一半以上的题目都会用来检测考生对故事的了解，因此，我们必须弄明白整件事情的发展脉络。
而其余像主旨大意、作者意图之类的题目，则取决于文章的落句，集中考查对作者所发的感触的理解。
总之，细节题是记叙文命题的主流题型。
而寓意之类的题则是高一层次的题，有一定的难度和区分度，它们是拉开距离的题。
记叙文热衷话题有：人物故事类，生活经历类。
【备考策略】1.把握全文起伏脉络，理清事件逻辑关系2.顺藤摸瓜，理解细节，解读文本3.左顾右盼，前后文寻找暗示性语句4.大局意识，整体阅读，理解言外之意5.语义辨析靠理解，主旨大意靠品读I.例题精析【例题1——上师大附中期中检测】The butterfly, which is competitive swimming’s newest stroke (划水), was developed in the mid-1930s, but it wasn’t allowed in the Olympics until 1956. The story of the butterfly is a good illustration of how coaches and swimmers are constantly searching for ways to improve stroke efficiency.During the 1920s, the Japanese Olympic coaches used underwater photography to research stroke mechanics, and their efforts paid off when Japanese competitors won five of the six men’s swimming gold medals at the 1932 Games in Los Angeles.It was a wake-up call to the rest of the swimming world, and one of the top US coaches — David Armbruster at the University of Iowa — began doing his own filming.Armbruster was seeking to make the breaststroke faster. He knew that the action of bringing their arms forward underwater slowed breaststrokes down, so he came up with a method of bringing the arms forward over the water. The revisedstroke (he kept the breaststroke kick) brought great improvements in speed.The following year, Jack Sieg, an Iowa swimmer, developed a technique involving swimming on his side and beating his legs in unison (一致) similar to a fish tail. As Armbruster later explained in the book Weissmuller to Spitz: The History and Background of the Olympic Games: “Sieg tried the same action while swimming face down. Sieg synchronized his leg action with the butterfly arm action using two leg beats to each arm pull.” But the kick was ruled illegal because the legs moved in the vertical (垂直的) plane.Within a few years, nearly every breaststroker was using this overarm butterfly action without the kick. The pure butterfly wasn’t legalized for some two decades, but at the 1956 Olympics in Melbourne “the fly” became an official event.1. The best title of the article is _____.A. Why did the coaches and swimmers improve stroke efficiency?B. How did the butterfly come into being?C. How did the Japanese wake up the swimming world?D. When did “the fly” become an official event?2. The Japanese coaches use underwater photography in order to ______.A. wake up the swimming worldB. be paid more moneyC. know how to be a mechanicD. improve stroke efficiency3. Before the pure butterfly was officially recognized, ______ years or so had passed .A. 15B. 20C. 30D. 354. According to the passage, which statement is NOT true?A. The Japanese coaches improved butterfly stroke.B. David Armbruster used filming to study stroke mechanics.C. Sieg came up with the idea of beating legs like a fish tail.D. The butterfly was added to the Olympics in 1956.【答案】BDBA【解析】文章讲述了蝶泳的发展历程。
高三阅读理解练习题及答案阅读理解一：人的成长离不开父母的教育。
研究表明，父母对孩子的教育方式和方法会直接影响孩子的成长和发展。
父母应该提供一个爱的环境给孩子，同时给予他们适当的自由和责任，以培养他们的独立思考和解决问题的能力。
答案：1. 父母对孩子的教育方式和方法对孩子的成长有何影响？答：父母对孩子的教育方式和方法会直接影响孩子的成长和发展。
2. 父母应该给予孩子哪些自由和责任？答：父母应该给予孩子适当的自由和责任。
3. 父母的教育方式和方法应该以什么为基础？答：父母的教育方式和方法应该以爱为基础。
阅读理解二：阅读是提高语言表达能力和理解能力的重要途径。
通过阅读，人们可以了解不同的思想和观点，开阔自己的视野，丰富自己的知识。
因此，高三学生在备战高考的过程中，应该加强阅读训练，并结合练习题进行巩固和提高。
答案：1. 阅读对于提高什么能力很重要？答：阅读对于提高语言表达能力和理解能力很重要。
2. 通过阅读可以获得哪些好处？答：通过阅读，人们可以了解不同的思想和观点，开阔自己的视野，丰富自己的知识。
3. 高三学生在备战高考时应该做什么？答：高三学生在备战高考的过程中应该加强阅读训练，并结合练习题进行巩固和提高。
阅读理解三：人的一生中充满了挑战和困难，但只有坚持不懈地努力，才能取得成功。
乔布斯曾说过：“只有热爱自己的工作，才能坚持下去。
”因此，无论面对什么困难，都要相信自己的能力，勇敢地面对挑战，并持之以恒地努力。
答案：1. 人的一生中充满了什么？答：人的一生中充满了挑战和困难。
2. 只有做什么才能取得成功？答：只有坚持不懈地努力，才能取得成功。
3. 乔布斯认为什么是坚持下去的关键？答：乔布斯认为热爱自己的工作是坚持下去的关键。
根据以上阅读理解题目及答案，我们可以得出以下结论：父母对孩子的教育方式和方法直接影响孩子的成长和发展，因此父母应该提供爱的环境给孩子，并给予他们适当的自由和责任。
阅读是提高语言表达能力和理解能力的重要途径，通过阅读可以了解不同的思想和观点，丰富自己的知识。
高考一轮复习英语长难句分析课件一、教学内容本节课选自高考一轮复习英语教材的第五章“长难句分析”。
具体内容包括：分析并解读长难句的结构，掌握长难句的阅读和理解技巧，以及运用所学知识进行实际操作。
二、教学目标1. 能够识别并分析长难句的结构，提高阅读速度和理解能力。
2. 学会运用长难句分析技巧，提高英语解题能力。
3. 培养学生的合作意识和自主学习能力。
三、教学难点与重点难点：长难句的结构分析，尤其是复杂句型的识别。
重点：长难句的阅读技巧和解题方法。
四、教具与学具准备1. 教师准备：多媒体课件、黑板、粉笔。
2. 学生准备：笔记本、教材、练习册。
五、教学过程1. 实践情景引入（5分钟）利用多媒体展示一段含有长难句的英语文章，让学生尝试阅读并体会长难句在文章中的作用。
2. 例题讲解（10分钟）选取一道高考英语长难句分析题，详细讲解解题思路和步骤。
3. 知识讲解（15分钟）分析长难句的结构，讲解长难句的阅读和理解技巧。
4. 随堂练习（10分钟）让学生独立完成练习册上的长难句分析题目，并进行讲解。
5. 小组讨论（10分钟）学生分组讨论长难句分析的方法和技巧，分享心得体会。
7. 课堂反馈（5分钟）了解学生对本节课内容的掌握情况，解答学生疑问。
六、板书设计1. 长难句的结构分析2. 长难句阅读技巧3. 高考英语长难句分析题解题步骤七、作业设计1. 作业题目：完成练习册上的长难句分析题目。
答案：略。
八、课后反思及拓展延伸1. 反思：关注学生在课堂上的参与度，以及对长难句分析技巧的掌握情况。
2. 拓展延伸：鼓励学生课外阅读，提高阅读速度和理解能力，为高考英语做好准备。
重点和难点解析1. 长难句的结构分析2. 长难句阅读技巧3. 高考英语长难句分析题解题步骤4. 课堂实践与讨论5. 作业设计与拓展延伸一、长难句的结构分析1. 句子成分：分析句子中的主谓宾、定状补等成分，帮助学生理解句子结构。
2. 句型识别：讲解并列句、复合句、并列复合句等常见句型，提高学生识别长难句的能力。
高考一轮复习阅读理解之长难句知识点1：句子的分类（按句子的结构可分为三种）1)简单句：只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)。
Having suffered a number of health problems, former Olympic President Samaranch died on April 21 in Barcelona.2)并列句：由并列连词(and, but, or等)或分号(;)把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。
We took pity on the people in the disaster-hit area in Yushu and many students raised money for them.3)复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。
复合句包含：名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句)、定语从句和状语从句等。
The Internet is an exciting tool that not only puts vast information at your fingertips but expands options.批注：从字面意思来看就是很长很难的句子称之为长难句。
长难句按句子结构分类仍然还是分为简单句，并列句以及复合句三种。
第 1 页共23 页第 2 页 共 23 页知识点2：长难句形式1.带有较多成分的简单句------去枝叶，留主干。
2.含有多个从句的复合句------找从属连词,分析从句, 理解句意。
长难句 3.含有插入成分的句子------忽略插入成分, 直奔句子主题。
4.倒装句------确定主语, 调整语序, 把握大意。
5.成分省略------把握大意，找出对应信息，补充省略成分。
知识点3：长难句分析步骤1）首先确定句子是简单句、复合句或并列句。
2）如果是简单句，首先确定主谓结构；接着确定宾语和宾语补足语（如有的话）；然后确定定语和状语等次要成分，即找出主语、谓语和宾语各自的修饰语。
长难句分析长难句分析“两步法”[Step1:预处理]①找出谓语动词并用下划线标注；谓语动词即所有的非谓语动词，包括主句的谓语和从句的谓语②给“三长”加括号，“三长”包括从句，介词短语，非谓语动词；三大从句：名词性从句：、、、形容词性从句：副词性从句：注意：一旦出现下一修饰成分，就把上一修饰成分结束掉，不管上一修饰成分是否以及结束③给“并列词”加方框，给“并列项”加三角；并列词：and、or、but、as well as并列项：A和B例如：A...and B...注意：因为修饰成分往往出现在被修饰成分的后面，找并列项时先找B后找A，B往往是并列词的右边最近的单词；再通过B去寻找A，因为A和B往往满足“结构相似、含义相近”，通俗来讲就是A和B往往很像[Step2:做直译]对每个括号进行翻译注意：每个括号里的第一个单词都像是一个“挂钩”，可以利用每个挂钩提问和回答问题，将一个个括号连接起来[Step3:调语序]如果没有英翻汉的题型可以不去做这一步长难句分析练习1.First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the seventeenth century,the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds,including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem,and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecole Polytechnique（巴黎综合理工学院）.成分简析：2.It is difficult to measure the quantity of paper used as a result of use Internet-connected computers,although just about anyone who works in an office can tell you that when e-mail is introduced,the printers start working overtime.That is,the growing demand for paper in recent years is largely due to the increased use of the Internet.成分简析：3.Perhaps the best sign of how computer and Internet use pushes up demand for paper comes from the high-tech industry itself,which sees printing as one of its most promising new market.成分简析：4.The action group has also found acceptable paper made from materials other than wood, such as agricultural waste.成分简析：5.Mostly borrowed from English and Chinese,these terms（术语）are often changed into forms no longer understood by native speakers.成分简析：6.Tales from Animal Hospital will delight all fans of the programme and anyone who has a lively interest in their pet,whether it be a cat,dog or snake!成分简析：7.Newton is shown as a gifted scientist with very human weaknesses who stood at the point in history where magic ended and science began.成分简析：8.But for all the texts that are written,stored and sent electronically,a lot of them are still ending up on paper.成分简析：9.With their shining brown eyes,wagging tails,and unconditional love,dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence,according to Intermountain Therapy Animals(ITA)（盆地治疗动物组织）in Salt Lake City.成分简析：10.Discovered by the Portuguese admiral of the same name in1506,and settled in1810, the island belongs to Great Britain and has a population of a few hundred.成分简析：11.They had no connection with the outside world for more than a thousand years,giving them plenty of time to build more than1000huge stone figures,called moat,for which the island is most famous.成分简析：12.Whereas（鉴于）a women’s closet female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage,it wasn’t unusual to hear a man say he didn’t know his friend’s marriage was in serious trouble until he appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa.成分简析：13.We even have different word for some foods,meat in particular,depending on whether it is still out in the fields or at home ready to be cooked,which shows the fact that the Saxon peasants were doing the farming.while the upper-class Normans were doing most of the eating.成分简析：14.When Americans visit Europe for the first time,they usually find Germany more “Foreign”than France because the German they see on signs and ads seems much more different from English than French does.成分简析：15.The major market force rests in the growing population of white-collar employees,who can afford the new service,in other words,Shanghai’s car rental industry is growing so fast mainly due to the increasing number of white-collar employees.成分简析：16.The hot sun had caused the dough to double size and the fermenting yeast（发酵型酵母）made the surface shake and sigh as though it were breathing and it looked like some unknown being from outer space.成分简析：17.After all,what lively children wouldn’t settle for spending only half the day doing ordinary school work,and acting,singing or dancing their way through the other half of the day?成分简析：18.So when Ed arrived for our game not only with the bottom of his shirt gathered inside his trousers but also with a stomach you could hardly notice,I was so surprised that I was speechless,my cousin must have made an effort to get himself into shape.成分简析：19.Thirty years after being introduced to McCauley’s words,they still seem to me the best yardstick（准绳）,because they give us a way to measure ourselves rather than others.成分简析：20.But when John and his fellow soldier came in sight some of the people watching couldn’t help laughing at the one who couldn’t keep pace with the others as they march along.成分简析：长难句分析答案First(put forward)(by the French mathematician Pierre de Format)(in the seventeenth century),the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds,(including a French woman scientist)(who made a major advance)(in working out the problem),and (who had to dress)(like a man)(in order)(to be able)(to study)(at the Ecole Polytechnique).It is difficult(to measure the quantity)(of paper)(used)(as a result)(of use Internet-connected computers),although just about anyone(who works)(in an office)can tell you(that)(when e-mail is introduced),the printers start working overtime.That is,the growing demand(for paper)(in recent years)is largely due(to the increased use)(of the Internet).Perhaps the best sign(of)(how computer and Internet use pushes up demand)(for paper) comes(from the high-tech industry itself),(which sees printing)(as one)(of its most promising new market).The action group has also found acceptable paper(made)(from materials other)(than wood),such(as agricultural waste).Mostly(borrowed)(from English and Chinese),these terms are often changed(into forms) no longer(understood)(by native speakers).Tales(from Animal Hospital)will delight all fans(of the programme)and anyone(who has a lively interest)(in their pet),(whether it be a cat,dog or snake)!Newton is shown(as a gifted scientist)(with very human weaknesses)(who stood)(at the point)(in history)(where magic ended and science began).But(for all the texts)(that are written,stored and sent electronically),a lot of them are still ending up(on paper).(With their shining brown eyes,wagging tails,and unconditional love),dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners(needed)(for a beginning reader)(to gain confidence),(according to Intermountain Therapy Animals(ITA))(in Salt Lake City).(Discovered)(by the Portuguese admiral)(of the same name)(in1506),and(settled in 1810),the island belongs(to Great Britain)and has a population(of a few hundred).They had no connection with the outside world(for more)(than a thousand years),(giving them plenty)(of time)(to build more)(than1000huge stone figures),(called moat,)(for which the island is most famous).Whereas（鉴于）a women’s closet female friend might be the first(to tell her)(to leave a failing marriage),it wasn’t unusual(to hear)(a man say)(he didn’t know)(his friend’s marriage was)(in serious trouble)until he appeared one night(asking)(if he could sleep) (on the sofa).We even have different word(for some foods,meat)(in particular),(depending)(on) (whether it is still out)(in the fields)or(at home)ready(to be cooked),(which shows the fact)(that the Saxon peasants were doing the farming).while the upper-class Normans were doing most(of the eating).(When Americans visit Europe)(for the first time),they usually find Germany more “Foreign”(than France)(because the German)(they see)(on signs and ads)seems much more different(from English)(than French does).The major market force rests(in the growing population)(of white-collar employees),(who can afford the new service),in other words,Shanghai’s car rental industry is growing so fast mainly due(to the increasing number)(of white-collar employees).The hot sun had caused the dough(to double size)and the fermenting yeast made the surface(shake)and(sigh)(as though it were breathing and it looked like some unknown being)(from outer space).After all,what lively children wouldn’t settle(for)(spending only half the day)(doing ordinary school work),and(acting,singing or dancing)their way(through the other half) (of the day)?So(when Ed arrived)(for our game)not only(with the bottom)(of his shirt)(gatheredinside his trousers)but also(with a stomach)(you could hardly notice),I was so surprised (that I was speechless),(my cousin must have made an effort)(to get himself)(into shape).Thirty years(after)(being introduced)(to McCauley’s words),they still seem(to me)the best yardstick,(because they give us a way)(to measure ourselves)rather(than others).But(when John and his fellow soldier came)(in sight)some of the people(watching) couldn’t help(laughing)(at the one)(who couldn’t keep pace)(with the others)(as they march along).。
长难句分析学案2023.3第一节句子的基本特征一、简单句基本句型1.All of us laughed.2.The telephone rang.3.We all breathe, drink and eat.4.I missed my grandma.5.He is watching TV.6.You can sing the song.7.I am a teacher.8.The plan sounds perfect.9.This material feels soft.10.She made herself a new dress.11.My mother bought me a dictionary.12.Please show me your ticket.13.The old man always tells the children stories about the heroes in the Long March.14.We have proved him wrong.15.What make you think so.16..He found the child fast asleep.17.You should keep the room clean and tidy.18.He likes to watch the boys playing basketball.19.We hear her sing next door.二、并列句、复合句的区别1. I like dancing, and my brother likes singing.2. Bill can speak English, but he can‘t speak Chinese.3. Hurry up, or you will be late.4. He got up late, so he missed the bus.5. It rained heavily but we got home after all.6. I got up and rushed out.7. What really matters is your attitude.8. I know that the sky is blue.9. This is the place that I visited yesterday.10. If it rains, I’ll stay at home.11. The news that the star will visit our village is spreading quickly.12. The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great lakes.三、句子分析方法：结构分析法----通过语法分析，迅速弄清句子的结构，把握住句子的基本框架。
破解高考英语阅读理解长难句的方法破解高考英语阅读理解长难句的方法高考英语阅读理解的文章大都选自英语原版材料，文中含有一些长难句，比较难以理解，对做题会有影响。
没关系，看看突破高考英语阅读长难句的5大招，再瞅瞅历年高考长难句精析，10分钟就能教你搞定高考英语中的那些长难句。
英语句子之所以难以理解，有许多原因，其中一个主要原因是句子太长或者句子结构复杂。
句子过长或者复杂通常是该句除了主干之外还包含了一些附加部分，如插入语、同位语、分隔现象、各种从句或较长的非谓语动词短语等等。
下面我们来谈谈几种英语阅读长难句的处理方法。
方法1：找谓语，定主语一般情况下，一个谓语形式的动词对应其动作的发出者(主语)，我们可以根据谓语动词的意义来确定其主语。
而且，如果一个句子中出现两个或两个以上的谓语形式的动词，则该句可以是并列句或复合句(并列谓语动词的情况除外)。
如：People feared that weakening a 21-year-old ban on the sale of ivory would encourage illegal hunting and hurt elephant populations.【句意】二十一年来，象牙交易一直被明令禁止，人们担心削弱这一禁令会助长非法捕猎，导致大象数量减少。
【分析】that引导宾语从句，从句中谓语动词是encourage和hurt，根据逻辑意义，可知encourage和hurt 的主语是动名词短语weakening a 21-year-old ban on the sale of ivory。
方法2：提主干，去枝叶(从句、状语和定语等)一般情况下，一个句子中的主句所表达的信息为主要信息，从句、状语和定语等所表达的信息为次要信息。
若句子的主干提炼不出来，就不能完全把握句子的核心意义，从而导致思维混乱，主次不分。
如：Economists from the University of Sussex analysed findingsfrom the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, a 15-year research project charting the fortunes of a group of thousands of teenagers who attended high schools in the US in the mid-1990s.【句意】来自萨塞克斯大学的经济学家们分析了国家青少年健康纵向研究的研究结果，这项研究是一个历时15年的课题，它记录了数千名在美国20世纪90年代中期上中学的一组青少年的财产情况。
一、长难句翻译1.And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked, a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “offline” activity.2.Rather than setting plans in stone, I’ve learned that sometimes I need to take the opportunities that are offered, even if they don’t sound perfect at the time, and make the most of them.二、长难句翻译解析1.And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked, a p rinted book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “offline” activity.根据连词、关系词和标点符号的位置，句子可以拆分为三部分：第一部分And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives这部分中最重要的是“in contrast to sth 与某事相反、与某事截然不同”，是阅读理解过程中需要重点关注的对比标志。
对比是作者在各类文体中广泛使用的写作手法，在阅读理解的细节题中也属于高频考点，所以看到文章里出现形容词副词比较级最高级、相同相似不同、各种描述比较关系的短语和逻辑关系时，一定要意识到这里出现了对比，可能是文章的重点信息所在。
高三课程教案阅读理解与写作技巧训练高三是学生备战高考的关键阶段，课程教案的编写对于学生的学习效果起到重要的指导作用。
本文将针对高三课程教案的阅读理解与写作技巧进行训练，帮助学生提高学习能力和应试水平。
一、阅读理解技巧训练1. 文章概括方法在进行阅读理解的训练时，首先要掌握文章概括的方法。
概括是根据文章的主旨和要点，以简洁明了的语言对文章进行总结。
正确概括文章的方法有以下几点：（1）理清文章的脉络：仔细阅读文章，找出文章的主题和主要论点，整理出文章的逻辑结构。
（2）抓住关键词：确定文章的关键词，一般位于首段和尾段，通过抓住这些关键词可以更好地把握文章的中心思想。
（3）注意修辞手法：文章中常常使用各种修辞手法，如比喻、夸张、对比等，注意理解并准确概括这些修辞手法的含义。
（4）简洁明了：概括时要注意简洁明了的表达方式，避免出现冗长和模糊的表述。
2. 理解篇章结构阅读一篇文章时，要能够理解篇章结构，把握段落之间的逻辑关系，并能准确地理解作者的意图和观点。
在训练中，可以通过以下步骤来提高篇章结构的理解能力：（1）划分段落：将文章划分为若干段落，分析每个段落的主题和论点。
（2）理解段落关系：分析段落之间的逻辑关系，如因果关系、对比关系、转折关系等。
（3）寻找关键句：确定每个段落的关键句，理解作者在这些句子中所表达的观点和意图。
（4）总结中心思想：通过理解每个段落的主题和论点，总结出文章的中心思想和观点。
二、写作技巧训练1. 提炼论点写作是高三阶段的重点训练内容，而提炼论点是写作的关键。
论点即文章的核心观点和立场，要能够清晰明确地表达出来。
在写作训练中，可以通过以下步骤来提炼论点：（1）分析题目要求：仔细阅读题目要求，明确写作的目的和要求。
（2）归纳中心思想：根据题目要求和自己的理解，归纳出文章的中心思想。
（3）概括论点：在归纳出的中心思想基础上，进一步提炼出清晰明确的论点。
（4）明确立场：确定自己对于论点的立场，并在写作中充分表达出来。
2023届北京市高考英语复习真题阅读长难句分析技巧讲义1.形式多样的定语P1:A new study, led by Damien Farine, an ornithologist who studies collective behaviour, shows that the vulturine guineafowl of eastern Africa, like humans, have multilevel societies主干：A new study shows that the vulturine guineafowl have multilevel societies.P2:Dr. Farine emphasizes this particular bird’s tiny brain size: “They don’t only have small brains relative to mammals ( 哺乳动物), they also have quite small brains relative to other birds,” he said.主干：Dr. Farine emphasizes tiny brain size.P3:There may be more birds and other animals out there that, although small-brained, have societies as many-leveled as our own.intended to generate distrust in science, funded by those (whose interests and分析：There has been a campaign . 多个定语：an extensive and organized; intended to ;funded by thoseP5:It’s common knowledge that the woman in Leonardo da Vinci’s most famous painting seems to look back at observers, following them with her eyes no matter where they stand in the room. But this common knowledge turns out wrongP6:But what is typically thought to be the scientific method—develop a hypothesis ( 假设), then design an experiment to test it—isn’t what scientists actually doP8:While examples (of truly settled science being overturned) are far fewer than is sometimes claimed, they do exist.P9:Scientists have managed to turn an unassuming drone（无人机）into a remote-controlled pollinator（授粉媒介）by attaching horsehairs coated with a special, sticky gel to its underbelly.P10:The results showed that evening types scored higher than morning types on inductive reasoning, which has been shown to be a good estimate of general intelligence and a strong indicator of academic performance.2.副词或短语开头P1:Incidentally, “respondent” and “informant” are words that are sometimes used instead of “interviewee”.P2:Consistently, the researchers found, participants judged that the woman in the “Mona Lisa” portrait was not looking straight at them, but slightly off to their right. P3:Behaviorists, on the contrary, say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often robbed of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy, and that, as a result, they do not develop the same responses that whites do．3.数据的理解P1:A new study finds that the woman in the painting is actually looking out at an angle that’s 15.4 degrees off to the observer’s right—well outside of the range thatpeople normally believe when they think someone is looking right at them.P2:Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plasticsP3:The annual death rate for adult condors has dropped from 38% in 2000 to 5.4% in 2011.4.连词：P1:Our findings suggested thatcorrections.”P2:“You r e f l ec t反映on your e m o t i on a l f ee li n g s then you g e n e r a t e（产生，形成）some sort of r ec o g n i t i on j ud g m e n t, and t h e m o s t i m po r t a n t t h i n g in is that you take the a pp r op r i a t e a c t i on—y ou approach the person or you a v o i d the person,”N i e d e n t h a l says. to the f a ce changes your p e r ce p t i on how you see t h e f a ce in such a way that provides you w i t h more i n f o r m a t i on a bou t w h a t it m e a n s.” proper=appropriate 合理的惬当的Recognize认知judge判断5.人物P1:Jennifer DeBruyn, a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee, who was not involved in the study, says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene.P2:A new study, led by Damien Farine, an ornithologist who studies collective behaviour, shows that the vulturine guineafowl of eastern Africa, like humans, have multilevel societies.P3:A behaviorist, B．F．Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings．A behaviorist, B．F．Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings．P4:According to Mike Shatzkin, founder and CEO of the Idea Logical Company, printed books just for plain old reading will, in 10 years from now, be unusual.P5:Horstmann and his co-author were studying this effect for its application in the creation of artificial-intelligence avatars(虚拟头像)when Horstmann took a long look at the “Mona Lisa” and realized she wasn’t looking at him.6.词汇的处理P1:A key aspect of scientific judgment is that it is done collectively.P2:But the beauty of this scientific process is that it explains what might otherwise appear paradoxical (矛盾的): that science produces both novelty and stability.P3:The minute Apple crystallizes a product, everyone knows how to compete.P4:It took me more than 10 years to realize that the world has no shortage of fashion (时尚) designers who have the ability to make trendy and elegant garments, but that it is badly in need of, simply, clothes designersP5: I believe that the most meaningful creative motives should arise through caring for other people, the great care of humanity—a concern for human feeling and spiritualityP6:The controversy is often referred to as “nature and nurture”．P7:Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts（本能）．精炼：1.Eventually, they start to lose track of （who they really are）, seeing themselves the way （their fans imagine them）, not as（the people they were）before everyone knew their names）.lose track of失去联系；跟不上发展2.When Charles Dickens visited America in the 19th century, his sold-out readings attracted thousands of fans, leading him to complain (抱怨)about his lack of privacy. Tabloids of the 1920s and 1930s ran articles about film-stars in much the same way （that modern tabloids and websites do）. Tabloids小报3.They focus not on （how famous they are）but （on what they love to do or whatever made them famous in the first place）.4.People （who multitask all the time）once, a new research suggests. The findings, （based on performances andself-evaluation by about 275 college students）, （many people multitask not out of a desire to increase productivity, but because they are easily distracted (分心) and can’t focus on one activity.）5.Sanbonmatsu and his colleagues gave the students a set of tests and asked them to report （how often they multitasked, how good they thought they were at it, and how sensation-seeking (寻求刺激) or imperative (冲动)they were.）6.（most people thought they were better than average at multitasking, and those （who thought they were better at it）were more likely to report using a cellphone while driving or viewing multiple kinds of media at once）.7.Adam Gazzaley, a researcher at the University of California, San Francisco, who was not a member of the research group, said one limitation of the study was that it couldn’t find out whether people who start out less focused toward multitasking or whether people’s recognizing and understanding abilities change as a result of multitasking.------2013北京高考rger transparent animals have the biggest challenge, because they have to make all the different tissues in their bodies slow down light exactly as much as water does.9.Surveys (调查) on this topic suggests that parents today continue to be “very” or “somewhat”overly-protective even after their children move into college dormitories.10.T he fact that college students are financially dependent on their parents is nothing new; nor are requests for more money to be sent from home.11.T he fact that college students are financially dependent on their parents is nothing new; nor are requests for more money to be sent from home.-2015北京高考12.S o condors with high levels of lead are sent to Los Angeles Zoo, where they are treated with calcium EDTA, a chemical that removes lead from the blood over several days.13.T he college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy(自主性) and the development of adult identity. However, now they are becoming an extended period of adolescence, during which many of today’s students and are not shouldered with adult responsibilities.自主性) and the development of adult identity. However, now they are becoming an extended period of adolescence, during which many of today’s students and are not shouldered with adult responsibilities.15.T his process involves “trying on ” new ways of thinking about oneself both intellectually(在思维方面) and personally.16.M oreover, the tendency for universities to monitor and shape student behaviorruns up against young adults: the response to being controlled by their elders.17.I f is too strictly defined(规定) and controlled, theinsensitive or aggressive behavior（）may actually be encouraged.is the conflict between adolescent’s desire for autonomy19.E very college discussion （about community values, social climate and behavior ）should include the developmental importance of student autonomy-discovery.-2016北京高考20.W hen vaccination（疫苗接种）rates are very high, as they still are in the nation asa whole, everyone is protected. This is called “herd immunity”人群性免疫, which protects the people who get hurt easily, including those who can’t be vaccinated for medical reasons, babies too young to get vaccinated and people on whom the vaccine doesn’t work.21.T hat’s exactly what is happening in small neighborhoods around the country from Orange County, California, where 22 measles cases were reported this month, to Brooklyn, N.Y., where a 17-year-old caused an outbreak last year.22.H ollywood’s theory that machines with evil(邪恶) minds will drive armies of killer robots is just silly.23.Icannot effectively interfere(干预), we had better be quite sure that the purpose put into the machine is the purpose which we really desire.”24.A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things: a wish to preserve its own existence.25.I f we are not careful, a kind of global chess(very determined, super intelligent) machines (whose objectives conflict with our own), with the real world as the chessboard.26.A nyone (who expects a source of power in the transformation of these atoms) is talking moonshine空谈.-2017北京高考27.T o confirm that the worms‘chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown, the researchers made some worms into paste(糊状物) and applied it to plastic films.28.B the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how thetransformation is regulated.29.T he convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport —an unwelcome side effect副作用(researchers have already found in ride-hailing(叫车) services).from the University of California at Davis replacing petrol-powered private cars worldwide with electric, self-driving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions from transportation 80% and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure(基础设施) and operations 40% by 2050 olicymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesn’t extend the worst aspects of the car-controlled transportation system we have today -2018北京高考32.W e are finally waking up to the severity of the problem by supporting and developing a group of tools，apps and approaches（intended to prevent scammers from getting through.）33.A t this year's I/O Conference ,a company showed a new voice technology able to produce such a convincing human –sounding voice that it was able to speak to a receptionist and book a reservation without detection.34.f or example，that a scammer（骗子）could call you from what looks to be a familiar number and talk to you using a voice that sounds exactly like your bank teller 's，ricking you into "confirming " your address，mother's name，and card number.35.T hat might mean either developing a uniform way to mark videos and images, showing when and who they were made by or abandoning phone calls altogether and moving towards data-based communications—using apps like Face Time or Whats App, which can be tied to your identity.36.Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas，whilereducing it in other spots，leading to changes in the ocean's appearance.37.A t the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms（海洋微生物）called phytoplankton.38.W arming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth，since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow，but also nutrients.--2019北京高考.3.21.20201.People (who use cross-country skiing as a workout over several weeks) will discover( that the muscles of their entire body increase in strength. )2.In addition to gaining strength in the muscles of the upper and lower body, people (who use cross-country skiing as a workout method over several weeks )will also discover that their heart is stronger. En large3.However, managers（that possess拥有their own enclosed offices）might have the feeling of being distant(远的) from their clerks, which leads to high pressure. emotion soul stress=pressure压力en-动词前后缀ensure保证enable使能够process过程4.In contrast,相反 a landscape office makesin speeding up work efficiency and productivity.it？=to communicate with, by contrary=In contrast5.Some opponents claim that a landscape景观office would lead to the decline of the value of work satisfaction and motivation from employees. However, the result （from other researchers）remained controversial（有争议的）; in their opinion there are several factors which affect job satisfaction and motivation. Keep=stay=remain Supporter反opponent claim 声明宣称Satisfied--satisfaction满足感motivate 动机6.Although the benefits of a landscape office outweigh those of an enclosed office,is better should be decided by the characteristics of the people and the type of work they do.特点特性outweigh?重于超过7.While the best solution in the long-term would be to ban fossil-fueled cars, that won’t help the millions （who are dying in the meantime）, and so some high-tech solutions are now on the cards.正在酝酿中There is probably a smoking gun. 可能已有确凿的证据8.Another promising approach can be found in Beijing, after China declared a “war against pollution” in 2014. A seven-metre-high “Smog Free Tower”, designed by a Dutch scientist, Daan Roosegaarde, opened in Beijing’s 751 D Park in Septembe r 2016.9.“It means that you are actually taking carbon(碳) out of the sky, transforming it into a material, and then using it to build,” says Dring.10.It’s extremely important to question and to use every verification(验证) method available before publication.发表” Yet those （working in newsrooms）talk of doubtful stories being tolerated because, in the words of some senior editors, “a clickfalse, it’s simply a chance for another bite at the cherry.”Extra额外的extremely=very doubtful可以的fasle错误的turn out to be 结果为simple---simply3.22.20201.The researchers m e n t i on,f o r e x a m p l e,c o m pu t e r programmers and f i n a n ce-sec t o r workers as careers requiring these t r a i t s.If Dr. Golle is c o rr ec t, and changes in attitudeb r ou g h t a bou t by the very t r a i n i n g Germany prides i t se l f on are narrowing p e op l e’sc ho i ces, that is indeed a matter w o r t h y of serious c on s i de r a t i on.2.Growing evidence shows that an i n s t i n c t f o r f a c i a l mimicry( 模仿)allows us toe m p a t h i z e w i t h and even experience other p e op l e’sf ee li ng s.3.“You r e f l ec t反映on your e m o t i on a l f ee li n g s then you g e n e r a t e（产生，形成）some sort of r ec o g n i t i on j ud g m e n t, and t h e m o s t i m po r t a n t t h i n g in is thatyou take the a pp r op r i a t e a c t i on—y ou approach the person or you a v o i d the person,”N i e d e n t h a l says. to the f a ce changes your p e r ce p t i on how you see t h e f a ce in such a way that provides you w i t h more i n f o r m a t i on a bou t w h a t it m e a n s.” proper=appropriate 合理的惬当的Recognize认知judge判断4.T h e r e’s s t r on g evidence that memory c onn ec t s a language w i t h the experiences andi n t e r a c t i on s t h r ou g h w h i c h that language was learned. For e x a m p l e,people who are bilingual (双语的) are more likely to recall an experience if reminded in the language in which that e v e n t occurred. Our childhood l a n g u a g es, learned in the middle o f p a ss i on a t e e m o t i on, become filled w i t h deep f ee li n g.5.By c o m p a r i s on,languages acquired late in li f e,especially i f t h e y are learned t h r ou g h li m i t e d i n t e r a c t i on s in the classroom or dully delivered over c o m pu t e r screens and headphones, enter our minds lacking the e m o t i on a li t y that is present f o r their n a t i v e s p e a k e r s.6.An a l t e r n a t i v e e x p l a n a t i on is that d i ff e r e n ces arise b e t w ee n n a t i v e and f o r e i g n t on g u es because our c h il dhood languages are filled w i t h greater e m o t i on s t h a n are those learned in more academic settings.7.As a result, m o r a l j ud g m e n t s made in a f o r e i g n language are less filled w i t h thee m o t i on a l r e a c t i on s that s u rf a ce when we use a language learned in c h il dhood.8.When we use a f o r e i g n l a n g u a g e, we unconsciously sink i n t o the more c a r e f u l way simply because the e ff o r t of op e r a t i n g in our non-n a t i v e language signals our c o g n i t i v e (认知的) s y s t e m to prepare f o r d i ff i c u l t a c t i v i t y.8.B u t Costa and his colleagues f ound that p r ese n t i n g the dilemma in a language that v o l un t ee r s had learned as a f o r e i g n t on g u e d r a m a t i c a ll y increased their stated willingness to push t h e s a c r i f i c i a l person off the f oo t b r i d g e,from fewer t h a n20%of r es pond e n t s working in their n a t i v e language to a bou t 50%of those using the f o r e i g n on e.9.The f i nd i n g s o f several recent s t ud i es s u gg es t that when people are f a ce d w i t h moral dilemmas (困境), t h e y do indeed respond d i ff e r e n t l y when considering t h e m in a f o r e i g n language t h a n when using their n a t i v e t on g u e.10.I s it possible that, along w i t h these d i ff e r e n ces, my moral compass ( 指南针) also po i n t s in s o m e w h a t d i ff e r e n t d i r ec t i on s depending on the language I’m using at the t i m e？。
长难句分析：从句！从句！从句！原句The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals.（2023年新高考I卷阅读理解D篇）在这个40字的句子里，我们会看到表语/宾语从句、定语从句和状语从句三种主要的从句类型，你需要理解的就是每个从句在补充句意方面发挥的作用。
首先完成断句的工作。
在关系词的位置断开，应该是各位同学非常熟悉的常规动作了。
The key finding of the study was 主句不完整that 从句一关系词when crowds were further divided into smaller groups从句二完整that were allowed to have a discussion,从句三不完整the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals.从句一内容完整严格按照“在从句关系词前面断开”的原则断句后，你会发现全句最特殊的，就是“… that when …”这个位置了。
两个关系词为什么会叠加在一起？实际上把几部分拆开后，你就会发现在第一个that之后，插入了when和that引导的另外两个从句，然后才是第一个that的具体内容。
也许这样的结构略显复杂，但是只要各位坚持“在从句关系词前面断开”这个基本原则，句子结构其实是很清晰的。
高三英语阅读指导与基础训练高三英语阅读指导与基础训练一、谈谈阅读理解阅读是高考的重点和难点。
阅读理解在高考试卷中占分40分，如果加上完型填空题（有人称之为缺词阅读）30分，那就是70分，占了将近总分的一半。
高考之所以重视阅读理解，是因为阅读是一种比较高级的语言能力，它是获取更综合、更复杂、更精确信息的必要手段。
阅读能力也是做好其他题型，如听力、单项填空、短文改错和书面表达的基本因素。
阅读理解的考核是在语篇中进行的，也易于考查观察、判断、推理与综合的能力。
阅读理解题一般考五篇文章，包括故事、科普文章、新闻报道、议论文和应用文（如广告、产品说明、电报等）。
五篇文章加上所问问题，总单词量在2000个左右，要求在35分钟内完成。
阅读速度平均为每分钟60个词。
做好阅读理解题的必备条件：1、能迅速看准每一句的结构，找出主句的主语、谓语和宾语。
2、有一定的词汇量和分辨词义词性的能力。
3、能灵活运动所学过的语法和词汇知识，对影响意思理解的'复合句、非谓语动词短语、关联词语、后置定语、省略、替代和跳跃等语言现象做出正确判断。
4、有良好的思维能力。
会边看边加工所得到的信息，从而做出正确的推理判断，综合概括，准确理解表面意思和深层含义。
5、会精读，也会跳读和略读。
6、具有相当的阅读实践经验和良好的语感。
7、对英美文化有一定了解。
在准备阅读理解测试时，要明确阅读的能力是靠大量阅读的实践练出来的。
有志于提高阅读水平的同学，应该每天坚持读三四篇文章，日积月累，才能逐步提高阅读水平。
读的时候要注意精读与泛读相结合。
精读的文章力求弄懂每一句话，每一个词，必要时要请教老师，翻查词典。
泛读的文章，一般是难度较小的文章，只求理解文章大意，有些词甚至句子不懂也没关系，尽量不查词典，这样可以保证一定的速度和量。
泛读对培养语感，提高速度有很大好处。
可惜有同学不重视泛读，以为阅读就是逐字读，这其实是片面的。
二、练习与解析In 1901, H. G. Wells, an English writer, wrote a book describing a trip to the moon. When the explores（探险者）landed on the moon, they discovered that the moon was full of underground cities. They expressed their surprise to the “moon people” they met. In turn, the “moon people” expressed their surprise.“Why,” they asked, “are you traveling to outer space when you don’t even use your inner space?”H. G. Wells could only imagine travel to the moon. In 1969. human beings really did land on the moon. People today know that there are no underground cities on the moon. However, the question that the “moon people” asked is still an interesting one. A growing number of scientists are seriously thinking about it.Under ground systems are already in place. Many cities have underground car parks. In some cities, such as Tokyo, Seoul and Montreal, there are large underground shopping areas. The “Chunnel”,a tunnel（隧道）connecting England and France, is now complete.But what about underground cities? Japan’s T aisei Corporation is designing a network of underground systems, called “Alice Cities.”The designers imagine using surface space for public parks and using underground space for flats, offices, shopping, and so on. A solar dome（太阳能穹顶）would cover the whole city.Supporters of underground development say that buildingdown rather than building up is a good way to use the earth’s space. The surface, they say, can be used for farms, parks, gardens, and wilderness. H. G. Wells’“moon people” would agree. Would you?1. The explorers in H. G. Wells’story were surprised to find that the “moon people”________.A. knew so much about the earthB. understood their languageC. live in so many underground citiesD. were ahead of them in space technology2. What does the underlined word “it” (Paragraph 2) refer to?A. Discoverin g the moon’s inner space.B. Using the earth’s inner space.C. Meeting the“moon people”again.D. Traveling to outer space.3. What sort of underground systems are already here with us?A. Offices, shopping areas, power stations.B. Tunnels, car parks, shopping areas.C. Gardens, car parks, power stations.D. Tunnels, gardens, offices.4. What would be the best title for the text?A. Alice Cities—cities of the futureB. Space travel with H. G. WellsC. Enjoy living undergroundD. Building down, not up1. C2. B3. B4. D1. 解答本题时，可从开头段中the explorers登上月球后的发现找出线索：… they discovered that the moon was full ofunderground cities，也就是本题题干与选项C结合而成的说法：The explorers… to find that the “moon people” lived in so many underground cities。
高中英语阅读与写作训练讲义第一讲阅读能力训练：长难句分析写作指导：句子的合并Part 1: Warming-up exercise高考新题型：语法填空训练Everyone needs friends. It is nice to have a friend _______ (talk), laugh, and do things with. Surely, there are times ________we need to be alone. But we would feel lonely if we never have a friend.No two people are ________same. Sometimes friends don't get ________ well, which doesn't mean that they no longer like each other. Most of the time, they will go on being friends .Sometimes friends move away and we miss them very much, ________we can call them and write to them. Maybe we would even see them ________, and we can make new friends. It is ________ (surprise) to find out how much we like new people when we get to know them.There's more good news for people, if they have friends. ________ live longer than those people if those don't have friends. Why? It could be that they are happier. Being happy________ (help) you stay well. If someone cars about you, you take ________ (good) care of yourself.Part 2: Reading strategies在阅读中，我们经常会遇到一些长而难的句子。
长难句通常含有较多、较长的修饰成分、并列成分或从句。
长难句的丰富内容和复杂结构往往会导致理解的困难。
理解长难句的关键是了解长难句的类型，理清句子成分，抓住句子中的关键部分。
首先，让我们来回顾一下句子的五种基本结构：一、句子的基本结构1.S + V （主谓）He has come.2.S + V + P （主、系、表）Mary is a student.He looks old.3.S + V +O （主、谓、宾）I need some help.The train will arrive in Beijing.4.S + V + O +O （主、谓、宾、宾）He told us a story.= He told a story to us.5.S + V + O +C （主、谓、宾、补）Anne made her diary her best friend.Nature kept her spellbound.以上五种基本句型都属于简单句，英语中除了简单句以外，还有并形句和复合句。
二、并列句并列句：用并列连接词把两个或两个以上的简单句连接在一起的句子叫并列句。
常用的连接词如下：and, but, either…or, however, not only…but also, or, or else, so, still, yet, neither…nor.并列句的构成：简单句+ 连接词+ 简单句。
He studied hard and he passed the examination.他学习努力并通过了考试。
Let’s hurry, or we’ll be late. 咱们赶紧点，要不就迟到啦。
I have been to Beijing many times but my parents have never been there.我去过北京多次，但我父母亲从没去过。
三、复合句复合句是由两个或两个以上的有主谓结构的句子用从属连词连接起来的句子。
其中一个句子是主体，叫做主句，而其他的句子叫做从句。
从句有三种：定语从句、名词性从句和状语从句，其中名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句；而状语从句就有时间、地点、原因、条件、让步、目的、方式和比较状语从句。
请分析下列句子属于什么从句：1.I don’t know the person who is sitting there.2.What he said are not the truth.3.He thought that you were not the suitable person for the job.4.The reason is that you are not an honest person.5.The idea that we are going to have a picnic next weekend is great.6.If it rains tomorrow, we’ll put off the sports meeting till next month.7.When I was six years old, I went to Beijing with my parents.8.I was late for class this morning because I didn’t get up on time.9.You’d better hurry up so that you won’t be late for class.10.Although she is very young, she can’t also be selected as a manager in the company.四、长难句的分类1.带有较多成分的简单句（留意非谓语在句子中的作用）。
如：(1)Having been sent to destination, the man sitting besides me began to smoke, feeling extremely bored.(2)He sat in front of them, dressed in a plain, ill-fitting suit, never moving, his dusty face masking his age.2.含有多个简单句的并列句。
如：In the 1970s he was a surgeon at Yale, had a wonderful wife and five beautiful children, but he was terribly unhappy.3.含有多个从句的复合句。
如(1)I can’t live in fear of the possibility that as the earth’s population grows and we use more and more of ournonrenewable (不能再生的) resources, our children may have to lead poorer lives.(2)However, those of us who are parents of children in this age group know that such offers are relatively rare and thatmany liberal-arts students(文科生) graduate with the belief that the prospective(预期的) workplace may not have a place for them.4.含有多个插入成分的句子。
如：(1)Work, for most American and Chinese women aged 55 and under, involves responsibility for a household, a child orchildren, and a job outside the home as well.(2)We live in a time when, more than ever before in history, people are moving about.5.并列复合句。
如：(1)I have known changes for the better and changes for the worse, but I have never questioned the fact that whether Iliked it or not, change was unavoidable.(2)But we remember with far greater pain that we did not see that beauty when it flowed, that we failed to respond withlove when it was tendered.6.有省略、倒装和分隔等现象(1)Splendid is the architecture of Manhattan, the heart of the city, with its one hundred and more skyscraper.(2)If you think as much of others as of yourself, you will not make any of these mistakes.五、强化练习（一）分析下列句子（学生小组讨论部分题目，剩余部分为课后作业）1.The action group has also found acceptable paper made from materials other than wood, such as agricultural waste.(NMET2003.E篇)2.Mostly borrowed from English and Chinese, these terms are often changed into forms no longer understood bynative speakers. (NMET2003.D篇)3.It is one of many language books that are now flying off booksellers’ shelves. (NMET2003.D篇)4.Tales from Animal Hospital will delight all fans of the programme and anyone who has a lively interest in their pet,whether it be a cat, dog or snake! (NMET2003.C篇)5.Newton is shown as a gifted scientist with very human weaknesses who stood at the point in history where magicended and science began. (NMET2003.C篇)6.But for all the texts that are written, stored and sent electronically, a lot of them are still ending up on paper.(NMET2003.E篇)7.Until one day he came across two stone crosses in Ampthill park and learnt that they had been built in her honor in1773. (NMET2002.D篇)8.It is Sue Townsend’s musical play, based on her best-selling book. (NMET2002.C篇)9.Supporters of underground development say that building down rather than building up is a good way to use theearth’s space. (NMET2002.A篇)10.Whereas a woman’s closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage, it wasn’t unusualto hear a man say he didn’t know his friend’s marriage was in serious trouble until he appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa. (NMET2001.E篇)11.In general, women’s friendships with each other rest on shared emotions and support, but men’s relationships aremarked by shared activities. (NMET2001.E篇)12.Before 1066, in the land we now call Great Britain lived peoples belonging to two major language groups.(NMET2001.D篇)（二）篇章练习（做题时留意文章中的长难句，并尝试翻译划线部分的句子）The Discovery of PenicillinWhen the Great War of 1 914---1 91 8 came, Fleming became an army doctor and carried on his work in France.When a soldier is wounded in battle, it usually happens that a piece of his dirty clothing is carried deep into the wound by the bullet. The wound becomes bad or "septic"（受感染的)，and disease spreads through the body. Sometimes an arm or leg has to be cut off, or the man dies---not of the wound but from the poison in his body. This happened in thousands of cases in the Great War. Fleming knew already that disease of this kind was caused by microbes which increased very quickly. It might be possible to kill them by washing the wound in an acid, called an antiseptic; this was always done as soon as possible, but the soldiers still died in great numbers.In our blood there are red and white cells, which can only be seen under a microscope. The white cells protect us against the microbes which cause disease; if the white cells are defeated, a person becomes very ill or may die. Unfortunately, the antiseptics which killed the microbes often killed the white cells too, and this prevented the wounded soldier from getting better.After the war, Fleming went on working for years, trying to find an antiseptic which would stop microbes from growing, but which would not harm the blood-cells, so that the body could carry on its own fight against disease.One day he stopped to examine the glass dishes on which he had grown some microbes in a special liquid. Usually these little dishes were covered by glass lids. In one .dish he was surprised to notice a greenish mould (霉), rather like the fungus that collects on mouldy food. That meant that a tiny spore (or seed), too small to see, must have floated .on to the dish when the lid was off; a day or two earlier.Most people, even scientists, would have thought the dish was spoiled and washed it clean, but Fleming took a closer look and then made a careful examination. He saw that a strange thing had happened. Where the greenish mould was growing, the disease microbes had disappeared.He began to work slowly, steadily, to find out the secrets of the mysterious mould. There were failures, but presently he grew enough of the mould to make from it a clear liquid. Tests showed that it could kill microbes, or stop them growing, in both animals and human beings, without harming their white blood-cells. He called the liquid penicillin.( ) 1. Penicillin was discovered ________A. before the Great WarB. during the Great WarC. at the end of the Great WarD. some years after the Great War( ) 2. In France, during the Great War, Fleming saw that ________A. antiseptics often failed to save wounded soldiers’ lives.B. there are red and white cells in our blood.C. bad or-"septic" wounds kill microbes.D. penicillin would kill microbes.( ) 3. The word "them" in "it might be possible to kill them" refers to ________A. soldiersB. diseasesC. microbesD. thousands of cases( ) 4. White cells can ________.A. kill microbesB. be seen by eyesC. be easily defeatedD. be killed by antiseptics( ) 5. Which of these statements is true according to the passage?A. Penicillin is a kind of food.B. It took a long time to discover penicillin because it couldn't be seen.C. Fleming saw that the greenish mould had killed the disease microbes.D. Antiseptics sometimes did as much harm as good to soldiers wounded in the Great WarPart 3: Writing 合并句子的方法（一）要想写出的文章吸引人，就必须按《课程标准》的要求，尝试使用复杂句型。
