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away from abnormal异常 ablaction断乳 abduction外展；诱拐abdomen；belly abdominalgia腹痛 abdominoscopy腹腔镜检查acantha棘acanthocyte [Spur cell]棘红细胞 Keratoacanthoma角化细胞棘皮瘤acetyl radical乙酰基acetic acid醋酸acetamide乙酰胺 acetometer醋酸计acid acidemia酸血症acidosis酸中毒auditus；audition听力acoustics声学acoutometer听力计extremity肢端；acuminate/acute尖头的acromegaly肢端肥大acrocephaly尖头畸形radioactive rays放射线actinomycin放线菌素actinomycosis放线菌病near；toward adhension粘连gland adenine [purine] 腺嘌呤adenoma腺瘤lipid adiposis肥胖病adipoma脂肪瘤adrenal gland adrenaline肾上腺素air aerobic需氧的aerogastria胃积气feeling=sensation aesthetic美学 anaesthesia 麻醉hyperesthesia感觉过敏 somatesthesia躯体感觉expedite；accelerate；promote加速galactagogue催乳药 cholagogue利胆药white albinism白化病 albumin白蛋白pain abdominalgia腹痛oversensitivity allergen变应原different allogenic异源的alveolus；air sac肺泡alveolar肺泡的weak弱；torpor迟钝amblyopia弱视 amblyacousia听觉迟钝starch淀粉amylase淀粉酶 amyloidosis淀粉样变性not；without anemia贫血 aborticide堕胎药 abasia不能步行 anuria无尿anaphylaxis过敏anaphylatoxin过敏毒素male androgen雄激素 andrology男性学vessel angiogram心血管造影术unequal不等anisocoria瞳孔大小不等 anisocytosiscrooked；stiff僵硬ankylosis关节僵硬 ankylotic关节僵硬的anus transanal经肛的agent depressant抑制剂before antenatal出生前 antebrachium前臂 [brachi：arm] human anthropotomy人体解剖against antibody抗体remove脱去apomorphine去水吗啡 apoenzyme脱辅基酶artery arteriosclerosis动脉硬化 arteriole小动脉articulation发音；关节dysarthria发音困难=dysphonia；arthritis关节炎articular关节的arthropathy关节病enzyme oxidase氧化酶proteinase蛋白酶fatty substance atheroma动脉粥样硬化heart chamber atrioventricular房室的ear auricle耳廓；心耳 auriscope耳镜self autograft自体移植 autologous自体的 autodigestion自体消化bacillus杆菌bacillosis杆菌病 bacillouria杆菌尿 lactobacillus乳酸杆菌bacteria bacteriolysin溶菌素pressure baroreceptor压力感受器 barotrauma气压伤base碱basophil嗜碱细胞 basoplasm嗜碱胞质two bilateral两边的 biceps二头肌biconcave两面凹的 bifidobacteria双歧杆菌life biopsy活检biocide杀虫剂probiotic bacteria益生菌embryo；bud；shoot；sprout胚；芽blastocyst胚泡blastomyces出芽酵母菌blephar；eyelid眼睑blepharoptosis眼睑下垂blepharospasm眼睑痉挛arm biceps brachii肱二头肌slow bradycardia心动过缓bradytocia分娩迟缓bradykinin缓激肽bronchiole细支气管bronchiolitis细支气管炎bronchus支气管bronchodilation=bronchoectasis支气管扩张bronchoscope支气管镜badness cacophony刺耳的calcium calculus结石calcification钙化carbon碳carbohydrate碳水化合物carbonate碳酸盐carcinoma；cancer carcinostatic抑制癌症的carcinogenic致癌的carcinemia癌血症heart cardioplasty贲门成形术cardiogenic心源性cardiovascular心血管down向下catastrophe=cataclysm大灾难catalog目录cecum盲肠cecoptosis [下垂] 盲肠下垂protuberance；protrusion突出物hydrocele鞘膜积液；水囊肿chylocele乳糜囊肿peritoneal cavity腹腔celioscopy腹腔镜检查celiac腹腔的center centrifuge离心机centrosome中心体head cephalosporin头孢菌素megacephaly巨头畸形cephalic头侧的cephalohematoma头部血肿cerebellum cerebellar小脑brain=cerebrum大脑cerebrospinal脑脊髓的cerebrotomy脑切开术neck cervical颈部的cervicodorsal颈背部labium；lips唇cheilosis唇部损伤cheiloplasty唇部成形术chemistry chemotherapy化疗chemotaxis趋化性chlorine氯chloromycin氯霉素chloroform氯仿biliary duct胆管cholangitis胆管炎cholangiography胆管造影术gallbaldder cholecystalgia胆绞痛cholecystokinin胆囊收缩素cholecystectomy胆囊切除术common biliary duct胆总管choledochitis胆总管炎choledochotomy胆总管切开术bile；gall choleric胆汁质cholecyst胆囊cholelith胆结石cholagogue利胆药cholemia胆血症cartilage chondral软骨的chondrocyte软骨细胞chondroma软骨瘤绒毛膜；脉络膜choriocarcinoma绒毛膜癌chorioretinitis脉络膜视网膜炎脉络膜choriodopathy脉络膜病pigment色素cytochrome细胞色素chromosome染色体chromatin染色质chyle乳糜chyluria乳糜尿chylocele乳糜囊肿kill gemicide杀菌剂around circumcision包皮环切术circumpolar极圈coccus球菌streptococcus链球菌deep sleep comatose昏迷against contraindication禁忌症contraceptive避孕药faeces粪便coprolith粪石coprostasis粪积crown coronary artery冠状动脉rib intercostal肋间的skull cranium头盖骨cranial颅的cool冷cryotherapy冷冻疗法cryophilic嗜冷的blue cyanosis发绀digit；toe；finger dactylomegaly巨指畸形teeth dentin牙本质skin dermatology皮肤病学dermatomycosis皮肤真菌病apart分离dislocation脱位desoxycorticosterone脱氧皮质酮right右dextrocardia右位心dextrose右旋糖two dioxide二氧化物disaccharide双糖through diarrhea腹泻double；two diplococcus双球菌diplopia复视double metareduplicate中期增殖dura mater硬脑膜subdural硬膜下pain osteodynia骨痛difficult dyslexia诵读困难dysmenorrhea痛经dyspepsia消化不良dysuria排尿困难expansion；dilation扩张bronchodilation=bronchoectasis支气管扩张gastrectasis胃扩张outside of ectoderm外胚层ectoparasite体外寄生虫surgical removel thymectomy胸腺切除术electron electroencephalogram脑电图electrocardiograph心电图仪blood anemia贫血brain=cerebrum大脑encephalasthenia脑衰弱encephaledema脑水肿encephaloma脑瘤inside endocellular细胞内的endocrine内分泌endocardium心内膜intestine enteritis肠炎enterococcus肠球菌enterotoxin肠毒素on top of epiphysitis骨骺炎 [epiphysis骨骺] epidermis表皮epigastric上腹部red erythrocyte红细胞erythromycin红霉素cause etiology病因学etiotropic [旋转；促] 针对病因的good eugentics优生学euglobulin优球蛋白eukaryote真核生物out of；away from expectoration咳出excison切除exotoxin外毒素outside of extravasation外渗extrahepatic肝外的extrasystole期外收缩fascia；band筋膜fasciodesis筋膜固定术fast禁止的drugfast抗药的femur femoral股骨的iron；Ferrum铁ferritin铁蛋白ferric高铁的亚铁ferrous亚铁的ferroheme亚铁血红素fetus胎儿fetometry胎儿测量法fetography胎儿照相术fiber fibrous纤维的yellow flavin黄素flavoprotein黄素蛋白fluorine氟fluoride氟化物fluoroscopyX线透视；荧光屏检查fluorosis氟中毒fungus真菌fungicide杀真菌剂fungistasis制霉菌作用milk galactose半乳糖galactagogue催乳药lactation哺乳gamete配子gametocyte配子体gametogenesis配子发生marriage heterogamy异配生殖ganglion=knot神经节ganglioneuroma神经节神经细胞瘤stomach gastroptosis胃下垂gastrointestinal胃肠的gastralgia胃痛generate；reproduce生殖genitalia生殖器genitourinary泌尿生殖的genital duct生殖道gene genome基因组genetics遗传学neuroglia神经胶质细胞glioma神经胶质细胞瘤glomerulus肾小球glomerulitis肾小球肾炎glucose glucocorticoid糖皮质激素knowing gnosis灵知 [Gnosis come from practice实践出真知]gonads生殖腺gonadotropin促性腺激素gonadopathy性腺病record placentogram胎盘照片instrument to record cardiopneumograph心肺运动描记recording ureterography输尿管造影female gynecology妇科学gynecomastia男子女性型乳房sunshine heliosis日光病heliotherapy日光疗法half hemiparesis轻偏瘫hemiplegia偏瘫hemisphere半球blood hemoglobin血红蛋白hematopericardium心包积血hemoagioma血管瘤liver hepatocele肝突出different heterogamete异种配子sweating hidropoiesis汗分泌tissue histology组织学histolysis组织溶解histocompatibility组织相容性histamine组胺omni；whole全holoenzyme全酶holoantigen全抗原same homogenic同体的homograft同种移植liquid humorism体液学说over；above；excessive hypertension高血压sleep hypnotherapy催眠疗法hypnosis催眠deficient；insufficient 缺乏；beneath；under hypothyroid甲状腺功能低下的hypodermic皮下的hypalgesia痛觉减退hypokalemia低血钾uterus；womb子宫hysteromyoma子宫肌瘤hysterectomy子宫切除术pathological condition anoxia缺氧症状peculiar,own,private特别；自发idiosyncracy特殊体质idiopathic特发的agent insulin胰岛素beneath infrastructure基础设施infratemporal颞下的infrared红外的between intercostal肋间的interscapular肩胛间的within intracellular细胞间的intraoperation手术中的into introjection内向投射deficiency ischemia局部缺血equal isomorphous同形的inflammation epiphysitis骨骺炎 [epiphysis骨骺]humpback驼背kyphosis驼背lip labiodental唇牙的tear lacrimotomy泪囊切开术milk lactation哺乳layer laminogram体层照片larynx喉larygospasm喉痉挛smooth leiomyoma平滑肌瘤seizure发作epilepsy癫痫thin；slender leptomeningitis柔脑膜炎word；phrase dyslexia诵读困难tongue sublingual舌下的lobo of lung lobectomy叶切除术bent lordosis脊柱前凸loin腰部；里脊肉lumbar腰的large macrocyte巨细胞ill；bad；poor malnutrition营养不良mammary gland乳腺mastectomy乳房切除术mastoiditis乳突炎mastoid process乳突urethra尿道meatoplasty尿道成形术mediastinum纵隔mediastinoscopy纵隔镜检查mening脑脊髓膜meningocele脑脊膜突出；meningitis脑膜炎menstruation menopathy月经病menopause绝经 menorrhalgia绝经medium中间mesoderm中胚层mesothelioma间皮瘤along with metastasis转移 metaplasia化生uterus；womb子宫metroptosis子宫脱垂 metrocarcinoma子宫癌measure thermometry温度检验学 cytometry细胞计数thread mitochondria线粒体malaria疟疾malariology疟疾学mucus mucoprotein粘蛋白fungus mycosis真菌病 erythromycin红霉素marrow myelitis骨髓炎muscle myoatrophy肌萎缩muscle myositis肌炎mucus黏液myxoma黏液性瘤 myxedema粘液性水肿millimicro毫微nanometer纳米 nanodosimetry超微剂量学numbness=stupor narcosis麻醉 narcotic麻醉药nose nasogastric鼻胃的 nasoseptum鼻中隔 nasitis鼻炎dead body necrosis坏死 necrotic坏死的new neonate新生儿neoplasm 新生物；肿瘤kidney nephritis肾炎nerve neuralgia神经痛nucleus nucleoplasm核质的nucleolus核仁nucleotide核苷酸nutrition nutriology营养学eye oculonasal眼鼻的oculomotor眼球运动的teeth odontolysis牙质溶解few；less oligemia血量减少oliguria少尿study nephrology肾病学tumor nephroma肾瘤umbilicus肚脐omphalocele脐疝omphalitis脐炎tumor oncogene致癌基因oncology肿瘤学eye ophthalmotonometer眼压计Ophthalmology眼科学examination autopsy尸体解剖necropsy尸体剖检straight orthopnea端坐呼吸create an artificial opening ventriculoatriostomy脑室心房造口术ovary ovariocentesis卵巢穿刺术egg ovogenesis卵子发生oxygen hypoxia缺氧palate palatorrhaphy腭裂修复术beside paranephric肾旁的parasite parasitemia寄生虫血症slight paralysis hemiparesis轻偏瘫knee cap膝盖patellar膝盖骨disease pathogen病原体pathology病理学chest expectoration咳出renal pelvis [骨盆] 肾盂pelviscopy肾盂镜检pelvic骨盆的around perinephritis肾周炎pericardium心包pericardium perocardiocentesis心包穿刺eat bacteriophage噬菌体drug phymocology药理学pharynx pharyngoglossal咽舌的pharyngeal咽的speech aphasia失语症love hemophilus嗜血杆菌vein phlebitis静脉炎venous静脉exaggerated fear phobia恐惧症voice；sound dysphonia发音困难phonocardiography心音描记术diaphragm横隔；mind精神phrenic膈的；schizophrenia精神分裂症prevention prophylaxis疾病预防nature physiology生理学placenta胎盘placentitis胎盘炎surgical repair cardioplasty贲门成形术paralysis hemiplegia偏袒 [hemiparesis轻偏瘫]pleura胸膜pleurotomy胸膜切开术breathing apnea呼吸暂停lung；air pneumonia肺炎production hematopoiesis造血grey poliomyelitis脊髓灰质炎many polycystic多囊的pons脑桥cerebellopontine小脑脑桥door portography门静脉造影术after；behind postpartum产后的potential potentiality潜在性action apraxia运动不能before prepyloric幽门前的before；in front of prophylaxis疾病预防procephalic头前方的beginning protooncogene原癌基因mind psychotic精神病的prolapse下垂hang down gastroptosis胃下垂cecoptosis [下垂] 盲肠下垂spitting hemoptysis咯血lung pulmometry肺容量测定renal pelvis [骨盆] 肾盂pyelonephritis肾盂肾炎pylorus幽门pyloric幽门的pylorospasm幽门痉挛pus pyoarthrosis关节积脓病nerve root神经根radiculopathy神经根病radius桡骨radial桡骨的kidney renal肾的hehind；backward retroversion后倾症rod rhabdomyoma横纹肌瘤nose rhinorrhea鼻溢液rhythm cacorhythmic节律不齐的arrhythmia心律不齐bleeding hemorrhage出血flow dysmenorrhea痛经diarrhea腹泻flesh sarcoma肉瘤split schizoid精神分裂症的schizophrenia精神分裂症twisted scoliosis脊柱侧弯 [lordosis脊柱前凸] instrument for examining cyctoscope膀胱镜viewing urethroscopy尿道镜检sperm seminology精液学serum serodiagnosis血清学诊断sinus sinoatrial窦房的sinus鼻窦sinusitis鼻窦炎corps somatesthesia躯体感觉body lysosome溶酶体phagosome吞噬体sleep insomnia失眠somnific催眠的pulse sphygmomanometer血压计spine脊髓spinal脊髓的breathing spirometer肺活量计spleen splenatrophy脾萎缩vertebra spondylitis脊椎炎inhibiting抑制carcinostatic抑制癌症的sternum胸骨sternocostal胸肋的chest stethoscope听诊器strength neurasthenia神经衰弱myasthenia肌无力mouth stomoschisis口炎under；below subdural硬膜下subcutaneous皮下的same syngenic同基因的fast tachycardia心动过速order；coordination方向ataxia共济失调tendon tenodesis肌腱固定术tendonitis肌腱炎thalamus丘脑thalamic丘脑的sheath thecoplasm鞘质的intrathecal鞘内的thelium epithelium上皮treatment radiotherapy放射治疗chest thoracotomy胸廓切开术chest thoracic胸的pleural cavity胸腔hemothorax血胸clot thrombolysis血栓溶解thymus胸腺thymocyte胸腺细胞incision cardiotomy心切开术tone；tension紧张力myotonia肌强直tonsils扁桃体tonsillectomy扁桃体切除术poison toxicology毒理学trachea气管tracheospasm气管痉挛across transaminase转氨酶transcription转录three triamylose葡萄三聚糖nutrition trophoblast滋养层growth hypertrophy肥大acting upon adrenaltropic促肾上腺的ulna尺骨ulnar尺骨的ureter输尿管ureteroscopy输尿管镜检urethra urethral尿道的urine urinary泌尿的vagus nerve迷走神经vagal迷走神经的valve valvuloplasty瓣膜成形术vessel vasoconstriction血管收缩vascular脉管的lower heart chamber ventriculotomy心室切开术vertebra椎骨vertebral椎骨的bladder vesicorectal膀胱直肠的。
医学英语情景实用指南Section 4 The Secret to learning Medical English VocabularyUnit 1 Basic Patterns of WordFormation学习医学英语构词法是扩大医学英语词汇量最有效的方法之一。
大局部医学词汇都是词根〔root/stem/base〕、前缀〔prefix〕、后缀〔suffix〕和结合元音〔bining vowels〕的各种不同组合。
词根，也可以称作词干，是组成一个单词的最根本要素和主干，是一个单词的根本局部。
它具有确定的意义，表示一个单词的根本意思。
词根是同根词共有的可以识别出来的局部。
有的词根可以单独作为一个词使用。
在大多数情况下，词根通过在它前后加上前缀或后缀而衍生出多种不同的派生词。
例如，nephro-和hepato都是词根，意思分别是肾脏和肝。
它们与后面括号里不同的后缀〔-itis炎症，-oma瘤，-oid类似的，-pathy病，-algia疼痛，-tomy切开术，-ectomy切除术〕结合在一起，就会衍生出下面一系列不同的派生词：nephritis 肾炎，nephroma肾瘤，nephroid类似肾脏的，nephropathy肾脏病，nephralgia肾痛，nephrotomy 肾切开术，nephrectomy肾切除术，hepatosis肝病，hepatoma肝瘤，hepatoid类肝的，hepatopathy 肝病，hepatalgia肝痛，hepatomy肝切开术，hepatectomy肝切除术。
前缀一般置于词根或者单词的前部，具有一定的含义，起到限定词根或者单词意义的作用，它可以增加、改变或者加强一个词根或者单词的意义。
同一词根或单词前面加上不同的前缀，就可构成意义不同的新单词；而后缀那么置于词根或者单词的后部，其作用是提供该词的附加意义，并确定该词的词性。
后缀一般包括名词后缀、形容词后缀、动词后缀和副词后缀等;结合元音大多数情况下为字母o，有时也用i，其作用只是连接词根与词根，或者词根与词缀。
medicine词根词缀摘要：一、词根概述二、词缀概述三、medicine词根词缀的具体分析四、实例展示五、总结与应用正文：一、词根概述在英语中，词根是单词的基本部分，它们通常表示单词的词义。
词根可以来自拉丁语、希腊语等多种语言，通过添加前缀、后缀或其他词根，形成新的词汇。
今天我们将重点探讨词根medicine，了解其含义及相关的词缀。
二、词缀概述词缀是加在词根前、后的一部分，用来改变单词的词义和语法属性。
词缀分为前缀、后缀和中间缀。
前缀通常位于单词开头，改变单词的意义；后缀位于单词结尾，表示单词的词类；中间缀则位于单词内部，对词义和词类产生影响。
三、medicine词根词缀的具体分析1.词根：medicin-medicine一词的词根是medicin-，源自拉丁文medicus，意为“医生”。
在此基础上，我们可以找到一些相关词汇，如medical（医学的）、medicate（用药治疗的）等。
2.前缀- pre-：表示时间上的“在前”，如prehistory（史前）、preview（预览）等。
- mis-：表示错误、相反的意义，如misunderstand（误解）、mislead （误导）等。
3.后缀- -ology：表示学科，如geology（地质学）、biology（生物学）等。
- -ian：表示从事某职业的人，如musician（音乐家）、athlete（运动员）等。
四、实例展示1.词根词缀的运用：例如，我们可以将medicine词根与词缀结合，创造出新词如medicinal （药用的）、medically（医学上地）等。
2.实际应用：在阅读或写作时，了解词根词缀有助于更好地理解单词含义，提高词汇运用能力。
例如，掌握了mis-前缀，就能理解misfortune（不幸）等词的意义。
1 0 0 个最最常用医学词根和词缀Table1Examplesoforgansandsystems（部分器官与系统术语）中文一般词根/前/后形容词示例缀1心heart cardio cardiac cardiology心脏病学cardial endocarditis心内膜炎myocarditis心肌炎2脑brain cerebro cerebral cerebrum大脑encephalo cerebellum小脑encephalopathy 脑病3颅skull cranio cranial intracranial颅内的4肺lung Pulmo pulmonary pulmonology肺病学pulmono pulmonitis肺炎5肝liver hepato hepatic hepatitis肝炎hepatobiliary肝胆的hepatoenterostomy 肝肠切合6肾kidney nephro renal nephritis肾炎nephropathy肾病nephrectomy肾切除7胃stomach gastro gastric gastritis 胃炎gastrectomy胃切除8肠intestine entero intestinal enteritis 肠炎gut gastroenteritis 胃肠炎bowel enterostomy肠造口术9食道 /esophagus esophago esophageal esophagitis食道炎管esophagoscopy 食道镜10胆（汁） Bile chole biliary cholecystitis胆囊炎cholesterol胆固醇11脾spleen spleno splenic splenectomy脾切除splenomegaly 脾大12胰pancreas pancreato pancreatic pancreatitis胰腺pancreatopathy 胰腺病13膀胱bladder cysto cystic cystitis 膀胱炎cyst cystography膀胱造影14（泌）urine uro urinary urology 泌尿病学尿urethro transurethral经尿道的15直肠rectus recto rectal rectoscopy直肠镜检查rectoplasty直肠成形术rectocolitis直肠结肠炎16结肠colon colo colonal colitis 结肠炎colostomy结肠造口17肌muscle myo muscular myocarditis心肌炎myoma肌瘤18关节joint arthro articular arthritis关节炎arthropathy关节病19骨bone osteo osteoarthritis骨关节炎osteoplasty骨整形20髓marrow myelo myeloma骨髓瘤myelitis骨髓炎myelopathy骨髓病21血blood hemato hematic hematology血液学hematoma 血肿22血管vessel vaso vascular vasopressin血管加压素angio angiography血管造影23动脉artery arterio arterial arteriosclerosis 动脉硬化24静脉vein veno venous Intravenous静脉内的25神经nerve neuro nervous neuron神经元neuroma神经瘤26细胞cell cyto cellular cytology细胞学leukocyte白细胞27眼eye ophthalm ocular ophthalmology 眼科学o visual ophthalmitis眼炎oculo28耳ear audio auditory Audiometer听力计audible audiosurgery耳外科29鼻nose rhino nasal rhinorrhea鼻溢naso nasogastric鼻胃的30口mouth oro oral orolingual口舌的31舌tongue linguo lingual sublingual舌下的32喉throat laryngo laryngeal laryngectomy喉切除laryngitis喉炎33咽throat pharyngo pharyngeal pharyngitis咽炎34气管 /Airway/pipe tracheo tracheal tracheostomy气管插管道/passage tracheoscope气管镜tracheoesophageal气管食道的35体body-some/so physical psychosomatice身心的me-chromosome染色体36精神mind psycho-mental psychology心理学psychosis精神病Table2Examplesofdiseasedstates(部分病 )含跟/前/后示例37病patho-pathogen病原体 /pathology病理学-pathy encephalopathy病38病-osis neurosis神病 /tuberculosis核39增加-osis leukocytosis白胞增加症40减少-penia pancytopenia全血胞减少41炎症-itis arthritis关炎 /hepatitis 肝炎42-oma lymphoma淋巴瘤 /carcinoma癌43痛苦-algia arthralgia关痛 /analgesia止痛-algesia44血症-emia leukemia白血病 /bacteremia菌血症45麻痹-plegia hemiplegia偏 /myoplegia肌肉麻痹46坏死necro hepatonecrosis肝坏死 /necrotic坏死的-necrosis47不良mal-malnutrition养不良 /malfunction 功能障碍 ,48流出-rrhea diarrhea腹泻 /menorrhea 月49困 /阻碍dys-dysfunction功能阻碍 /dyspnea呼吸困/dysuria排尿困50无a atypical不典型的 /asymptomatic无症状的an-/anuria 无尿 /analgesia止痛51复合 /多poly-polyuria多尿 /polyopia物多症52巨-megaly splenomegaly脾大 /acromegaly肢端肥大症53石litho cholelithes胆石 /lithiasis 石病-lith54硬化-sclerosis Athrosclerosis脉粥硬化/arteriosclerosis脉硬化Table3Examplesofsurgicalterminology（部格外科）含前 /后示例55切除-ectomy gastrectomy胃切除56切开-otomy craniotomy开手57造口/切合-stomy colostomy造口58整（）形ortho-orthopedics骨科59造影、描-graphy angiography血管造影 /radiography拍片60⋯/横向trans-transurethral 尿道的/transcutaneous皮的 /transfusion血61成形-plasty esophagoplasty食道成形Table4Examplesofdirectionsandpositions(部分方向地点 )含义一般前 /后缀示例62上Upper,superior epi-,supra-epigastric上腹部的/supraclavicular锁骨上的63下lower,inferior infra-,sub-subclavicular锁骨下的/inferiorvenacava 下腔静脉64前front,anterior,prior fore-,ante,pre-,antero,forehead 前额/anteroposterior前后的 /正位的65后back,posterior,rear post-,retro-,postero-postprandial 餐后的/retroperitoneal腹膜后的66内inner,internal In-,intra,endo,ento-Inhalation吸入/endoscope内窥镜/intracranial颅内的67外outer,external ex-,exo-extract提取 /excretion 排泄/exocardial心外的68侧lateral bilateral 两侧的 /unilateral单侧的 /contralateral 对侧的69旁 /副adjacent,appendix para-parathyroid甲状旁腺/paracancer癌旁70周peripheral,around peri-Perioperative围术的/perinatal 围产的71间between inter-intercostal肋间的/intercedllular细胞间的72中心Central centro-,centri-centrifuge离心/centronucleus中心核Table5Examplesofcellsandcolors（部分细胞与颜色）含义词根/前/后缀示例73色chromo/cromo chromosome 染色体 /cromolyn色苷酸钠74红erythro erythrocyte红细胞 /erythromycin红霉素75白Leuko leukocyte白细胞 /leukemia 白血病76黑Melano Melanoma黑色素瘤 /melena 黑便77青、蓝Cyano cyanosis紫绀78淋巴lymph lymphocyte淋巴细胞 /lymphoma淋巴瘤79粒Granulo granulocyte粒细胞 /granulocytosis粒细胞增加80成细blast fibroblast成纤细胞胞81网状Reticulo reticulocyte网状细胞82嗜碱basi,baso,alkalo basophil嗜碱性粒细胞的83嗜酸eosino,acido eosinocyte,eosinophil嗜酸性粒细胞的84凝血Thrombo thrombocyte 凝血细胞（ =血小板 platelet ）的Table6Examplesofcompounds(部分化合物 )含义前 /后缀示例85（酸）-ate sulfate硫酸盐 /nitrate硝酸盐盐86醇-ol alcohol酒精 /taxol 紫杉醇 /ethanol 乙醇87醛-al methylal甲缩醛 /retinal视黄醛88糖-saccharide,glyco-,gluco-,saccharo-glycogen 糖原 /glucose葡萄糖/saccharide糖/polysaccharide多糖89酶-ase transaminase转氨酶 /reductase 还原酶90素-in heparin肝素 /nuclein核素91原-gen antigen抗原 /collagen胶原92苯基 /酚phenol-Phenol酚（石炭酸） /phenate酚盐93氨基amino-Aminoacid 氨基酸 /aninosuria氨尿Table7Examplesofnumbers(部分数量 )前/后缀示例941Mono-monocyte 单核细胞952bi-,di-carbondioxide二氧化碳 /bilateral 两侧963tri-triple 三倍 /tricyclic 三环类的974Tetra-tetracycline四环素 /tetralogy 四联症985penta-Pentagon 五角大楼 /pentapeptide 五肽99大，宏macro-macroscopic肉眼的 ,宏观的观100小，微micro-microscopic显微镜的 ,微观的观。
医学专业词汇学习小结来源：庞卯的日志医学术语，并不限于本表所载的―器官+症状‖这种形式。
例如：acrophobia 高处恐怖 [acro- 尖端 + -phobia 恐怖 ]dyspepsia 消化不良 [dys- 障碍,不良 + -pepsia 消化]hypoglycemia 低血糖 [hypo- 低 + glyco- 糖 +-emia 血症 ]leucocytopenia 白细胞减少 [leuco- 白 + cyto- 细胞 + -penia 减少]tachycardia 心搏过速 [tachy- 速 + cardio- 心 + - ia 症 ]thermoplegia 热射病, 中暑 (heat stroke) [thermo- 热 + - plegia麻痹]这些词的第已词素并非器官名，而是hypo-、leuco-、tachy-、thermo-、acro- 和dys- 等具有形容词职能的复合形或词头leu-co-白，表示―色调‖，此外于色调有关的还有erythro- 红、chloro- 绿、melano- 黑、xantho- 黄、cyano- 青和chromo- 色等。
还有一些表示―位置‖的词头：ecto- 外侧、endo- 内侧、meso- 中央、retro-后方，和para- 周围、附近等。
还有表示―方向‖的词头：dorso- 背侧的方向、ventro- 腹侧的方向、antero- 前方，和postero-后方等。
1、医学术语的构成要了解医学术语的构成，必须先知道什么是词头(prefis)、词尾(suffix)、复合形(combining form)、复合词 (compound word)和词干(word root)。
Acrocyanosis 手足（肢端）发绀，即由于手足的氧供应不足而引起的四肢末端青紫。
现将其词形做如下的分析：a c r / o / c y a d / o s i s词干复合形词干词尾复合词所谓词干，就字面来说，乃是词的基干部分。
phylaxis词根词缀Phylaxis（词根：Phyl-）是一个源于古希腊语的词根，意为“保卫”或“防护”。
在医学领域，该词根常用于形成与预防、保护以及免疫有关的术语。
通过了解Phylaxis的词根词缀，我们可以更好地理解这些相关的术语及其在医学实践中的应用。
让我们从Phylaxis词根开始，了解一些常见的与保护、预防和免疫相关的词根词缀。
1. Phylaxis（Phyrarx-）- 词根：Phyl-（Phyrarx-）- 含义：保护、预防2. Prophylaxis（Pro- + Phylaxis）- 词根：Pro-- 含义：预防、保护- 词根词缀：-phylaxis- 含义：保护、预防- 例句：Prophylaxis is an essential measure for preventing the spread of infectious diseases.3. Immunoprophylaxis（Immuno- + Prophylaxis）- 词根：Immun-（Immuno-）- 含义：免疫- 词根词缀：-phylaxis- 含义：保护、预防- 例句：Immunoprophylaxis involves the use of vaccines toprovide protection against certain diseases.4. Chemoprophylaxis（Chemo- + Prophylaxis）- 词根：Chemo-- 含义：化学- 词根词缀：-phylaxis- 含义：保护、预防- 例句：Chemoprophylaxis is commonly used to prevent malaria in travelers to endemic areas.5. Postexposure prophylaxis（Post- + Exposure + Prophylaxis） - 词根：Post-- 含义：在...之后- 词根词缀：-exposure- 含义：接触- 词根词缀：-phylaxis- 含义：保护、预防- 例句：Postexposure prophylaxis is recommended for individuals who have been exposed to certain infectious diseases, such as HIV.6. Quarantine（Quarantinare）- 词根：Quarant-- 含义：隔离- 例句：During the COVID-19 pandemic, individuals with symptoms were placed in quarantine to prevent the spread of the virus.7. Vaccination（Vaccinare）- 词根：Vaccin-- 含义：疫苗- 例句：Vaccination is a highly effective method of preventing infectious diseases.8. Immunization（Immunis）- 词根：Immun-- 含义：免疫- 词根词缀：-ization- 含义：过程、状态- 例句：Immunization can protect individuals from diseases by stimulating the immune system to produce a response.9. Antibiotic（ Antibo- + Bios）- 词根：Antibo-- 含义：抗生素- 词根：Bios- 含义：生命- 例句：Antibiotics are commonly used to treat bacterial infections.10. Disinfection（Dis- + Infect-）- 词根：Dis-- 含义：分开- 词根：Infect-- 含义：感染- 例句：Disinfection is an important process in the control of hospital-acquired infections.通过了解Phylaxis词根及其相关的词根词缀，我们可以更好地理解与保护、预防和免疫相关的术语。
pharyngo词根词缀引言在医学领域，我们经常会遇到以”pharyngo”为前缀或后缀的术语，如pharyngitis、pharyngoscope等。
这些术语都与咽部相关，由于咽部在呼吸和消化系统中起到重要作用，因此了解与之相关的词根和词缀是非常重要的。
本文将深入探讨与pharyngo词根词缀相关的医学术语，包括其定义、用法以及衍生的术语。
进一步地，我们将讨论与咽部相关的疾病和治疗手段。
希望通过本文的阅读，读者能够更好地理解与pharyngo词根词缀相关的知识。
一、词根词缀解析在医学术语中，词根词缀是构成单词的基本元素，通过对其进行组合和变形，我们可以构建出许多具有特定含义的术语。
pharyngo作为一个词根词缀，具有以下含义：1.pharyngo-–定义：咽部–示例：pharyngitis（咽炎）、pharyngoscope（喉镜）2.-pharynx–定义：指咽部或咽腔–示例：nasopharynx（鼻咽部）通过上述示例，我们可以清楚地看到pharyngo词根词缀在医学术语中的应用。
接下来，我们将深入讨论与之相关的术语和领域。
二、与pharyngo相关的术语1. pharyngitis（咽炎）•定义：咽炎是指咽部黏膜的炎症，常导致咽部疼痛、咽喉干燥和咳嗽等症状。
•症状：咽部疼痛、咽喉干燥、咳嗽、声音嘶哑等。
•常见病因：病毒感染、细菌感染、过敏反应等。
•治疗：常规治疗包括保持充足的水分摄入、使用消炎药和止痛药等。
•预防措施：勤洗手、避免与患者共用餐具、避免接触感染源等。
2. pharyngoscope（喉镜）•定义：喉镜是一种医疗器械，用于检查咽部和喉部内部的情况。
•组成：喉镜由光源、导光系统和观察镜头组成。
•应用：常用于咽部疾病的诊断，如咽炎、扁桃体炎等。
•检查方法：医生将喉镜插入患者口腔，通过观察镜头观察咽部和喉部的情况。
•注意事项：喉镜应经过消毒处理，避免交叉感染。
3. nasopharynx（鼻咽部）•定义：鼻咽部是位于鼻腔后端与口咽之间的区域。
“fascio”来源于拉丁语，可以引申为“束”、“捆”等含义，而在医学上常被用来表示急救设备、外科器械等医疗器材的集合。
由此可以推测，“fascio”这个医学词汇中的核心词根“-fasc-”可以引申为“集结”、“聚集”。
在分析其相关词汇时，可以发现它的另一个常见后缀是“-ulus”，它既可以作为形容词的后缀，也可以作为名词的后缀。
“-us”是一个常见的拉丁后缀，意为“人”或“物”。
在此基础上，我们结合前缀“dis-”，它可以表示“相反”、“否定”的意思，再结合前文提到的核心词缀和词汇含义，可以对“fascio”进行进一步的分析和解读。
首先，“dis-”这个前缀可以引申为“分散”、“分离”的意思，这与“fascio”的词源含义相矛盾。
因此，我们可以推断出，“fascio”可能表示的是一种将各种医疗器材集中在一起、捆绑在一起的集合体，而“dis-”则可能表示的是这种集合体的解体或分散状态。
其次，“-fasc-”这个核心词缀可以引申为“集结”、“聚集”，而加上前缀“dis-”后，它就变成了“分散”、“分离”。
因此，我们可以推测，“fascio”可能指的是急救设备、外科器械等医疗器材被分散到各个地方的状态。
最后，“-ulus”作为名词的后缀和形容词的后缀，与“dis-”共同表达了该词表示的医疗器材的分散状态和设备的匮乏情况。
而前缀“un-”表示与原来的状态相反，也进一步强化了这种匮乏感。
综合以上分析，我们可以得出结论：“fascio”一词的词根和词缀分析中，可以得出其含义为医疗器材的分散状态和设备的匮乏情况。
通过对其相关词汇的分析和解读，我们可以更好地理解该词的语义和用法。
同时，通过对词汇的词根词缀分析，可以帮助我们更好地记忆和理解单词的含义和用法，提高英语学习的效率。
医学英语词根词缀a- 不能，没有abacterial 无菌的asymptomatic 无症状的akinesia 运动不能,暂时性肌麻庳anti- 抗antidepressant 抗抑郁药antigen 抗原（-gen 发生，原）apo- 离,脱,脱辅基-,-蛋白(部分) apomorphine 阿朴吗啡[催吐药]brady- 缓慢,迟钝bradycardia 心动过缓,心搏徐缓bradykinesia 运动过慢carboxy- 羧基Transcarboxylase 转羟酶Carboxypeptidase 羧肽酶cholecyst- 胆囊cholecystectomy 胆囊切除术cholecystitis 胆囊炎cortic- 皮质corticosteroid 皮质类固醇steroid 类固醇dys- 不良，困难，障碍dysadaptation 眼调节不良dysadrenia 肾上腺功能不良症dysfunction 异常，机能障碍dyskinesia 运动障碍-ectomy 切除术appendectomy 阑尾切除术endo- 内，在内endocrine 内分泌-emia 血acid(a)emia管酸血[症]leukemiathalassemiagastro- 胃的（gastric）gastroenterology 胃肠病学gastroenterologist 胃肠病学家gastrointestinal 胃肠的gastroesophageal 胃食管的（esophageal 食管的）gluco- 甘，糖glucocorticoid 糖类肾上腺皮质激素hyper- 高，多hypertensionhypercalcinemiahypo- 低，少，次Hypogonadism 性腺机能减退hyster- 子宫的；癔病的hysterectomy 子宫切除术idio- 独有的,不同的,特异,自,自发idiopathic 自发性的,原发性的, 特发性的intra- 在内intravenous 静脉内的intracellular 细胞内的-itis 炎症-itis 炎症laparo- 腹，肋腹laparoscopic 腹腔镜的laparotomy 剖腹手术lipo-脂(的)Lipid 类脂(化合)物,油脂,脂(类),脂质Lipoidase 脂酶Lipoprotein 脂蛋白质neuro- 神经的neuromuscular 神经肌肉的neurodynamicsneurodegenerative 神经变性的osteo- 骨的osteoporosis 骨质疏松症osteoarthritis 骨关节炎osteomyelitisPatho- 病理;苦; 病Pathogen 病原体Pathology 病理学Pathoanatomy 病理解剖学poly- 多,聚Polyester 聚脂Polymerpolyethylene-someBiosome 生物体chondriosome 线粒体-scopic 观测仪的microscopic 显微镜的thoraco- 胸，胸腔thoracoscopic 胸腔镜的thoracodynia 胸痛。
urology词根词缀
以下是与"urology" 相关的常见词根和词缀：
1. Uro-：指与尿液和泌尿系统相关的词根，例如urology（泌尿学）、urologist （泌尿外科医生）。
2. -logy：表示学科、学术研究的后缀，例如urology（泌尿学）、neurology（神经病学）。
3. -logist：表示从事某种学科或专业的人员，例如urologist（泌尿外科医生）、neurologist（神经科医生）。
4. Nephro-：指与肾脏相关的词根，例如nephrology（肾脏病学）、nephrologist （肾脏病专家）。
5. Cysto-：指与膀胱相关的词根，例如cystoscopy（膀胱镜检查）、cystolith （膀胱结石）。
6. Pyelo-：指与肾盂相关的词根，例如pyelonephritis（肾盂肾炎）。
7. Litho-：指与结石相关的词根，例如lithotripsy（碎石术）、lithiasis（结石病）。
8. Urethro-：指与尿道相关的词根，例如urethroplasty（尿道成形术）、urethritis （尿道炎）。
这些词根和词缀可以帮助我们理解和组成与泌尿系统和相关疾病/病理有关的词汇。
在医学和生物学领域，了解这些词根和词缀可以帮助我们更好地理解术语和概念。
Medical Terminology a-, an 缺乏，不足atrophy n./v. 萎缩ab- 偏离，脱离abduction n.诱导abdomen- 肚子，腹部abdominalgia 腹痛acou-, acu- 听，听觉acoustic n.原声乐器adj.音响的acr-, acro- 最高，开头acromegaly n.肢端肥大症actin- 放线actiniform adj.放射型的ad- 向…… adrenal n.肾上腺adj.肾上腺的aden- 腺adenitis n.腺炎-agogue 鼓动着，引导者cholagogue n.利胆剂adj.利胆的alge-, algo- 痛algetic adj.疼痛的-algia 疼痛myalgia n.肌痛amb- 两面的，双面的ambidexterity n. 两面派手法ambly 微暗amblyopia n. 弱视ant, anti- 反对抵抗antibiotic n.抗生素adj.抗生的ante- 在…之前antenatal adj.出生前的antero- 位于前部的anterolateral adj.前外侧的arthr- 关节arthral adj.关节的audio- 听audiogenic adj.音源性的aut-, auto- 自动自我autistic n/adj 孤僻的bi- 有二的，双边的bisexual adj.双性恋bio- 生命，生物biopsy n.活组织检查blast- 芽blastula n. 胚泡blenn- 粘液blennogenic 粘液的blephar- 眼睑blepharitis n. 眼睑炎brachi- 手臂brachial adj.臂状的brachy 短brachydactylia n.短指brady- 迟钝bradycardia n.心动过缓bronch 支气管bronchoscope n.气管镜bucc- 口，颊buccal adj.口腔的carcin- 肝癌细胞carcinoma n.肿瘤cardi- cardiac adj.心脏的n.强心剂-cele 腔肿cystocele n.膀胱突出centi- 百分之一centimeter n.厘米cephal- 头cephalalgia n.头痛cheil- 唇，边缘cheilitis n.唇炎cheir- 手chiropractic n.脊椎按摩疗法chol- 胆汁cholochrome 胆色素chondr- 软骨chondrocyte n.软骨细胞chrono- 时间chronology n.年表-cid 降落suicide n/adj 自杀的circum- 在…周围circumrenal 肾脏周围的colp- 阴道colposcope n.阴道镜contra- 反对，相反contraindication n.禁忌症costa-, costo 肋骨，叶脉intercostal n/adj肋间的部分counter- 相反，countertraction 对抗牵引crani- 颅craniotomy n.穿颅术cry- 叫喊，哭cryogenic adj.冷冻的crypt 地下室隐窝cryptic adj.神秘的cut- 切割，伤口subcutaneous adj.皮下的cysti- 囊cystitis n.膀胱炎cyt-, cyto-, cyte- 细胞cytemia n.异细胞血症dacry- 泪泪器dacryocyst n.泪囊dactyl- 手指dactylitis n.指炎derm- 皮肤dermatitis n.皮肤炎di-, diplo- 复，双diglossia n.双舌dia- 通过，横穿diaphragm n.隔膜dis- 分离，相反disarticulation n.关节脱落dolicho- 长dolichocephalic n/adj 长头的dorsi- 背dorsiflexion n背屈-dynia 疼痛myodynia n.肌痛dys- 不良dysentery n. 痢疾-ectasis 扩张，膨胀angiectasis 血管扩张ecto- 外部，外面ectoderm n.外胚层-ectomize 切除thyroidectomize 给…切除甲状腺-emia glycemia n.血糖过多encephal- 脑的encephalitis n. 脑炎end- 内endarterial adj.脑脉内的enter- 肠enterocolitis n.小肠结肠炎epi- 在…上面epicardium n.心外膜eryth- 红斑erythema n.红斑-esthesia 感觉anesthesia n.麻痹eu- 真正良好euphoria n.欣快症ex-, exo- 外，超过excretion n.排泄extra- 在…之外extrasystole n.期外收缩-ferent afferent adj.传入的fibr- 纤维fibrillation n.纤维性颤动galact- 乳galactemia 血乳gastr- 腹侧gastritis n.胃炎-gen 产生allergen n.过敏原-genic 产生的endogenic adj.内生的genito- 生殖genitoplasty n.生殖器成形术geno- 种genotype ｎ．基因型geny- 颌genyantrum 上颌窦-geny 起源，产生progeny n.子孙glio-, -glio 胶质glioma n.胶质瘤gloss- 光泽glossitis n.舌炎gly- 甘氨酸glycemia n血糖过多gon- 生养gonad n. 性腺-gram 图画electrocardiogram n.心电图-graph 书写器electrocardiograph n.心电图仪gyn-, gyne- 雌gynatresia 阴道闭锁hem-, hema- 血hematoma n.血肿hemi- 半heminephrectomy 半肾切除术hepat- 肝hepatitis n. 肝炎heter-, hetero- 其他的heterocrine adj.多种分泌的hist-, histio- 组织histology n.组织学homeo- 相同homosexual n/adj 同性恋的hydr-, hydro- 水hydrocele n.积水hyper- 高于hyperesthesia n.感觉过敏hypo- 在…下hypodermic n/adj皮下注射器hyster- 子宫hysterectomy n.子宫切除-iatrics,-trics 分科pediatrics n.小儿科idio- 个人的idiopathic adj先天的ilio- 髂iliotibial 髂胫的im-,in- 在内infiltration n.渗透inter- 在…之间intercostal n/adj 肋间的-itis 发炎keratitis n. 角膜炎kerat-,kerato- 角膜keratoplasty n.角膜移植术lact-,lacto- 乳lactation n. 哺乳leck-,leuko- 无色的leukoplakia n.黏膜白斑病lith-,litho- 石lithopedion 胎儿石化-logy,-ology …学graphology n.图表法lyso-,-lysis 分解hemolysis n.血细胞溶解macro- 大的macroblast 巨成红细胞mal- 坏malocclusion n. 咬合不正malac-,malaco-,-malacia 软malacosarcosis 肌肉松软mast-,masto- 乳房，乳腺mastocarcinoma n.乳癌meg-,mega-,megal-,megalo- 巨megalencephalon 巨脑men-,meno- 月经menorrhagia n.月经过多mening-,meningo- 脑膜meningitis n. 脑膜炎ment-,mento- 下巴mentum n. 下巴mes-,mesa-,meso- 中央mesaortitis 中央meta- 在…后metacarpus n. 掌micro- 微，小microcyte 小红细胞my-,myo- 肌肉myometrium n.子宫肌层myc-,mycet-,myco- 真菌mycete …菌类myel-,myelo- 骨髓osteomyelitis n.骨髓炎necr-,necro- 死死尸necropsy n.验尸neo- 新的neopathy 新病neph-,nephro- 肾nephron n. 肾元neur-,neuro- 神经neuralgia n. 神经痛noct-,nocti- 夜noctiphobia n. 黑夜恐怖症nos-,noso- 疾病noctambulation 梦游ocul-,oculo- 眼oculomotor adj. 动眼神经的odont-,odonto- 牙odontology n. 牙科-oid 像…的lymphoid adj.淋巴的olig-,oligo- 低oligospermia n. 精子减少-oma 瘤hematoma n.血肿onych-,onycho- 指甲paronychia n.甲沟炎oo-,ovi-,ovo- 卵oviduct n.输卵管oophor-,oophoro- 卵巢oophorocystectomy 卵巢囊肿切除术ophthalm-,ophthalmo- 眼ophthalmoscope n.眼底镜orth-,ortho- 直的orthodontist n.正牙医生oss-,osseo-,ossi-,oste-,osteo- 骨osteitis n.骨炎-ostomy 造口术colostomy n.结肠造口术ot-,oto- 耳otomycosis 耳霉病菌-otomy 切开术phlebotomy n.放血ovar-,ovario- 卵巢ovariectomy n.卵巢切除术para- 并行，超越paramedical adj.辅助医务的path-,patho-,-pathy 疗法endocrinopathy n.内分泌病ped-,pedia- 儿童pediatrician n.儿童医师-penia 缺乏…thrombocytopenia n.血小板减少per- 通，总peracidity n.过酸性peri- 周围，邻近pericardium n.心包-pexy 固定nephropexy 肾固定术phag-, phago- 吞噬phagocyte n.吞噬细胞-phagia, -phagy 食dysphagia n.咽下困难-phasia 某种语言的变态dysphasia n.语言障碍症-phil,-philic 喜…的eosinophilia n.嗜伊红血球过多phleb-,phlebo- 静脉phlebotomy n.放血phob-,-phobia 恐惧acrophobia n.恐高症pile-,pili-,pilo- 堆，累积pilonidal adj藏毛的-plasty 形成kineplasty n. 运动成形切断术pleur-,pleuro- 在旁pleurisy n.胸膜炎-pnea 呼吸dyspnea n.呼吸困难pneum-,pneuma-,pneumo-,pneumon-,pneumato- 肺pneumonia n.肺炎pod-,podo- 足podiatry n.足部医疗-poiesis 形成hematopoiesis n.造血作用polio- 小儿麻痹poliomyelitis n.小儿麻痹症poly- 表示多的，多个的polyarthritis n.多发性关节炎post- 在…后postocular 眼后的pre- 在…前precancerous adj癌症前期的presby- 老presbyophrenia n. 年老精神病态pro- 赞成，领先prodromal adj前驱的proct-,procto- 直肠proctologist n.直肠病学家pseud-,pseudo- 假，伪pseudoarthrosis 假关节psych-,psycho- 精神psychotherapy n.心理疗法-ptosis 下垂enteroptosis n.肠下垂pulmo-,pulmono- 肺pulmonic adj肺的py-,pyo- 与脓有关的pyogenic adj,化脓的pyel-,pyelo- 肾盂pyelonephrosis 肾盂肾病rachi-,rachio- 脊柱rachiocentesis 椎管穿刺ren- 肾renal adj.肾脏的retro- 向后，追溯retroperitoneal adj.腹膜后的rheo- 流rheology n.流变学rhin-,rhino- 鼻rhinitis n.鼻炎-rrhage,-rrhagia 过量出血menorrhagia n.月经过多-rrhaphy 缝合enterorrhaphy 肠缝合术-rrhea 分泌gonorrhea n.淋病salping-,salpingo- 输卵管salpingitis n.输卵管炎scler-,sclero- 硬化scleroderma n.硬皮病scolio- 弯曲scoliosis n.脊柱侧凸-scope 范围，眼界bronchoscope n.气管镜semi- 半semicanalis 半管sep-,septic 腐烂物sepsis n.败血症-sis 过程dermatosis n.皮肤病somat-,somato- 躯体somatalgia 躯体痛splanchn-,splanchno- 内脏splanchnoptosis n.内脏下垂sta- 静止static n/adj 静电sten-,steno-,-sthenia,-sthenic 强壮sthenophotic 强光的视力sub- 在…下方subcutaneous adj皮下的super- 在…之上supernatant n/adj 上层的supra- 在上suprarenal n/adj 肾上腺sym-,syn- 类似synapse n.突触syring-,syringo- 管syringomyelia n.脊髓空洞症tacho-,tachy- 加速tachycardia n.心动过速tars-,tarso- 跗骨tarsoptosis 扁平足-taxia,-taxis 排列thermotaxis n. 向热性tens- 拿住extension n. 延长therm-,thermo-,-thermy 热thermocautery n.热烙术tox-,toxic-,toxico- 毒toxicosis 中毒trache- 气管tracheitis n.气管炎trans- 横过，贯穿transpiration n.蒸发tri- 三triad n. 三和音trich-,tricho- 毛trichocardia n.绒毛心-trophic,-trophy 营养hypertrophy n.肥大-tropic 旋转adrenotropic adj.促肾上腺的uni- 一，单unilateral adj.单边的-uria 尿hematuria n. 血尿vas-,vaso- 管vasodilation n. 血管舒张viscer-,viscero- 内脏visceroptosis n.内脏下垂xero- 干燥xeroderma n.皮肤干燥病a- not, without, lessab- from, away from, offabs- from, away from, offad- increase, adherence, motion toward, very -ad toward, in the direction of, -wardalge- painalgesi- painalgio- painalgo- painambi- around, on (both) sides, on all sides, both amyl- starch, polysaccharide nature or origin amylo- starch, polysaccharide nature or origin an- not, without, -lessana- up, toward, apartante- beforeanti- against, opposing; curative; an antibody apo- separated from, derived fromarteri- arteryarterio- arteryarthr- a joint, an articulationarthro- a joint, an articulation-ase an enzyme-ate a salt or ester of an “ic” acidaut- self, sameauto- self, samebacteri- bacteriabacterio- bacteriabi- twice, doublebio- lifeblasto- budding by cells or tissuebronch- bronchusbronchi- bronchusbroncho- bronchuscarcin- cancercarcino- cancercardi- the heart; esophageal opening of stomach cardio- the heart; esophageal opening of stomach cata- downcephal- the headcephalo- the headchem- chemistrychemo- chemistrychlor- green; chlorinechloro- green; chlorinechol- bilechondrio- cartilage; granular; grittychrom- colorchromat- colorchromo- color-cidal killing, destroying-cide killing, destroyingcis- on this side, on the near sideco- with, together, in association, very, complete col- with, together, in association, very, complete com- with, together, in association, very, complete con- with, together, in association, very, complete cor- with, together, in association, very, complete carni- craniumcranio- craniumcry- coldcryo- coldcycl- a circle, a cycle; the ciliary bodycyst- the bladder; the cystic duct; a cyst cysti- the bladder; the cystic duct; a cyst cysto- the bladder; the cystic duct; a cyst cyt- cell-cyte cellcyto- celldactyl- the fingers, the toesdactylo- the fingers, the toesde- away from, cessationderm- skinderma- skindermat- skindermato- skindermo- skindextr- right, toward or on the right side dextro- right, toward or on the right sidedi- separation, taking apart, reversal, not, un- dif- separation, taking apart, reversal, not, un- dir- separation, taking apart, reversal, not, un- dis- separation, taking apart, reversal, not, un- duodeno- the duodenum-dynia paindynamo- force, energydys- bad, difficultect- outer, on the outsideecto- outer, on the outsideencephal- the brainencephalo- the brainend- within, innerendo- within, innerenter- the intestinesentero- the intestinesepi- upon, following, subsequent toergo- workerythr- red, rednesserythro- red, rednessesthesio- sensation, perceptioneu- good, wellex- out of, from, away fromexo- exterior, external, outwardextra- without, outside offerri- the presence in a compound of a ferric ion ferro- metallic iron, the divalent ion (Fe 2+)fibr- fiberfibro- fiber-form in the form or shape ofgalact- milkgalacto- milk-gen producing, coming to be; precursor of gloss- the tongueglosso- the tonguegluco- glucoseglyco- sugarsgnath- the jawgnatho- the jaw-gram a recordinggranul- granular, granulegranulo- granular, granule-graph a recording instrumentgyn- womangyne- womangyneco- womangyno- womanhem- bloodhema- bloodhemat- bloodhemato- blood]hemi- one-halfhemo- bloodhepat- the liverhepatico- the liverhepato- the liverhidr- sweathidro- sweathist- tissuehistio- tissuehisto- tissuehydr- water; hydrogenhydro- water; hydrogenhyper- excessive, above normalhypo- beneath; diminution, deficiency; the lowest hyster- uterus; hysteria; ;late, following-ia a condition-iasis a condition, a state-ic pertaining to-ics organized knowledge, practice, treatment ileo- the ileum (回肠)infra- belowinter- between, amongintra- withinirid- the irisirido- the irisischi- the ischium (坐骨)ischio- the ischium-ism condition, disease; a practice, doctrine-ismus spasm; contractioniso- equal, like; “isomer of”; sameness -ite the nature of, resembling-ites -y, -like-itides plural of –itis-itis inflammation (炎症)karyo- nucleuskerat- the comea (角膜)kerato- the comeakin- movementkine- movementkinesi- motionkinesio- motionkineso- motionkino- movementlact- milklacti- milelacto- milklaryng- the larynx (喉)laryngo- the larynxlatero- lateral, to one side, a side-lepsis a seizure-lepsy seizurelepto- light (轻), slender (细), thin (薄), frail (弱) leuk- whiteleuko- whitelinguo- tonguelip- fat, lipidlipo- fat, lipidlith- a stone, calculus, calcificationlitho- a stone, calculus, calcification-log speech, wordslog- speech, words-login study of; collectinglogo- speech, words-logy study of; collectinglymph- lymphlympho- lymphlys- lysis, dissolutionlyso- lysis, dissolutionmacr- large; longmacro- large; longmast- breastmasto- breastmeg- large, oversize; one million mega- large, oversize; one million megal- largemegalo- large-megaly largemelan- blackmelano- blackmening- meninges (脑脊膜)meningo- meningesmes- middle, mean, intermediacy; mesentery (肠系膜) meso- middle, mean, intermediacy; mesenterymeta- after, behind; joint action, sharingmicr- smallness; one-millionth; microscopicmicro- smallness; one-millionth; microscopicmon- singlemono- singlemorph- form, shape, structuremorpho- form, shape, structuremyx- mucus (粘液)myxo- mucusnecr- death, necrosisnecro- death, necrosisnephr- the kidneynephro- the kidneyneur- a nerve, the nervous system neuri- a nerve, the nervous system neuro- a nerve, the nervous system oculo- eye, ocularodont- toothodonto- toothodyn- painodyno- pain-oid resemblance toolig- few, littleoligo- few, little-oma tumor, neoplasm-omata plural of –omaonco- tumor, bulk, volume-one a ketone (-CO- 酮) group onych- fingernail (指甲), toenail (趾甲) onycho- fingernail, toenailoo- egg, ovary (卵巢)oophor- ovaryoophoro- ovaryophthalm- the eyeophthalmo- the eyeorchi- testis (睾丸)orchido- testisorchio- testis-oses plural of –osis-osis process, condition, stateossi- boneost- boneoste- boneosteo- boneovari- ovaryovario- ovaryovi- eggovo- eggoxa- the presence or addition of oxygen atom(s) oxo- addition of oxygenoxy- sharp; acid; acute; shrill; quick; oxygen pachy- thickpan- all, entirepant- all, entirepanto- all, entirepara- abnormal; involvement of two like partspath- diseasepatho- disease-pathy diseaseped- child; footpedi- child; footpedo- child; foot-penia deficiencyper- through, thoroughly, intenselyperi- around, about-pexy fixation, usually surgicalphaco- lens-shaped; relation to a lens (晶状体，透镜) -phage eating, devouring-phagia eating, devouringphago- eating, devouring-phagy eating, devouringpharmaco- drugs, medicinepharyng- the pharynx (咽)pharyngo- the pharynxphleb- veinphlebo- veinphon- sound, speechphono- sound, speechphor- carrying, bearing; a carrier, a bearer; phoria (隐斜视) phoro- carrying, bearing; a carrier, a bearer; phoriaphos- light (光)phot- lightphoto- lightphren- diaphragm (横膈膜); the mind; phrenic (膈膜的，精神的) phreni- diaphragm; the mind; phrenic-phrenia of mindphrenico- diaphragm; the mind; phrenicphreno- diaphragm; the mind; phrenicphysi- physical; natural; the science of physics physio- physical; natural; the science of physics physo- tendency to swell or inflate; air, gas phyt- plantsphyto- plants-plasia formationplasma- plasma (血浆)plasmat- plasmaplasmato- plasmaplasmo- plasma-plegia paralysis (麻痹，瘫痪)pleur- rib (肋骨), side, pleura (胸膜，肋膜) pleura- rib, side, pleurapleuro- rib, side, pleurapluri- several, more-pnea breath, respirationpneo- breath, respirationpneum- air, gas; the lungs; breathing pneuma- air, gas; the lungs; breathing pneumat- air, gas; the lungs; breathing pneumato- air, gas; the lungs; breathing pod- foot, foot-shaped-pod foot, foot-shapedpodo- foot, foot-shaped-poiesis productionpost- after, behind, posteriorpre- anterior, beforepro- before, forward; precursor ofproct- the anus (肛门), the rectum (直肠) procto- the anus, the rectumpsych- the mindpsyche- the mindpsycho- the mindpyel- (renal) pelvis (骨盆)：肾盂pyelo- (renal) pelvispyo- suppuration (化脓), an accumulation of pus, pus (脓) pyreto- feverpyro- fire, heat, feverrachi- the spinerachio- the spineradio- radiation (辐射), chiefly x-ray; radius (桡骨)re- again, backwardrect- the rectumrecto- the rectumretro- backward, behindrhin- the noserhino- the nose-rrhagia discharge-rrhaphy surgical suturing (缝合)-rrhea a flowing, a fluxsalping- a tube：输卵管，咽鼓管salpingo- a tubesarco- muscular substance, flesh-likeschisto- split, cleftschiz- split, cleft, divisionschizo- split, cleft, divisionscler- hardness (induration) (硬化)，sclerosis, the sclera (巩膜) sclero- hardness (induration), sclerosis, the sclera-scope an instrument for viewing-scopy the use of an instrument for viewingsemi- one-half; partlysial- saliva (涎), the salivary glands (唾液腺，涎腺)sialo- saliva, the salivary glandssigmoid- sigmoid, the sigmoid colonsigmoido- sigmoid, the sigmoid colonsito- food, grainsomat- the body, bodilysomatico- the body, bodilysomato- the body, bodilyspasmo- spasmsperma- semen (精液), spermatozoa (精子)spermato- semen, spermatozoaspermo- semen, spermatozoasplanchn- the viscera (内脏)splanchni- the viscerasplanchno- the viscerasplen- the spleenspleno- the spleenstaphyl- a grape, a bunch of grapes; staphylococci (葡萄球菌) staphylo- a grape, a bunch of grapes; staphylococci-stat an agent to prevent changing or moving steno- narrowness, constrictionstheno- strength, force, powerstom- mouthstoma- mouthstomat- mouthstomato- mouthsub- beneath, less than normal, inferiorsuper- in excess, above, superior, in the upper part sy- togethersyl- togethersym- togethersyn- togethersys- togetherthel- the nipples (乳头)thelo- the nipplestherm- heatthermo- heatthorac- the chest, the thoraxthoracico- the chest, the thoraxthoraco- the chest, the thoraxthromb- blood clotthrombo- blood clotthyr- the thyroid glandtoco- childbirth-tome a cutting instrument; a segment, section -tomy a cutting operationtono- tone, tension, pressuretop- place, topicaltopo- place, topicaltox- a toxin, a poisontoxi- a toxin, a poisontoxico- a toxin, a poisontoxo- a toxin, a poisontrache- the trachea (气管) tracheo- the tracheatrans- across, through, beyond trich- the hair, a hairlike structure trichi- the hair, a hairlike structure -trichia the hair, a hairlike structure tricho- the hair, a hairlike structure -trophic food, nutritiontropho- food, nutrition-trophy food, nutrition-tropic turning toward, affinityuri- uric aciduric- uric acidurico- uric acidvas- a duct, a blood vesselvasculo- a blood vesselvaso- a duct, a blood vesselvesic- a vesica (膀胱), a vesiclevesico- a vesica, a vesiclexanth- yellow, yellowishxantho- yellow, yellowishzo- an animal, animal lifezoo- an animal, animal lifezym- fermentation (发酵), enzymes (酶) zymo- fermentation, enzyme。
