GMAT黄金资料 OG 逻辑 BIBLE分类+总结
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GMAT OG综合怎么用GMAT OG是备考GMAT考试的官方权威资料,对了解GMAT考试范围和特点以及高效备考有重要的帮助。
GMAT OG主要由OG分册和综合两部分组成,分册即针对每个单项进行讲解和提升。
那OG综合是什么,GMAT OG综合怎么用呢,接下来小编就为大家详细介绍。
GMAT OG的版本构成GMATOG从2000年开始发行,到2015年已经经历了从OG10到OG16几次的版本更新,这么多版本的OG有哪些区别呢,考生又该如何选择呢,小编这就为大家详细介绍:OG10 (2000年9月,ETS发布)。
OG 10 是GMAT考试仍由ETS承办时于2000年9月出版的官方指南,只有一本综合,没有分册。
OG11 (2005年暑期,GMAC发布。
三个分册:Overall, Verbal, Quantitative。
)三个册子相互之间内容不同,没有重题,一方面迎合GMAC将承办权交给Pearson (美国最大的提供学生评估测试的商业机构)运营,一方面透漏了今后的出题趋势。
OG12 (2009年3月,GMAC发布。
三个分册:Overall, Verbal, Quantitative。
)OG12也有很多重题。
在新版的OG12的907题中,有607题和OG11重复。
全书的大部分和OG11没有区别。
OG13 (2012年,GMAC发布,三个分册:Overall, Verbal, Quantitative。
)包含IR题型的测试系统。
OG15 (2014年7月,GMAC发布,三个分册:Overall, Verbal, Quantitative。
)新增了一套囊括有807道题的测试系统,读者可以通过随书附带的注册码登录测试。
新版OG则在此基础上补充了大量内容、新增了许多功能:OG16 (2015年6月,GMAC发布,三个分册),还有一个独家的配套在线工具,包含50道综合推理题、视频内容和定制题库,用户可以按照题目的数量和难度来灵活定制自己的练习题库。
GMAT备考方法之OG的使用方法在整个考试过程中,无论你有什么样的资料,OG都是整个复习的基础和核心。
很多人都会有疑问OG应该怎么刷。
接下来小编就带大家看看GMAT备考OG的使用方法的相关介绍,希望大家顺利备考GMAT考试。
1)语法:OG+曼哈顿Step 1:1周完成任务①每天完成曼哈顿两个章节的阅读,并总结自己的笔记和体会;②每天完成曼哈顿每个章节后面规定的语法题目;错题先自己纠错,标记错误的原因,回想曼哈顿的知识点对应;Step 2: 3天完成任务①每天完成OG语法五十题,尽量用自己曼哈顿里面看到的知识点做题;②粗看OG的解释,对应知识点又是什么;划出来重要的语法知识点;Step 3:4天完成任务①每天认真阅读OG后面的35题语法解释;体会OG怎么定义这个语法错误的;②总结和归纳曼哈顿的语法知识点笔记:四类四个方向,自己总结对应进去;主谓,修饰,比较并列和指代;Step 4:4天完成任务①每天阅读和翻译OG 35句正确句子;②复习自己总结过的曼哈顿笔记一遍;每天复习一个重点;Step 5:2天完成任务①每天完成Prep+OG的题目50题,模棱两可的题目要查清楚为什么错;②用曼哈顿的知识点+OG的知识点对OG后面的黑体字知识点进行总结;Step 6:4天完成任务①对OG每道题目进行归纳,总结到黑体字和对应曼哈顿语法的知识点;②从黑体字的知识点分类对OG每道题目后面的解释详细看;比如一天就看这几个知识章节的OG题目;Step 7:4天完成任务①每天做语法20-30题,然后也顺带继续看看OG;②从句意和形象化思路上看每句话;这些正确的选项为什么很舒服;2) 逻辑:OG+曼哈顿:Step 1:5天完成任务①每天完成OG25道逻辑题目;知道自己为什么错;②每天阅读曼哈顿逻辑一章,了解逻辑基本概念的定义:结论,假设,前提;③了解逻辑中的削弱,加强,假设结论题什么意思?怎么做;Step 2:6天完成任务①每天完成OG 20道逻辑题目后面的讲解阅读;认真阅读后面的reasoning;②了解逻辑链,找到OG每道题目的结论,他的前提是什么,假设是什么;③每天的这20道题目,用一句话概括出来,和什么相关作用于什么;Step 3:4天完成任务①完成四类逻辑题型的正确选项总结和错误选项的总结;②通过每个专题知识点,对题目进行总结:削弱加强;假设结论,其他;Step 4:5天完成任务①每天翻译25句英语逻辑翻译;②复习自己总结过的对应知识点;每种类型的逻辑题;Step 5:5天完成任务①每天做25道逻辑题目,凭感觉做;②认真看选项他是怎么定义的;3)阅读:OGStep 1:5天完成任务:OG的文章一天4篇,每天做一遍分析一遍,分析的时候要写出每篇文章的逻辑简图,文章的整体中心思想和每段段落大意。
GMAT逻辑机经2016年GMAT逻辑机经汇总GMAT逻辑机经以及分析均来自于网络,仅供广大考生考前参考之用。
以下是5月6日换库之后逻辑机经整理的第一部分。
一起来看看吧!1. Kitchen 杂志上 cookware逻辑:有一题 prep 上有,就是 Kitchen 杂志上 cookware 的那道,问加强。
prep:Kitchen magazine plans to license the use of its name by a line ofcookware. For a magazine, licensing the use of its name for products involvessome danger, since if the products disappoint consumers, the magazine'sreputation suffers, with consequent reductions in circulation and advertising.However, experts have evaluated the cookware and found it superior to all othercookware advertised in Kitchen. Therefore, Kitchen can collect its licensing feewithout endangering its other revenues.The argument above assumes which of the following?A. No other line of cookware is superior to that which will carry theKitchen name.B. Kitchen will not license the use of its name for any products other thanthe line of cookware.C. Makers of cookware will not find Kitchen a less attractive advertisingvehicle because the magazine's name is associated with a competing product.D. Consumers who are not regular readers of Kitchen magazine will beattracted to the cookware by the Kitchen name.E. Kitchen is one of the most prestigious cooking-related magazines.【分析】1. 找结论。
——参考范本——【资格考试】2019最新整理-GMAT逻辑题型总结______年______月______日____________________部门一、归纳 Conclusion1.复述原文2.原文逆否命题3.假设架桥(找Assumption)4. A>B & B>C 则 A>C错误选项一般用“无关”、“扩大推理范围”来排除*** 二、演绎1.假设1) 桥梁型2) 排除他因:多由一个Survey、study、discovery、数字增减等事实得出一个结论,拍出其他使该结论成立的原因,增加原结论成立的概率(非百分百成立)2.加强:增加原结论成立的概率(非百分百成立)1) 桥梁型:A-B2) 事实型:B存在3.削弱1) 前提-结论型:前提(原因)>> 结论(结果)I. 断桥:措施达不到目的(by+措施;to+目的)原因得不到结果(because;since;for)条件得不出结论(if,when,as long as)***取消桥梁的答案又能分为2种:1,李代桃僵;2,以偏概全(atongmu 这个能给个例子吗?~~)***II. 他因:受其他因素限制,措施未必达目的原因未必得结果条件未必得结论2) 因果型:前提(结果)>> 结论(原因)I. 断桥:同因异果异因同果II. 他因:解释前提(结果),还有其他原因导致结果的产生4.评价三、解释1.解释现象2.解释矛盾:提干涉及2个看似矛盾的现象,正确答案可以使2个现象同时成立。
四、句子作用五、填空六、其它类论证方法题:文章A>>B用具体此,选项C>>D用抽象词correspondingly逻辑相似题:文章A>>B用具体此,选项C>>D仍用具体词correspondingly推理缺陷题两人对话题。
GMAT备考:GMAT考试逻辑机经GMAT考试对同学们的逻辑分析能力提出了较高的要求,而这一点正是很多中国考生的弱势所在,下方为广大考生整理了GMAT考试逻辑机经,希望对各位了解GMAT考试,锻炼自己的逻辑分析能力有所帮助。
GMAT备考:GMAT考试逻辑机经1. 停车休息V1 daisychannie 有一道高速公路汽车司机应该开长时间车要休息但是很多司机不愿意休息说是因为给卡车的停车位少问weaken 我好像选的shopping mall里有很多停车位给卡车司机V2 LordVoldemort 逻辑只记得一题比较清楚,法律规定高速公路上司机超过10小时驾驶要休息一会,但是public停车位置不够,因此认为这项法律不能很好的执行。
问削弱。
答案有,有,很多服务区也提供了休息的位置;某个地方休息的位置比以前大Hutonian Government Official: Federal law requires truck drivers to take a long break after driving for ten hours, but truck drivers frequently do not comply. Since the public rest areas along our highways cannot accommodate all the drivers needing a break, we plan to build more rest areas to increase the rate of compliance.Hutonian Business Representative: But if the parking lots around our businesses are considered, there are more than enough parking places.Which of the following, if true about Hutonia, would provide a reason for persisting with the government official's plan despite the objection?(A) Public parking areas are evenly distributed along the highways.(B) Truck drivers are most likely not to comply with the federal law if the total time required for a trip exceeds ten hours by less than an hour.(C) In comparison to public rest areas, private parking lots near highways tend to be time-consuming for drivers to reach.(D) Even when rest areas are available, some truck drivers park in places, such as highway access ramps, where their trucks are likely to cause accidents.(E) Some public parking areas, particularly those on heavily traveled roads, are substantially larger than others.答案:C考古96、征服规定司机休息政府规定司机要开8小时车休息十小时但是司机说parking places太少了问削弱我选的其实很多什么商店提供了很多的parking places37. 【长途汽车】一个地方的准备制定一项法律规定当地长途车司机每开10小时要休息8小时。
GMAT逻辑到底考察什么内容?【GMAT备考干货分享】>>>武汉申友GMAT编辑<<<说到GMAT,可能大部分的同学第一感觉就是太难了,它考察的是逻辑思维能力,常常做题做到让人怀疑自己的智商,抓头挠腮的不知道该怎么办。
诚然,GMAT主要是考察你的逻辑思维,那么想要获得高分,你就要弄懂考试的规则。
GMAT的逻辑到底是什么?常常有同学提到逻辑就头疼,看到逻辑题也无从下手,题干中的增强削弱更是搞不清楚。
其实GMAT的逻辑部分,也就是我们常说的CR-Critical Reasoning部分,它并没有听起来那么难,想要做好这一部分的题目就一定要清楚GMAT的逻辑到底是什么?GMAT逻辑到底在考察我们什么?GMAT中的逻辑其实就是批判性推理题,考察我们的分析与决策能力。
分析能力:是否能够分析出论证的结论到底如何由条件推出的,并且在整个过程中有什么样的逻辑漏洞,也就是我们常说的逻辑链。
决策能力:分析出问题后,我们需要用不同的方式去解决这些问题,这也就是在逻辑中我们要处理不同题型,有不同的应对策略。
所以在做题的时候,我们一定要清楚做题步骤,先分析后决策,同时要清楚分析什么,不能盲目做题。
那么下面申友GMAT就用OG19中的一道题目来做一个例题讲解。
Neuroscientist: Memory evolved to help animals react appropriately to situations they encounter by drawing on the past experience of similar situations. But this does not require that animals perfectly recall every detail of all their experiences. Instead, to function well, memory should generalize from past experiences that are similar to the current one.The neuroscientist`s statements, if true, most strongly support which of the following conclusions?A.At least some animals perfectly recall every detail of at least some past experiences.B. Perfectly recalling every detail of all their past experiences could help at least some animals react more appropriately than they otherwise would to new situations they encounter.C.Generalizing from past experiences requires clear memories of most if not all the details of those experiences.D.Recalling every detail of all past experiences would be incompatible with any ability to generalize from those experiences.E.Animals can often react more appropriately than they otherwise would to situations they encounter if they draw on generalizations from past experiences of similar situations.解题步骤:1、判断题型,清楚目标The neuroscientist`s statements, if true, most strongly support which of the following conclusions?神经科学家的论断支持下列的哪一个结论,因此本题为结论题/归纳题。
GMAT高分TIPS-逻辑题型标志词总结第一篇:GMAT高分TIPS-逻辑题型标志词总结内容提要:在面对GMAT逻辑题目的时候,第一步就是看准问题,明确题目类型,从而运用不同的技巧解题。
下面我们就对各种题型的关键词做一个总结,希望可以帮助你在考场上从容面对各种问题。
一.归纳题标志词:conclusion;inferred;implied;supported;if above true, then it is also true。
(注:support不仅仅用于归纳法。
举例来说,归纳法的表达应为:Which of the following are supported by the argument above?如果换个说法就可以变成加强题型的表述:Which of the following support the argument above?所以在解题的时候要格外小心。
)二.演绎题1.第一种文章:前提推结论型A.假设题:标志词:assume;assumption;presuppose(特指对于前提的假设);additional premise;not true unless;depend on;rely on.B.加强题:标志词:support(注意和归纳题目的区分);strengthen, conclusion can be drawn if it were true that.C.削弱题:标志词:weaken;cast doubt;argue against;damage;counter;challenge;flaw;refute;jeopardize;criticis m;undermine;drawback;reasoning error;weakness.(其中flaw,criticism,reasoning error和weakness属于名词性的削弱)。
D.评价题:标志词:evaluate,appraisal(根据加强题做)2.第二种文章:因果结构文章内部标志词:A is due to B;A is attribute to B;A is result of B;blame B on/for A;B is responsible forA;credit A to B.问题中的标志词:explanation;interpretation;hypothesis。
GMAT OG 是什么gmat og是什么意思?对于一些刚刚接触gmat的新人来说,难免会对OG、RC等术语产生疑问,到底这些“诡异”的简写是什么意思?接下来小编详细为大家介绍一下GMAT OG是什么,希望对大家备考GMAT考试有所帮助。
GMAT考试OG= Official Guide,在GMAT考试版区中,OG的意义就是GMAT考试官方指南。
目前有三版: OG 10、OG 11、OG 12。
GMAT考试介绍OG 10 是GMAT考试仍由ETS承办时于2000年9月出版的官方指南。
5年之后(2005年暑期),GMAC发布了OG11(有三个册子,Overall, Verbal, Quantitative。
相互之间内容不同,没有重题),一方面迎合GMAC将承办权交给Pearson (美国最大的提供学生评估测试的商业机构)运营,一方面提供今后出题趋势的信息。
目前最新的官方指南是OG12(于2009年3月出版)。
以下是个版本GMAT OG之间的对比:GMAT考试OG 10和OG 11有很多重题。
相比OG10,OG11里的题目按照难度来排列(但这两本官方指南的总体难度相当)。
而且解释更加清晰(对每个选项都进行了解释)。
在Verbal部分,OG 11还对各分项(CriticalReasoning, Reading Comprehension,Sentence Correcting)的题目类型进行了分类。
从GMAT考试介绍题量上讲,在数学方面,OG10包括441道Problem Solving题和274道Data Sufficiency题。
在这些题目中, 328道Problem Solving题和215道Data Sufficiency 题出现在OG11中。
此外,OG11提供了新的121道Problem Solving题和82道DataSufficiency题。
值得注意的是,OG11的Quantitative分册没有新的题目,它完全和OG10重题。
GMAT逻辑题型标志词总结及有关题型的解释在面对GMAT逻辑题目的时候,第一步就是看准问题,明确题目类型,从而运用不同的技巧解题。
下面我们就对各种题型的关键词做一个总结,希望可以帮助你在考场上从容面对各种问题。
一.归纳题标志词:conclusion; inferred; implied; supported; if above true, thenit is also true。
(注:support不仅仅用于归纳法。
举例来说,归纳法的表达应为:Which of the following are supported by the argument above?如果换个说法就可以变成加强题型的表述:Which of the following support the argument above?所以在解题的时候要格外小心。
)二.演绎题1.第一种文章:前提推结论型A.假设题:标志词:assume; assumption; presuppose (特指对于前提的假设); additional premise; not true unless; depend on; rely on.B.加强题:标志词:support(注意和归纳题目的区分); strengthen, conclusion can bedrawn if it were true that.C.削弱题:标志词:weaken; cast doubt; argue against; damage; counter; challenge;flaw; refute; jeopardize; criticism; undermine; drawback; reasoning error;weakness. (其中flaw,criticism,reasoning error和weakness属于名词性的削弱)。
D.评价题:标志词:evaluate,appraisal。
GMATOG11大总结先看动词数的配合,找到主语a surge,动词必须为单数。
现在完成时表示动词的动作show action continuing into the present。
一般过去时表示已经完成的动作completed action For there being, forbeing, for a recovery finally必错白勇P81Would, should, could和might表示在非真实条件句中表示假想的可能,以至非事实。
定语从句与同位语从句的区别 1.定语从句是形容词从句,其句法功能相当于一个形容词,与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰关系,即限定它前面的名词范围,或补充一些情况。
同位语从句是名词从句,其作用相当于一个名词,与前面的名词是同位关系,是对前面的名词作进一步解释,即说明它前面名词的内容。
试比较The news that he told me just now is true.他刚才告诉我的消息是真的。
析定语从句,从句对前面名词起修饰限制作用,即“他告诉我的”那个消息,而不是别的消息。
The news that l have passed the exam is true.我通过了考试这一消息是真的。
析同位语从句,即从句所表达的意思就是前面名词的内容。
2.同位语从句与其所修饰的名词之间是一种同位关系,二者之间存在逻辑上的系表关系,可用“主系表”结构来表示,而定语从句则没有这种关系。
例如The news that he won the first place is true. 他赢得冠军的那个消息是真的。
若用“主系表”结构来表示,则是The news is that he won the first place. 消息是他赢得了冠军。
3.定语从句的先行词可以是各类名词,而可跟同位语从句的名词通常只有news,idea,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,hope,message,suggestion,word(消息),possibility,sense等。
The first family:特点:所有在题干出现的信息都是正确的,即使原文论据错误,也必须利用起来,在选项中的正确答案必须涵盖了题干的信息,如果没有的,一定是错误的!MUST BE TRUE:1. Question Stem:If the statements above are true, which of the following must also be true?Which one of the following conclusions is best supported by the statements above? The statements above, if true, best support which of the following assertions? Which of the following can be correctly inferred from the statements above?2. 正确答案的类型:A. Paraphrase(重述题干的信息)B.所有题干信息结合3. 不正确答案类型:A. could be true:可能正确的,记住你必须要选择必须正确答案!B.exaggerated: 这里用到例如题干是some, 选项变成了many,绝对话的词语不选!C.New information: 超出了题干的信息外的选项或者不是信息的结合体D.The shell Game: 类似的现象,错误选项会利用题干的其中一个点,然后套用到和题干信息非常相似的点上!E.Opposite:和题干提供的信息相反F.Reverse: 数字或者逻辑结构的调换,例如本来是Many people have some type.变成了some people have many type54. The fewer restrictions there are on the advertising of legal services, the more lawyers there are who advertise their services, and the lawyers who advertise aspecific service usually charge less for that service than the lawyers who do not advertise. Therefore, if the state removes any of its current restrictions, such as the one against advertisements that do not specify fee arrangements, overall consumer legal costs will be lower than if the state retains its current restrictions.逻辑链:论证结构:前提->结论ArgumentPremise: fewer restrictions, more advertising, less charge for specific service than the lawyers do not advertise.Conclusion: if state removes any restrictions, legal costs are less consumed. Situation Consumer legal costs will be reduced if the state removes even one restriction on lawyers’ advertisements because the fewer the restrictions, the greater the number of lawyers who advertise, and lawyers who advertise charge less than lawyers who do not advertise.研究显示,对律师做广告的限制越少,做广告的律师就越多。
而一般做广告的律师收费比不做广告的律师收费要少。
因此,本州如果取消所有对律师做广告的限制,所有人在法律方面的开销要比保留这些限制时的小。
Question Stem:(Must be true,原文所有点正确,选项的内容必须和原文一致)If the statements above are true, which of the following must be true? Reasoning What conclusion can logically be drawn? The argument sets up an inverse proportion: the fewer the number of restrictions on ads, the greater the number of lawyers who advertise. This is true of all restrictions and all lawyers. Therefore, removing any one restriction necessarily increases the number of lawyers who advertise.Answer Analysis:(A)Some lawyers who now advertise will charge more for specific services if they donot have to specify fee arrangements in the advertisements.(New information)The lawyers may charge more, but nothing in the passage rules out the possibility that no lawyer will charge more.(B) More consumers will use legal services if there are fewer restrictions on the advertising of legal services. (New information)No evidence in the passage indicates that there will be an increased use of legal services.(C) If the restriction against advertisements that do not specify fee arrangements is removed, more lawyers will advertise their services.和原文黑体字部分一样:removed=lessCorrect. This statement properly identifies a conclusion that logically follows, because reducing any restriction will increase the number of lawyers who advertise.(D) If more lawyers advertise lower prices for specific services, some lawyers who do not advertise will also charge less than they currently charge for those services.(Newinformation)Nothing in the passage indicates that lawyers who continue not to advertise will be compelled to lower their fees.(E) If the only restrictions on the advertising of legal services were those that apply to every type of advertising, most lawyers would advertise their services.(Exaggerated+New information+ Opposite)The argument concerns numbers of advertisers rather than types; it remains possible that few lawyers would advertise.60. Neither a rising standard of living nor balanced trade, by itself, establishes a country’s ability to compete in the international marketplace.(Background)Both are required simultaneously since standards of living can rise because of growing trade deficits and trade can be balanced by means of a decline in a country’s standard of living.注意Neither…nor …simultaneously逻辑链:论证结构:前提-结论-前提Situation A country’s ability to compete in the international marketplace depends on both a rising standard of living and balanced trade.单独提升生活质量,或是实现贸易平衡都不能塑造一个国家的竞争力。
两者同时实现才有效,因为提升生活质量会造成贸易赤字,而赤字可以通过降低生活质量来减少。
Question Stem: must be trueIf the facts stated in the passage above are true, a proper test of a country’s ability to be competitive is its ability toReasoning What must a country do to be considered competitive? The passage states that there are two conditions that must be met simultaneously: The standard of living must rise, and trade must be balanced. While it is possible for the standard of living to rise when trade is not balanced and for trade to be balanced while the standard of living is falling, neither of these situations allows the country to be considered competitive internationally. The country must both balance trade and have a rising standard of living.Answer Analysis:(A) balance its trade while its standard of living risesCorrect. This statement properly identifies the two requirements the country must meet at the same time.(B) balance its trade while its standard of living fallsOne of the two conditions is not met; the standard of living must be rising, not falling.(C) increase trade deficits while its standard of living risesOne of the two conditions is not met; trade must be balanced.(D) decrease trade deficits while its standard of living fallsNeither of the conditions is met; trade must be balanced, and the standard of living must be rising.(E) keep its standard of living constant while trade deficits riseNeither of the conditions is met; the standard of living must be rising, not constant, and trade must be balanced.66. To protect certain fledgling industries, the government of Country Z banned imports of the types of products those industries were starting to make. As a direct result, the cost of those products to the buyers, several export-dependent industries in Z, went up, sharply limiting the ability of those industries to compete effectively in their export markets.逻辑链:论证结构:措施目的型前提—>前提Situation Country Z bans the importation of products that would compete with those that some of its new industries are beginning to make. Consequently, theexport-dependent local industries that buy these products must pay more for them, and these exporters are now less competitive in their markets.为了保护新兴产业,Z国政府限制了这些产业相关的进口,导致需要依赖进口的一些出口行业成本提高,很大程度影响了出口行业的竞争力。