复习v–ing 形式作状语
【学习目标】
1. Instruct the students to review the usages of V-ing form as adverbial
2. Deal with the relative exercises
3.Enable the students to learn to cooperate with each other
【课前预习】
一、动词ing形式的时态、语态及意义
二、V-ing形式作状语,可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。判断以下句子中的V-ing形式作状语属于哪种？
______ Crossing the road, he was ran over by a car.
______ Not knowing English, he couldn't understand the film.
______ Working hard, you will do well in the exam.
______ Not being a rich man himself, he helped the poor generously.
______ The children went into the classroom, talking and laughing.
______ His parents died in the war, leaving him an orphan.
三、学习v-ing形式作状语的用法时,需要注意以下要点:
1）与过去分词作状语的区别: 一般来说,v-ing形式表示____________; 过去分词表示被动、完成。
The enemy fled in a panic, leaving behind a lot of dead bodies and weapons. Defeated and frightened, the enemy fled in a panic.
2）分词(短语)作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语_______。如果不一致，必须用独立主格结构来表示，也就是在分词前加上它的_______________。
①. Comparing all the great people with each other, you’ll find that they have much in common.
②. The train having gone, we had to wait another day.
3）v-ing形式的否定式：无论在完成式还是被动式里,not必须置于v-ing形式之________。
Not having finished his homework, the boy was still doing it in the classroom.
4）v-ing形式(短语)的功能有时相当于一个状语从句。根据这个性质,在使用
v-ing形式作状语时，前面可以加上连词。切记:不要在前面或后面的句子前用连词连接。
If working hard , you will make much progress.
(改错) Walking on the fallen leaves in autumn, so you’ll feel very comfortable.
5)having done 表示动作发生在主句谓语动作之____; doing 表示动作和主语的谓语动作__________。
Having written the letter, John went to the post office.
Seeing the beautiful sight, the children felt excited.
四．有些表示说话人态度的分词结构已成为固定用语，不遵循其逻辑主语与句子一致的原则。在句中独立存在修饰全句,这些短语常见的有：
generally speaking总的来说judging from/by ... 根据……判断speaking of 说到…… talking of 谈到…… frankly speaking 坦白地说considering .../taking ...into consideration考虑到…… seeing ... 考虑到……providing 如果supposing 即使；如果
【基础通关】★
用所给动词的适当形式填空
1.The night________ (come) on ,they started for home.
2.The last bus __________(go), he had to walk home.
3.Time________ (permit), we are going to climb the mountain tomorrow.
4.They are talking with the teacher, their children_______(play) outside.
5.It_______( rain), I went to work with an umbrella.
6.Generally _______(speak), girls are more careful than boys.
7.________(Judge) from his accent, he must be from the north.
8._______(Talk) of travel, have you ever been to Beijing?
9.When _________(cross) the street, please be careful.
10.___________(use)by me now, the bike can’t be lent to you.
11._____________ (see) the movie before, I do n’t want to see it again.
12._____________(use)for many years, the bike needs repairing.
句型转换
1. Because he was ill, he didn’t go to school.
_______________________, he didn’t go to school.
2. When she was walking along the street one day, she met an old friend of hers.
________________________the street one day, she met an old friend of hers.
3. If it is sunny, we’ll go for a picnic tomorrow.
_______________________________, we’ll go for a picnic tomorrow.
4. After she had finished her homework, the little girl began to watch TV.
___________________________her homework, the little girl began to watch TV. 5. Because they had been warned by the teacher, they didn’t make such mistakes.
_____________________________by the teacher, they didn’t make such mistake s.
6. As it was a holiday, all the shops were shut.
_____________________________, all the shops were shut.
7. When he was still a small boy, he went to France with his father.
__________________________, he went to France with his father.
8. When autumn comes, swallows go to the south.
___________________, swallows go to the south.
9. That Sam came to school late made his teacher quite angry.
__________________________made his teacher quite angry。
10. We have come here in order that we can improve our English.
We have come here _________________________________。
11. Since I don’t know her address, I can’t get in touch with her.
___________________________，I can’t get in touch with her。
12. After he closed the windows, he went home.
_________________________，he went home。
【合作探究】★★用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. _________________(water) the flowers, he began to cut the grass.
2. We still remember once________________(take) round the famous tower when we were young.
3. ________________(not do) his homework, he stayed at home.
4. He earns a living by ___________ (drive).
5. Precisely____________(speak), they will arrive at 9:20 p. m.
6. ______________________(flood) for several weeks, the city needed food.
7.My ___________ (fall) ill worried my parents.
8. ___________(hear) the news, they all jumped with joy.
9. Our town has dozens of factories, ___________ (include) several shoe factories .
10. The boy was lucky enough to escape _________________ (punish).
11. It’s no use _________________ (try) to make me believe you.
12. The bottle __________________ (contain) the poison was sent to the laboratory. Conclusion 1:V-ing除了_______成分不可作外，还可以作主、宾、表、定、状、补成分，与其逻辑主语构成主动关系。
【提升训练】★★★
1.①______ (see) from the hill, the city looks like a big garden.
②______(see) from the top of the tower, we can get a wonderful view of our city.
2. ______(give) more time, I will finish my work on time.
3. _____ (do) in a hurry, his homework was full of mistakes.
4._______(get )a wonderful view of our city, we climbed to the top of the tower.
5.①He__________ (tell)many times, but he still couldn’t understand it.
②__________(tell) many times, he still couldn’t understand it.
6._________(leave) at home, John didn’t feel afraid at all.
7._____________(follow) by the old man, we went upstairs.
8._______ (see) the sun rising, he got up very early.
9.________(look)at my classmates' faces, I read the same excitement in their eyes.
10.He hurried home,only __________(find) that his mother had gone out.
11.The plane crashed , _________(kill)all 200 people aboard.
12.①________(turn)to the left , you'll find the post office.
②_________(turn)to the left , and you'll find the post office.
Conclusion 2：一个简单句如果没有并列连词只能有____个谓语，再出现动词可转化为非谓语。
Conclusion 3：V-ing作状语，表_____\_______
V-ed作状语，表_____\_______
To V作状语，表________,________结果
Summary
分词作状语答题记忆口诀:
分词作状语，主语是问题。逗号前后两动作，共用一主语。
主语找出后，再来判关系。主动-ing,被动用-ed。
答案：
【课前预习】
1.doing，doing，being done;having done ,having done,having been done
2.时间状语，原因状语，条件状语，让步状语，伴随状语，结果状语
3.主动，进行；一致，逻辑主语；前；so删去；前，同时发生
【基础通关】
https://www.doczj.com/doc/ff18550231.html,ing
2.having gone
3.permitting
4.playing
5.raining
6.speaking
7.judging8.talking9.crossing10.being used11.having been12.having been used 句型转换
1. Being ill, he didn’t go to school.
2. Walking along the street one day, she met an old friend of hers.
3. It being sunny, we’ll go for a picnic tomorrow.
4. After having finished her homework, the little girl began to watch TV.
5. Having been warned by the teacher, they didn’t make such mistakes.
6. It being a holiday, all the shops were shut.
7. Being still a small boy, he went to France with his father.
8. Autumn coming, swallows go to the south.
9. Sam’s coming to school late made his teacher quite angry.
10. We have come here in order to improve our English.
11. Not knowing her address, I can’t get in touch with her.
12. Having closed the windows, he went home.
【合作探究】
1.Having watered
2.being taken
3.Not having done
4.driving
5.speaking
6.Having flooded
7.falling
8.Hearing
9.including10.being punished11.trying 12.containing
【提升训练】
1.Seen,Seeing
2.Given
3.Done
4.To get
5.had been told ,Having been told
6.Left
7.Followed
8.Seeing
9.Looking10.to find11.killing12.Turning,Turn
1. __ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. A. Los ing B. Havi ng lost C. Lost D. To lose be lost in ........................................ 2. If __ the same treatment again, he ? s sure to get well. A. Givi ng B. Give C. Give n D. being give n 3. ____ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States. A. Being foun ded B. It was foun ded C. Foun ded D. Founding It was founded in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States. 4. ___ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest oceadoesn? t seem big at all. A. Compare B. Whe n compari ng C. Compari ng D.Whe n compared II. ................................................................ A-D ........................................................ impress; pour; speak(impress -.????]? ? ? 1. Once spoken, a word becomes a promise. 2. Once poured, water cannot be take n back aga in. 3. Impressed by the beautiful sce nery, I forgot to go back home in time. A. ............................ B. ........................... C. .............................................................. III. ..................................................................................... 1. Seen (see) from the top of the hill, the city looks beautiful to us. 2. Given (give) time, he ? 41 make a first class tennis player. 3. Looking (look) out of the window, I found many children playing on the playground. IV. ....................................... 1. Used for a long time, the book looks old( use) 2. Using the book, I find it useful. (use) 3. Following (follow) the old man, we went upstairs. (follow) 4. Followed (follow) by the old man, we went upstairs. (follow) 5. Seen from the top, the stadium looks like a bird nest. (see ?
v-ing 形式作状语 v-ing 形式作状语时，用于修饰某动词或整个句子，所表示的动作与句子主语构成逻辑上的主谓关 系。v-ing形式作状语时，可以单独使用，也可以在其前加上when, while , after, if, unless, although , though 等连词，表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、伴随、方式等。 1.作时间状语 Hearing this news, she got frightened. 听到这个消息,她感到害怕。 Looking out of the window, I saw some children playing football. Turning around , he saw a tiger running up. 2.作结果状语 The boy ran even faster, reaching the school out of breath. 那个男孩跑得更快了,到达学校时累得上气不接下气了。 The child slipped and fell, hitting his head against the door. Her husband died, leaving her four children. They fired, killing many people in the street. 3.作伴随状语 He stood by the window, watching people passing by his window. He came running. She stood waiting for a bus. He sat there reading a book. The students ran out of the classroom, talking and laughing. 4.作原因状语 Being a student, I must study hard. 作为一名学生,我必须努力学习。 Seeing nobody at home, he left them a note. Not knowing his telephone number, I couldn 't get in touch with him. 5.作让步状语 Having lived here for four years, I am not familiar with my neighbors. 虽然我在这儿住了四年,我对邻居们都还不熟悉。 Working or reading, she always did her best. 不管是工作还是阅读,她总是竭尽全力。 Not being a rich man himself, he helped the poor generously. 尽管他自己不算富裕, 他却是慷慨的帮助穷人。 6.作条件状语 Heating water, we can change it into vapour. 把水加热,我们可以将其变为水蒸汽。 Working in his small room, he made three pairs of shoes every day. 在他的小房间里工作,每天做三双 鞋。 Using your head, you 'll find a good way. Working hard, you 'll surely succeed. 7. 作目的状语 He stayed up late into the night, attempting to pass the entrance exam. 他晚上睡得很晚,想通过考试。注意： 、V-ing 的时态和语态。
状语从句 思维导图 易考易错点总结 语法功能。具体来说主要包括： 1．考查状语从句的连接词。要掌握各个连词的含义及其用法，还 有它们之间的区别。
如：时间状语的连词有while,when，as，assoonas，until，not…until，before,after,since等；条件状语从句的连词有if，unless,incase,onconditionthat,provided(that),supposing,s uppose(that)等；结果状语从句的连词有so…that(如此……以至于),such…that(如此……以至于)等。 …， 3 在时间、原因、条件、方式、让步等状语从句中，常常省略相同的主语或作主语的代词it以及be动词，保留现在分词、过去分词、介词短语、不定式等成分。如果从句中有“itis＋形容词” 结构，也可以省略itis。
6．考查状语从句、宾语从句、简单句和并列句的句式结构。 如：when引导时间状语从句意为“当……的时候”，引导宾语从句意为“什么时候”；if引导条件状语从句意为“如果”，引导 宾语从句意为“是否”等。
练习题 1.WhileIwaswalkingalongthestreet,Ifoundmanybeatifulbuildings() 2.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.() 3.Nowthat/Sinceeverybodyishere,let’sbeginourmeeting.（） 4.I’llspeakslowlysothatyoucanunderstandme.() … ） HehadlearnedalittleChinese____hecametoChina. ____hefinishedmiddleschool,hewenttoworkinafactory. Hewasill______Isawhim. Nosoonerhadsheheardthenews____hecried.
语法专项复习（十五）状语从句I 第一部分 I整体感知 状语从句是英语复合句的重要组成部分,其种类繁多 ,结构也较为复杂。纵观历届高考试题，状 语从句也是考查的热点语法项目之一。同学们学习状语从句的重点在于对各种引导状语从句的关 联词的掌握，难点在于意思相近关联词用法的辨析及某些词的特殊用法。 II高考真题 1.(’08 全国 II) A small car is big enough for a family of three ___ you need more space for baggage. A. once B. because C. if D. unless 2. (’09 北京 ) You may use the room as you like_____ you clean it up afterwards. A. so far as B. so long as C. in case D. even if 3.( ’09 湖南 ) _____ the police thought he was the most likely one, since they had no exact proof about it, they could not arrest him. A. Although B. As long as C. If only D. As soon as 4. (’09 陕西 ) My parents don ’t mind what job I do _____ I am happy. A. even though B. as soon as C. as long as D. as though 5. (’09 四川 ) Owen wouldn ’t eat anything _____ he cooked it himself. A. until B. since C. unless D. while III考点直击 1. 九种常见的状语从句及其从属连词的选用； 3. 状语从句的省略； 2. 时间、条件等状语从句中时态的正确使用； 4. 状语从句及其他从句的区别。 IV试着翻译翻译下列句子吧！ 1.应当鼓励老人到敬老院居住，这样他们可以享受到专业的照料和一流的设施。 _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ 2.如果我们继续无视广州日益增多的垃圾，有可能在不久的将来广州将成为巨大的垃圾场。 ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 3.应该禁止饲养宠物，因为它们可能会传播疾病，有损市容。 ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 4.当每个人充分意识到水资源的短缺，并采取有效措施，我相信我们一定能解决好这个问题。 ________________________________________________________________________ 第二部分 精品文档（一）时间状语从句 一、常引导时间状语从句的词有： 1.___________________________________________________________________ 2.“一?就”： _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ Eg.①We sent the injured to the First-aid Centre_____ the accident happened. A. shortly B. hurriedly C. quickly D. immediately ②No sooner ____ he ____ to bed ____ the doorbell rang. A. did; go; when B. had; gone; than C. did; go; than D. had; gone; when ③--- Have you told Professor Smith the news? ---Yes. I told him___ I saw him the other day. A. while B. the minute C. until D. suddenly ④The new secretary is supposed to report the manager as soon as he____. A. will arrive B. arrives C. is going to arrive D. is arriving 二、时间状语从句的要点& 难点 1. when , while , as 1）when ① _______ I got to the station, the train(已经走了 ) ②_______ I lived there, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays. ③ We were having a meeting ________ someone broke in. ④ 我们正准备出发，突然下起大雨来。 _________________________________________________________________ ⑤It was foolish ___ you to take a taxi _______ you could easily walk there in 5 minutes. 小结： when 的用法：① ② ③ 2）while ①Don’ttalk so loud ________ others are working. ② He likes pop music_______ I(喜欢古典音乐) ③________ the grandparents love the children, they are________ _______ them (严格要求 ) 小结： while 的用法：① ② ③
甘南二中高二英语时间状语从句复习导学案 班级：二年七班时间：2017年 3 月 22 日 ●Learning goals:①To master the use of adverbial clauses of time; ②To recite the subordinating conjunctions; ③ To improve students` ability in test. ●Important points: To master the use and the subordinating conjunctions of adverbial clauses of time. ●Difficulties: To remember the special use of the subordinating conjunctions. ●Learning methods: Self-studying & Cooperation. ●Test focus: when since before ●Learning Procedure: Step 1. Review Time Step2 . Presentation 从属连词 (A)When while as 常见用法： when特殊句型： 例句： (B)since 用法 句型： 注意： 例句： (C)before用法 句型：(1) (2) (D)until 用法 not…until句型注意(1)______句 (2) ______句 例句： (E)after 例句： Step3. Summary Step4. Test Step5. Homework
Ving形式作定语 分词短语作定语时，放在被修饰的名词之后；单个分词作定语时，放在被修饰的名词之前。例如： The man standing by the window is our teacher. Many frightened people rushed out of the burning building. Ving作定语主要表示动作和用途。 1. 表示动作（主动的、进行的动作）。 a waiting car = the car that is waiting a sleeping child 熟睡的孩子 The girl standing there is my sister. 站在那儿的女孩是我的姐妹。 [注意]现在分词作定语时，它表示的动作是正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生，如果两个动作有先有后，一般不能用现在分词作定语，而要用定语从句。例如：The teacher criticized the student who had broken the window. 老师批评了打破窗户的学生。 2. 表示用途： the waiting room = the room for waiting 候车室 a working method 工作方法 He has a reading room. 他有一个书房。 【比较】 过去分词作定语： 及物动词的过去分词表示被动，不及物动词的过去分词表示动作完成。 例如： That is the book written by Lu Xun. 那是鲁迅写的书。 He is a returned student. 他是一个归国的留学生。
思维导图 易考易错点总结 状语从句包括时间状语从句、地点状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句、原因状 语从句、目的状语从句和结果状语从句。 对状语从句的考查主要集中在连接词上， 尤其要重 视as, until, before, since, when, in case 等连词的各种语义功能和语法功能。具体来说主要包 括： 1考查状语从句的连接词。要掌握各个连词的含义及其用法，还有它们之间的区别。 如: 时间状语的连词有 while, when , as , as soon as until , not …until , before, after, since 等；条件状语从句的连词有 if , uni ess, in case, on con diti on that, provided (that), suppos ing, suppose (that)等；结果状语从句的连词有 so …that(如此 .... 以至于),such …that(如此 ...... 以 至于)等。 2 ?考查固定搭配和习惯用法的连接词。 女口： no soon er …tha n …，hardly …whe n …，scarcely …before …，the mome nt/minute , directly 。 3. 考查不同性质的连词在不同的语境中所表达的不同意义。 女口： as 既能引导时间状语从句，又能引导原因状语从句和让步状语从句； where 能引导 地点状语从句和定语从句等。 4. 考查状语从句的时态。 主要考查在时间、条件、让步状语从句中用一般现在时表将来及用一般过去时代替过去 将来时的用法。 5. 考查状语从句的省略。 状语从句
过去分词做状语同步课堂教学设计 编写人：吴翔审批人： 学习目标： 1. 熟记过去分词的基本用法；提升灵活运用能力。 2. 合作探究、大胆质疑；归纳过去分词的用法。 3. 激情投入学习；享受攻克难关的快乐。 【使用说明】 1. 利用自主自习时间根据要求对导学案进行有效预习（约30分钟） 2. 1）15分钟自学、讨论 2）25分钟质疑、展示、点拨、巩固落实 3）5分钟当堂检测 【课前预习】 分词是动词的一种非谓语形式，主要起形容词和副词的作用，可以作定语、表语或是状语等 分词有两种，一种是现在分词，一种是过去分词。这两种分词在句子中能担任的成分大体相同，主要是在“意思”上有主动和被动之分。过去分词有两大特点：一是表被动的概念；二是表动作已完成。过去分词在句中可用作定语、表语、宾语补足语或状语等成分。过去分词在句中作某种成分时，其逻辑主语一般为该分词所表示的动作的承受者。 1.作定语 1）及物动词过去分词既表被动，又表完成；不及物动词过去分词，只表完成。 boiled water开水、selected apples 精选苹果、spoken English英语口语、 iced beer冰镇啤酒、cooked food熟食、fried chips炸土豆条； fallen leaves落叶、 the risen sun升起的太阳 2）单个的过去分词作定语时，一般可以放在被修饰词语之前，也可以放在所修饰词语的后面。 The excited children didn’t know how to do with themselves. The meeting held yesterday was very important. 3）过去分词短语作定语时，须将分词放在被修饰的词语之后，功能相当于一个定语从句。Her daughter，brought up by me(=who was brought up by me)has begun to work now. 由我带大的她的女儿现在已经参加工作了。 2.作表语 1）当“人”做主语时用过去分词作表语，表示主语的状态或思想感情等。 He seemed quite delighted at the idea. 听到这个想法，他似乎很高兴。 2）过去分词作表语不要与被动语态混为一体。分词作表语表示主语的状态，而被动语态则表示被动的动作。比较： My glasses are broken.我的眼镜碎了。(状态) My glasses were broken by my son.我的眼镜被我儿子摔碎了。(动作) 3. 作宾补 1）过去分词用在表示“致使”含义的动词keep，leave，have，make, get等的后面。 They kept the door locked for a long time. 他们把门锁了好长一段时间。 Don’t leave the windows broken like this all the time. 不要让窗户一直像这样破着。 I have had my bike repaired. 我让人修了修我的自行车。 I raised my voice to make myself heard. 我提高了嗓门以便被人家听到。 2）过去分词常用在感官动词watch，notice，see，hear，listen to，feel，find等的后面。
动词-ing形式作表语定语，宾补及状语的用法 一、动词-ing形式作表语 1.表示主语的内容,可以转换到句首作主语 Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible. (= keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job) 她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。 2.表示主语具有的特征、性质和状态(动词ing相当一个形容词） The problem is quite puzzling. 这个问题很令困惑。 3.常用来作表语的现在分词有astonishing, amusing, confusing, disappointing, boring, encouraging, inspiring, moving, tiring, interesting, surprising等。 全析提示：动词-ing形式作表语时，其逻辑主语往往是句子中的主语，但用作表语的-ing形式也可带有自己的逻辑主语。 What worries me most is her staying too late every night. (staying too late every night的逻辑主语是her) 二、动词-ing形式作定语 1单个的动词-ing形式可以作前置定语，一般具有两种含义。 ①说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。 a reading room = a room which is used for reading 阅览室 running shoes =shoes for running 跑鞋 a working method =a method for working 工作方法 ②表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。 developing countries = countries that are developing 发展中国家 an ordinary-looking house = a house that looks ordinary 看起来很普通的房子 a puzzling problem = a problem that puzzles somebody 困扰人的问题 2作定语的动词-ing形式如是一个短语，则应放在被修饰词的后面,做后置定语，相当于一个定语从句。 They lived in a house facing south.(=which is facing south) 他们住在一所朝南的房子里。 Do you know the boy playing basket?（=Who is playing basket) 你认识在打篮球的那个小男孩吗？ The man visiting Japan (=the man who is visiting Japan ) is my uncle 正在访问日本的那个男人是我的叔叔。 三、动词-ing形式作宾补 1、动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后 面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。 When we returned, we found a stranger standing in front of the house. 2、当主句转换为被动结构时,原来作宾语补足语 的动词-ing形式便转换为主语补足语。
1 高二英语YY-16-020 《状语从句》导学案 编写人：田春丽 审核人：田振玉 编写时间：2016年12月 班级： 组别： 姓名： 等级： 【学习目标】 1.状语从句的识别 2. 状语从句的分类； 3. 状语从句的引导词； 4.状语从句的用法； 【教学重难点】 ①状语从句的引导词； ②状语从句的用法； 【导学环节设计】 Step 1识别状语从句, 区分when, if, where 引导的宾语从句和状语从句。 【前置学习任务】【小组合作】 1.Tell me when the pain started. 2.When he comes back, I’ll tell you . 3.If you work hard, you’ll succeed. 4. My mother asked me if\whether I was hungry. 5. He didn ’t come to school because he was ill. 6.He is so poor that he can ’t buy a bike for his son. 7. Tom runs faster than John does. 8. We started early in order that we could catch the first train. 9. Though he is young, he knows a lot. 10. Where there is a will, there is a way. 11. I don ’t know where he lives. 12. You must do the exercise as I show you. 【合作学习任务】 观察前面的11个句子，总结填空。 以上_________________________句子考查的是状语从句。它在句中用作_________(主语/宾语/谓语/定语/状语)。可修饰谓语（或其它动词）、形容词、副词或是整个句子。通常状语从句分为9大类，它们是时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句、方式状语从句、比较状语从句、让步状语从句。 （_________句子考查的是_________从句。它在句中用作_________。 Step 2 状语从句的分类和引导词 一、时间状语从句。 1. 引导词 时间状语从句常用when, while, as, before, after, as soon as, till, until, not … until, since, no sooner … than, hardly … when 等词来引导。例： When I came into the office, the teachers were having a meeting. We were listening to the radio while he was reading newspaper. As time goes by, it ’s getting warmer and warmer. He started as soon as he received the news. 课题：Unit 7-8 Grammar 授课时间： 课时：第 课时
V-ing作定语和状语 Ⅰ. V-ing 作定语 单个的V-ing作定语，常放在被修饰的名词前面作前置定语；V-ing短语作定语，则放在被修饰名词的后面，作后置定语。 1．V-ing作定语，说明被修饰词的性质、特征或用途。 He may be in the reading room . (read) 他可能在阅览室里。 They set up an _______________ table. (operate) 他们搭起一个手术台。 2．V-ing 作定语，表示其与被修饰词之间为主动关系，并且表示动作正在进行。 There are about 200 students studying in this school. 大约有200个学生在这个学校学习。 Who is the woman_________________our English teacher?( talk) 正在和我们英语老师谈话的那个女人是谁？ 3．有些V-ing已经转化成了形容词，常用作定语修饰物，表示“令人……”：exciting, shocking, puzzling, confusing, disappointing, discouraging, boring, tiring, moving, touching, interesting, satisfying, frightening, amazing等。 ①That must be a ______________experience. (terrify) 那肯定是一次可怕的经历。 ②The experiment was____________________________. (amaze) 那实验是一个惊人的成功。 Ⅱ. V-ing作状语 V-ing （短语）可以在句子中作状语来修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、方式、让步或伴随状况。现在分词一般不用作表目的的状语（通常用不定式表目的状语）。V-ing作状语，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语________，且分词必须和句中的主语是逻辑上的__________关系。 1. 作时间状语 _________________________, he jumped with joy.(hear) 当听到这个好消息时，他高兴地跳了起来。 2. 作结果状语 The boy ran even faster，reaching the school out of breath. 那个男孩跑得更快了，到达学校时累得上气不接下气了。 The song is sung all over the country, ________________________ song.( make) 全国到处在传唱这首歌曲，使它成了一首最受欢迎的歌曲。 3. 作伴随状语与谓语所表示的动作同时发生。 He stood by the window, watching people passing by his window.他站在窗前，望着来来往往的人们。_____________________, they went into the room .( talk) 他们有说有笑地走进房间。 4. 作原因状语 Being a student, I must study hard. 作为一名学生，我必须努力学习。___________________, he didn?t go to school.(be) 由于生病，他没有上学。 注意：表示原因的V-ing 形式一般位于句首，相当于一个原因状语从句。其否定式直接在句首加not . ______________________her address, , we couldn?t get in touch with her. ( know) 由于不知道她地址，我们无法和她联系。 5. 作让步状语 Being young，the little boy knows a lot about computer.尽管这个小男孩很小，但是他懂得很多电脑知识。 _________________ here for four years, I am not familiar with my neighbors. （live） 虽然我在这儿住了四年，我对邻居们都还不熟悉。 6. 作条件状语 Heating water, we can change it into vapor. 把水加热，我们可以将其变为水蒸汽。 _____________ahead, you will see a white house.( walk) 一直往前走，你就会看到一座白色的房子。 7. 作方式状语 ____________________, we visited many places. (travel) 我们乘车游览了许多地方。 注意： 1.当v-ing所表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前时，应使用__________式：_________________ ①After he finished his homework, he rushed out to play basketball. =___________________his homework, he rushed out to play basketball.他完成作业后冲出去打篮球。 ②After he closed the windows, he went out of the classroom. =____________________the windows, he went out of the classroom. 关上窗户后,他走出教室。 2.当v-ing与句子的主语之间存在着逻辑上的动宾关系时，应该使用________式：_________. The tall building ___________________ now is our new school.( build) 正在被修建的那栋大楼是我们的新学校。 3. V-ing作状语时，它的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语_______________。 ①Rushing into the dining-room, I found super was waiting for. （） ②Rushing into the dining-room, supper was waiting for me. （） Ⅲ. 连词+ V-ing V-ing作状语时，相当于省略的状语从句。由when / while / after / before / if /though / unless/as if等引导的状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时,如果从句的谓语动词是主动语态,则可以省略从句的主语,而保留原连词,形成"连词+现在分词"的结构形式。 1.Though they lacked(缺少)money, his parents managed to send him to university. =______________________ money, his parents managed to send him to university. 2.When I was walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine. =_____________________________, I came across an old friend of mine. 3.Unless I was invited, I wouldn?t go to the party. =_____________________, I wouldn?t go to the party. 4.As I am a student, I must study hard. = _________________a student, I must study hard.
2013高考总复习语法导学案（五） 状语从句 一、概念及分类： 句子可以分为简单句，并列句和复合句；复合句中从句可分为________，_________和___________。用来修饰谓语动词、其它动词、定语、状语或整个句子的从句叫做_________。状语从句可分为：1._____状语从句；2._____状语从句；3.______状语从句； 4._____状语从句； 5._____状语从句； 6._____状语从句； 7._____状语从句； 8._____状语从句； 9._____状语从句。 二、时间状语从句 1．when, while和as When I lived there, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays. ________________________. 我们正在开会这时有人闯进来。(have) We _______________________________________someone broke in. 她正要去买东西这时突然下起雨来。(about/ point) She _______________________________________ it suddenly began to rain 他刚完成家庭作业就有人叫他去打篮球。（when） _______________________________________ someone asked him to play basketball. It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could easily walk there in five minutes. （____________） I go to the theater whenever I get the chance. (__________________) We were listening/ listened to the radio while he was reading newspaper. I like tea while he like coffee. Please don’t talk so loud while others are working. While we didn’t agree, we continue t o be good friends. As time goes on, it’s getting warmer and warmer. (____________) He hurried home, looking behind as he went. (____________) 总结：while引导的从句谓语动词必须是_____________________, 常用___________时。作为并列连词，表示_________________，翻译成_____________；语气比but ________。while 除了引导时间状语从句外，还可以引导_____________________________。 2．as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, the instant, no sooner…than…, hardly (scarcely, barely)…when… The moment I heard the voice, I knew father was coming. No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left. The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother.