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3. On entering the door I remembered the doll I had broken. I felt my way to the hearth and picked up the pieces. I tried vainly to put them together. 一进门,我就想起了被我摔碎的娃娃.我摸索着走到壁炉 前,捡起了碎片。我想把这些碎片拼在一起,可是拼不起 来了。 4. He made many discoveries in chemistry but, characteristically, he did not publish them. 他在化学上有许多发现,但是他生性超脱,并未发表其 研究成果。 5. He stupidly answered such a question. 他真笨,竟然回答了这样的问题。
2. I’m surprised to learn that he lost the game. 用分句法译为: 我听说他在比赛中失利了, 感到十分 意外.
长句的分译法) 三、将从句分译成句子(长句的分译法 将从句分译成句子 长句的分译法
英语中有很多长句,长句之所以长就是因为它所带从 句、短语或并列成分多.我们将其译成汉语时的技巧 是将那些从句、短语或并列成分分离出来,单独成句, 作为对句字主要成分的说明,或放在主句之前,作为 背景交代,或放在主句之后,作为补充说明. 例如:
第二节 名词性从句的译法
英语中的名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从 句、同位语从句和宾语从句.这种从句如果是 代词what引导的,翻译时一般按原文的顺序译 成汉语,如: true.(主语从句) What he said was true 他说的话是真的。 said.(宾语从句) I believe what he said 我相信他说的话。 said.(表语从句) This is what he said 这就是他说的话。
上面举的例子是副词的分句法,形容词也可以用分 句法来翻译。 2. In second grade they showed us a terrifying film about flash-flooding. 我上二年纪的时候,他们给我们演过的一场暴雨成 灾的电影,非常可怕。 二、将词组或短语译成汉语的句子 1.Such fear is not as far-fetched as it may seem. 试译:这种担心并非像它看起来那样不可能没有根 据。 用分句法来译: 这种担心看起来似乎没有根据, 其实 不然。
如果名词性从句包含两层以上的意思,须采用分句法的 手段把从句与分句分开来,先单独译出从句,置于句首,叉 成为汉语的外位语结构,然后用汉语的复指代词指代它, 与主句的其他成分连句成文。现分述如下: 一、主语从句 (一) 用it作形式主语的主语从句,可先译主语从句,再译主 句。 1.It is a fact that the United States has sent its fleet to all parts of the world. 美国已经把它的舰队派往世界各地,这是事实。
1.Does it require deep thinking to understand that man’s ideas, views and conception, in one word, man’s consciousness, changes with every change in the conditions of his material existence, in his social relations and his social life? 人们的观念、观点和概念,简单一句话,人们的意识随 着物质存在的每一个变化而变化、随着社会关系和 社会生活的变化而变化,要理解这一点,难道还需要深 思熟虑吗? (二)用how, that, what等引起的宾语从句一般按原文顺序 译出。
1. It’s quite probable that he is gone. 如用外位结构译成,“他已经走了,那是很可能的。” 就未免画蛇添足。而译成简单句为好: 很可能他已经走了或他很可能已经走了。 2. It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings. 真奇怪,她竟然没有看出自己的缺点。 二、宾语从句 (一)用it作形式宾语的句子,其译法与上面讨论的完全一 样。即译时用分句法,将宾语从句先译出,再译主句, 用复指代词“这”、“这一点”等代入主句。
[练习] 用分句法翻译下列句子 练习]
1. Mr. Secretary, do you share the view that too many people are talking too much about Cuba? 译文: 国务卿先生,现在谈论古巴问题的人太多了,谈古巴 问题的话也说得太多了,你同意这种看法吗? 2. He visited many places, in all of which he was received with the usual enthusiasm which attended his arduous labors. 译文:他访问了许多地方,所到之处均受到热烈的欢迎,这 些欢迎与他的辛勤劳动是分不开的。
(二)不改变位置,仍放在后面,用破折号或冒号加 以解释,起补充说明的作用. 1. They jumped to the conclusion that all flights out of Pakistan had been made from Peshawar. 他们匆匆忙忙作出结论:我们从巴基斯坦飞 出的飞机都是从白沙瓦起飞的. 2. He is surprised to read the news in the newspaper that his father should be still alive. 他在报纸上读到这条消息很吃惊:他父亲竟 然还活着.
有些含有主语从句的句子,为了给主语以更多的强调, 采用that或其他关系词来直接引入主语,这时也可译作 外位语成分来加强语气,如: 2. That those who had learned from us now excelled us was a real challenge. 向我们学习过的人反倒超过了我们,这对我们的确是 一个促进。 (二)并不是说,凡用it作形式主语的,全用这种译法。如 果that引出的从句是以假设为前提的,主句的陈述是对 从句的内容进行推测,翻译的方法是:直接陈述观点、 看法,表明态度,接着译出that引导的从句。
3. To most people it is not easy to explain why Einstein’s theory eventually shook the whole scientific and intellectual world. 为什么爱因斯坦的学说最后震撼了整个科学界和思 想界,这对大多数人是难以解释清楚的。 4. Another cause of obscurity is that the writer is himself not quite sure of his meaning. 写不清楚还有一个原因,那就是作者自己对所要表 达的意思也不是很有把握。
1.They seemed to enjoy those rewards which they had purchased by a course of unremitting fatigue and by victories which almost exceeded belief. 第一个 where引导的从句是非限定性定语从句,可以分 出来单独成句,作为补充说明, 译为: 他们对这些酬劳看来是很满意的,这些酬劳是他们 历经千辛万苦,通过取得许多次令人难以置信的胜 利得来的。
[练习] 翻译下列句子,注意名词性从句的译法. 练习] 翻译下列句子,注意名词性从句的译法.
1. It was incredible that the pilot could have survived the crash. 驾驶员在飞机坠毁之后,竟然还活着,真是令人难 以置信。 2. He would remind people again that it was decided not only by himself but by lots of other. 他再三提醒大家,决定这件事的不只是他一个人, 还有其他许多人。
2. On behalf of all your American guests, I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitality for which the Chinese people are justly famous throughout the world. 用分句法译为: 我谨代表所有美国客人向你们表示 感谢,感谢你们无可比拟的盛情款待,中国人民以这 种盛情款待而闻名世界。
1. He would never let the history books say of him that he had been content to sit on the sidelines, to be a gentle, leisurely President, letting events take their course. 他决不肯让将来的历史书说他甘当一个袖手旁观、 悠闲文雅而听任事情自流的总统。 2. A principle of science tells what usually happens under certain conditions. 科学原理告诉我们在一定条件下所会发生的事情。 三、同位语从句 本身含有一定内容的名词可带同位语从句,如fact, news, assumption, possibility等等,同位语从句的主要 作用是对名词做进一步的解释。
翻译部分的答题技巧和题型举例
