单词矩阵

复数表示特殊意思的英语单词在英语单词中，有些词汇由于含有复数形式，其含义也与单数形式不同。

这些词汇在非常应用领域中，如数学、科学、计算机科技等方面，都有所涉及，因此，对于学习这些领域的人来说，这些词汇必须了解。

一些表示特殊意义的英语单词，是在其复数形式下才有特殊的含义。

为了更好地了解这些单词，下面将逐步阐述这些特殊单词在哪些领域中应用。

1. Matrix（矩阵）在数学中，矩阵（Matrix）是由若干个数按照固定的格式排列而成的数表，它是线性代数的重要概念之一。

在英语中，“Matrix”是它的单数形式，但是当我们说到矩阵的多个形式时，我们使用“Matrices”这个词。

2. Datum（数据）数据是计算机科学领域中的关键词汇。

在计算机科学中，单个数据被称为“Data”，而多个数据则被称为“Data 'a”（Data的复数形式）。

3. Formula（公式）公式是数学领域中的重要词汇之一。

在英语中，单个公式被称为“Formula”，但多个公式同时存在时则被称为“Formulas ”。

4. Vertex（顶点）在几何学和计算机科学中，“Vertex”是表示多边形、立体图形中角点的通用术语，而当这些角点的数量大于一个时，我们使用“Vertices”这个词。

5. Fungus（真菌）在生物学和植物学领域中，“Fungus”是真菌的通用术语。

但当这些真菌的数量变成多个时，就需要使用复数形式“Fungi ”。

6. Bacterium（细菌）细菌在生物学和医学领域中是非常关键的概念。

用来表示单个细胞的术语是“Bacterium ”，但多个细胞时则使用“Bacteria ”这个复数词汇。

7. Stimulus（刺激）“Stimulus”通常用来指唤起反应或刺激神经系统的事件或物质。

当存在多个刺激时，使用“Stimuli”这个英语复数形式。

总之，以上单词的复数形式都是特殊的，因为它们在英语中才能表达其具有“多个”的概念。

应用“单词矩阵法”巧解高中英语一词多义新疆乌鲁木齐市实验学校杨琴【摘要】英语中的一词多义多性现象是普遍存在的，《普通高中英语课程标准》(实验以下简称《课程标准》）中，明确提出高中英语教学应该着重培养学生用英语获取和处理信息的能力。

而获取信息的首要条件，便是要认识、理解英语单词的含义:尤其是其在具体语境中的确切含义。

高中英语阶段,学生已经接触到了大量的一词多义，一词多义给学生的词汇记忆、语篇理解和中英文互译等方面带来了困难。

本文试图通过介绍“单词矩阵法”中的三种结构关系，来解决高中英语中的一词多义含义太多不容易识记、词义易混淆的难点。

【关键词】高中英语一词多义单词矩阵法一、一词多义是英语中的一种普遍现象，给英语学习者带来困扰。

正如语言学家David Wilkins所说的“Without grammar, very little can be co nveyed; without vocabulary, nothing can be conveyed.”在高考英语中，词汇无疑是至关重要的.而英语中的一词多义多性现象是普遍存在的,《普通高中英语课程标准》（实验）（以下简称《课程标准》）中,明确提出高中英语教学应该着重培养学生用英语获取和处理信息的能力。

而获取信息的首要条件，便是要认识、理解英语单词的含义:尤其是其在具体语境中的确切含义。

在《课程标准》中，在各级的语言技能目标的描述中,也有“能抓住所听语段中的关键词，理解话语之间的逻辑关系”、“能利用上下文和句子结构猜测词义”、“能通过上下文克服生词困难，理解语篇意义”等具体的要求。

在《课程标准》所列出的3500个单词中,有很多英文单词便存在着同一个英文单词在不同的语境中会有不同的中文意义的现象。

一词多义给学生的词汇记忆、语篇理解和中英文互译等方面带来了困难。

所谓的“一词多义”即指“即一个词具有多种意义，而且意义之间密切相关。

”举例说明：请看以下两个例句： e.g. -Why is the stadium so cool? -Because there are many fans.译文-1: - 为什么体育馆这么酷？——因为有很多的粉丝。

abbreviation简写符号；简写absolute complement绝对补集absolute error绝对误差absolute inequality绝不等式absolute maximum绝对极大值absolute minimum绝对极小值absolute monotonic绝对单调absolute value绝对值accelerate加速acceleration加速度acceleration due to gravity重力加速度; 地心加速度accumulation累积accumulative累积的accuracy准确度act on施于action作用; 作用力acute angle锐角acute-angled triangle锐角三角形add加addition加法addition formula加法公式addition law加法定律addition law(of probability)（概率）加法定律additive inverse加法逆元; 加法反元additive property可加性adjacent angle邻角adjacent side邻边adjoint matrix伴随矩阵algebra代数algebraic代数的algebraic equation代数方程algebraic expression代数式algebraic fraction代数分式；代数分数式algebraic inequality代数不等式algebraic number代数数algebraic operation代数运算algebraically closed代数封闭algorithm算法系统; 规则系统alternate angle（交）错角alternate segment内错弓形alternating series交错级数alternative hypothesis择一假设; 备择假设; 另一假设altitude高；高度；顶垂线；高线ambiguous case两义情况；二义情况amount本利和；总数analysis分析；解析analytic geometry解析几何angle角angle at the centre圆心角angle at the circumference圆周角angle between a line and a plane 直与平面的交角angle between two planes两平面的交角angle bisection角平分angle bisector 角平分线；分角线angle in the alternate segment交错弓形的圆周角angle in the same segment同弓形内的圆周角angle of depression俯角angle of elevation仰角angle of friction静摩擦角; 极限角angle of greatest slope最大斜率的角angle of inclination倾斜角angle of intersection相交角；交角angle of projection投射角angle of rotation旋转角angle of the sector扇形角angle sum of a triangle三角形内角和angles at a point同顶角angular displacement角移位angular momentum角动量angular motion角运动angular velocity角速度annum(X% per annum)年（年利率X%）anti-clockwise direction逆时针方向；返时针方向anti-clockwise moment逆时针力矩anti-derivative反导数; 反微商anti-logarithm逆对数；反对数anti-symmetric反对称apex顶点approach接近；趋近approximate value近似值approximation近似；略计；逼近Arabic system阿刺伯数字系统arbitrary任意arbitrary constant任意常数arc弧arc length弧长arc-cosine function反余弦函数arc-sin function反正弦函数arc-tangent function反正切函数area面积Argand diagram阿根图, 阿氏图argument(1)论证; (2)辐角argument of a complex number复数的辐角argument of a function函数的自变量arithmetic算术arithmetic mean算术平均；等差中顶；算术中顶arithmetic progression算术级数；等差级数arithmetic sequence等差序列arithmetic series等差级数arm边array数组; 数组arrow前号ascending order递升序ascending powers of XX 的升幂assertion断语; 断定associative law结合律assumed mean假定平均数assumption假定；假设asymmetrical非对称asymptote 渐近asymptotic error constant渐近误差常数at rest静止augmented matrix增广矩阵auxiliary angle辅助角auxiliary circle辅助圆auxiliary equation辅助方程average平均；平均数；平均值average speed平均速率axiom公理axiom of existence存在公理axiom of extension延伸公理axiom of inclusion包含公理axiom of pairing配对公理axiom of power幂集公理axiom of specification分类公理axiomatic theory of probability概率公理论axis轴axis of parabola抛物线的轴axis of revolution旋转轴axis of rotation旋转轴axis of symmetry对称轴back substitution回代bar chart棒形图；条线图；条形图；线条图base（1）底；（2）基；基数base angle底角base area底面base line 底线base number底数；基数base of logarithm对数的底basis基Bayes′ theorem贝叶斯定理bearing方位（角）；角方向（角）bell-shaped curve钟形图belong to属于Bernoulli distribution伯努利分布Bernoulli trials伯努利试验bias偏差；偏倚biconditional双修件式; 双修件句bijection对射; 双射; 单满射bijective function对射函数; 只射函数billion十亿bimodal distribution双峰分布binary number二进数binary operation二元运算binary scale二进法binary system二进制binomial二项式binomial distribution二项分布binomial expression二项式binomial series二项级数binomial theorem二项式定理bisect平分；等分bisection method分半法；分半方法bisector 等分线；平分线Boolean algebra布尔代数boundary condition边界条件boundary line界（线）；边界bounded有界的bounded above有上界的；上有界的bounded below有下界的；下有界的bounded function有界函数bounded sequence有界序列brace大括号bracket括号breadth阔度broken line graph折线图calculation计算calculator计算器；计算器calculus(1) 微积分学; (2) 演算cancel消法；相消canellation law消去律canonical典型; 标准capacity容量cardioid 心脏Cartesian coordinates笛卡儿坐标Cartesian equation笛卡儿方程Cartesian plane笛卡儿平面Cartesian product笛卡儿积category类型；范畴catenary 悬链Cauchy sequence柯西序列Cauchy′s principal value柯西主值Cauchy-Schwarz inequality柯西- 许瓦尔兹不等式central limit theorem中心极限定理central line 中线central tendency集中趋centre中心；心centre of a circle圆心centre of gravity重心centre of mass质量中心centrifugal force离心力centripedal acceleration向心加速度centripedal force force向心力centroid形心；距心certain event必然事件chain rule链式法则chance机会change of axes坐标轴的变换change of base基的变换change of coordinates坐标轴的变换change of subject主项变换change of variable换元；变量的换characteristic equation特征(征)方程characteristic function特征(征)函数characteristic of logarithm对数的首数; 对数的定位部characteristic root特征(征)根chart图；图表check digit检验数位checking验算chord弦chord of contact切点弦circle圆circular圆形；圆的circular function圆函数；三角函数circular measure弧度法circular motion圆周运动circular permutation环形排列; 圆形排列; 循环排列circumcentre外心；外接圆心circumcircle外接圆circumference圆周circumradius外接圆半径circumscribed circle外接圆cissoid 蔓叶class区；组；类class boundary组界class interval组区间；组距class limit组限；区限class mark组中点；区中点classical theory of probability古典概率论classification分类clnometer测斜仪clockwise direction顺时针方向clockwise moment顺时针力矩closed convex region闭凸区域closed interval闭区间coaxial共轴coaxial circles共轴圆coaxial system共轴系coded data编码数据coding method编码法co-domain上域coefficient系数coefficient of friction摩擦系数coefficient of restitution碰撞系数; 恢复系数coefficient of variation变差系数cofactor余因子; 余因式cofactor matrix列矩阵coincide迭合；重合collection of terms并项collinear 共线collinear planes共线面collision碰撞column(1)列；纵行；(2) 柱column matrix列矩阵column vector列向量combination组合common chord公弦common denominator同分母；公分母common difference公差common divisor公约数；公约common factor公因子；公因子common logarithm常用对数common multiple公位数；公倍common ratio公比common tangent 公切commutative law交换律comparable可比较的compass罗盘compass bearing罗盘方位角compasses圆规compasses construction圆规作图compatible可相容的complement余；补余complement law补余律complementary angle余角complementary equation补充方程complementary event互补事件complementary function余函数complementary probability互补概率complete oscillation全振动completing the square配方complex conjugate复共轭complex number复数complex unmber plane复数平面complex root复数根component分量component of force分力composite function复合函数; 合成函数composite number复合数；合成数composition of mappings映射构合composition of relations复合关系compound angle复角compound angle formula复角公式compound bar chart综合棒形图compound discount复折扣compound interest复利；复利息compound probability合成概率compound statement复合命题; 复合叙述computation计算computer计算机；电子计算器concave凹concave downward凹向下的concave polygon凹多边形concave upward凹向上的concentric circles同心圆concept概念conclusion结论concurrent共点concyclic共圆concyclic points共圆点condition条件conditional条件句；条件式conditional identity条件恒等式conditional inequality条件不等式conditional probability条件概率cone锥；圆锥（体）confidence coefficient置信系数confidence interval置信区间confidence level置信水平confidence limit置信极限confocal section 共焦圆锥曲congruence(1)全等；(2)同余congruence class同余类congruent全等congruent figures全等图形congruent triangles全等三角形conic 二次曲; 圆锥曲conic section 二次曲; 圆锥曲conical pendulum圆锥摆conjecture猜想conjugate共轭conjugate axis共轭conjugate diameters共轭轴conjugate hyperbola共轭(直)径conjugate imaginary / complex number共轭双曲conjugate radical共轭虚/复数conjugate surd共轭根式; 共轭不尽根conjunction合取connective连词connector box捙接框consecutive integers连续整数consecutive numbers连续数；相邻数consequence结论；推论consequent条件；后项conservation of energy能量守恒conservation of momentum动量守恒conserved守恒consistency condition相容条件consistent一贯的；相容的consistent estimator相容估计量constant常数constant acceleration恒加速度constant force恒力constant of integration积分常数constant speed恒速率constant term常项constant velocity怛速度constraint约束；约束条件construct作construction作图construction of equation方程的设立continued proportion连比例continued ratio连比continuity连续性continuity correction连续校正continuous连续的continuous data连续数据continuous function连续函数continuous proportion连续比例continuous random variable连续随机变量contradiction矛盾converge收敛convergence收敛性convergent收敛的convergent iteration收敛的迭代convergent sequence收敛序列convergent series收敛级数converse逆(定理)converse of a relation逆关系converse theorem逆定理conversion转换convex凸convex polygon凸多边形convexity凸性coordinate坐标coordinate geometry解析几何；坐标几何coordinate system坐标系系定理；系；推论coplanar共面coplanar forces共面力coplanar lines 共面co-prime互质; 互素corollary系定理; 系; 推论correct to准确至；取值至correlation相关correlation coefficient相关系数correspondence对应corresponding angles(1)同位角；(2)对应角corresponding element对应边corresponding sides对应边cosecant余割cosine余弦cosine formula余弦公式cost price成本cotangent余切countable可数countable set可数集countably infinite可数无限counter clockwise direction逆时针方向；返时针方向counter example反例counting数数；计数couple力偶Carmer′s rule克莱玛法则criterion准则critical point临界点critical region临界域cirtical value临界值cross-multiplication交叉相乘cross-section横切面；横截面；截痕cube正方体；立方；立方体cube root立方根cubic三次方；立方；三次(的)cubic equation三次方程cubic roots of unity单位的立方根cuboid长方体；矩体cumulative累积的cumulative distribution function累积分布函数cumulative frequecy累积频数；累积频率cumulative frequency curve 累积频数曲cumulative frequcncy distribution累积频数分布cumulative frequency polygon累积频数多边形；累积频率直方图curvature of a curve曲线的曲率curve 曲线curve sketching曲线描绘(法)curve tracing曲线描迹(法)curved line 曲线curved surface曲面curved surface area曲面面积cyclic expression输换式cyclic permutation圆形排列cyclic quadrilateral圆内接四边形cycloid旋输线; 摆线cylinder柱；圆柱体cylindrical圆柱形的damped oscillation阻尼振动data数据De Moivre′s theorem棣美弗定理De Morgan′s law德摩根律decagon十边形decay衰变decay factor衰变因子decelerate减速decelaration减速度decile十分位数decimal小数decimal place小数位decimal point小数点decimal system十进制decision box判定框declarative sentence说明语句declarative statement说明命题decoding译码decrease递减decreasing function递减函数；下降函数decreasing sequence递减序列；下降序列decreasing series递减级数；下降级数decrement减量deduce演绎deduction推论deductive reasoning演绎推理definite确定的；定的definite integral定积分definition定义degenerated conic section降级锥曲线degree(1) 度; (2) 次degree of a polynomial多项式的次数degree of accuracy准确度degree of confidence置信度degree of freedom自由度degree of ODE常微分方程次数degree of precision精确度delete删除; 删去denary number十进数denominator分母dependence(1)相关; (2)应变dependent event(s)相关事件; 相依事件; 从属事件dependent variable应变量; 应变数depreciation折旧derivable可导derivative导数derived curve导函数曲线derived function导函数derived statistics推算统计资料; 派生统计资料descending order递降序descending powers of xx的降序descriptive statistics描述统计学detached coefficients分离系数(法) determinant行列式deviation偏差; 变差deviation from the mean离均差diagonal对角线diagonal matrix对角矩阵diagram图; 图表diameter直径diameter of a conic二次曲线的直径difference差difference equation差分方程difference of sets差集differentiable可微分differential coefficient微商; 微分系数differential equation微分方程differential mean value theorem微分中值定理differentiate求...的导数differentiate from first principle从基本原理求导数differentiation微分法digit数字dimension量; 量网; 维(数)direct impact直接碰撞direct image直接像direct proportion正比例direct tax, direct taxation直接税direct variation正变(分)directed angle有向角directed line有向直线directed line segment有向线段directed number有向数direction方向; 方位direction angle方向角direction cosine方向余弦direction number方向数direction ratio方向比directrix准线Dirichlet function狄利克来函数discontinuity不连续性discontinuous间断(的);连续(的); 不连续(的) discontinuous point不连续点discount折扣discrete分立; 离散discrete data离散数据; 间断数据discrete random variable间断随机变数discrete uniform distribution离散均匀分布discriminant判别式disjoint不相交的disjoint sets不相交的集disjunction析取dispersion离差displacement位移disprove反证distance距离distance formula距离公式distinct roots相异根distincr solution相异解distribution公布distributive law分配律diverge发散divergence发散(性)divergent发散的divergent iteration发散性迭代divergent sequence发散序列divergent series发散级数divide除dividend(1)被除数；(2)股息divisible可整除division除法division algorithm除法算式divisor除数；除式；因子divisor of zero零因子dodecagon十二边形domain定义域dot点dot product点积double angle二倍角double angle formula二倍角公式double root二重根dual对偶duality(1)对偶性; (2) 双重性due east/ south/ west /north向东/ 南/ 西/ 北dynamics动力学eccentric angle离心角eccentric circles离心圆eccentricity离心率echelon form梯阵式echelon matrix梯矩阵edge棱；边efficient estimator有效估计量effort施力eigenvalue本征值eigenvector本征向量elastic body弹性体elastic collision弹性碰撞elastic constant弹性常数elastic force弹力elasticity弹性element元素elementary event基本事件elementary function初等函数elementary row operation基本行运算elimination消法elimination method消去法；消元法ellipse椭圆ellipsiod椭球体elliptic function椭圆函数elongation伸张；展empirical data实验数据empirical formula实验公式empirical probability实验概率；经验概率empty set空集encoding编码enclosure界限end point端点energy能; 能量entire surd整方根epicycloid外摆线equal相等equal ratios theorem等比定理equal roots等根equal sets等集equality等(式)equality sign等号equation方程equation in one unknown一元方程equation in two unknowns？(variables)二元方程equation of a straight line直线方程equation of locus轨迹方程equiangular等角(的)equidistant等距(的)equilateral等边(的)equilateral polygon等边多边形equilateral triangle等边三角形equilibrium平衡equiprobable等概率的equiprobable space等概率空间equivalence等价equivalence class等价类equivalence relation等价关系equivalent等价(的)error误差error allowance误差宽容度error estimate误差估计error term误差项error tolerance误差宽容度escribed circle旁切圆estimate估计；估计量estimator估计量Euclidean algorithm欧几里德算法Euclidean geometry欧几里德几何Euler′s formula尤拉公式；欧拉公式evaluate计值even function偶函数even number偶数evenly distributed均匀分布的event事件exact真确exact differential form恰当微分形式exact solution准确解；精确解；真确解exact value法确解；精确解；真确解example例excentre外心exception例外excess起exclusive不包含exclusive disjunction不包含性析取exclusive events互斥事件exercise练习exhaustive event(s)彻底事件existential quantifier存在量词expand展开expand form展开式expansion展式expectation期望expectation value, expected value期望值；预期值experiment实验；试验experimental试验的experimental probability实验概率explicit function显函数exponent指数exponential function指数函数exponential order指数阶; 指数级express…in terms of…以………表达expression式；数式extension外延；延长；扩张；扩充extension of a function函数的扩张exterior angle外角external angle bisector 外分角external point of division外分点extreme point极值点extreme value极值extremum极值face面factor因子；因式；商factor method因式分解法factor theorem因子定理；因式定理factorial阶乘factorization因子分解；因式分解factorization of polynomial多项式因式分解fallacy谬误FALSE假(的)falsehood假值family族family of circles圆族family of concentric circles同心圆族family of straight lines直线族feasible solution可行解；容许解Fermat′s last theorem费尔马最后定理Fibonacci number斐波那契数；黄金分割数Fibonacci sequence斐波那契序列fictitious mean假定平均数figure(1)图(形)；(2)数字final velocity末速度finite有限finite dimensional vector space有限维向量空间finite population有限总体finite probability space有限概率空间finite sequence有限序列finite series有限级数finite set有限集first approximation首近似值first derivative一阶导数first order differential equation一阶微分方程first projection第一投影; 第一射影first quartile第一四分位数first term首项fixed deposit定期存款fixed point定点fixed point iteration method定点迭代法fixed pulley定滑轮flow chart流程图focal axis焦轴focal chord焦弦focal length焦距focus(foci)焦点folium of Descartes笛卡儿叶形线foot of perpendicular垂足for all X对所有Xfor each /every X对每一Xforce力forced oscillation受迫振动form形式；型formal proof形式化的证明format格式；规格formula(formulae)公式four leaved rose curve四瓣玫瑰线four rules四则four-figure table四位数表fourth root四次方根fraction分数；分式fraction in lowest term最简分数fractional equation分式方程fractional index分数指数fractional inequality分式不等式free fall自由下坠free vector自由向量; 自由矢量frequency频数；频率frequency distribution频数分布；频率分布frequency distribution table频数分布表frequency polygon频数多边形；频率多边形friction摩擦; 摩擦力frictionless motion无摩擦运动frustum平截头体fulcrum支点function函数function of function复合函数；迭函数functional notation函数记号fundamental theorem of algebra代数基本定理fundamental theorem of calculus微积分基本定理gain增益；赚；盈利gain perent赚率；增益率；盈利百分率game（1）对策；（2）博奕Gaussian distribution高斯分布Gaussian elimination高斯消去法general form一般式；通式general solution通解；一般解general term通项generating function母函数; 生成函数generator(1)母线; (2)生成元geoborad几何板geometric distribution几何分布geometric mean几何平均数；等比中项geometric progression几何级数；等比级数geometric sequence等比序列geometric series等比级数geometry几何；几何学given给定；已知global全局; 整体global maximum全局极大值; 整体极大值global minimum全局极小值; 整体极小值golden section黄金分割grade等级gradient(1)斜率；倾斜率；(2)梯度grand total总计graph图像；图形；图表graph paper图表纸graphical method图解法graphical representation图示；以图样表达graphical solution图解gravitational acceleration重力加速度gravity重力greatest term最大项greatest value最大值grid lines网网格线group 组；grouped data分组数据；分类数据grouping terms并项；集项growth增长growth factor增长因子half angle半角half angle formula半角公式half closed interval半闭区间half open interval半开区间harmonic mean(1) 调和平均数; (2) 调和中项harmonic progression调和级数head正面（钱币）height高（度）helix螺旋线hemisphere半球体；半球heptagon七边形Heron′s formula希罗公式heterogeneous(1)参差的; (2)不纯一的hexagon六边形higher order derivative高阶导数highest common factor最大公因子；最高公因式；最高公因子Hindu-Arabic numeral阿刺伯数字histogram组织图；直方图；矩形图Holder′s Inequality赫耳德不等式homogeneous齐次的homogeneous equation齐次方程Hooke′s law虎克定律horizontal水平的；水平horizontal asymptote水平渐近线horizontal component水平分量horizontal line 横线；水平线horizontal range水平射程hyperbola 双曲线hyperbolic function双曲函数hypergeometric distribution超几何分布hypocycloid内摆线hypotenuse斜边hypothesis假设hypothesis testing假设检验hypothetical syllogism假设三段论hypotrochoid次内摆线idempotent全幂等的identical全等；恒等identity等（式）identity element单位元identity law同一律identity mapping恒等映射identity matrix恒等矩阵identity relation恒等关系式if and only if/iff当且仅当；若且仅若if…, then若….则；如果…..则illustration例证；说明image像点；像image axis虚轴imaginary circle虚圆imaginary number虚数imaginary part虚部imaginary root虚根imaginary unit虚数单位impact碰撞implication蕴涵式；蕴含式implicit definition隐定义implicit function隐函数imply蕴涵；蕴含impossible event不可能事件improper fraction假分数improper integral广义积分; 非正常积分impulse冲量impulsive force冲力incentre内力incircle内切圆inclination倾角；斜角inclined plane斜面included angle夹角included side夹边inclusion mapping包含映射inclusive包含的；可兼的inclusive disjunction包含性析取；可兼析取inconsistent不相的(的)；不一致(的) increase递增；增加increasing function递增函数increasing sequence递增序列increasing series递增级数increment增量indefinite integral不定积分idenfinite integration不定积分法independence独立；自变independent equations独立方程independent event独立事件independent variable自变量；独立变量indeterminate(1)不定的；(2)不定元；未定元indeterminate coefficient不定系数；未定系数indeterminate form待定型；不定型index,indices指数；指index notation指数记数法induced operation诱导运算induction hypothesis归纳法假设inelastic collision非弹性碰撞inequality不等式；不等inequality sign不等号inertia惯性；惯量infer推断inference推论infinite无限；无穷infinite dimensional无限维infinite population无限总体infinite sequence无限序列；无穷序列infinite series无限级数；无穷级数infinitely many无穷多infinitesimal无限小；无穷小infinity无限(大)；无穷(大)inflection (inflexion) point拐点；转折点inherent error固有误差initial approximation初始近似值initial condition原始条件；初值条件initial point始点；起点initial side始边initial value初值；始值initial velocity初速度initial-value problem初值问题injection内射injective function内射函数inner product内积input输入input box输入inscribed circle内切圆insertion插入insertion of brackets加括号instantaneous瞬时的instantaneous acceleration瞬时加速度instantaneous speed瞬时速率instantaneous velocity瞬时速度integer整数integrable可积integrable function可积函数integral积分integral index整数指数integral mean value theorem积数指数integral part整数部份integral solution整数解integral value整数值integrand被积函数integrate积；积分；......的积分integrating factor积分因子integration积分法integration by parts分部积分法integration by substitution代换积分法；换元积分法integration constant积分常数interaction相互作用intercept截距；截段intercept form截距式intercept theorem截线定理interchange互换interest利息interest rate利率interest tax利息税interior angle内角interior angles on the same side of the transversal同旁内角interior opposite angle内对角intermediate value theorem介值定理internal bisector 内分角internal division内分割internal energy内能internal force内力internal point of division内分点interpolating polynomial插值多项式interpolation插值inter-quartile range四分位数间距intersect相交intersection(1)交集；(2)相交；(3)交点interval区间interval estimation区间估计；区域估计intuition直观invalid失效；无效invariance不变性invariant(1)不变的；(2)不变量；不变式inverse反的；逆的inverse circular function反三角函数inverse cosine function反余弦函数inverse function反函数；逆函数inverse cosine function反三角函数inverse function反函数；逆映射inverse mapping反向映射；逆映射inverse matrix逆矩阵inverse problem逆算问题inverse proportion反比例；逆比例inverse relation逆关系inverse sine function反正弦函数inverse tangent function反正切函数inverse variation反变(分)；逆变(分) invertible可逆的invertible matrix可逆矩阵irrational equation无理方程irrational number无理数irreducibility不可约性irregular不规则isomorphism同构isosceles triangle等腰三角形iterate(1)迭代值; (2)迭代iteration迭代iteration form迭代形iterative function迭代函数iterative method迭代法jet propulsion喷气推进joint variation联变(分)；连变(分)kinetic energy动能kinetic friction动摩擦known己知末项L′Hospital′s rule洛必达法则Lagrange interpolating polynomial拉格朗日插值多项代Lagrange theorem拉格朗日定理Lami′s law拉密定律Laplace expansion拉普拉斯展式last term末项latent root本征根; 首通径lattice point格点latus rectum正焦弦; 首通径law律；定律law of conservation of momentum动量守恒定律law of indices指数律；指数定律law of inference推论律law of trichotomy三分律leading coefficient首项系数leading diagonal主对角线least common multiple, lowest common multiple 最小公倍数；最低公倍式least value最小值left hand limit左方极限lemma引理lemniscate双纽线length长(度)letter文字；字母like surd同类根式like terms同类项limacon蜗牛线limit极限limit of sequence序列的极限limiting case极限情况limiting friction最大静摩擦limiting position极限位置line线；行line of action作用力线line of best-fit 最佳拟合line of greatest slope 最大斜率的直；最大斜率line of intersection 交线line segment线段linear线性；一次linear convergence线性收敛性linear differeantial equation线性微分方程linear equation线性方程；一次方程linear equation in two unknowns二元一次方程；二元线性方程linear inequality一次不等式；线性不等式linear momentum线动量linear programming线性规划linearly dependent线性相关的linearly independent线性无关的literal coefficient文字系数literal equation文字方程load负荷loaded coin不公正钱币loaded die不公正骰子local maximum局部极大(值)local minimum局部极小(值)locus, loci轨迹logarithm对数logarithmic equation对数方程logarithmic function对数函数logic逻辑logical deduction逻辑推论；逻辑推理logical step逻辑步骤long division method长除法loop回路loss赔本；亏蚀loss per cent赔率；亏蚀百分率lower bound下界lower limit下限lower quartile下四分位数lower sum下和lower triangular matrix下三角形矩阵lowest common multiple最小公倍数machine机械Maclaurin expansion麦克劳林展开式Maclaurin series麦克劳林级数magnitude量；数量；长度；大小major arc优弧；大弧major axis长轴major sector优扇形；大扇形major segment优弓形；大弓形mantissa尾数mantissa of logarithm对数的尾数；对数的定值部many to one多个对一个many-sided figure多边形many-valued多值的map into映入map onto映上mapping映射marked price标价Markov chain马可夫链mass质量mathematical analysis数学分析mathematical induction数学归纳法mathematical sentence数句mathematics数学matrix阵; 矩阵matrix addition矩阵加法matrix equation矩阵方程matrix multiplication矩阵乘法matrix operation矩阵运算maximize极大maximum absolute error最大绝对误差maximum point极大点maximum value极大值mean平均(值)；平均数；中数mean deviation中均差；平均偏差mean value theorem中值定理measure of dispersion离差的量度measurement量度mechanical energy机械能median(1)中位数；(2)中线meet相交；相遇mensuration计量；求积法method方法method of completing square配方法method of interpolation插值法; 内插法method of least squares最小二乘法; 最小平方法method of substitution代换法；换元法method of successive substitution逐次代换法; 逐次调替法method of superposition迭合法metric unit十进制单位mid-point中点mid-point formula中点公式mid-point theorem中点定理million百万minimize极小minimum point极小点minimum value极小值Minkowski Inequality闵可夫斯基不等式minor(1)子行列式；(2)劣；较小的minor arc劣弧；小弧minor axis短轴minor of a determinant子行列式minor sector劣扇形；小扇形minor segment劣弓形；小弓形minus减minute分mixed number(fraction)带分数modal class众数组mode众数model模型modulo(1)模; 模数; (2)同余modulo arithmetic同余算术modulus模; 模数modulus of a complex number复数的模modulus of elasticity弹性模(数)moment arm(1)矩臂; (2)力臂moment of a force力矩moment of inertia贯性矩momentum动量monomial单项式monotone单调monotonic convergence单调收敛性monotonic decreasing单调递减monotonic decreasing function单调递减函数monotonic function单调函数monotonic increasing单调递增monotonic increasing function单调递增函数motion运动movable pulley动滑轮multinomial多项式multiple倍数multiple angle倍角multiple-angle formula倍角公式multiple root多重根multiplicand被乘数multiplication乘法multiplication law (of probability)(概率)乘法定律multiplicative inverse乘法逆元multiplicative property可乘性multiplicity重数multiplier乘数；乘式multiply乘multi-value多值的mulually disjoint互不相交mutually exclusive events互斥事件mutually independent独立; 互相独立mutually perpendicular lines 互相垂直n factorialn阶乘n th derivativen阶导数n th rootn次根；n次方根n the root of unity单位的n次根Napierian logarithm纳皮尔对数; 自然对数natural logarithm自然对数natural number自然数natural surjection自然满射necessary and sufficient condition充要条件necessary condition必要条件negation否定式negative负negative angle负角negative binomial distribution负二项式分布negative index负指数negative integer负整数negative number负数negative vector负向量; 负矢量neighborhood邻域net净(值)net force净力Newton-Cote′s rule牛顿- 高斯法则Newton-Raph son′s method牛顿- 纳逊方法Newton′s formula牛顿公式Newton′s law of motion牛顿运动定律Newton′s method牛顿方法n-gonn边形nonagon九边形non-collinear 不共线non-commutative非交换的non-linear非线性non-linear equation非线性方程non-negative非负的non-reflexive非自反的non-singular(1)满秩的; (2)非奇异的non-singular matrix满秩矩阵non-transitive非可递的non-trivial非平凡的non-zero非零norm模方; 范数normal(1)垂直的；正交的；法线的(2)正态的(3)正常的；正规的normal curve 正态分布曲；常庇分布曲；正规曲；正庇曲normal distribution正态分布，常态分布normal form法线式normal reaction反向法作用力normal to curve曲线的法线normal vector法向量normalize正规化normalized form标准型notation记法；记号null零; 空null hypothesis零假设; 虚假设null set空集null vector零向量number数number line 数线number pair数偶number pattern数型number plane数平面number system数系numeral数字；数码numeral system记数系统numerator分子numerical数值的；数字的numerical analysis数字分析numerical expression数字式numerical integration数值积分法numerical method计算方法；数值法objective function目标函数oblique斜的oblique asymptote斜渐近线oblique cone斜圆锥oblique impact斜向碰撞oblique triangle斜三角形obtuse angle钝角obtuse-angled triangle钝角三角形octagon八边形octahedron八面体octant卦限odd function奇函数odd number奇数one-to-many一个对多个。

abbreviation 简写符号；简写absolute complement 绝对补集absolute error 绝对误差absolute inequality 绝不等式absolute maximum 绝对极大值absolute minimum 绝对极小值absolute monotonic 绝对单调absolute value 绝对值accelerate 加速acceleration 加速度acceleration due to gravity 重力加速度; 地心加速度accumulation 累积accumulative 累积的accuracy 准确度act on 施于action 作用; 作用力acute angle 锐角acute-angled triangle 锐角三角形add 加addition 加法addition formula 加法公式addition law 加法定律addition law(of probability) （概率）加法定律additive inverse 加法逆元; 加法反元additive property 可加性adjacent angle 邻角adjacent side 邻边adjoint matrix 伴随矩阵algebra 代数algebraic 代数的algebraic equation 代数方程algebraic expression 代数式algebraic fraction 代数分式；代数分数式algebraic inequality 代数不等式algebraic number 代数数algebraic operation 代数运算algebraically closed 代数封闭algorithm 算法系统; 规则系统alternate angle （交）错角alternate segment 内错弓形alternating series 交错级数alternative hypothesis 择一假设; 备择假设; 另一假设altitude 高；高度；顶垂线；高线ambiguous case 两义情况；二义情况amount 本利和；总数analysis 分析；解析analytic geometry 解析几何angle 角angle at the centre 圆心角angle at the circumference 圆周角angle between a line and a plane 直与平面的交角angle between two planes 两平面的交角angle bisection 角平分angle bisector 角平分线；分角线angle in the alternate segment 交错弓形的圆周角angle in the same segment 同弓形内的圆周角angle of depression 俯角angle of elevation 仰角angle of friction 静摩擦角; 极限角angle of greatest slope 最大斜率的角angle of inclination 倾斜角angle of intersection 相交角；交角angle of projection 投射角angle of rotation 旋转角angle of the sector 扇形角angle sum of a triangle 三角形内角和angles at a point 同顶角angular displacement 角移位angular momentum 角动量angular motion 角运动angular velocity 角速度annum(X% per annum) 年（年利率X%）anti-clockwise direction 逆时针方向；返时针方向anti-clockwise moment 逆时针力矩anti-derivative 反导数; 反微商anti-logarithm 逆对数；反对数anti-symmetric 反对称apex 顶点approach 接近；趋近approximate value 近似值approximation 近似；略计；逼近精选文库Arabic system 阿刺伯数字系统arbitrary 任意arbitrary constant 任意常数arc 弧arc length 弧长arc-cosine function 反余弦函数arc-sin function 反正弦函数arc-tangent function 反正切函数area 面积Argand diagram 阿根图, 阿氏图argument (1)论证; (2)辐角argument of a complex number 复数的辐角argument of a function 函数的自变量arithmetic 算术arithmetic mean 算术平均；等差中顶；算术中顶arithmetic progression 算术级数；等差级数arithmetic sequence 等差序列arithmetic series 等差级数arm 边array 数组; 数组arrow 前号ascending order 递升序ascending powers of X X 的升幂assertion 断语; 断定associative law 结合律assumed mean 假定平均数assumption 假定；假设asymmetrical 非对称asymptote 渐近asymptotic error constant 渐近误差常数at rest 静止augmented matrix 增广矩阵auxiliary angle 辅助角auxiliary circle 辅助圆auxiliary equation 辅助方程average 平均；平均数；平均值average speed 平均速率axiom 公理axiom of existence 存在公理axiom of extension 延伸公理axiom of inclusion 包含公理axiom of pairing 配对公理axiom of power 幂集公理axiom of specification 分类公理axiomatic theory of probability 概率公理论axis 轴axis of parabola 拋物线的轴axis of revolution 旋转轴axis of rotation 旋转轴axis of symmetry 对称轴back substitution 回代bar chart 棒形图；条线图；条形图；线条图base （1）底；（2）基；基数base angle 底角base area 底面base line 底线base number 底数；基数base of logarithm 对数的底basis 基Bayes´ theorem 贝叶斯定理bearing 方位（角）；角方向（角）bell-shaped curve 钟形图belong to 属于Bernoulli distribution 伯努利分布Bernoulli trials 伯努利试验bias 偏差；偏倚biconditional 双修件式; 双修件句bijection 对射; 双射; 单满射bijective function 对射函数; 只射函数billion 十亿bimodal distribution 双峰分布binary number 二进数binary operation 二元运算binary scale 二进法binary system 二进制binomial 二项式binomial distribution 二项分布binomial expression 二项式binomial series 二项级数binomial theorem 二项式定理bisect 平分；等分bisection method 分半法；分半方法bisector 等分线；平分线Boolean algebra 布尔代数boundary condition 边界条件boundary line 界（线）；边界bounded 有界的精选文库bounded above 有上界的；上有界的bounded below 有下界的；下有界的bounded function 有界函数bounded sequence 有界序列brace 大括号bracket 括号breadth 阔度broken line graph 折线图calculation 计算calculator 计算器；计算器calculus (1) 微积分学; (2) 演算cancel 消法；相消canellation law 消去律canonical 典型; 标准capacity 容量cardioid 心脏Cartesian coordinates 笛卡儿坐标Cartesian equation 笛卡儿方程Cartesian plane 笛卡儿平面Cartesian product 笛卡儿积category 类型；范畴catenary 悬链Cauchy sequence 柯西序列Cauchy´s principal value 柯西主值Cauchy-Schwarz inequality 柯西- 许瓦尔兹不等式central limit theorem 中心极限定理central line 中线central tendency 集中趋centre 中心；心centre of a circle 圆心centre of gravity 重心centre of mass 质量中心centrifugal force 离心力centripedal acceleration 向心加速度centripedal force force 向心力centroid 形心；距心certain event 必然事件chain rule 链式法则chance 机会change of axes 坐标轴的变换change of base 基的变换change of coordinates 坐标轴的变换change of subject 主项变换change of variable 换元；变量的换characteristic equation 特征(征)方程characteristic function 特征(征)函数characteristic of logarithm 对数的首数; 对数的定位部characteristic root 特征(征)根chart 图；图表check digit 检验数位checking 验算chord 弦chord of contact 切点弦circle 圆circular 圆形；圆的circular function 圆函数；三角函数circular measure 弧度法circular motion 圆周运动circular permutation 环形排列; 圆形排列; 循环排列circumcentre 外心；外接圆心circumcircle 外接圆circumference 圆周circumradius 外接圆半径circumscribed circle 外接圆cissoid 蔓叶class 区；组；类class boundary 组界class interval 组区间；组距class limit 组限；区限class mark 组中点；区中点classical theory of probability 古典概率论classification 分类clnometer 测斜仪clockwise direction 顺时针方向clockwise moment 顺时针力矩closed convex region 闭凸区域closed interval 闭区间coaxial 共轴coaxial circles 共轴圆coaxial system 共轴系coded data 编码数据coding method 编码法co-domain 上域coefficient 系数coefficient of friction 摩擦系数精选文库coefficient of restitution 碰撞系数; 恢复系数coefficient of variation 变差系数cofactor 余因子; 余因式cofactor matrix 列矩阵coincide 迭合；重合collection of terms 并项collinear 共线collinear planes 共线面collision 碰撞column (1)列；纵行；(2) 柱column matrix 列矩阵column vector 列向量combination 组合common chord 公弦common denominator 同分母；公分母common difference 公差common divisor 公约数；公约common factor 公因子；公因子common logarithm 常用对数common multiple 公位数；公倍common ratio 公比common tangent 公切commutative law 交换律comparable 可比较的compass 罗盘compass bearing 罗盘方位角compasses 圆规compasses construction 圆规作图compatible 可相容的complement 余；补余complement law 补余律complementary angle 余角complementary equation 补充方程complementary event 互补事件complementary function 余函数complementary probability 互补概率complete oscillation 全振动completing the square 配方complex conjugate 复共轭complex number 复数complex unmber plane 复数平面complex root 复数根component 分量component of force 分力composite function 复合函数; 合成函数composite number 复合数；合成数composition of mappings 映射构合composition of relations 复合关系compound angle 复角compound angle formula 复角公式compound bar chart 综合棒形图compound discount 复折扣compound interest 复利；复利息compound probability 合成概率compound statement 复合命题; 复合叙述computation 计算computer 计算机；电子计算器concave 凹concave downward 凹向下的concave polygon 凹多边形concave upward 凹向上的concentric circles 同心圆concept 概念conclusion 结论concurrent 共点concyclic 共圆concyclic points 共圆点condition 条件conditional 条件句；条件式conditional identity 条件恒等式conditional inequality 条件不等式conditional probability 条件概率cone 锥；圆锥（体）confidence coefficient 置信系数confidence interval 置信区间confidence level 置信水平confidence limit 置信极限confocal section 共焦圆锥曲congruence (1)全等；(2)同余congruence class 同余类congruent 全等congruent figures 全等图形congruent triangles 全等三角形conic 二次曲; 圆锥曲conic section 二次曲; 圆锥曲conical pendulum 圆锥摆精选文库conjecture 猜想conjugate 共轭conjugate axis 共轭conjugate diameters 共轭轴conjugate hyperbola 共轭(直)径conjugate imaginary / complex number 共轭双曲conjugate radical 共轭虚/复数conjugate surd 共轭根式; 共轭不尽根conjunction 合取connective 连词connector box 捙接框consecutive integers 连续整数consecutive numbers 连续数；相邻数consequence 结论；推论consequent 条件；后项conservation of energy 能量守恒conservation of momentum 动量守恒conserved 守恒consistency condition 相容条件consistent 一贯的；相容的consistent estimator 相容估计量constant 常数constant acceleration 恒加速度constant force 恒力constant of integration 积分常数constant speed 恒速率constant term 常项constant velocity 怛速度constraint 约束；约束条件construct 作construction 作图construction of equation 方程的设立continued proportion 连比例continued ratio 连比continuity 连续性continuity correction 连续校正continuous 连续的continuous data 连续数据continuous function 连续函数continuous proportion 连续比例continuous random variable 连续随机变量contradiction 矛盾converge 收敛convergence 收敛性convergent 收敛的convergent iteration 收敛的迭代convergent sequence 收敛序列convergent series 收敛级数converse 逆(定理)converse of a relation 逆关系converse theorem 逆定理conversion 转换convex 凸convex polygon 凸多边形convexity 凸性coordinate 坐标coordinate geometry 解析几何；坐标几何coordinate system 坐标系系定理；系；推论coplanar 共面coplanar forces 共面力coplanar lines 共面co-prime 互质; 互素corollary 系定理; 系; 推论correct to 准确至；取值至correlation 相关correlation coefficient 相关系数correspondence 对应corresponding angles (1)同位角；(2)对应角corresponding element 对应边corresponding sides 对应边cosecant 余割cosine 余弦cosine formula 余弦公式cost price 成本cotangent 余切countable 可数countable set 可数集countably infinite 可数无限counter clockwise direction 逆时针方向；返时针方向counter example 反例counting 数数；计数couple 力偶Carmer´s rule 克莱玛法则criterion 准则critical point 临界点critical region 临界域精选文库cirtical value 临界值cross-multiplication 交叉相乘cross-section 横切面；横截面；截痕cube 正方体；立方；立方体cube root 立方根cubic 三次方；立方；三次(的)cubic equation 三次方程cubic roots of unity 单位的立方根cuboid 长方体；矩体cumulative 累积的cumulative distribution function 累积分布函数cumulative frequecy 累积频数；累积频率cumulative frequency curve 累积频数曲cumulative frequcncy distribution 累积频数分布cumulative frequency polygon 累积频数多边形；累积频率直方图curvature of a curve 曲线的曲率curve 曲线curve sketching 曲线描绘(法)curve tracing 曲线描迹(法)curved line 曲线curved surface 曲面curved surface area 曲面面积cyclic expression 输换式cyclic permutation 圆形排列cyclic quadrilateral 圆内接四边形cycloid 旋输线; 摆线cylinder 柱；圆柱体cylindrical 圆柱形的damped oscillation 阻尼振动data 数据De Moivre´s theorem 棣美弗定理De Morgan´s law 德摩根律decagon 十边形decay 衰变decay factor 衰变因子decelerate 减速decelaration 减速度decile 十分位数decimal 小数decimal place 小数位decimal point 小数点decimal system 十进制decision box 判定框declarative sentence 说明语句declarative statement 说明命题decoding 译码decrease 递减decreasing function 递减函数；下降函数decreasing sequence 递减序列；下降序列decreasing series 递减级数；下降级数decrement 减量deduce 演绎deduction 推论deductive reasoning 演绎推理definite 确定的；定的definite integral 定积分definition 定义degenerated conic section 降级锥曲线degree (1) 度; (2) 次degree of a polynomial 多项式的次数degree of accuracy 准确度degree of confidence 置信度degree of freedom 自由度degree of ODE 常微分方程次数degree of precision 精确度delete 删除; 删去denary number 十进数denominator 分母dependence (1)相关; (2)应变dependent event(s) 相关事件; 相依事件; 从属事件dependent variable 应变量; 应变数depreciation 折旧derivable 可导derivative 导数derived curve 导函数曲线derived function 导函数derived statistics 推算统计资料; 派生统计资料descending order 递降序descending powers of x x的降序descriptive statistics 描述统计学detached coefficients 分离系数(法) determinant 行列式deviation 偏差; 变差精选文库deviation from the mean 离均差diagonal 对角线diagonal matrix 对角矩阵diagram 图; 图表diameter 直径diameter of a conic 二次曲线的直径difference 差difference equation 差分方程difference of sets 差集differentiable 可微differential 微分differential coefficient 微商; 微分系数differential equation 微分方程differential mean value theorem 微分中值定理differentiate 求...的导数differentiate from first principle 从基本原理求导数differentiation 微分法digit 数字dimension 量; 量网; 维(数)direct impact 直接碰撞direct image 直接像direct proportion 正比例direct tax, direct taxation 直接税direct variation 正变(分)directed angle 有向角directed line 有向直线directed line segment 有向线段directed number 有向数direction 方向; 方位direction angle 方向角direction cosine 方向余弦direction number 方向数direction ratio 方向比directrix 准线Dirichlet function 狄利克来函数discontinuity 不连续性discontinuous 间断(的);连续(的); 不连续(的) discontinuous point 不连续点discount 折扣discrete 分立; 离散discrete data 离散数据; 间断数据discrete random variable 间断随机变数discrete uniform distribution 离散均匀分布discriminant 判别式disjoint 不相交的disjoint sets 不相交的集disjunction 析取dispersion 离差displacement 位移disprove 反证distance 距离distance formula 距离公式distinct roots 相异根distincr solution 相异解distribution 公布distributive law 分配律diverge 发散divergence 发散(性)divergent 发散的divergent iteration 发散性迭代divergent sequence 发散序列divergent series 发散级数divide 除dividend (1)被除数；(2)股息divisible 可整除division 除法division algorithm 除法算式divisor 除数；除式；因子divisor of zero 零因子dodecagon 十二边形domain 定义域dot 点dot product 点积double angle 二倍角double angle formula 二倍角公式double root 二重根dual 对偶duality (1)对偶性; (2) 双重性due east/ south/ west /north 向东/ 南/ 西/ 北dynamics 动力学eccentric angle 离心角eccentric circles 离心圆eccentricity 离心率echelon form 梯阵式echelon matrix 梯矩阵精选文库edge 棱；边efficient estimator 有效估计量effort 施力eigenvalue 本征值eigenvector 本征向量elastic body 弹性体elastic collision 弹性碰撞elastic constant 弹性常数elastic force 弹力elasticity 弹性element 元素elementary event 基本事件elementary function 初等函数elementary row operation 基本行运算elimination 消法elimination method 消去法；消元法ellipse 椭圆ellipsiod 椭球体elliptic function 椭圆函数elongation 伸张；展empirical data 实验数据empirical formula 实验公式empirical probability 实验概率；经验概率empty set 空集encoding 编码enclosure 界限end point 端点energy 能; 能量entire surd 整方根epicycloid 外摆线equal 相等equal ratios theorem 等比定理equal roots 等根equal sets 等集equality 等(式)equality sign 等号equation 方程equation in one unknown 一元方程equation in two unknowns (variables) 二元方程equation of a straight line 直线方程equation of locus 轨迹方程equiangular 等角(的)equidistant 等距(的) equilateral 等边(的)equilateral polygon 等边多边形equilateral triangle 等边三角形equilibrium 平衡equiprobable 等概率的equiprobable space 等概率空间equivalence 等价equivalence class 等价类equivalence relation 等价关系equivalent 等价(的)error 误差error allowance 误差宽容度error estimate 误差估计error term 误差项error tolerance 误差宽容度escribed circle 旁切圆estimate 估计；估计量estimator 估计量Euclidean algorithm 欧几里德算法Euclidean geometry 欧几里德几何Euler´s formula 尤拉公式；欧拉公式evaluate 计值even function 偶函数even number 偶数evenly distributed 均匀分布的event 事件exact 真确exact differential form 恰当微分形式exact solution 准确解；精确解；真确解exact value 法确解；精确解；真确解example 例excentre 外心exception 例外excess 起exclusive 不包含exclusive disjunction 不包含性析取exclusive events 互斥事件exercise 练习exhaustive event(s) 彻底事件existential quantifier 存在量词expand 展开expand form 展开式expansion 展式expectation 期望精选文库expectation value, expected value 期望值；预期值experiment 实验；试验experimental 试验的experimental probability 实验概率explicit function 显函数exponent 指数exponential function 指数函数exponential order 指数阶; 指数级express…in terms of…以………表达expression 式；数式extension 外延；延长；扩张；扩充extension of a function 函数的扩张exterior angle 外角external angle bisector 外分角external point of division 外分点extreme point 极值点extreme value 极值extremum 极值face 面factor 因子；因式；商factor method 因式分解法factor theorem 因子定理；因式定理factorial 阶乘factorization 因子分解；因式分解factorization of polynomial 多项式因式分解fallacy 谬误FALSE 假(的)falsehood 假值family 族family of circles 圆族family of concentric circles 同心圆族family of straight lines 直线族feasible solution 可行解；容许解Fermat´s last theorem 费尔马最后定理Fibonacci number 斐波那契数；黄金分割数Fibonacci sequence 斐波那契序列fictitious mean 假定平均数figure (1)图(形)；(2)数字final velocity 末速度finite 有限finite dimensional vector space 有限维向量空间finite population 有限总体finite probability space 有限概率空间finite sequence 有限序列finite series 有限级数finite set 有限集first approximation 首近似值first derivative 一阶导数first order differential equation 一阶微分方程first projection 第一投影; 第一射影first quartile 第一四分位数first term 首项fixed deposit 定期存款fixed point 定点fixed point iteration method 定点迭代法fixed pulley 定滑轮flow chart 流程图focal axis 焦轴focal chord 焦弦focal length 焦距focus(foci) 焦点folium of Descartes 笛卡儿叶形线foot of perpendicular 垂足for all X 对所有Xfor each /every X 对每一Xforce 力forced oscillation 受迫振动form 形式；型formal proof 形式化的证明format 格式；规格formula(formulae) 公式four leaved rose curve 四瓣玫瑰线four rules 四则four-figure table 四位数表fourth root 四次方根fraction 分数；分式fraction in lowest term 最简分数fractional equation 分式方程fractional index 分数指数fractional inequality 分式不等式free fall 自由下坠free vector 自由向量; 自由矢量frequency 频数；频率frequency distribution 频数分布；频率分布frequency distribution table 频数分布表精选文库frequency polygon 频数多边形；频率多边形friction 摩擦; 摩擦力frictionless motion 无摩擦运动frustum 平截头体fulcrum 支点function 函数function of function 复合函数；迭函数functional notation 函数记号fundamental theorem of algebra 代数基本定理fundamental theorem of calculus 微积分基本定理gain 增益；赚；盈利gain perent 赚率；增益率；盈利百分率game （1）对策；（2）博奕Gaussian distribution 高斯分布Gaussian elimination 高斯消去法general form 一般式；通式general solution 通解；一般解general term 通项generating function 母函数; 生成函数generator (1)母线; (2)生成元geoborad 几何板geometric distribution 几何分布geometric mean 几何平均数；等比中项geometric progression 几何级数；等比级数geometric sequence 等比序列geometric series 等比级数geometry 几何；几何学given 给定；已知global 全局; 整体global maximum 全局极大值; 整体极大值global minimum 全局极小值; 整体极小值golden section 黄金分割grade 等级gradient (1)斜率；倾斜率；(2)梯度grand total 总计graph 图像；图形；图表graph paper 图表纸graphical method 图解法graphical representation 图示；以图样表达graphical solution 图解gravitational acceleration 重力加速度gravity 重力greatest term 最大项greatest value 最大值grid lines 网网格线group 组；grouped data 分组数据；分类数据grouping terms 并项；集项growth 增长growth factor 增长因子half angle 半角half angle formula 半角公式half closed interval 半闭区间half open interval 半开区间harmonic mean (1) 调和平均数; (2) 调和中项harmonic progression 调和级数head 正面（钱币）height 高（度）helix 螺旋线hemisphere 半球体；半球heptagon 七边形Heron´s formula 希罗公式heterogeneous (1)参差的; (2)不纯一的hexagon 六边形higher order derivative 高阶导数highest common factor(H.C.F) 最大公因子；最高公因式；最高公因子Hindu-Arabic numeral 阿刺伯数字histogram 组织图；直方图；矩形图Holder´s Inequality 赫耳德不等式homogeneous 齐次的homogeneous equation 齐次方程Hooke´s law 虎克定律horizontal 水平的；水平horizontal asymptote 水平渐近线horizontal component 水平分量horizontal line 横线；水平线horizontal range 水平射程hyperbola 双曲线hyperbolic function 双曲函数hypergeometric distribution 超几何分布hypocycloid 内摆线hypotenuse 斜边hypothesis 假设hypothesis testing 假设检验精选文库hypothetical syllogism 假设三段论hypotrochoid 次内摆线idempotent 全幂等的identical 全等；恒等identity 等（式）identity element 单位元identity law 同一律identity mapping 恒等映射identity matrix 恒等矩阵identity relation 恒等关系式if and only if/iff 当且仅当；若且仅若if…, then若….则；如果…..则illustration 例证；说明image 像点；像image axis 虚轴imaginary circle 虚圆imaginary number 虚数imaginary part 虚部imaginary root 虚根imaginary unit 虚数单位impact 碰撞implication 蕴涵式；蕴含式implicit definition 隐定义implicit function 隐函数imply 蕴涵；蕴含impossible event 不可能事件improper fraction 假分数improper integral 广义积分; 非正常积分impulse 冲量impulsive force 冲力incentre 内力incircle 内切圆inclination 倾角；斜角inclined plane 斜面included angle 夹角included side 夹边inclusion mapping 包含映射inclusive 包含的；可兼的inclusive disjunction 包含性析取；可兼析取inconsistent 不相的(的)；不一致(的) increase 递增；增加increasing function 递增函数increasing sequence 递增序列increasing series 递增级数increment 增量indefinite integral 不定积分idenfinite integration 不定积分法independence 独立；自变independent equations 独立方程independent event 独立事件independent variable 自变量；独立变量indeterminate (1)不定的；(2)不定元；未定元indeterminate coefficient 不定系数；未定系数indeterminate form 待定型；不定型index,indices 指数；指index notation 指数记数法induced operation 诱导运算induction hypothesis 归纳法假设inelastic collision 非弹性碰撞inequality 不等式；不等inequality sign 不等号inertia 惯性；惯量infer 推断inference 推论infinite 无限；无穷infinite dimensional 无限维infinite population 无限总体infinite sequence 无限序列；无穷序列infinite series 无限级数；无穷级数infinitely many 无穷多infinitesimal 无限小；无穷小infinity 无限(大)；无穷(大)inflection (inflexion) point 拐点；转折点inherent error 固有误差initial approximation 初始近似值initial condition 原始条件；初值条件initial point 始点；起点initial side 始边initial value 初值；始值initial velocity 初速度initial-value problem 初值问题injection 内射injective function 内射函数inner product 内积input 输入input box 输入精选文库inscribed circle 内切圆insertion 插入insertion of brackets 加括号instantaneous 瞬时的instantaneous acceleration 瞬时加速度instantaneous speed 瞬时速率instantaneous velocity 瞬时速度integer 整数integrable 可积integrable function 可积函数integral 积分integral index 整数指数integral mean value theorem 积数指数integral part 整数部份integral solution 整数解integral value 整数值integrand 被积函数integrate 积；积分；......的积分integrating factor 积分因子integration 积分法integration by parts 分部积分法integration by substitution 代换积分法；换元积分法integration constant 积分常数interaction 相互作用intercept 截距；截段intercept form 截距式intercept theorem 截线定理interchange 互换interest 利息interest rate 利率interest tax 利息税interior angle 内角interior angles on the same side of the transversal 同旁内角interior opposite angle 内对角intermediate value theorem 介值定理internal bisector 内分角internal division 内分割internal energy 内能internal force 内力internal point of division 内分点interpolating polynomial 插值多项式interpolation 插值inter-quartile range 四分位数间距intersect 相交intersection (1)交集；(2)相交；(3)交点interval 区间interval estimation 区间估计；区域估计intuition 直观invalid 失效；无效invariance 不变性invariant (1)不变的；(2)不变量；不变式inverse 反的；逆的inverse circular function 反三角函数inverse cosine function 反余弦函数inverse function 反函数；逆函数inverse cosine function 反三角函数inverse function 反函数；逆映射inverse mapping 反向映射；逆映射inverse matrix 逆矩阵inverse problem 逆算问题inverse proportion 反比例；逆比例inverse relation 逆关系inverse sine function 反正弦函数inverse tangent function 反正切函数inverse variation 反变(分)；逆变(分) invertible 可逆的invertible matrix 可逆矩阵irrational equation 无理方程irrational number 无理数irreducibility 不可约性irregular 不规则isomorphism 同构isosceles triangle 等腰三角形iterate (1)迭代值; (2)迭代iteration 迭代iteration form 迭代形iterative function 迭代函数iterative method 迭代法jet propulsion 喷气推进joint variation 联变(分)；连变(分)kinetic energy 动能kinetic friction 动摩擦known 己知L.H.S. 末项L´Hospital´s rule 洛必达法则Lagrange interpolating polynomial 拉格朗日精选文库插值多项代Lagrange theorem 拉格朗日定理Lami´s law 拉密定律Laplace expansion 拉普拉斯展式last term 末项latent root 本征根; 首通径lattice point 格点latus rectum 正焦弦; 首通径law 律；定律law of conservation of momentum 动量守恒定律law of indices 指数律；指数定律law of inference 推论律law of trichotomy 三分律leading coefficient 首项系数leading diagonal 主对角线least common multiple, lowest common multiple (L.C.M) 最小公倍数；最低公倍式least value 最小值left hand limit 左方极限lemma 引理lemniscate 双纽线length 长(度)letter 文字；字母like surd 同类根式like terms 同类项limacon 蜗牛线limit 极限limit of sequence 序列的极限limiting case 极限情况limiting friction 最大静摩擦limiting position 极限位置line 线；行line of action 作用力线line of best-fit 最佳拟合line of greatest slope 最大斜率的直；最大斜率line of intersection 交线line segment 线段linear 线性；一次linear convergence 线性收敛性linear differeantial equation 线性微分方程linear equation 线性方程；一次方程linear equation in two unknowns 二元一次方程；二元线性方程linear inequality 一次不等式；线性不等式linear momentum 线动量linear programming 线性规划linearly dependent 线性相关的linearly independent 线性无关的literal coefficient 文字系数literal equation 文字方程load 负荷loaded coin 不公正钱币loaded die 不公正骰子local maximum 局部极大(值)local minimum 局部极小(值)locus, loci 轨迹logarithm 对数logarithmic equation 对数方程logarithmic function 对数函数logic 逻辑logical deduction 逻辑推论；逻辑推理logical step 逻辑步骤long division method 长除法loop 回路loss 赔本；亏蚀loss per cent 赔率；亏蚀百分率lower bound 下界lower limit 下限lower quartile 下四分位数lower sum 下和lower triangular matrix 下三角形矩阵lowest common multiple(L.C.M) 最小公倍数machine 机械Maclaurin expansion 麦克劳林展开式Maclaurin series 麦克劳林级数magnitude 量；数量；长度；大小major arc 优弧；大弧major axis 长轴major sector 优扇形；大扇形major segment 优弓形；大弓形mantissa 尾数mantissa of logarithm 对数的尾数；对数的定值部many to one 多个对一个many-sided figure 多边形many-valued 多值的精选文库map into 映入map onto 映上mapping 映射marked price 标价Markov chain 马可夫链mass 质量mathematical analysis 数学分析mathematical induction 数学归纳法mathematical sentence 数句mathematics 数学matrix 阵; 矩阵matrix addition 矩阵加法matrix equation 矩阵方程matrix multiplication 矩阵乘法matrix operation 矩阵运算maximize 极大maximum absolute error 最大绝对误差maximum point 极大点maximum value 极大值mean 平均(值)；平均数；中数mean deviation 中均差；平均偏差mean value theorem 中值定理measure of dispersion 离差的量度measurement 量度mechanical energy 机械能median (1)中位数；(2)中线meet 相交；相遇mensuration 计量；求积法method 方法method of completing square 配方法method of interpolation 插值法; 内插法method of least squares 最小二乘法; 最小平方法method of substitution 代换法；换元法method of successive substitution 逐次代换法; 逐次调替法method of superposition 迭合法metric unit 十进制单位mid-point 中点mid-point formula 中点公式mid-point theorem 中点定理million 百万minimize 极小minimum point 极小点minimum value 极小值Minkowski Inequality 闵可夫斯基不等式minor (1)子行列式；(2)劣；较小的minor arc 劣弧；小弧minor axis 短轴minor of a determinant 子行列式minor sector 劣扇形；小扇形minor segment 劣弓形；小弓形minus 减minute 分mixed number(fraction) 带分数modal class 众数组mode 众数model 模型modulo (1)模; 模数; (2)同余modulo arithmetic 同余算术modulus 模; 模数modulus of a complex number 复数的模modulus of elasticity 弹性模(数)moment arm (1)矩臂; (2)力臂moment of a force 力矩moment of inertia 贯性矩momentum 动量monomial 单项式monotone 单调monotonic convergence 单调收敛性monotonic decreasing 单调递减monotonic decreasing function 单调递减函数monotonic function 单调函数monotonic increasing 单调递增monotonic increasing function 单调递增函数motion 运动movable pulley 动滑轮multinomial 多项式multiple 倍数multiple angle 倍角multiple-angle formula 倍角公式multiple root 多重根multiplicand 被乘数multiplication 乘法multiplication law (of probability) (概率)乘法定律multiplicative inverse 乘法逆元精选文库multiplicative property 可乘性multiplicity 重数multiplier 乘数；乘式multiply 乘multi-value 多值的mulually disjoint 互不相交mutually exclusive events 互斥事件mutually independent 独立; 互相独立mutually perpendicular lines 互相垂直n factorial n阶乘n th derivative n阶导数n th root n次根；n次方根n the root of unity 单位的n次根Napierian logarithm 纳皮尔对数; 自然对数natural logarithm 自然对数natural number 自然数natural surjection 自然满射necessary and sufficient condition 充要条件necessary condition 必要条件negation 否定式negative 负negative angle 负角negative binomial distribution 负二项式分布negative index 负指数negative integer 负整数negative number 负数negative vector 负向量; 负矢量neighborhood 邻域net 净(值)net force 净力Newton-Cote´s rule 牛顿- 高斯法则Newton-Raphson´s method 牛顿- 纳逊方法Newton´s formula 牛顿公式Newton´s law of motion 牛顿运动定律Newton´s method 牛顿方法n-gon n边形nonagon 九边形non-collinear 不共线non-commutative 非交换的non-linear 非线性non-linear equation 非线性方程non-negative 非负的non-reflexive 非自反的non-singular (1)满秩的; (2)非奇异的non-singular matrix 满秩矩阵non-transitive 非可递的non-trivial 非平凡的non-zero 非零norm 模方; 范数normal (1)垂直的；正交的；法线的(2)正态的(3)正常的；正规的normal curve 正态分布曲；常庇分布曲；正规曲；正庇曲normal distribution 正态分布，常态分布normal form 法线式normal reaction 反向法作用力normal to curve 曲线的法线normal vector 法向量normalize 正规化normalized form 标准型notation 记法；记号null 零; 空null hypothesis 零假设; 虚假设null set 空集null vector 零向量number 数number line 数线number pair 数偶number pattern 数型number plane 数平面number system 数系numeral 数字；数码numeral system 记数系统numerator 分子numerical 数值的；数字的numerical analysis 数字分析numerical expression 数字式numerical integration 数值积分法numerical method 计算方法；数值法objective function 目标函数oblique 斜的oblique asymptote 斜渐近线oblique cone 斜圆锥oblique impact 斜向碰撞oblique triangle 斜三角形obtuse angle 钝角obtuse-angled triangle 钝角三角形octagon 八边形。