重庆大学全日制专业硕士研究生
《英语》课程试卷(B 类)
2014~2015 学年 第 一 学期（秋）
开课学院：外国语学院 课程编号：G0401A 考试日期： 2015.01.10
考试方式：
开卷闭卷
其他 考试时间： 120 分钟
硕士生B 类答题纸 英语班次：_______________ Answer Sheet
Part I. Reading Comprehension ( 40 points, 1-10 20points; 11-20 20points) 1. ( ) 2. ( ) 3. ( ) 4. ( ) 5. ( ) 6. ( ) 7. ( ) 8. ( ) 9. ( ) 10. ( )
11. ( ) 12. ( ) 13. ( ) 14. ( ) 15. ( )
16. ( ) 17. ( ) 18. ( )
19. ( ) 20. ( )
Part II. Translation from English to Chinese ( 20 points)
Part III. Translation from Chinese to English ( 20 points ) Part IV. Writing ( 20 points)
(Please write your composition on the reverse side. 请写在背面)
重庆大学硕士研究生《英语 》课程试卷 2014～2015 学年 第 一 学期 硕士生B 类
Part I. Reading Comprehension （40 points ）
Directions : Read the following passages carefully and then select the best answer from the four choices given to answer the questions or to complete the statements that follow each passage. Write your answer on your Answer Sheet.
Passage One
As a wise man once said, we are all ultimately alone. But an increasing number of Europeans are choosing to be so at an ever earlier age. This isn ’t the stuff of gloomy philosophical contemplations, but a fact of Europe ’s new economic landscape, embraced by sociologists, real-estate developers and ad executives alike. The shift away from family life to solo lifestyle, observes a French sociologist, is part of the irresistible momentum of individualism over the last century. The communications revolution, the shift from a business culture of stability to one of mobility and the mass entry of women into the workforce have greatly wreaked havoc on Europeans ’ private lives. Europe ’s new economic climate has largely fostered the trend toward independence. The current generation of home-aloners came of age during Europe ’s shift from social democracy to the sharper, more individualistic climate of American style capitalism. Raised in an era of privatization and increased consumer choice, today ’s tech-savvy workers have embraced a free market in love as well as economics. Modern Europeans are rich enough to afford to live alone, and temperamentally independent enough to want to do so. Once upon a time, people who lived alone tended to be those on either side of marriage —twenty something professionals or widowed senior citizens. While pensioners, particularly elderly women, make up a large proportion of those living alone, the newest crop of singles are high earners in their 30s and 40s who increasingly view living alone as a lifestyle choice. Living alone was conceived to be negative —dark and cold, while being together suggested warmth and light. But then came along the idea of singles. They were young, beautiful, strong! Now, young people want to live alone. The booming economy means people are working harder than ever. And that doesn ’t leave much room for relationships. Pimpi Arroyo, a 35-year-old composer who lives alone in a house in Paris, says he hasn ’t got time to get lonely because has too much work. “I have deadlines which would make life with someone else fairly difficult ”. Only an Ideal Woman would make him change his lifestyle, he says. Kaufmann, author of a recent book called “The Sing le Woman and Prince Charming ”, thinks this fierce new individualism means that people expect more and more of mates, so relationships don ’t last long —if they start at all. Eppendorf, a blond Berliner with a deep tan, teaches grade school in the mornings. In the afternoon she sunbathes or sleeps, resting up for going dancing. Just shy of 50, she says she ’d never have wanted to do what her mother did —give up a career to raise a family. Instead, “I ’ve always done what I wanted to do: live a self-determined life ”.
1. More and more young Europeans remain single because
A. they are driven by an overwhelming sense of individualism.
B. they have entered the workforce at a much earlier age.
命题（组题封
线
密
C. they have embraced a business culture of stability.
D. they are pessimistic about their economic future.
2.What is said about European society in the passage?
A. It has fostered the trend towards small families.
B. It is getting closer to American-style capitalism.
C. It has limited consumer choice despite a free market.
D. It is being threatened by irresistible privatization.
3.According to Paragraph 3, the newest group of singles are
A. warm and lighthearted.
B. on either side of marriage.
C. negative and gloomy.
D. healthy and wealthy.
4.The author quotes Eppendorf to show that
A. some modern women prefer a life of individual freedom.
B. the family is no longer the basic unit of society in present-day Europe.
C. some professional people have too much work to do to feel lonely.
D. Most Europeans conceive living a single life as unacceptable.
5.What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?
A. To review the impact of women becoming high earners.
B. To contemplate the philosophy underlying individualism.
C. To examine the trend of young people living alone.
D. To stress the rebuilding of personal relationships.
Passage Two
American dramas and sitcoms would have been candidates for prime time several years ago. But those programs －though some remain popular －increasingly occupy fringe times slots on foreign networks. Instead, a growing number of shows produced by local broadcasters are on the air at the best times.
The shift counters longstanding assumptions that TV shows produced in the United States would continue to overshadow locally produced shows from Singapore to Sicily. The changes are coming at a time when the influence of the United States on international affairs has annoyed friends and foes alike, and some people are expressing relief that at least on television American culture is no longer quite the force it once was.
“There has always been a concern that the image of the world would be shaped too much by American culture,” said Dr. Jo Groebek, director general of the European Institu te for the Media, a non-profit group. Given the choice, he adds, foreign viewers often prefer homegrown shows that better reflect local tastes, cultures and historical events.
Unlike in the United States, commercial broadcasting in most regions of the world －including Asia, Europe, and a lesser extent Latin America, which has a long history of commercial TV －is a relatively recent development.
A majority of broadcasters in many countries were either state-owned or state-subsidized for much of t he last century. Governments began to relax their control in the 1980’s by privatizing national broadcasters and granting licenses to dozens of new commercial networks. The rise of cable and satellite pay-television increased the spectrum of channels.
Relatively inexperienced and often financed on a shoestring, these new commercial stations needed hours of programming fast. The cheapest and easiest way to fill airtime was to buy shows from American studios, and the bidding wars for popular shows were fierce.
The big American studios took advantage of that demand by raising prices and forcing foreign broadcasters to buy less popular programs if they wanted access to the best-selling shows and movies.
“The studio priced themselves out of prime time,” said Harry Evans Sloan, chairman of SBS Broadcasting, a Pan-European broadcaster. Mr. Sloan estimates that over the last decade, the price of American programs has increased fivefold even as the international ratings for these shows have declined.
American broadcasters are still the biggest buyers of American-made television shows, accounting for 90% of the $25 billion in 2001 sales. But international sales which totaled $2.5 billion last year often make the difference between a profit and a loss on show. As the pace of foreign sales slows －the market is now growing at 5% a year, down from the double-digit growth of the 1990’s －studio executives are rethinking production costs.
6. Which of the following best characterizes the image embodied in American shows?
A. Self-contradictory
B. Prejudice-free
C. Culture-loaded
D. Audience-targeted
7. The intervention of governments in the 1980’s resulted in __________ .
A. the patenting of domination shows and movies
B. the emergence of new commercial networks
C. the promotion of cable and satellite pay-television
D. the intense competition coming from the outside
8. The phrase “on a shoestring” (Para. 6) most probably means __________.
A. in need of capital
B. after a fashion
C. on second thoughts
D. in the interests of themselves
9. The main reason why American dramas and sitcoms are driven out of prime time is that ____.
A. they lose competitiveness
B. they are not market-oriented
C. they are too much priced
D. they fall short of audience expectations
10. American studio producers will give thought to production costs __________.
A. if they have no access to popular shows
B. because their endeavors come to no avail
C. since bidding wars are no longer fierce
D. as international sales pace slows down
Passage Three
How shops can exploit people's herd mentality to increase sales
1. A TRIP to the supermarket may not seem like an exercise in psychological warfare—but it is. Shopkeepers know that filling a store with the aroma of freshly baked bread makes people feel hungry and persuades them to buy more food than they had intended. Stocking the most expensive products at eye level makes them sell faster than cheaper but less visible competitors. Now researchers are investigating how “swarm intelligence” (that is，how ants，bees or any social animal，including humans，behave in a crowd) can be used to influence what people buy.
2. At a recent conference on the simulation of adaptive behaviour in Rome，Zeeshan-ul-hassan Usmani，
a computer scientist from the Florida Institute of Technology，described a new way to increase impulse buying using this phenomenon. Supermarkets already encourage shoppers to buy things they did not realise they wanted: for instance，by placing everyday items such as milk and eggs at the back of the store，forcing shoppers to walk past other tempting goods to reach them. Mr Usmani and Ronaldo Menezes，also of the Florida Institute of Technology, set out to enhance this tendency to buy more by playing on the herd instinct. The idea is that, if a certain product is seen to be popular, shoppers are likely to choose it too. The challenge is to keep customers informed about what others are buying.
3. Enter smart-cart technology. In Mr Usmani's supermarket every product has a radio frequency identification tag, a sort of barcode that uses radio waves to transmit information，and every trolley has a scanner that reads this information and relays it to a central computer. As a customer walks past a shelf of goods, a screen on the shelf tells him how many people currently in the shop have chosen that particular product. If the number is high, he is more likely to select it too.
4. Mr Usmani's “swarm-moves” model appeals to supermarkets because it increases sal es without the need to give people discounts. And it gives shoppers the satisfaction of knowing that they bought the “right” product—that is，the one everyone else bought. The model has not yet been tested widely in the real world，mainly because radio frequency identification technology is new and has only been installed experimentally in some supermarkets. But Mr Usmani says that both Wal-Mart in America and Tesco in Britain are interested in his work, and testing will get under way in the spring.
5. Another recent study on the power of social influence indicates that sales could，indeed，be boosted in this way. Matthew Salganik of Columbia University in New York and his colleagues have described creating an artificial music market in which some 14,000 people downloaded previously unknown songs. The researchers found that when people could see the songs ranked by how many times they had been downloaded, they followed the crowd. When the songs were not ordered by rank, but the number of times they had been downloaded was displayed, the effect of social influence was still there but was less pronounced. People thus follow the herd when it is easy for them to do so.
6. In Japan a chain of convenience shops called RanKing RanQueen has been ordering its products according to sales data from department stores and research companies. The shops sell only the most popular items in each product category，and the rankings are updated weekly. Icosystem，a company in Cambridge，Massachusetts, also aims to exploit knowledge of social networking to improve sales.
7. And the psychology that works in physical stores is just as potent on the internet .Online retailers such as Amazon are adept at telling shoppers which products are popular with like-minded consumers. Even in the privacy of your home, you can still be part of the swarm.
Questions 11-15
Complete the sentences below with words taken from the reading passage. Use NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
11. Shopowners realize that the smell of _______ freshly baked bread ________ can increase sales of food products.
12. In shops, products shelved at a more ______visible level ________ sell better even if they are more expensive.
13. According to Mr. Usmani, with the use of “swarm intelligence” phenomenon, a n ew method can be applied to encourage _________ impulse buying ______.
14. If the number of buyers shown on the _______ screen ________ is high, other customers tend to follow them.
15. Using the “swarm-moves” model, shopowners do not have to give cust omers _____ discounts __________ to increase sales.
Questions 16-20
Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage? For questions 16-20 write
YES if the statement agrees with the information
NO if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this in the passage
16. Radio frequency identification technology has been installed experimentally in big
supermarkets like Wal-Mart and Tesco.
17. People tend to download more unknown songs than songs they are familiar with.
18. People follow the others to the same extent whether it is convenient or not.
19. Items sold in some Japanese stores are simply chosen according to the sales data of
other shops.
20. Swarm intelligence can also be observed in everyday life.
Part II. Translation from English to Chinese (20 points)
Directions:Put the following passage into Chinese. Write your answer on your Answer Sheet.
Chinese housing prices have been hot social topics in recent years. House prices in medium-and-large cities keep high, with the trend of further going up. Some young people simply cannot afford purchasing any house, while others become mortgage slaves. Mortgage slaves (or house slaves) are a new buzzword that emerged in the society in recent years. Just as the name suggests, house slaves refer to people who are enslaved to mortgage for their houses. These people borrow loans from banks to buy a house and then repay the loans with their lifetime efforts. According to survey by a real estate website, about 32 % of Chinese people paid over 50% of their income as monthly mortgage payment, so they indeed became slaves of the house. While they seem to enjoy some psychological comfort that they have their own houses, they have to bear tremendous stress, with quality of life dropped down significantly．
Part III. Translation from Chinese into English (20 points)
Directions: Put the following Chinese into English. Write your answer on your Answer Sheet.
终身学习是指从学前到退休后获得及更新各种能力，兴趣，知识和资质的过程。它促进人们的知识和能力发展，使他们能适应知识型社会并能积极参与各领域的社会和经济生活，更好地把握自己的未来。此外，终身学习还为人们提供提升基本技能的第二次机会以及更高级别的学习机会。所有这些都意味着正规教育体系需变得更开放更灵活，以使这些机会真正适合学习者的需求。Part IV. Writing (20 points)
Directions:You are to write a composition approximately 150 words in length according to the following requirement. Write your composition on your Answer Sheet.
In some countries some school leavers are choosing to work or travel for a period of time between finishing school and attending university. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages for school leavers'
decision-taking a gap year (间隔年). Give your own opinion and reasons. Use your experience of life to explain it.
The Advantages and Disadvantages of Taking a Gap Year
重庆大学硕士研究生《英语》课程试卷
2014 ~2015学年第一学期
硕士生B类试题参考答案
Part I. Reading Comprehension ( 40 points: 1-10 20points;11-20 20points )
1. (A )
2. (B)
3. (D)
4. (A)
5. (C )
6. (C )
7. (B)
8. (A )
9. (C) 10. (D)
11. freshly baked bread 12. visible level 13. impulse buying
14. screen 15. discounts
16.No17. Not given18. No 19. Yes 20. Yes
Part II. Translation from English to Chinese ( 20 points)
中国房价问题近年来一直是社会热门话题。大中型城市房价一直居高不下且呈逐渐上涨的趋势。有的年轻人根本买不起房，有的则成为了房奴(mortgage slaves)。房奴是近几年出现的社会流行词。顾名思义，房奴的意思是房屋的奴隶。这些人为买房而向银行借贷款，然后用一生的精力来偿还。据某房地产网站的调查，中国约32％的人月供占到了收入的50％以上，成为了名副其实的房奴。他们在享受有房的心理安慰的同时，也承受着巨大的精神压力，生活质量大为下降。
Part III. Translation from Chinese to English ( 15 points )
Lifelong learning refers to the process of acquiring and updating all kinds of abilities, interests, knowledge and qualifications from the pre-school years to post-retirement. It promotes the development of knowledge and competences and enables people to adapt to the knowledge-based society and actively participate in all spheres of social and economic life, taking more control of his or her future. Lifelong learning also provides “second chances” to update basic skills and learning opportunities at more advanced levels. All this means that systems of formal education need to become much more open and flexible, so that such opportunities can truly be tailored to the needs of the learner.
Part IV. Writing ( 20points)
命
题
（
组
题
）
人
：
审
题
人
：
命
题
时
间
：
研
究
生
院
制
封线密
试卷代码： 南京城市职业学院2015-2016学年度第二学期 酒店管理专业酒店英语期末考试试题 班级：学号：姓名： 2016年6月 一、单选题（每题1分，共20分） 1、Good morning. _______ I help you? A、Would B、Must C、May D、Am 2、I would like to _________ a room, please. A．order B、book C、see D、look 3. It’s very kind __________ you to help me. A．of B、to C、by D、for 4. What’s the ________ for a double room? A. right B. rate C、money D、for 5. I would like to book a double room ________ bath. A. with B. of C、by D、for 6.Excuse me, sir. You need to ________ the form. A. fill in B. fill on C、fill of D、fill for 7.We are looking forward to __________ you. A. see B. saw C、seeing D、sees 8.I'm afraid we are fully booked _______ the 5th. A. with B. of C、by D、for 9.Do you want to pay _____ cash or _____ credit card. A. in in B. by by C、by in D、in by 10.The porter will show you _______ your room. A. with B. to C、by D、for 11.My flight will leave ______ 6 pm today. A. with B. on C、at D、for 12.The hotel is full and there is someone ________ your room. A. take B. To take C、takes D、taking 13.Let me _______ you with your luggage.
《大学英语3》期末考试题型: 1、听力理解：25%（共25题，每题1分） 短对话7个、篇章理解2篇、复合式听写1篇，共25题，25分。 2、选词填空题：10% （共10题，每题1分） 3、阅读理解：20% （1）、完型填空1篇，10题，每题1分 （2）、传统仔细阅读1篇，5题，每题2分 4、翻译：25% （1）、句子翻译（中文翻译成英文）：15% （5题，每题3分，15分） （2）、段落翻译（英文翻译成中文）：10% （1题，10分） 5、作文：20% 注意：考试课文范围： 《大学英语3（新世纪）》：第三册第1、2、3、5单元 出题范围： 1、复习所学单元的生词、词组、搭配等，第二部分选词填空题在课后练习中出题： 《大学英语3（新世纪）》：课后练习 Words In Action 中Ex. 2 2、认真复习课文，段落翻译（英译中）从课文的Text A（新世纪）中抽取。 3、认真复习课后练习，句子翻译（中译英）从课后练习Translation1中抽取。 4、其余题目均从试题库中抽取。 另：请各位《大学英语3》任课老师提醒学生自带耳机，期末考试中有听力题型。
《大学英语1》期末考试题型: 1、听力理解：25%（共25题，每题1分） 短对话8个、长对话2篇、章理解3篇，共25题，25分。 2、选词填空题：10% （共10题，每题1分） 3、阅读理解：20% 传统仔细阅读2篇，10题，每题2分 4、翻译：25% （1）、句子翻译（中文翻译成英文）：15% （5题，每题3分，15分） （2）、段落翻译（英文翻译成中文）：10% （1题，10分） 5、作文：20% 注意：考试课文范围： 《大学英语1（新世纪）》：第一册第1、2、4、5单元 出题范围： 1、复习所学单元的生词、词组、搭配等，第二部分选词填空题在课后练习中出题： 《大学英语1（新世纪）》：课后练习 Words In Action 中Ex. 2 2、认真复习课文，段落翻译（英译中）从课文的Text A（新世纪）中抽取。 3、认真复习课后练习，句子翻译（中译英）从课后练习Translation中抽取。 4、其余题目均从试题库中抽取。 另：请各位《大学英语1》任课老师提醒大一新生购买耳机，期末考试中有听力题型。
ENGLISH PROFICIENCY EXAM (Sample Test) FOR NON-ENGLISH MAJOR POSTGRADUATE STUDENTS TIANJIN UNIVERSITY PART 1: LISTENING COMPREHENSION Section A: Directions: In this section, you will hear 9 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, there will be a question. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. You must read the 4 suggested answers marked A, B, C, and D, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center. 1. A. The conversation doesn’t say. C. They will go roller skating. B. They will go ice skating. D. They will stay at home. 2. A. The two speakers are good friends. B. The man is inviting the woman to meet again. C. The man is simply saying good-bye to the woman. D. The two speakers care about each other. 3. A. He is tall. C. He wears a green shirt. B. He wears glasses. D. He has a mustache. 4. A. She wears pants. C. She is serious-looking. B. She wears a dark T-shirt. D. She has long hair. 5. A. The man is apologetic for what happened. C. The man is the husband of the wife. B. The man will replace the table cloth. D. The woman asks the man to keep his word. 6. A. The man has it. C. It’s in th e library. B. The woman has it. D. It’s at home. 7. A. In the middle of the hall on the first floor. B. In the basement. C. In the middle of the hall on the second floor. D. On the stairs. 8. A. It’s opposite the church. C. It’s on the other side of the street. B. It’s quite far away from here. D. It’s side by side with the church. 9. A. Sending a letter in the post office. C. Returning some books to the library. B. Cashing a check in the bank. D. Visiting her son’s teacher at school. Section B: Directions: In this section, you will hear 2 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the 4 suggested choices marked A, B, C, and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center. Questions 10 to 12 are based on the following passage. 10. A. It’s in one time zone.
期末考试《酒店英语》（A 卷）参考答案及评分标准 一、选择题（下列各题的备选答案中只有一个选项是正确的，请将正确答案填在10分） A. knowledge B. preservation C. development D.B and C 2.Resources are a fundamental _______ in the development of tourism. https://www.doczj.com/doc/ff14433507.html,parison https://www.doczj.com/doc/ff14433507.html,position https://www.doczj.com/doc/ff14433507.html,pliment https://www.doczj.com/doc/ff14433507.html,ponent 3. The Yangtze River is nearly 6300 kilometers in _______ . A. wide B. long C. width D. length 4.The most important factors for the travel agents to succeed are ______. A.good management and good service B.good offices https://www.doczj.com/doc/ff14433507.html,puter reservations systems D.fare quotations and ticketing skills 5. _______ the temperature, _______ water turns into steam. A. The high, the fast B. Higher, faster C. The more higher, the faster D. The higher, the faster 6.As China's economy shifts to a more market system, the domestic travel industry will face increasing _____ in a more highly competitive environment. A.changes B.charges C.challenges D.chances 7. Our company is _______ of other makers of spare parts for the airplane. A. in advance B. ahead C. abreact D. in front 8. People on vacation often go to_______ to rest or play or to meet other people. A. major cities B. airports C. resorts D. ground transportation 9. A hotel's_______comes from payments made for the use of its rooms and other facilities. A reservations B. file C. income D. responsibility 10. Local people usually see tourism as ______. A.an opportunity to make a profit B.an opportunity to create jobs C.a cultural and employment factor D.a wealth factor in the economy of their jurisdictions 二、判断题（下列说法正确的请用 “T ” 表示，错误的请用“F ” 表示，请将正确答 案填在答题框。每题1分，共10分） Shanghai: a City for Cuisine Exploration Shanghai offers a dazzling variety of food and provides and opportunity for cuisine exploration by learning to use chopsticks. Stylish dining is one area where Shanghai leaves Beijing in the dust. Eating out in Shanghai is about more than just the food: it is a social lubricant, a time when families get together and a major form of recreation for Shanghai ’s chic elite. While friends in the west go out for a beer, the Shanghainese will choose a meal punctuated with numerous shots of rice wine. Even if you are a regular customer at your local Chinese restaurant back in America you won ’t necessarily find yourself at home with Chinese cuisine in China. You ’ll find no fortune cookies or chop suey in Shanghai and only the occasional prawn cracker. Most top-end Chinese restaurants in Shanghai have some kind of English menu but even these don ’t include the more interesting dishes. Go with your Chinese friends and let them order. In general it is always better to eat Chinese food in a group as you ’ll get a better variety of dishes. Restaurants often have set meals for a table of 10, which is
学号 姓名 系部 专业 班级 考试科目 考试时间 年 月 日 密 封 线 山东师范大学历山学院2013-2014学年第二学期 期末考试试题（B 卷） 试题卷 （时间120分钟，满分100分） 课程编号： 课程名称： 大学英语 适用年级： 2013级 适用专业： 非英语 学制： 三 注意：1、本试题试题卷共六页。 2、本试题所有答案应写在答案卷上，否则不予计成绩。 题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ Ⅴ Ⅵ 总分 阅卷人 复核人 得分 Ⅰ ⅠListening Comprehension (15%) Section A Directions: In this section you will hear 10 short dialogues. At the end of each dialogue, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the dialogues and questions will be spoken twice. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the 4 choices marked A,B,C and D,and decide which is the best answer. Then write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. 1. Where did this conversation probably happen? A In a drug store. B In a shop. C In a supermarket. D In a restaurant. 2. When will the train leave? A 14:20 B 14:00 C 14:40 D 14:30 3. How many people are there in the man ’s family? A 5. B 4. C 3. D 6. 4. How is that school? A It's even worse than people say. B It's better than it used to be. C It's better than people say. D It's not as good as it was. 5. What is implied in the conversation? A The children were enjoying themselves. B The children didn't come to the party. C The children were giving a lot of fun in the party. D The children were not behaving themselves in the party. 6. What will the weather be like? A It will get better B Rainy C Sunny. D It is colder. 7. What does the woman mean? A She does not agree with the man. B She does not know what to do. C She agrees with the man. D She has a good idea.
期期末测试题 Ⅰ、Translate The Following Terms Into Chinese 、 1、entity concept 主题概念 2、depreciation折旧 3、double entry system 4、inventories 5、stable monetary unit 6、opening balance 7、current asset 8、financial report 9、prepaid expense 10、internal control 11、cash flow statement 12、cash basis 13、tangible fixed asset 14、managerial accounting 15、current liability 16、internal control 17、sales return and allowance 18、financial position 19、balance sheet 20、direct write-off method Ⅱ、Translate The Following Sentences Into Chinese 、 1、Accounting is often described as an information system、It is the system that measures business activities, processes into reports and communicates these findings to decision makers、 2、The primary users of financial information are investors and creditors、Secondary users include the public, government regulatory agencies, employees, customers, suppliers, industry groups, labor unions, other companies, and academic researchers、 3、There are two sources of assets、One is liabilities and the other is owner’s equity、Liabilities are obligations of an entity arising from past transactions or events, the settlement of which may result in the transfer or use of assets or services in the future、 资产有两个来源，一个就是负债，另一个就是所有者权益。负债就是由过去得交易或事件产生得实体得义务，其结算可能导致未来资产或服务得转让或使用。 4、Accounting elements are basic classification of accounting practices、They are essential units to present the financial position and operating result of an entity、In China, we have six groups of accounting elements、They are assets, liabilities, owner’s equity, revenue, expense and profit (income)、会计要素就是会计实践得基础分类。它们就是保护财务状况与实体经营
ad if 命 封 线 密
A. some modern women prefer a life of individual freedom. B. the family is no longer the basic unit of society in present-day Europe. C. some professional people have too much work to do to feel lonely. D. Most Europeans conceive living a single life as unacceptable. 5.What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage? A. To review the impact of women becoming high earners. B. To contemplate the philosophy underlying individualism. C. To examine the trend of young people living alone. D. To stress the rebuilding of personal relationships. Passage Two American dramas and sitcoms would have been candidates for prime time several years ago. But those programs －though some remain popular －increasingly occupy fringe times slots on foreign networks. Instead, a growing number of shows produced by local broadcasters are on the air at the best times. The shift counters longstanding assumptions that TV shows produced in the United States would continue to overshadow locally produced shows from Singapore to Sicily. The changes are coming at a time when the influence of the United States on international affairs has annoyed friends and foes alike, and some people are expressing relief that at least on television American culture is no longer quite the force it once was. “There has always been a concern that the image of the world would be shaped too much by American culture,” said Dr. Jo Groebek, director general of the European Institu te for the Media, a non-profit group. Given the choice, he adds, foreign viewers often prefer homegrown shows that better reflect local tastes, cultures and historical events. Unlike in the United States, commercial broadcasting in most regions of the world －including Asia, Europe, and a lesser extent Latin America, which has a long history of commercial TV －is a relatively recent development. A majority of broadcasters in many countries were either state-owned or state-subsidized for much of the last century. Governments began to relax their control in the 1980’s by privatizing national broadcasters and granting licenses to dozens of new commercial networks. The rise of cable and satellite pay-television increased the spectrum of channels. Relatively inexperienced and often financed on a shoestring, these new commercial stations needed hours of programming fast. The cheapest and easiest way to fill airtime was to buy shows from American studios, and the bidding wars for popular shows were fierce. The big American studios took advantage of that demand by raising prices and forcing foreign broadcasters to buy less popular programs if they wanted access to the best-selling shows and movies. “The studio priced themselves out of prime time,” said Harry Evans Sloan, chairman of SBS Broadcasting, a Pan-European broadcaster. Mr. Sloan estimates that over the last decade, the price of American programs has increased fivefold even as the international ratings for these shows have declined. American broadcasters are still the biggest buyers of American-made television shows, accounting for 90% of the $25 billion in 2001 sales. But international sales which totaled $2.5 billion last year often make the difference between a profit and a loss on show. As the pace of foreign sales slows －the market is now growing at 5% a year, down from the double-digit growth of the 1990’s －studio executives are rethinking production costs. 6. Which of the following best characterizes the image embodied in American shows? A. Self-contradictory B. Prejudice-free C. Culture-loaded D. Audience-targeted 7. The intervention of governments in the 1980’s resulted in __________ . A. the patenting of domination shows and movies B. the emergence of new commercial networks C. the promotion of cable and satellite pay-television D. the intense competition coming from the outside 8. The phrase “on a shoestring” (Para. 6) most probably means __________. A. in need of capital B. after a fashion C. on second thoughts D. in the interests of themselves 9. The main reason why American dramas and sitcoms are driven out of prime time is that ____. A. they lose competitiveness B. they are not market-oriented C. they are too much priced D. they fall short of audience expectations 10. American studio producers will give thought to production costs __________. A. if they have no access to popular shows B. because their endeavors come to no avail C. since bidding wars are no longer fierce D. as international sales pace slows down Passage Three How shops can exploit people's herd mentality to increase sales 1. A TRIP to the supermarket may not seem like an exercise in psychological warfare—but it is. Shopkeepers know that filling a store with the aroma of freshly baked bread makes people feel hungry and persuades them to buy more food than they had intended. Stocking the most expensive products at eye level makes them sell faster than cheaper but less visible competitors. Now researchers are investigating how “swarm intelligence” (th at is，how ants，bees or any social animal，including humans，behave in a crowd) can be used to influence what people buy. 2. At a recent conference on the simulation of adaptive behaviour in Rome，Zeeshan-ul-hassan Usmani，a computer scientist from the Florida Institute of Technology，described a new way to increase impulse buying using this phenomenon. Supermarkets already encourage shoppers to buy things they did not realise they wanted: for instance，by placing everyday items such as milk and eggs at the back of the store，forcing shoppers to walk past other tempting goods to reach them. Mr Usmani and Ronaldo Menezes，also of the Florida Institute of Technology, set out to enhance this tendency to buy more by playing on the herd instinct. The idea is that, if a certain product is seen to be popular, shoppers are likely to choose it too. The challenge is to keep customers informed about what others are buying. 3. Enter smart-cart technology. In Mr Usmani's supermarket every product has a radio frequency identification tag, a sort of barcode that uses radio waves to transmit information，and every trolley has a scanner that reads this information and relays it to a central computer. As a customer walks past a shelf of goods, a screen on the shelf tells him how many people currently in the shop have chosen that particular product. If the number is high, he is more likely to select it too.
杭州之江专修学院2017 /2018 学年第一学期 17 级学前教育本大学英语1 课程期末试卷（B卷） 学院：_________ 班级: ____________ 学号:________ 姓名:_____________ 一、语音知识（共5小题；每1题分，共5分。） 在下列每组单词中，有一个单词的划线部分与其他单词的划线部分的读音不 同。找出这个词。 1. A. bus B. butter C. button D. buy 2. A. cabbage B. cage C. captain D. candle 3. A. feather B. depth C. theatre D. everything 4. A. climb B. job C. disturb D. club 5. A. health B. harvest C. happen D. honest 二、词汇与语法知识（共15小题；每小题1分，共15分。）从每小题的四 个选择中，选出最佳的一项。 6. Go and get your coat. It's_______ you left it. A. there B. where C. there where D. where there 7. It worried her a bit _______ her hair was turning grey. A. while B. that C. if D. for 8. I remember _______ this used to be a quiet village. A. when B. how C. where D. what 9. These houses are sold at low price， ______ people expected. A. like B. as C. that D. which 10. A computer does only what thinking people ______ . A. have it do B. have it done C. have done it D. having it done 11. _______ ！ There's a train coming. A. Look out B. Look around C. Look forward D. Look on 12.The accident is reported to have occurred _______ the first Sunday in February.
.. ;.. 一．中古英语时期 Beowulf is the oldest poem in the English language, and the most important specimen (范例、典范)of Anglo-Saxon literature, and also the oldest surviving epic in the English language. The romance is a popular literary form in the medieval period（中世纪）. It uses verse or prose to sing knightly a dventures or other heroic deeds. Geoffrey Chaucer, one of the greatest English poets, whose masterpiece, The Canterbury Tales（《坎特伯雷故事集》）,was one of the most important influences on the development of English literature. Chaucer is considered as the father of English poetry and the founder of English realism. 二．文艺复兴Renaissance Renaissance r efers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries. It marks a transition(过渡) from the medieval to the modern world. It started in Italy with the flowering of painting, sculpture（雕塑）and literature, and then spread to the rest of Europe. Humanism is the essence of Renaissance -----Man is the measure of all things. This was England’s Golden Age in literature. Queen Elizabeth r eigned over the country in this period. The real mainstream of the English Renaissance i s the Elizabethan drama. The most famous dramatists in the Renaissance E ngland are Christopher Marlowe and W illiam Shakespeare. The greatest of the pioneers of English drama was Christopher Marlowe. Francis Bacon was the best known essayist of this period. “Of Studies” is the most popular of Bacon’s 58 essays. Thomas More ——Utopia Edmund Spenser——The Faerie Queene 相关练习 1. Which is the oldest poem in the English language? A. Utopia B. Faerie Queene C. Beowulf D. Hamlet 2. _____ is the father of English poetry. A. Edmund Spenser B. William Shakespeare C. Francis Bacon D. Geoffrey Chaucer 3. ____ is not a playwright during the Renaissance period on England. A. William Shakespeare B. Geoffrey Chaucer C. Christopher Marlowe D. Ben Johnson 三．莎士比亚William Shakespeare “All t he world 's a stage, a nd all the men and women merely p layers.”——William Shakespeare William Shakespeare is considered the greatest playwright in the world and the finest poet who has written in the English language. Shakespeare understood people more than any other writers. He could create characters that have