淡谈主谓一致的三个原则
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主谓一致“三原则”一、语法一致原则。
即主语和谓语的语法形式在人称和数上取得一致,谓语的单复数形式取决于主语的单复数形式。
1.主语为复数时用复数的谓语动词;主语为单数名词、代词、不可数名词、单个的动词不定式、动名词短语或从句时,谓语动词用单数。
2. 由and或both…and连接的短语,谓语动词常用复数。
3.and连接的两个名词指同一人、同一物或同一概念时,谓语动词用单数。
4.由and连接的两个单数主语前分别有every, each, many a, no修饰时,谓语动词用单数。
5.主语为单数,尽管后面跟有with, together with, along with, as well as, not,besides, like, except, but, including, rather than 等引起的短语,谓语动词仍用单数。
二、意义一致原则。
即谓语动词取决于主语所表达的意义,若主语形式上为复数,而意义上是单数,动词要用单数;若主语形式上为单数,而意义上是复数,动词要用复数;1. 表示时间、距离、价格、长度、重量的复数名词常被看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数。
2. family, team, crowd, audience, class, committee 等集合名词作主语时,如看成一个整体,谓语动词用单数,如看成若干成员,谓语动词用复数。
3. the rest, some, most, half, part, 分数或百分数作主语时,所指代的是可数名词,谓语用复数;指代的是不可数名词,谓语用单数。
4. either, neither, each, another以及any, some, no, every与body, one, thing构成的不定代词作主语时谓语动词用单数。
5.none of 作主语时,后接不可数名词用单数的谓语动词;后接可数名词时,谓语动词既可用单数也可用复数。
5. the加上形容词或分词可当名词来用,如指一类人,用复数的谓语动词;如指一抽象概念,则用单数的谓语动词。
主谓一致的三个原则:语法一致、就近一致、意义一致一.就近一致原则:由or ,nor,either, either …or, neither…nor, not only…but also 等连接的并列主语,谓语动词常和靠近的作主语的名词单复数上保持一致。
Eg:Not only he but also I am invited.Neither my gloves nor my hat goes with the dress. .二.谓语动词和主语保持一致:as much as/no more than/would rather/ rather than /as well as /with/along with /together with/ except /including /but /like/among/besides/ +名词置于主语后,谓语和前面的名词在单复数上保持一致。
Eg:The teacher with a number of students is in the classroom三.谓语动词为单数的情况:1.由and 连接的并列成分指的是同一概念。
Eg: 1. The worker and writer is from Wuhan.那个工人兼作家2. the worker and the writer are from Beijing. 那位工人和那位作家3. Bread and butter is a daily food in the West.2.every… and (every)…,each …and (each… ,no …and (no)… ,many a …and (many a)…连接两个单数名词作主语。
Eg:Every desk and every chair is made of wood.Eg:Many a boy and girl has made the same mistake.。
主谓一致的三个原则在英语中谓语动词在人称和数上必须同主语保持一致。
确定主谓一致要根据以下三个基本原则:一、语法一致原则, 即谓语动词要和它的主语在形式上取得一致,即单数主语用单数动词,复数主语用复数动词。
但要注意以下几种情况:1由and 连接并列主语时,谓语动词常用复数。
A teacher and his students are invited to the English evening.一个老师和他的学生被邀请参加英语晚会。
但以下两种情况谓语动词要用单数形式:(1)并列主语指同一人(物)、同一概念(这是第二个名词前无冠词)时;The professor and writer is coming to the meeting. 那位教授兼作家将来参加会议。
Truth and honesty is the best policy. 诚实才是上策。
类似的短语还有a cart and horse(马车), a cup and saucer(放在盘子上的茶杯), cause and effect(因果), bread and butter(黄油面包), iron and steel(钢铁) ,study and research(研讨), the needle and thread(针线), trial and error(反复试验)(2) 并列主语分别被each, every, no, many a 修饰时。
如:Each book and each paper was in proper place. 每本书、每张纸都摆放得井井有条。
No teacher and no student is present. 没有教师和学生出席。
2. 单个不定式、动词-ing、从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
Taking care of children needs patience. 照看儿童需要耐心。
To remember these words is our main task today. 记住这些单词是我们今天的主要任务。
主谓一致的基本原则主谓一致有以下三条原则:1语法一致原则,即在语法形式上取得一致;例如,主语是单数形式,谓语动词也采取单数形式;主语是复数形式,谓语动词也采取复数形式;例如:The students are very young.This picture looks beautiful.2意义一致原则,即从意义着眼处理一致关系;例如,主语形式虽是单数但意义是复数,谓语动词也采取复数形式;而有些主语形式虽是复数但意义上看作单数,谓语动词也采取单数形式;people in that country are fighting for independence.crowd deeply respect their leader.years in a strange land seems a long time.3就近原则,即谓语动词的单数或复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语;例如:Neither he nor I am going to see the film tonight because we are busy.Either ..or …2.主谓一致的用法根据以上三条原则,主谓一致有如下用法:1下列结构作主语,谓语动词一般用单数形式a.表示时间、重量、长度、价值的名词作主语,谓语动词通常用单数形式;例如:hundred miles is a long distance.dollars is a high price for that book.b.由anyone,anything,anybody,noone,nothing,everyone,everybody,everything,some one,somebody,each,either,neither等不定代词作主语,谓语动词使用单数形式;例如:is knocking at the door.is better than going to the movie tonight.c.由“a series of,a kind of,a portion of +名词”作主语,谓语动词应用单数形式;例如:A series of debates is scheduled to be held next week.d.由“many a,more than one +单数名词”作主语,尽管意义上表示复数,但谓语动词仍采用单数形式;例如:Many a person in these circumstances has hoped for a long break.There is more than one answer to your question.e.“名词+and+名词”作主语,表示同一人、同一概念或事物时,谓语动词用单数形式;例如:A writer and educator is giving a lecture now.这个人既是作家又是教育家A writer and a educatorf."either neither + of +复数名词或代词"作主语,谓语动词用单数形式;例如:either of you takes a vacation now,we will not be able to finish the work.of them wants to come.g.在each…and each…,every…and every…等结构之后,谓语动词用单数形式;例如:Each man and each woman has the right to vote.h.动词不定式、动名词或分句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式;例如:What I want to say is none of your business.Listening to the classical music is enjoyable.i.以-ics结尾的复数名词指一门学科时,如politics政治学,mathematics数学,statistics统计学,acoustics声学,linguistics语言学等,谓语动词用单数形式;例如:Mathematics is what he majors in.2下列结构作主语,谓语动词单复数形式取决于of后的名词;意义一致a.由“a11,none,no,most,half,the last,the rest,the remainder+of+名词”等不定代词作主语,谓语动词单复数形式由of后名词的单复数而定;例如:None of the food is wasted.None of the students were absent.The rest of the lecture was dull.The rest of the bikes were on sale yesterday.b.由"lots of,heaps of,loads Of,scads of +名词”作主语,谓语动词单复数形式由of后名词的单复数而定;例如:Lots of work is to be done this week.Lots of people are going to swim this afternoon.There is loads of milk on the farm.There are loads of big red apples on the ground.There is heaps of fun.c.由“分数或百分数十of +名词或代词”作主语,谓语动词的单复数形式取决于of后名词或代词的单复数形式;例如:Three-quarters of the area is cultivated.Ninety percent of the students have passed the exam.3下列结构作主语,谓语动词的单复数形式根据意义而定;a.由“the+形容词” 这种结构作主语,根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的单复数形式;如果表示一类人如the rich,the poor,the blind,the deaf,the sick,the young,the old,谓语动词用复数形式;如果表示个人或抽象概念,谓语动词用单数形式;例如:The blind are taught trades in special schools.表示一类人The good in him overweighs the bad.表示抽象概念The departed was a good friend of his.表示个人b.family,crowd,committee,class,audience,group ,government,team,public,majority,minority等集合名词作主语,谓语动词单复数形式应根据意义而定;例如:The family like to listen to the music.the family 指这家人,用作复数The family is small.the family指这个家庭,用作单数The committee has considered your proposal.the committee指委员会,用作单数The committee were arguing for an hour before they gave their votes. the committee指委员会的委员们,用作复数下列结构作主语,谓语动词一般单复数均可;a.以数词为名词词组中心词作主语时,谓语动词一般单复数均可;例如:Five and six make/makes eleven.Seven times ten are seventy.但是:Twenty from thirty leaves ten.Six sevens are forty-two.b.由"one in/out of +名词”作主语,谓语动词单复数均可;例如:One in ten were/was present.下列结构作主语,谓语动词用复数形式;由and或both…and连接两个单数形式的名词词组作主语时,一般谓语动词用复数形式;例如:A girl and a boy want to go.Both rice and wheat are grown in that country.6下列结构作主语,谓语动词单复数形式视具体情况而定;a.由as well as,together with,besides,like,along with,with but,except,accompanied by,rather than,including连接两个名词作主语,谓语单复数形式应由连接词前的名词而定;例如:The president of the college,together with the deans,is planning a conference for the purpose of laying down certain regulations.The young mother with her two children is coming now.The plant manager,like many technicians,is experienced in designing new products.b.“名词+of+名词”作主语,谓语动词单复数形式跟of前的名词一致;例如:The picture of the children孩子的照片 brings back many memories of my past experiences.The effects of cigarette smoking have been proved to be extremely harmful.c.由not only…butalso,either…or,neither…nor或or连接的并列主语,通常根据就近一致原则,谓语动词的单复数形式由最接近它的名词词组的单复数形式决定;例如:He or you have taken my pen.Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about it.One or two days are enough to visit the city. d.there be句型中的谓语动词单复数形式一般取决于其后的真正主语的单复数形式;例如:There is a garden in front of the house.There are two things I'd like to say here.7关于几对容易混淆词组的一致用法a.由"this/that kind/type of +名词”作主语,谓语动词用单数形式;而由"these/those kind/type of +复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用复数形式;例如:kind of apples is highly priced.这种kinds of tests are good.那些b.由“a number of,a total of,an avera ge of +复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用复数形式;由“the number of,the total of,the average of +复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用单数形式;例如:A number of students are waiting for the bus.The number of the students in this university is increasing yearly.c.one of,the only one of的一致用法This is one of the books that have been recommended.This is the only one of the books that has been recommended.3.前后呼应的用法1当everyone,everybody,noone,nobody,anyone,anybody,someone,somebody,eve rything,anything,something,nothing等用作主语时,其相应的代词一般用单数形式;例如:If anybody calls,tell him that I'm out.Something strange happened,didn't itEvery passenger has to carry his own luggage.2人称代词与名词的呼应:人称代词I me,he him,she her,it it都是代替前面的单数名词,而they them,we us则是代替复数名词的,you既可以代表单数,也可以代表复数;但表示泛指的时候,用he或one来表示;例如:If a young person enters a classical music field only for money,he is in the wrong profession.The leaves of the red maple are highly poisonous to horses and when ingested can kill them within fifteen hours;3物主代词与名词的呼应:my,our,his,her,its,their要与代替的名词在数上一致;例如:The welfare department,as well as the other social services,will have its budget cut.Delphins are warm-blooded;that is,their body temperature always stays about thesame,regardless of the surroundings.4反身代词与其所代成分间的呼应;Many primitive people believed that by eating an animal they could get some of the good qualities of that animal for themselves.Everybody clings to this illusion about himself.I have just been out to get myself a cup of tea.5指示代词与所代名词间的呼应:this和that指代单数名词或不可数名词,these和those指代复数名词those还可以用作先行词,引导定语从句,表示“那些人”;例如:She invited all those who had been her former colleagues.The amount of the pressure caused by the weight of a column of fluid is determined by the height of this column.6much和much of后接不可数名词,而many和many of 后接可数名词的复数;例如:There is not much coal left.A great many of the houses were knocked down by the earthquake.7表示量的词后面有的接可数名词,有的接不可数名词;接可数名词的有:a number of,a range of,a series of十复数名词;接不可数名词的有:a great deal of,an amount of十不可数名词;既可接可数又可接不可数名词的有:a lot of,a variety of;例如: government attached a great deal of importance to education.a number of women applied for this job.college library has a variety of books.apple is a variety of fruit.wide range of disorders can affect the human muscular system.。
主谓一致一、概念:主谓一致,即谓语动词和主语在人称和数上必须一致主谓一致的原则主要有三个:语法一致、意义一致、就近一致1.语法一致:即主语为单数形式时,谓语动词使用单数形式;主语为复数形式时,谓语动词使用复数形式。
eg. Tom is a good student. (汤姆是个好学生)We often play football on the playground.2.意义一致:指的是谓语动词的单复数取决于主语所表达的具体意义,而不取决于表面上的形式。
eg. My family are having lunch now. (我们一家人现在正在吃午饭)强调的是家庭成员,看作复数Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book. (这本书20美元太贵了)3.就近一致:指的是主语由两个或两个以上的名词或代词构成,谓语动词的单复数形式与紧邻的名词或代词保持一致。
eg. There is a pen and some books on the desk. (课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书)Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football.Not only has she been late three times,she has also done no work. (她不仅迟到了三次,她还没干一点活)注:not only…but also…连接两个并列句,并且用于句首时,前一个句子要用部分倒装。
二、谓语动词用单数的情况1.单数名词(代词),不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。
eg. Some water is in the table. (瓶子里有一些水)A ball is on the floor. (地上有个球)2.many a+单数名词做主语,意为“许多”,但谓语动词要用单数形式。
主谓一致三条原则之间的关系主谓一致是语法中一个重要的原则,它指的是主语与谓语在人称和数上要保持一致。
在英语中,主谓一致的三条原则是:人称一致、数一致和时态一致。
这三条原则之间有着密切的联系和相互影响。
人称一致是主谓一致的基本原则之一。
人称一致要求主语和谓语在人称上保持一致。
例如,在第一人称单数主语“我”和谓语“am”之间,就存在着人称一致关系。
同样地,第三人称单数主语“他”和谓语“is”之间也需要保持人称一致。
人称一致的原则使得句子更加准确地表达了不同人称的主语与谓语之间的关系。
数一致也是主谓一致的重要原则之一。
数一致要求主语和谓语在数上保持一致。
例如,在单数主语“猫”和谓语“跑”之间,就存在着数一致关系。
同样地,在复数主语“狗们”和谓语“跳”之间也需要保持数一致。
数一致的原则使得句子更加准确地表达了主语与谓语之间的数量关系。
时态一致也是主谓一致的关键原则之一。
时态一致要求主语和谓语在时态上保持一致。
例如,在现在时态中,主语“我”和谓语“喜欢”之间需要保持时态一致。
同样地,在过去时态中,主语“他们”和谓语“吃”之间也需要保持时态一致。
时态一致的原则使得句子更加准确地表达了主语与谓语之间的时间关系。
这三条主谓一致的原则相互依存,共同构成了一个完整的语法体系。
人称一致、数一致和时态一致三者之间相互影响,共同决定了主语与谓语之间的关系。
如果在一个句子中,其中一条原则没有得到满足,就会导致句子不通顺或者含义模糊。
因此,在写作中,我们要特别注意主谓一致的三条原则,以确保句子的准确性和流畅性。
主谓一致的三条原则,即人称一致、数一致和时态一致,是语法中非常重要的原则。
它们之间相互依存、相互影响,共同构成了主谓一致的规则体系。
遵循这些原则可以使我们的句子更加准确、通顺和易于理解。
因此,在写作和表达中,我们应该时刻注意主谓一致的三条原则,以避免语法错误和歧义的产生。
主谓一致三个原则主谓一致是指主语与谓语在人称、数和时态等方面的配合一致。
主谓一致是语法中的重要原则之一,它可以使句子结构更加完整,准确传达思想。
主谓一致在句子构造中起到桥梁的作用,让读者或听者更加准确地理解句子的含义。
本文将介绍主谓一致的三个原则。
首先,主语与谓语在人称上要一致。
这是主谓一致的基本原则之一、人称主要包括第一人称、第二人称和第三人称。
当主语是第一人称(如“I”)时,谓语也应该是第一人称(如“am”)。
当主语是第二人称(如“You”)时,谓语也应该是第二人称(如“are”)。
同样,当主语是第三人称(如“He”、“She”、“It”)时,谓语也应该是第三人称(如“is”、“does”)。
其次,主语与谓语在数上要一致。
这是主谓一致的第二个原则。
数主要指单数和复数。
当主语是单数形式(如“car”)时,谓语应该是单数形式(如“is”)。
当主语是复数形式(如“cars”)时,谓语应该是复数形式(如“are”)。
主语与谓语在数上的一致能够使句子更加清晰,避免语法错误。
最后,主语与谓语在时态上要一致。
这是主谓一致的第三个原则。
时态主要包括一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时等。
当主语处于一般现在时态(如“I drink”)时,谓语也处于一般现在时态(如“coffee”)。
当主语处于一般过去时态(如“John played”)时,谓语也处于一般过去时态(如“basketball”)。
主语与谓语在时态上的一致能够使句子更加流畅,使读者或听者能够更好地理解句子的意思。
总之,主谓一致是语法中的重要原则之一,它主要包括主语与谓语在人称、数和时态上的一致。
通过遵循主谓一致的原则,可以使句子结构更加完整,逻辑性更强,准确地传递思想。
只有通过正确运用主谓一致原则,才能使句子更加准确地表达意思,避免语法错误。
理解和掌握主谓一致的三个原则,对于提高写作能力和语法水平具有重要意义。
主谓一致“三原则”英语句子中的谓语动词要和主语在人称和数上保持一致,而在实际运用中又有一些具体情况,概括起来,主谓一致要遵循以下三个原则:一、语法一致原则1. 如果主语是单数形式,谓语动词也要用单数形式。
如:The number of students in our school is rising.我们学校的学生人数在上升。
2. each, either, neither, nobody, nothing, anything, anybody, everybody, everything等不定代词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
如:Each of them has been to Beijing.他们每个人都去过北京。
Neither of them likes the film.他们两个谁也不喜欢那部电影。
3. 主语的数不受后面修饰它的短语的影响。
如:Tom together with his parents has visited the Great Wall.汤姆和他父母一起游览过长城。
二、意义一致原则1. 有的主语看似复数形式但表示的是单数意义,谓语动词一般用单数形式。
如:The news is exciting. 这是个令人振奋的消息。
The United States is in North America.美国位于北美洲。
Two years is really a very long time.两年的确是个很长的时间。
2. what, who, which, all, any, none, more, most 等代词用作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式还是复数形式要根据具体情况来确定。
如:What you said is very important. 你所说的话很重要。
Which are their chairs? 哪些是他们的椅子?3. 表示抽象概念的动词不定式和v.-ing形式作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
Subject---Verb Agreement主谓一致主谓一致的三个原则:1. 语法一致2. 意义一致3. 就近原则一、语法一致主语为单数形式,谓语动词也用单数形式;主语为复数形式,谓语动词也用复数形式I often help him and he often helps me. We often help each other.不可数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数;可数名词的复数形式作主语,谓语动词用复数。
1. and连接两个或两个以上单数名词或者代词作主语的时候,谓语动词有以下两种情况:(1) He and I _____both students of this school.我和他都是这个学校的学生。
如果指两个或两个以上不同的人或事物的时候,谓语动词用复数。
(2) 但如果连接两个以上的名词指的是同一个人或物, 或者指同一概念的时候,谓语要用单数。
The singer and dancer___is_ going to give us a performance.那个歌唱家兼舞蹈演员要给我们表演。
The knife and fork __is__on the table. 刀叉在桌子上。
2. 如果主语是不定式, 动词ing形式或主语从句的时候,谓语动词用单数。
What he is doing seems very important.他正在做的事情看起来很重要。
Collecting stamps is his hobby. 收集邮票是他的爱好。
3. with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, like, without, except, but, including 如果句子中有这些连接词和主语连用,谓语动词的数随主语的变化而变化。
The teacher, together with his students, is planting trees in the street. 老师和他的学生们正在街道上植树。
主谓一致要点归纳山西高继英英语中,句子的谓语动词要与句子的主语在人称和数上保持一致,即主谓一致。
一般来说,主谓一致要遵循三个原则:语法一致原则,意义一致原则和就近原则。
语法一致原则就是指谓语动词的单复数形式由主语的单复数形式决定;意义一致原则是指谓语动词的单复数形式由主语的意义而不是形式决定,即使主语的形式是复数但意义上是单数的话,谓语动词也要用单数形式;就近原则是指谓语动词的形式由靠近它的名词的数决定。
下面就主谓一致中需要注意的几方面进行归纳讲解。
一 . 以 s 结尾的名词作主语时的主谓一致1. 如果以 s 结尾的名词表示的是学科或国家时,句子的谓语动词要用单数形式。
如:Physics is such a difficult subject that I can't understand it .The United Nations is made up of more than one hundred countries .2. 有些以 s 结尾的名词表示两个对称部分组成的事物,如 trousers , shoes , glasses , scissors 等,它们单独作主语时谓语动词要用复数,但如果前面有 a / this pair / sort / kind of 等修饰时,则谓语动词要用单数形式。
如:My shoes are the gifts from my grand - mother .This kind of shoes is very popular this summer .3. 有些以 s 结尾的名词如 goods (货物), arms (武器), clothes (衣服), thanks (感谢)等只作复数用,作主语时谓语动词要用复数形式。
如:All the goods were shipped from America .All the arms you want have been prepared .4. 一些单复数形式相同的以 s 结尾的名词如 means (方法), works (工厂),headquarters (总部)等作主语时,如果强调单数意义,则谓语动词用单数形式;如果强调复数意义,则谓语用复数形式。
第十六章主谓一致主谓一致(concord),是指主语和谓语动词要保持人称和数上的一致。
英语中动词be的变化形式最多,如I am,Y ou are,He is,We are等。
主语I一定要用am的动词形式,这就叫“主谓一致”。
一、主谓一致的三个原则主谓一致涉及三个基本原则,即语法一致原则(principle of grammatical concord)、意义一致原则(principle of notional concord)和就近原则(principle of proximity)。
A.语法一致语法一致是指主语和谓语在单复数形式上的一致关系,主语为单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式;反之,谓语动词用复数形式。
My child has no intention of spending a vacation with me. 我的孩子不想与我一起度假。
My children have no intention of spending a vacation with me. 我的孩子们不想与我一起度假。
B.意义一致意义一致是说谓语动词的单、复数要取决于主语所表达的概念,而不取决于表面上的语法标记。
1. 主语形式虽为单数,但意义为复数,谓语动词用复数。
The only people who are interested in the book seem to be lawyers. 唯一对这本书感兴趣的人好像是律师。
The majority of primary school teachers are women. 大多数小学老师都是女的。
2. 主语形式为复数,而意义上却是单数,谓语动词用单数。
No news is good news. 没有消息就是好消息。
Billiards is becoming more and more popular in some cities. 桌球在一些城市里越来越受欢迎。
C.就近原则就近原则是指当主语由两个或两个以上名词或代词组成时,谓语动词的数要与它紧邻的名词或代词的数一致。
主谓一致三个原则主谓一致是英文语法中的一个基本原则,用来表达主语和谓语在人称和数上的一致。
在句子中,主语和谓语通常要保持一致,即如果主语是单数,则谓语也必须是单数,如果主语是复数,则谓语也必须是复数。
主谓一致原则既简洁明了,也能使语言更加准确和易于理解。
下面将介绍三个主谓一致的原则。
第一个主谓一致的原则是,当主语是由and连接的两个或更多的部分时,谓语动词应该是复数形式。
例如:"John and Mary are going to the party." (约翰和玛丽要去参加派对。
)这里,主语是"John and Mary",两个人一起去派对,所以谓语动词"are"是复数形式。
然而,当and连接的两个或更多的部分指的是同一个人或物时,谓语动词应该是单数形式。
例如:"Bread and butter is my favorite breakfast." (面包和黄油是我最喜欢的早餐。
)这里,主语是"bread and butter",指的是一种食物,所以谓语动词"is"是单数形式。
第二个主谓一致的原则是,当主语是由or或nor连接的两个或更多的部分时,谓语动词的形式取决于离谓语动词更近的部分。
例如:"Neither John nor Mary is going to the party." (既不约翰也不玛丽要去参加派对。
)这里,离谓语动词"going"更近的部分是"Mary",所以谓语动词"is"是单数形式。
然而,如果离谓语动词更近的部分是复数形式,则谓语动词应该是复数形式。
例如:"Neither the boys nor the girl were interested in the game." (既不男孩也不女孩对这个游戏感兴趣。
主谓一致的三个原则
主谓一致是指句子中的主语和谓语在人称(如第一人称、第二人称、
第三人称)、数(单数、复数)和形式(肯定句、否定句)上保持一致。
以下是主谓一致的三个原则:
原则一:一致性原则
根据一致性原则,当主语是单数时,谓语动词要用单数形式;当主语
是复数时,谓语动词要用复数形式。
例句:
- The cat chases mice every day.(猫每天都追逐老鼠。
)
- The cats chase mice every day.(猫们每天都追逐老鼠。
)
原则二:就近一致原则
根据就近一致原则,当主语有两个或更多个,并且用连词连接起来时,谓语动词的数应与最接近谓语动词的主语保持一致。
例句:
- Jack and Jill go to school together.(杰克和吉尔一起上学。
)- Jack or his friends go to the party.(杰克或者他的朋友们去
参加派对。
)
原则三:无谓语从句的一致原则
当谓语动词是主句的一部分时,谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致,而不是与从句中的主语保持一致。
例句:
- The fact that he is late does not surprise me.(他迟到这个事实并不让我惊讶。
)
以上就是主谓一致的三个原则。
遵循这些原则可以使句子更准确、易于理解,并且使语法结构更正确。
主谓一致是英语语法中非常重要的一个概念,合理使用可以帮助我们更好地表达自己的意思。
主谓一致三原则作者:刘平来源:《新高考·高一英语》2012年第05期主谓一致是高中阶段英语语法学习的重点之一。
学生在平时的学习过程中,尤其是在写作时,会忽视主谓一致的原则。
为更好地掌握主谓一致的使用原则,现将主要知识要点归纳如下:主谓一致是指句子的主语和谓语动词在人称和数上要保持一致,通常遵循以下三个原则:1. 语法一致原则,即主语是单数,谓语也要用单数形式;主语是复数,谓语也用复数形式。
2. 意义一致原则,即主语形式为单数,但意义是复数,谓语动词用复数;主语形式为复数,但意义为单数,谓语动词用单数。
3. 就近原则,即谓语动词的单复数形式由最靠近它的主语来决定。
一、语法一致原则1. 动词不定式、动名词或从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数。
what引导的主语从句,如果表语是复数,则谓语动词用复数形式。
例如:Seeing is believing. 眼见为实What he said is right. 他说的是对的。
What we need are more books. 我们需要的是更多的书。
2. 在定语从句中,关系代词that, which, who等作主语时,谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数保持一致。
例如:I, who am your close friend, will help you. 我是你的好朋友,我会帮你的。
Those who want to go to the cinema puts up your hands. 想去电影院的人请举手。
Anyone who wants to go to the cinema puts up your hands. 谁想去电影院谁举手。
one of +复数名词+who/that/which”结构中,关系代词who/that/which的先行词是靠近它的复数名词,所以从句中谓语动词用复数形式。
但当one之前有the或the only 修饰时,关系代词的先行词是the one或the only one,因此从句中的谓语动词要用单数形式。
主谓一致常用的判断方法:1. 语法一致的原则;2. 意义一致的原则;3. 邻近一致的原则活学活用:谓语受主语支配,须和主语在人称和数上保持一致,这叫做主谓一致。
主谓一致一般遵循三条原则:语法一致原则,意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
1. 语法一致的原则(1)以单数名词或代词,动词不定式短语作主语时,谓语动词要用单数;主语为复数时,谓语用复数,例如:He goes to school early every morning.The children are playing outside.To work hard is necessary for a student.(2)由and或both……and连接的并列成分作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
例如:Both he and I are right.Mr Black and Mrs Black have a son called Tom.但并列主语如果指的是同一人,同一事物或同一概念,谓语动词用单数。
例如:His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl.The poet and writer has come.(3)由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each, every修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。
例如:In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.Each man and each woman is asked to help.(4)主语是单数时,尽管后面跟有 but ,except, besides, with 等介词短语,谓语动词仍用单数。
例如:The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum.Nobody but two boys was late for class.Bread and butter is a daily food in the west.(5)一些只有复数形式的名词,如people, police, cattle, clothes等作主语时,谓语动词要用复数。
淡谈主谓一致的三个原则
仙桃市实验高中付荣主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。
一般来说主谓一致遵循三个原则,即:语法一致,意义一致和就近原则。
一、语法一致:主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致
1、and连接两个或两个以上单数名词或代词作主语的时候,谓语动词有以下两种说法:
①如果指两个或两个以上不同的人或事物的时候,谓语动词用复数。
He and I are both students of this school.
②如果连接两个以上的名词指的是同一个人或物,或指同一概念的时候,谓语要用单数。
The singer and dancer is going to give us a performance.
那个歌唱家兼舞蹈演员要给我们表演。
The knife and fork is on the table. 刀刃在桌上。
2、如果主语是单个不定式,单个动词-ing或主语从句的时候,谓语动词用单数。
①What he is doing seems very important.
②Collecting stamps is his hobby.
3、定语从句的关系代词who, which, that在从句中做主语时,要与先行词人称和数保持一致。
①Those who enjoy singing may join us.
②I who am your friend, should help you.
③She’s one of the students who were born in Xian tao.
④She’s the only one of the students who was born in Beijing.
4、主语+介词(短语)with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, like(像) without, except, but, including, rather than谓语以介词(短语)前的主语一致,不受介词后名词的影响。
①My brother, as well as my father, likes fishing.
②The teacher together with the students is visiting the Great Wall.
③It was he rather than we who was found smoking in the toilet.
5、由each/every/no/many a+名词,或each…and each…, every…and very…, no and no…, many a…and many a…, more than on+名词谓语要用单数。
①Every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.
②No sound and no voice was heard.
③Many a man and many a woman has seen the film.
④More than one student was caught surfing the Internet by the teacher in the net bar.
6、不定代词either, each, one, anyone, any body, no one, someone, somebody, anything, nothing, something, everything, everyone, everybody作主语时,谓语用单数,none作主语时单复均可。
①Neither likes the colour.
②Nothing moves faster than light.
③None have/ has passed the exam in our class.
④Everybody is present at the meeting.
7、a pair of/a type of / a kind of / a series of / a species of / a large quantity of / a large amount of+名词作主语时,谓语用单数,但pairs of / all types of / series of / species of / large quantities of / large amounts of+名词作主语时,谓语用复数,即与量词的单复数有关,而与名词无关。
①The pair of shoes fits you.
②A great quantity of skilled workers is needed in this factory.
③Large amounts of food were wasted by the children.
④A series of accidents has happened in the past three days because of the bad weather.
⑤Species of animals are dying out.
二、意义一致:即谓语动词的单复数由主语的意义而不是形式所决定。
1、有些集合名词如crowd, family, team, class, group, committee, government等词表示一个整体谓语用单数,如强调每一个时谓语用复数。
①Our class is better than any other class in playing basketball.
②Our class are playing basketball.
③My family is a big one.
④My family are all music lovers.
2、police, cattle, people形式上没有s,但它们是复数名词,谓语用复数,但sheep, deer, means单复同形作主语时要根据意义来确定谓语单复数。
①Shorty after the accident, the police were sent to keep order.
②Cattle are allowed to graze here.
③One day, this white sheep is lost.
④Sheep are white animals.
⑤Every means has been tried.
⑥All means have been tried.
3、表示时间、距离、价格等的复数名词或短语作为一个整体看待时,谓语用单数。
①Ten years is not a long time.
②Five thousand kilometers is a long distance.
③5000 is large amount of money for a poor.
4、主误是the+形容词(或过去分词)时谓语通常用复数,如the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the dead, the injured, the wounded, the disabled 等。
①The blind study in special school.
②The wounded were sent to hospital quickly.
5、百分数/分数+名词,谓语与名词的数保持一致。
①About three-fourth of the earth’s surface is covered with water.
②Three-fifths / 60% of the workers here are women.
③The majority of doctors believe smoking is harmful to health.
④The majority of the milk has gone sour.
注意:the number of+名词复数表示……的数量,谓语用单数,a number of+名词复数,表示大量的……,谓语要用复数。
三、就近原则:即谓语动词的数由离它最近的主语决定。
由连词or, neither, …nor…, either…or…, not only…(but) also…nor等连接的并列主语或there be句型中,谓语的单复数形式与最靠近它的主语一致。
①Neither you nor I am young.
②He or you have taken my pen.
③Either you or he is not telling the truth.
④Not only he but also his brothers have been to the USA.
⑤There is a desk and four chairs in the office.。