研究生英语期末考试试卷

一.同义词16.Children may ridicule other children new to a neighborhood. A. make fun of17.It is useless to attempt to flee from every danger, some risks must be taken. C. run away18.Many pure metals have little use because they are too soft, rust too easily, or have some other drawbacks. B. disadvantages19.Magazines are the fifth most important advertising medium, and magazine advertising requires a substantial investment from advertisers.D. considerable20.Efforts to ameliorate housing conditions for the poor were halted because government funds were cut off. C. improve21.Because of the close collaboration of architect and builder, the building was completed ahead of schedule. B. joint work22.After World War , the Vietnamese believed that the French would allow them to be an autonomous people. A. self-governing23.Physical well-being presupposes that one should vary his diet and often have some wholesome food. C. healthful24.The layout of the book, with the text on the left and the notes on the right, makes it a pleasure to use. B. arrangement25.A child leaving home before he is ready is analogous to bird trying to leave the nest before it can fly. D. similar单选26.He had always been oblivious to the way Ruth looked, and had never once paid her a compliment.27.I like the professor's lecture because he amplified his lecture with some vivid slide shows.28.On the seminar the historians still cannot agree on the date on which the particular war commenced .29.Despite the news that her son had been dead years ago, she still clung to the hope that he would return some day.30.During the night a person's temperature may drop one or two degrees, and it can be difficult to arouse him in the morning if his body hasn't become hot yet.31.The farmers were more anxious for rain than the people in the city because they had more at stake.32.Man often wonders how the earth evolved from a hot, violent birth to the celebrated watery planet that stands out in pictures from space.33.When business is depressed , there is usually an obvious increase in unemployment.34.Social structure organization is simply the way that people, groups, and institutions are organized with respect. to one another.35.One of the reasons for his popularity in our village is that he asks after almost everyone every time when he comes back from the big city. 二.同义词16.The winner was deprived of his gold medal because he was found to have takenstimulants before the race. C. was deprived of17.The army launched a major assault against the rebel army and many citizens joinedthe army. A. attack18.Because Charles had forgotten his key, he was locked out. B. unable to in19.His behavior had been perturbing me more than had cared to admit. D. troubling20.Lighting levels are carefully controlled to fall within an acceptable level for optimalreading convenience. A. ideal21It is said that you can intimidate your enemies by speaking in a low voice and carryinga big stick. C. frighten22 .If you know in advance that the examination is going to be easy, you have noincentive to study very much. D. motive23.The soldier discovers martial stirrings in his breast as he puts on his uniform. B.excitement24.Many pure metals have little use because they are too soft, rust too easily, or havesome other drawbacks. C. disadvantages25.You'll succeed in the final examination if you stick to your belief that you are not afailure. A. adhere to单选26Care should be taken to decrease the length of time that one is subjected to loudcontinuous noise.27.The teacher set up those obstacles for no other purpose than to challenge thestudents to overcome them.28.The police who was lack of experiences was completely, taken in by the thief'sdisguise.29.My aunt wound a brightly-colored thread round her finger so as not to forget herappointment.30.They could not go to the theater together because his free time never coincideswith hers.31.A (n) personnel manager has a variety of role relations with people occupyingrelated statuses.32.This is a difficult job that needs to be tackled whole-heartedly-not ply at.33.The curtain had risen hardly when shot startled the audience.34.He would go to endless trouble to help anyone he thought worthy ofencouragement.35.Some professors prefer to control discussion while others prefer to guide the classwithout dominating it.三.同义词16. If you know in advance that the examination is going to be easy, you have noincentive to study very much. B. motive17.The mother soothed the disappointed child and then promised to take him on a picnicas soon as it stopped raining. D. comforted18.It is not easy to remain tranquil when events suddenly change your life. C. calm19.Sales are an accurate gauge of a book's popularity rather than a representation of it'sreal value. A. criterion20.Because Charles had forgotten his key, he was locked out. D. unable to in21.The army launched a major assault against the rebel army and many citizens joinedthe army. B. attack22.The winner was deprived of his gold medal because he was found to have takenstimulants before the race. A. was deprived of23.At the international conference on the nuclear weapons several dissenting statementswere made. D. opposing24.The dominant theme is of tranquility and peacefulness. C. major25.A conservative person opposes change and too many new ideas. A. unprogressive单选26.It is very likely that the Martian will also be adapted to underground existence, forconditions are much more equable underground.27.The medicine scientists discovered that the prime reason for her lung cancer isexcessive smoking.28.The interviewer interpreted the applicant's late arrival as a sign ofdisorganization, undependability or lack of interest in the job.29.After about an early age of 13, perceptions have already been formed andambitions cast.30.South Africa's black majority got its first real say in governing early last December.31.Technology has facilitated the sharing of information and the storage and32.delivery of information, thus making more information available to more people.32.Jack is the very person who can be entrusted with either money or secretinformation.33.He stopped the car so abruptly that he was hit by the car behind him.34.The black people launched civil movement, struggling for abolition of slavery.35.After a long journey, the tourists who experienced danger and hardship reached theirdestination at length.四.同义词 16.The draught has caused the depletion of supplies and rising of prices. C. exhaustion 17. Social interaction lectures for the purpose of accomplishing some aim and is always directed toward specific other people. A. interplay 18.The century-old hostilities between the two tribes eventually terminated through the persistent efforts of the local government. B. diminished 19.Many new medicines today tan eradicate diseases before they become too widespread. D. wipe out 20.Modern farms are enterprising businesses which keep only the livestock that can pay its way. A. be profitable 21.I couldn’t understand where he got the fantastic idea that other people were poisoning him. C. fanciful 22.The Chinese nation which has the historical record of 5,000 years' civilization is distinguished for its diligence and courage. D. celebrated 23.These steps will principally serve the interests of the economically dominant groups who want to protect their assets and resources from the forces of change. B. primarily 24.At the magnificent banquet a new intoxicating drink was introduced which aroused great interest among the guests. C. stimulating 25.Sometimes our intuitive notions about how society works turn out to be quite accurate. A. instinctive 单选： 26.When road traffic diminished , the whole town looked very silent. 27.Man often wonders how the earth evolved from a hot, violent birth to the celebrated watery planet that stands out in pictures from space. 28.A typical bedroom is furnished with a comfortable bed, a beautiful curtain and a D. warehouse 29.In such a changing and complex society, formerly simple solutions to informational needs become A. complicated 30.How does it C. come to that he is so badly off when he earns quite a good salary? 31.After about an early age of 13, D. perceptions have already been formed and ambitions cast. 32.The interviewer B. interpreted the applicant's late arrival as a sign of disorganization, undependability or lack of interest in the job. 33.Plastics tend to be C. resistant to these acids, so you don't need to worry. 34.After a long quarrel, they finally A. agreed on a price for a second-hand TV set. 35.I do not believe that this unreasonable scheme is B. worthy of our serious consideration. 五.同义词 16.A conservative person opposes change and too many new ideas. A. unprogressive 17.The children were full of animation as they went to the zoo. For it is the first time for them to go outing. C. excitement 18.A handshake conveys more than just a (n) mutual grasping of fingers and palms. A. common 19.Efforts to ameliorate housing conditions for the poor were halted because government funds were cut off. D. improve 20.It is said that you can intimidate your enemies by speaking in a low voice and carrying a big stick. B. frighten 21.All the staff members of the department made zealous efforts to clean up the hall for the Christmas party. A. enthusiastic 22.Children may ridicule other children new to a neighborhood. D. make fun of 23.Sales are an accurate gauge of a book's popularity rather than a representation of it's real value. B. criterion 24.On Spring Festival she liked to be dressed in her finery, which made her look so beautiful. D. arrayed 25.Many young people today find the transition from the teens to adulthood hard to face. C. transformation 单选： 26.The interviewer A. interpreted the applicant's late arrival as a sign of disorganization, undependability or lack of interest in the job. 27.After about an early age of 13, D. perceptions have already been formed and ambitions cast. 28.How does it B. come to that he is so badly off when he earns quite a good salary? 29.Technology has A. facilitated the sharing of information and the storage and delivery of information, thus making more information available to more people. 30.Jack is the very person who can be C. entrusted with either money or secret information. 31.He stopped the car so B. abruptly that he was hit by the car behind him. 32.Social corruption results from some officials D. abuse of their power, so there must be effective laws to restrict the officials' power. 33.In these days, the temperature in the ancient city of China's West has been C. abnormal the highest point reaching 40"C. 34.The quarrels of the different political parties in the turbulent country seemed likely to A. disrupt the state. 35.It is very likely that the Martian will also be D. adapted to underground existence, for conditions are much more equable underground. 六．同义词16.Skin, being sturdy and elastic and well supplied with blood, tolerates injury well and recovers quickly. A. resilient 17.Our social backgrounds also affect our attitudes toward art. D. influence 18.There is an argument that Lincoln was assassinated by an actor. B. murdered 19.Tony who was tardy told his father a long and unconvincing story to explain his lateness. A. incredible 20.The ritual household duties are always considered a dreary grind, for efforts in these areas are generally not appreciated. C. routine 21.The most important environmental influence on fish is water temperature, for fish tend to take on the temperature of their surroundings. B. assume 22.Years ago this politician did a clever, but immoral thing, which laid the foundation of his fortune. D. unethical 23.The students did not like their new teacher because he seemed so stern. C. strict 24.Embroidery depicting scenic views became popular in the United States toward the end of the 18th century. A. portraying 25.Producers were encouraged to design enticing packages geared to "sell themselves.”D. adjusted 单选26.The museum had B. substituted copies for the original manuscripts to save wear and tear on the latter. 27.News of our team winning the match was really A. overwhelming, and millions of people came out to celebrate the victory. 28.An honorary doctorate of taw was C. conferred on the general secretary of the International Law Association by this university. 29.Some professors prefer to control discussion while others prefer to guide the class without B. dominating it. 30.He would go to endless D. trouble to help anyone he thought worthy of encouragement. 31.Some of her suggestions have been adopted but others have been C. rejected as they are quite impractical. 32.The magician's talk creates a (n) A. diversion of attention so that the audience does not see how he does his tricks. 33.A police officer is more likely to D. invent in his law enforcement tactics when he is not in view of reporters. 34.With the fall in the number of students studying science, we will have lost many with the potential for intellectual B. creativity 35. A. A multitude of people are assembling in the street. What happened?。

西安电子科技大学研究生期末考试英语试题西安电子科技大学研究生课程考试试题（答案必须写在答题纸上或在答题卡上填涂）考试科目：英语基础课程编号：0821001考试日期：12 年6 月25 日考试时间：150 分考试方式：(闭卷) 任课教师：班号学生姓名：学号：考生注意事项一、本试卷由两份试卷组成：试卷一( Paper One ) 包括词汇，完形填空,与阅读理解三部分，共60题，按顺序统一编号；试卷二( Paper T wo ) 包括翻译与写作两部份，共3题。

二、试卷一（题号1－60）为客观评分题，答案一律用中性(HB)铅笔做在机读答题纸上，在对应题号下所选的字母中间划黑道，如[A] [B][C][D]。

三、试卷二为主观评分题，答案分别做在ANSWER SHEETⅡ上。

试卷一(Paper One)PartⅠ VOCABULARY (20 points)Section A: (1 point each)Directions: There are ten sentences in this section. Each sentence has one word or a set of words underlined. Below the sentence are fourwords or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Mark thecorresponding letter with a single bar across the squarebracketson your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.1. But while it may be interesting for foreigners such as the US banker to look at the Nordic model, it appears difficult to emulate it.A. intimateB. intimidateC. imitateD. intimacy2. In the inception phase, the product idea or request for proposal is developed to the point that the funding decision can be made.A. perceptionB. beginningC. inclinationD. deception3. The official said the company was looking for access to capital to make itless vulnerable to competitors and takeover bids.A. defenselessB. vagueC. temptD. vulgar4. Now he owned the state’s largest advertising agency and was a veterandirector of the bank with strong influence on the board.A. prestigiousB. necessaryC. irreplaceableD. experienced5. So the court says it is important that the trademark proprietors should not beallowed to hold a perpetual monopoly on technical solutions.A. everlastingB. temporaryC. prolongD. prevailing6. The paper is entitled: Research on the Formation of Information Technology Usage Habituation from the Automatic Goal-Directed Behavior Perspective.A. justificationB. habitC. derivationD. adaptation7. Economists, however, are doing their best to gauge just how much thedestruction will cost both Japan and the world in economic growth.A. evacuateB. evaluateC. evaporateD. consume8. Meanwhile, despite all the crackdowns and criminal penalties, melamine (三聚氰胺) continues to pop up in the country’s dairy supply.A. pump upB. go quicklyC. appear suddenlyD. are frantic with9. The study was not designed to answer why sleeping longermay bedeleterious or whether people could extend their life span by sleeping less.A. neutralB. harmfulC. positiveD. negative10.A group of ladies saunter down a road in Skegness wearing floral, collaredshirts and closed toe shoes.A. scamperB. scraperC. strollD. scootSection B (1 point each)Directions: There are ten sentences in this section. Each sentence has something omitted. Choose the word or words from the fourchoices given to best complete each sentence. Mark thecorresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracketson your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.11. She suggests taking a methodical approach to individuals you are cominginto with, dividing them up under several headings, or markets.A. beingB. useC. contactD. action12. But I am guilty of an entirely different form of multitasking: in any givenmonth, I have lots of projects on the .A. moveB. courseC. pathD. go13. I really don’t see why our English teacher our monitor for praisesince we have all done quite well this term.A. leaves outB. singles outC. trips upD. provoked up14. There may be many providers for the service, and each of them may have adifferent name for the service or some other non-standard requirementsthat the service requester must .A. abide byB. abuse byC. bet byD. abandoned by15. V erify that the version of Microsoft Exchange you are using is withthe database version that you are trying to mount.A. competitiveB. contradictC. compatibleD. indifferent16. I think, learning English can three simple ingredients: persistence,proper ways and good teachers.A. boil down toB. in terms ofC. accord toD. be regarded to17. He eventually built a new, highly automated big factory that does nothingbut the plastic stoppers, 157 million a month.A. chuck outB. check outC. put outD. churn out18.Let others make their employees’ cuts first in the hope that they willattention you.A. deflect…fromB. depart….fromC. convert….fromD. derive…from19. Technologies can a powerful influence the lifelonglearning process, as well as to help overcome various inequalities in society.A. execute….onB. excurse…onC. exert…onD. exculpate…on20. The two animals each other in their eagerness to get inside, andheard the door shut behind them with great joy and relief.A. mussed overB. tumbled overC. came overD. slashed overPart Ⅱ CLOZE TEST ( 10 points)Directions: Read the passage through. Then go back and choose one item of suitable word(s) marked A, B, C and D for each blank in thepassage. Mark the corresponding letter of the word(s) you havechosen with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.For the past two years, I have been working on students’evaluation of classroom teaching. I have kept a record of informal conversations 21 some 300 students from at 22 twenty-one colleges and universities. The students were generally frank and direct in their comments 23 how course work could be better presented. Most of their remarks were kindly made with tolerance rather than bitterness----and frequently were softened by the fact that the students were speaking about some, not all, instructors. Nevertheless, 24 the following suggestions and comments indicate, students feel 25 with things as they are in the classroom.Professors should be 26 from reading lecture notes. “It makes their voices monotonous.”If they are going to read, why not 27 out copies of the lecture? Then we wouldn’t need to go to class. Professors should 28 repeating in lectures material that is in the textbook. “29 we’ve read the material, we want to discuss it or hear it elaborated on,30 repeated.”“A lo t of students hate to buy a required text that the professor has written only to have his lectures repeat it.”21. A. counting B. covering C. figuring D. involving22. A. best B. length C. least D. large23. A. at B. on C. of D. over24. A. if B. though C. as D. whether25. A. satisfactory B. unsatisfactory C. satisfied D. dissatisfied26. A. interfered B. discouraged C. disturbed D. interrupted27. A. hold B. give C. drop D. leave28. A. avoid B. prevent C. refuse D. prohibit29. A. Until B. Unless C. Once D. However30. A. not B. or C. and D. yetPart ⅢREADING COMPREHENSION ( 30 points)Directions: In this part of the tests, there are six short passages for you to read. Read the passage carefully, and then answer the questionsthat follow. Then choose the best answer from the chioces markedA, B, C and D, and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring AnswerSheet.Passage OneThe e-book, you could argue, is environmentally friendly, which is true, but it is also incredibly counter-intuitive. Computer engineers spend a lot of their time coming up with ways to make computers ubiquitous (无所不在的) in consumer lives, and they’ve largely succeeded in that, which is part of the point. Many consumers have also been busy rejecting electronic banking, partly because we want a few tangible experiences leftin our lives, and handling money is one of those experiences. Reading a book, in a way, is an act of rebellion today. It’s a statement that despite the 35 channels coming in on the cable box, the billions of Web sites and other diversions, you’re going to read a book. This is something someone could have done in the 16th century, when the first books were printed in English.I used to attend a regular “salon”in Man hattan, where Internet people would meet, have dinner and discuss the latest trends. One of the sponsors of these social gatherings, who worked for a publisher, brought an e-book to the group, and passed it around. Everything about it bugged me; it w as characterless, flat and soulless. One might imagine reading the works of Bill Gates on it, but the thought of reading Thackeray or Dickens or Wilkie Collins or even John Steinbeck on it is a laughing matter.In other words, books are more than just words, they have —or used to have —decorative covers, because they are expressions of the author’s creativity. That’s why some people collect first editions. They want to own the book that was authorized by the writer, an edition he or she might have owned. As books age, they attain a certain patina (古色古香), reminding of the history the object has seen.31. According to the author, one drawback of computers is that .A. they require sophisticated computer literacyB. they arc interfering with our private livesC. they can be used only in a limited numbers of areasD. they deprive us of experiences of handling things32. Today, reading books is regarded as .A. creativeB. harmfulC. intellectualD. old-fashioned33. It is the author’s opinion that .A. it is ridiculous to read literary works on an e-bookB. readers find it odd to read Bill Gates’ works on an e-bookC. reading e-books is not very different from reading paper booksD. e-books will replace traditional books in the foreseeable future34. The last paragraph is mainly concerned with the ________ aspect of paperbooks.A. physicalB. intellectualC. estheticD. historical35. What is the author’s main purpose?A. To forecast the e-books’ future.B. To make a case against e-books.C. To suggest alternatives to printed books.D. To weigh the pro and con of e-books.Passage 2Of all the areas of learning, the most important is the development of attitudes. Emotional reactions as well as logical thought processes affect the behavior of most people.“The burnt child fears the fire”is one instance; another is the rise of despots (暴君) like Hitler. Both these examples also point up the fact that attitudes stem from experience. In the one case the experience was direct and impressive; in the other it wasindirect and cumulative. The Nazis were indoctrinated largely by the speeches they heard and the books they read.The classroom teacher in the elementary school is in a strategic position to influence attitudes.This is true partly because children acquire attitudes from those adults whose word they respect.Another reason it is true is that pupils often delve (挖掘)somewhat deeply into a subject in school that has only been touched upon at home or has possibly never occurred to them before. To a child who had previously acquired little knowledge of Mexico, his teacher’s method of handling such a suit would greatly affect his attitude toward Mexicans.The media through which the teacher can develop wholesome attitudes are innumerable. Social studies (with special reference to races, creeds and nationalities), science matters of health and safety, the atmosphere of the classroom…these are a few of the fertile fields for the inculcation of properemotional reactions.However, when children come to school with undesirable attitudes, it is unwise for the teacher to attempt to change their feelings by scolding them. She can achieve the proper effect by helping them obtain constructive experiences.To illustrate, first-grade pupils afraid of policemen will probably alter their attitudes after a classroom chat with the neighborhood officer in which he explains how he protects them. In the same way, a class of older children can develop attitudes through discussion, research, outside reading and all-day trips.Finally, a teacher must constantly evaluate her own attitudes, because her influence can be deleterious if she has personalprejudices. This is especially true in respect to controversial issues and questions on which children should be encouraged to reach their own decisions as a result of objective analysis of all the facts.36. The central idea conveyed in the above passage is that _______.A. attitudes affect our actionsB. teachers play a significant role in developing or changing pupils’attitudesC. attitudes can be changed by some classroom experiencesD. by their attitudes, teachers inadvertently affect pupils’ attitudes.37. A statement not made of implied in the passage is that _______.A.attitudes can be based on the learning of falsehoodsB. a child can develop in the classroom an attitude about the importanceof brushing his teethC.attitudes cannot easily be changed by rewards and lecturesD.the attitudes of elementary school-aged children are influencedprimarily by the way they were treated as infants38. The passage specifically states that _______.A.direct experiences are more valuable than indirect onesB.whatever attitudes a child learns in school have already beenintroduced at homeC.teachers should always conceal their own attitudes.D.Teachers can sometimes have an unwholesome influence on children39. The first and fourth paragraphs have all the following points in commonexcept _______.A.the importance of experience in building attitudesB.how fear sometimes governs attitudesC.how attitudes can be changed in the classroomD.how reading affects attitudes40. In the second paragraph, a substitute quotation to serve the writer’spurpose would be: _______.A.“poverty is the parent of revolution and crime.”B.“He that hath wife and children hath given hostages to fortune.C.“There is a great difference between a cunning man and a wise man.”D.“Nothing on earth consumes a man more quickly than the passion ofresentment.”Passage 3The world is undergoing tremendous changes. The rise of globalization, both economic and cultural that has swept throughout the world, has forged new ground as we enter the 21st century. But are the effects of globalization always positive? Some say no.Michael Tenet, head of the International Institute for Foreign Relations in Atlanta, is worried about current resentment throughout the world toward the rise of globalization. “Ever since the 1980s and the economic breakdown of the Asian Tigers in the late 1990s, there has been a re-evaluation of the role of globalization as a for ce for good,” he said, “Income in manycountries has declined and the gap between the most rich and the most poor has been worsened. Without further interference by governments, we could see a tragedy expressed in an increased level of poverty throughout t he Latin America and Asia.”Y et George Frank, an influential economist who works on Wall Street, sees no such danger. “E conomic liberation, increased transparency and market-based reforms have positive effect in the long run, even if market mechanism can produce short term destabilization problems,” he said. “What is most important is that barriers to trade continue to fall so that active competition for consumer goods reduces prices and in turn raises the average level of income.”Others feel that global ization’s cultural impact may be more important than its economic implications. Janice Y awee, a native of Africa, feels strongly that globalization is weakening her local culture and language. “Most of the world’s dialects will become extinct under globalization. We are paving the world with McDonald’s and English slang. It tears me up inside,” she said.However, ignoring the political dimensions of globalization has already had its cost. Nowhere was this made clearer than in the East Asian economic crisis of the late 1990s —particularly in Indonesia. In the wake of that crisis, the President Suharto’s regime was overthrown, and the entire country has been thrown into a mess. The Indonesian economy has contracted almost 50 percent, throwing tens of millions of people below the poverty line.Governments of different countries have had mixed responses to the wave of globalization. The United States is generally seen as an active proponent of greater free trade, andit certainly has enormous cultural influence by virtue of its near monopoly on worldwide entertainment. But other countries, most notably in Europe and developing nations, have sought to reduce the impact that globalization has on their domestic affairs.41. It can be inferred that Michael Tenor’s at titude toward globalization isprobably .A. strongly opposedB. cautiously agreedC. somewhat anxiousD. absolutely supportive42. According to the passage, George Frank .A. agrees with the comments made by Michael TenetB. consents the globalization is favorable to economyC. believes that the reduction of prices is due to the competitionD. thinks the instability is caused by the economic liberalization43. The words by Janice Y awee mean that .A. dialects need more protection by people in the worldB. informal English words are as popular as the McDonald's in the worldC. Janice Y awee’s local culture has vanished in the worldD. the impacts of globalization are great on cultures of the world44. The author cites the example of Indonesia in order to .A. prove the impact of globalization on the field of politicsB. show the economic crisis of the late 1990s in East AsiaC. support the successful economic and political reform in IndonesiaD. illustrate why the Suhatro’s regime collapsed45. This passage implies that .A. globalization is good for a country’s economic developmentB. globalization is widely accepted and advocated by peopleC. globalization is too influential on a country’s economy to be acceptedD. globalization is not always of great benef it to a country’s developmentPassage 4Some futurologists have assumed that the vast upsurge of women in the workforce may portend a rejection of marriage. Many women, according to this hypothesis, would rather work than marry. The converse of this concern is that the prospects of becoming a multi-paycheck household could encourage marriage. In the past, only the earnings and financial prospects of the man counted in the marriage decision. Now, however, the earning ability of a woman can make her more attractive as a marriage partner. Data shows that economic downturns tend to postpone marriage because the parties cannot afford to establish a family or are concerned about rainy days ahead. As the economy rebound, the number of marriages also rises.Coincident with the increasing women working outside the home is the increase in divorce rates. Y et, it may be wrong to jump to reply simple cause-and-effect conclusions. The impact of a wife’s work on divorce is no less cloudy than its impact on marriage decisions. The realization that she can be a good provider may increase the chances that a working wife will choose divorce over an unsatisfactory marriage. But the reverse is equally plausible. Tensions grounded in financial problemsoften play a key role in ending a marriage. Given high unemployment, inflationary problems, and slow growth in real earnings, a working wife can increase household income and relieve some of these pressing financial burdens. By raising family’s standard of living, a working wife may strengthen her family’s financial and emotional stability.Psychological factors also should be considered. For example, a wife blocked from a career outside the home may feel caged in the house. She may view her only choice as seeking a divorce. On the other hand, if she can find fulfillment through work outside the home, work and marriage can go together to create a stronger and more stable union.Also a major part of women’s inequality in marriage has been due to the fact that in most cases, men have remained the main breadwinner. With higher earning capacity and status occupations outside the home comes the capacity to exercise power, within the family. A working wife may rob a husband of being the master of the house. Depending upon how the couple reacts to these new conditions, it could create a stronger equal partnership or it could create new insecurities.46. The word “portend” in P aragraph 1 is closest in meaning to “________”.A. defyB. signalC. suffer fromD. result from47. It is said in the passage that when the economy slides, .A. men would choose working women as their marriage partnersB. more women would get married to seek financial securityC. even working women would worry about their marriagesD. more people would prefer to remain single for the time being48. One reason why women with no career may seek a divorce is that _ .A. they feel that they have been robbed of their freedomB. they are afraid of being bossed around by their husbandsC. they feel that their partners fall to live up to their expectationsD. they tend to suspect their husbands' loyalty to their marriage49. If women find fulfillment through work outside the home, .A. they are more likely to dominate their marriage partnersB. their husbands are expected to do more houseworkC. their marriage ties can be strengthenedD. they tend to put their career before marriage50. Which of the following statements can best summarize the author’s viewin the passage?A. The stability of marriage and the divorce rate may reflect the economicsituation of the country.B. Even when economically independent, most women have to strugglefor real equality in marriage.C. In order to secure their marriage, women should work outside the homeand remain independent.D. The impact of the growing female workforce on marriagevaries fromcase to case.Passage 5In evolutionary terms, humans are relative newcomers to earth, but in a short time they have established themselves as the most successful and dominant species. As Carl Sagan has commented, humans arrived late in December if we consider evolutionary time in terms of a calendar year. As our earliest ancestors left the forest to feed in the savannas and finally to form hunting societies on the open plains, their minds and behavior changed.The theory of natural selection provides an explanation of the evolutionary process. This theory is based on Charles Darwin’s observations of many animal species around the world. Darwin pointed out that organisms reproduce at rates that could lead to enormous increases in population sizes of most species.However, despite these massive reproductive capacities, population size tends to remain fairly constant.Darwin stressed that there is extensive variability-sometimes referred to as genetic diversity-among individuals in a species. Some of these variations appear advantageous for survival. Darwin argued that individuals characterized by these beneficial characteristics would be more likely to survive and succeed in reproducing themselves. Gradually, the organisms with the favorable characteristics would comprise a greater proportion of the population, and over a long period of time, the reproductive advantage could produce a gradual modification of the whole population. However, if environmental conditions change, new sets of characteristics might be favored and the whole process could move off in a different direction.Evolution proceeds at a very slow pace indeed. For example, the lines leading to the emergence of human beings and the great apes began to diverge about 14 million years ago. Modern man came into existence about 50, 000 years ago. The beginning of civilization as we know it began about 10, 000 years ago. In the ensuring years there have been no sweeping evolutionary changes in humans. This is not surprising because we have existed for only about 50, 000 years and it takes much longer fora mammalian species to develop.51. Which of the following statements is certain?A. Humans emerged later than most animals on earth.B. Humans came into existence when the earth was cold.C. Humans became hunters 10,000 years ago.D. No evolution has taken place in humans in the last 10,000 years.52. Why does population size remain relatively constant?A. Organisms do not reproduce at high enough rates.B. Few organisms are characterized with favorable characteristics.C. Some variations in a species fail to survive.D. Evolution takes a longer time than could be imaged.53. According to Darwin, evolution is chiefly determined by _______.A. biological factorsB. environmental factorsC. interspecies factorsD. reproduction time54. The word “diverge” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to “__”A. renderB. corruptC. deviateD. derive55. Evolution in a species often starts_______.A. collectivelyB. in some individualsC. suddenlyD. in a sweeping mannerPassage 6Mass production, the defining characteristic of the Second Wave economy, becomes increasingly obsolete as firms install information intens ive, often robotized manufacturing systems capable of endless deep variation, even customization, The revolutionary result is, in effect, the de-massification of mass production.The shift toward smart flex-techs promotes diversity and feeds consumer choice to the point that a Wal-Mart store can offer the buyer nearly 110,000 products in various types, sizes, models and colors to choose among.But Wal-Mart is a mass merchandiser. Increasingly, the mass market itself is breaking up into differentiated niches as customer needs diverge and better information makes it possible for businesses to identify and serve micro-markets. Specialty stores, boutiques, superstores, TV home-shopping systems, computer-based buying, direct mail and other systems provide a growing diversity of channels through which producers can distribute their wares to customers in an increasingly de-massified marketplace. When we wrote Future Shock in the late1960s, visionary marketers began talking about “market segmentation.”Today they no longer focus on “segments”buton “particles”—family units and even single individuals.Meanwhile, advertising is targeted at smaller and smaller market segments reached through increasingly de-massified media. The dramatic breakup of mass audiences is underscored by the crisis of the once great TV networks, ABC, CBS and NBC, at a time when Tele-Communications, Inc. of Denver, announces a fiber-optic network capable of providing viewers with five hundred interactive channels of television. Such systems mean that sellers will be able to target buyers with even greater precision. The simultaneous de-massification of production, distribution and communication revolutionizes the economy and shifts it from homogeneity toward extreme heterogeneity.56. What would be a proper title for this passage?A. Future ShockB. De-massificationC. Changing TrendD. Market Segmentation57. Which is true about “mass production” according to the author?A. It promotes further development in manufacturing systems.B. It defines the Second Wave economy and will last.C. It involves intensive information, automation, and customization.D. It is becoming dated for the present economy.58. The author calls those marketers “visionary” mainly because_______.A. they began talking about “market segmentation” in 1960s.B. they focus on “market particles.”。

PART ⅢVOCABULARY31. Goal Setting is extremely important to __________ and success.A. mediationB. initiationC. motivationD. adaptation32. The Football Club recognizes that in the competitive world of professional football, they must be ambitious, creative and _________ to change.A. originalB. potentialC. adaptiveD. intellectual33. No longer confined to working in the bedroom, wireless ________ to the Internet has been made available in most hotels.A. accessB. pursuitC. peerD. acquisition34. With regard to fuel, the urgent _______ is to save and replace oil.A. allotmentB. priorityC. competencyD. efficacy35. Scientists ________ spacemen to all kinds of tests before they send them up in rockets.A. subjectB. adoptC. ensureD. restore36. English is one of the world’s _________ languages, so we must try to learn it well.A. moderateB. obviousC. predominantD. undeniable37. Before getting it printed, she went through the typescript carefully to _______ all errors from it.A. diminishB. eliminateC. indicateD. extend38. There have been studies showing that smoking and lung cancer are closely __________.A. interactedB. overlappedC. emphasizedD. correlated39. His speech _________ the difficulties involved in the Project Hope.B. computerizedC. mobilizedD. subsidized40. The President has promised his hope in his speech the ________ of economic growth.A. abilityB. sustainabilityC. mobilityD. productivity41. The government has _________ the task of building the Olympic stadium to the construction team.A. assignedB. assessedC. assistedD. assembled42. I think we should be able to ________ the airplane ticket so that you can start tomorrow.A. struggleB. mingleC. wangleD. double43. Schools were located in the same campus to ________ the sharing of resources.A. facilitateB. appreciateC. illustrateD. evaluate44. The budget of constructing the across-sea bridge between Hong Kong, Zhuhai and Macao was ______ by the respective governments.A. assembledB. approvedC. appointedD. applauded45. His mother was hard-working and ________ for her four children.A. carefulB. ambitiousC. regardlessD. influential46. Older people are more ________ to the virus.A. linkedB. involvedC. susceptibleD. protective47. The company said the debt was _______ during its acquisition of nine individual businesses.A. reducedB. paidC. cancelled48. Many people are still complaining that there are so many _______ in our education system.A. defectsB. variationsC. programsD. tests49. Financial experts have _______ signs that the economy is beginning to improve.A. detectedB. designedC. influencedD. predicted50. As many as 100 species of fish, some _______ to these waters may have been affected by the pollution.A. uniqueB. dependentC. dispensableD. essential51. He excels at _________ language games that can be used for students in class.A. devotingB. accountingC. cultivatingD. devising52. The newspaper gives a somewhat _______ report of what actually happened.A. fascinatedB. distortedC. depressedD. devised53. In fact, there is a greater _______ of wildlife of the four-footed in the more temperate southern regions.A. influenceB. abundanceC. effectD. importance54. Our company aims to continue operating in this way next year and welcome your feedback on this _________ of delivery.A. traitB. modeC. resourceD. goal55. Manpower resource building is a key to _________ competitive capacity and service quality.A. allocatingB. reactingC. overwhelmingD. upgrading56. Tickets will be _______ on a first come, first served basis on the day of the event according to the capacity of the venue.B. upgradedC. allocatedD. achievedPART ⅢVOCABULARY31. Summaries can be obtained for free; you need to _______ to get the full reports.A. adaptB. participateC. enhanceD. subscribe32. With great efforts and __________, he successfully obtained his Ph.D.A. acquisitionB. flexibilityC. persistenceD. intellectuality33. I reminded children of how we did this and we clapped the _________ together.A. outletB. rhythmC. accessD. priority34. Although Grandma is 80 years old, she _________ a clear memory of her schooldays.A. attainsB. retainsC. obtainsD. attends35. New research suggests that species that grow too large may be more _______ to extinction.A. viableB. proneC. likelyD. suffering36. Disappointed at failing the test, Peter lay there _______ for a long time.A. moralB. immoralC. mobileD. immobile37. “We will ________ this physics problem in the next class”, said Prof. Huang.A. combatB. confessC. sustainD. address38. The pupils have been told that breathing exercises can help to ________ stress.A. relieveB. tripleD. divert39. It is a common practice that on the eve of Chinese Spring Festival, all night long fireworks _______into the sky.A. easeB. soarC. combatD. swell40. The refugees of the flood have been living in _________ housing provided by the authorities.A. sustainedB. mobilizedC. subsidizedD. eased41. She turned her head, _________ to his grin with a smile.A. respondingB. leadingC. objectingD. devoting42. They are working to ensure that their market share remains ________ against competition.A. consequentB. alternativeC. sureD. secure43. Mr. Baker’s assistant telephoned to _______ his appointment with the chairman.A. confirmB. orderC. questionD. appoint44. Japanese food has been presented as expensive and ________ for special occasions.A. gatheredB. reservedC. collectedD. relieved45. Much later, he ________ with his son Michael on the English translation of a text on anti-aging.A. dealtB. collaboratedC. agreedD. compared46. The operation ________ putting a small tube into your heart.A. conductsB. managesC. involvesD. performs47. The ________ of getting all the answers correct is about one in ten.B. probabilityC. aspectD. sequence48. For the sake of convenience, the photographs are shown in chronological __________.A. sequenceB. processC. activityD. schedule49. It was dangerous to visit earthquake-hit area, but she set out _______ of the risk.A. recklessB. regardC. regardlessD. hideously50. We can solve our _______ affairs by our own intelligence.A. indoorB. insideC. outdoorD. internal51. The new Prime Minister is _______ relationships with old Eastern Bloc countries.A. accountingB. excludingC. cultivatingD. pursuing52. He came in with four shopping bags and _______ them on the table.A. tookB. devotedC. pursuedD. dumped。

Passage 1One motivational analyst who became curious to know there had been such a great rise in impulse buying at supermarkets was James Vicary. He suspected that some special psychology must be going on inside the women as they shopped in supermarkets. His suspicion was that perhaps they underwent such an increase in tension when confronted with so many possibilities that they were forced into making quick purchases. He set out to find out if this was true. The best way to detect what was going on inside the shopper was through the use of a galvanometer or lie detector. That obviously was impractical. The next best thing was to use a hidden motion-picture camera and record the eye-blink rate of the women as they shopped. How fast a person blinks his eyes is a pretty good index of his state of inner tension. The average person, according to Mr. Vicary, normally blinks his eyes about 32 times a minute. If he is tense, he blinks them more frequently; and, under extreme tension, he may blink up to 50 or 60 times. If he is notably relaxed, on the other hand, his eye-blink rate may drop to a subnormal twenty or less.Mr. Vicary set up his cameras and started following the ladies as they entered the store. The results were startling, even to him. Their eye-blink rate, instead of going up to indicate mounting tension, went down and down, to a very subnormal fourteen blinks a minute. The ladies fell into what Mr. Vicary calls a hypnoidal trance, a light kind of trance that, he explains, is the first stage of hypnosis. Mr. Vicary has decided that the main cause of the trance is that the supermarket is packed with products which in former years would have been items only kings and queens could have afforded and here in this fairyland they were available to all. Mr. Vi cary theorizes: “Just within this generation, anyone can be a king or queen and go throughthese stores where the products say ‘buy me, buy me’.〞1 Vicary’s curiosity was aroused by the fact that _________.A. there was a decrease in sales in supermarketsB. women were showing strong resistance to products in supermarketsC. there seemed to be no logic in women’s buying habitsD. women were shopping very carefully2 According to the article, eye-blink rate is an indication of ________.A. the truth or falsity of a statementB. the mental ability of a personC. blood pressureD. the emotional state of a person3 Mr. Vicary’s test ________________.A. proved his original hypothesis to be trueB. proved that the tension of a woman shopper, after entering the store, decreasedrather than increasedC. nullified the eye-blink rate as a measurement of tensionD. showed that a woman’s reaction to the products in a supermarket is impossible todetermine4 After his tests, Mr. Vicary concluded that _____________.A. shopping was apt to create serious nervous disordersB. a supermarket is a fantastic placeC. women are entranced by the many wonderful items available in supermarketsD. women develop an inferiority plex when in supermarkets5 Implied but not stated: _______________.A. Quick purchases are the result of inner tensionB. The first stage of hypnosis is a light tranceC. Research conducted by motivation analysis can disprove their original premisesD. Supermarkets seeking a fairyland atmosphere should install hidden movie camerasPassage 2In science, a theory is a reasonable explanation of observed events that are related. A theory often involves an imaginary model that helps scientists picture the way an observed event could be produced. A good example of this is found in the kinetic molecular theory, in which gases are pictured as being made up of many small particles that are in constant motion.A useful theory, in addition to explaining past observations, helps to predict events that have not as yet been observed. After a theory has been publicized, scientists design experiments to test the theory. If observations confirm the scientists’ predictions, the theory is supported. If observations do not confirm the predictions, the scientists must search further. There may be a fault in the experiment, or the theory may have to be revised or rejected.Science involves imagination and creative thinking as well as collecting information andperforming experiments. Facts by themselves are not science. As the mathematician JulesMost scientists start an investigation by finding out what other scientists have learned about a particular problem. After known facts have been gathered, the scientist es to the part of the investigation that requires considerable imagination. Possible solutions to the problem are formulated. These possible solutions are called hypotheses.In a way, any hypothesis is a leap into the unknown. It extends the scientist’s thinking beyond the known facts. The scientist plans experiments, performs calculations, and makes observations to test hypotheses. For without hypotheses, further investigation lacks purpose and direction. When hypotheses are confirmed, they are incorporated into theories.6 “Bricks〞are mentioned in Paragraph 3 to indicate how _________.A. mathematicians approach scienceB. building a house is like performing experimentsC. science is more than a collection of factsD. scientific experiments have led to improved technology7 In the fourth paragraph, the author implies that imagination is most important to scientists when they ________.A. evaluate previous work on a problemB. formulate possible solutions to a problemC. gather known factsD. close an investigation8 In the l ast paragraph, the author refers to hypothesis as “a leap into the unknown〞inorder to show that hypotheses ________________.A. are sometimes ill-conceivedB. can lead to dangerous resultsC. go beyond available factsD. require effort to formulate9 In the last paragraph, what does the author imply is a major function of hypotheses?A. Sifting through known facts.B. municating a scientist’s thoughts to others.C. Providing direction for scientific research.D. Linking together different theories.10 Which of the following statements is supported by the passage?A. Theories are simply imaginary models of past events.B. It is better to revise a hypothesis than to reject it.C. A scientist’s most difficult task is testing hypotheses.D. A good scientist needs to be creative.Passage 3For most of us, the work is the central, dominating fact of life. We spend more than half our conscious hours at work, preparing for work, traveling to and from work. What we dothere largely determines our standard of living and to a considerable extent the status we are accorded by our fellow citizens as well. It is sometimes said that because leisure has bee more important the indignities and injustices of work can be pushed into a corner, that because most work is pretty intolerable, the people who do it should pensate for its boredom, frustrations and humiliations by concentrating their hopes on the other parts of their lives. I reject that as a counsel of despair. For the foreseeable future the material and psychological rewards which work can provide, and the conditions in which work is done, will continue to play a vital part in determining the satisfaction that life can offer. Yet only a small minority can control the pace at which they work or the conditions in which their work is done; only for a small minority does work offer scope for creativity, imagination, or initiative.Inequality at work and in work is still one of the cruelest and most glaring forms of inequality in our society. We cannot hope to solve the more obvious problems of industrial life, many of which arise directly or indirectly from the frustrations created by inequality at work, unless we tackle it head-on. Still less can we hope to create a decent and humane society.The most glaring inequality is that between managers and the rest. For most managers, work is an opportunity and a challenge. Their jobs engage their interest and allow them to develop their abilities. They are constantly learning; they are able to exercise responsibility; they have a considerable degree of control over their own and others’ working lives. Most important of all, they have opportunity to initiate. By contrast, for most manual workers, and for a growing number of white-collar workers, work is a boring, dull, even painful experience. They spend all their working lives in conditions which would be regarded as intolerable --- forthemselves --- by those who take the decisions which let such conditions continue. The majority have little control over their work; it provides them with no opportunity for personal development. Often production is so designed that workers are simply part of the technology. In offices, many jobs are so routine that workers justifiably feel themselves to be mere cogs in the bureaucratic machine. As a direct consequence of their work experience, many workers feel alienated from their work and their firm, whether it is in public or in private ownership.11 In the writer’s opinion, people judge others by_________.A. the type of work they doB. the place where they workC. the time they spend at workD. the amount of money they earn12 According to the writer, in the future, work will ________.A. matter less than it does nowB. be as important as it is nowC. be better paid than it is nowD. offer more satisfaction13 What does the writer think is needed to solve our industrial problems?A. A reduction in the number of strikesB. Equality in salariesC. A more equal distribution of responsibilityD. An improvement in moral standards14 What advantages does the writer say managers have over other workers?A. They cannot lose their jobs.B. They get time off to attend courses.C. They can work at whatever interests them.D. They can make their own decisions.15 Working conditions generally remain bad because _______________.A. the workers are quite satisfied with themB. no one can decide what to do about themC. managers see no need to change themD. office workers want to protect their positionsPassage 4Coincident with concerns about the accelerating loss of species and habitats has been a growing appreciation of the importance of biological diversity, the number of species in a particular ecosystem, to the health of the Earth and human being. Much has been written about the diversity of terrestrial organisms, particularly the exceptionally rich life associated with tropical rain-forest habitats. Relatively little has been said, however, about diversity of life in the sea even though coral reef systems are parable to rain forests in terms of richness of life.An alien exploring Earth would probably give priority to the planet’s dominant, most distinctive feature – ocean. Humans have a bias toward land that sometimes gets in the way of truly examining global issues. Seen from far away, it is easy to realize that landmassesoccupy one-third of the Earth’s surface. Given that two-thirds of the Earth’s surface is water and that marine life lives at all levels of the ocean, the total three-dimensional living space of the ocean is perhaps 100 times greater than that of land and contains more than 90 percent of all life on Earth even though the ocean has fewer distinct species.The fact that half of the known species are thought to inhabit the world’s rain forests does not seem surprising, considering the huge numbers of insects that prise the bulk of the species. One scientist found many different species of ants in just one tree from a rain forest. While every species is different from every other species, their genetic makeup constrains them to be insects and to share similar characteristics with 750,000 species of insects. If basic, broad categories such as phyla and classes are given more emphasis than differentiating between species, then the greatest diversity of life is unquestionably the sea. Nearly every major type of plant and animal has some representation there.To appreciate fully the diversity and abundance of life in the sea, it helps to think small. Every spoonful of ocean water contains life on the order of 100 to 100,000 bacterial cells plus assorted microscopic plants and animals, including larvas of organisms ranging from sponges and corals to starfish and clams and much more.16 What is the main point of the passage?A. Humans are destroying thousands of species.B. There are thousands of insect species.C. The sea is even richer in life than the rain forests.D. Coral reefs are similar to rain forests.17 Why does the author pare rain forests and coral reefs (Paragraph 1)?A. They are approximately the same size.B. They share many similar species.C. Most of their inhabitants require water.D. Both have many different forms of life.18 The passage suggests that most rain forest species are ________________.A. insectsB. bacteriaC. mammalsD. birds19 The author argues that there is more diversity of life in the sea than in the rain forests because ____________.A. more phyla and classes of life are represented in the seaB. there are too many insects to make meaningful distinctionsC. many insect species are too small to divide into categoriesD. marine life-forms reproduce at a faster rate20 Which of the following conclusions is supported by the passage?A. Ocean life is highly adaptive.B. More attention needs to be paid to preserving ocean species and habitats.C. Ocean life is primarily posed of plants.D. The sea is highly resistant to the damage done by pollutants.Passage 5Battles are like marriages. They have a certain fundamental experience they share in mon; they differ infinitely, but sill they are all alike. A battle seems to me a conflict of will to the death in the same way that a marriage of love is the identification of two human beings to the end of the creation of life –as death is the reverse of life, and love of hate. Battles are mitments to cause death as marriages are mitments to create life. Whether, for any individual, either union results in death or in the creation of new life, each risks it – and in the risk mits himself.As the servants of death, battles will always remain horrible. Those who are fascinated by them are being fascinated by death. There is no battle aim worthy of the name except that of ending all battles. Any other conception is, literally, suicidal. The fascist worship of battle is a suicidal drive; it is love of death instead of life.In the same idiom, to triumph in battle over the forces which are fighting for death is –again literally –to triumph over death. It is a surgeon’s triumph as he cuts a body and bloodies his hands in removing a cancer in order to triumph over death that is in the body.In these thoughts I have found my own peace, and I return to an army that fights death and cynicism in the name of life and hope. It is a good army. Believe in it.21 Although the author says that battles are horrible, he also says that_________.A. most people find fascination in themB. there is no battle aim worthy of the nameC. one should love life and not deathD. fighting to end battles is justifiable22 The author states that one who fights a battle toward any end other than peace is ________.A. tainted by fascismB. misguided and unworthyC. victimized by unconscious drives to killD. bent on his own destruction23 The article says that the individual, in battle and in marriage, must_________.A. make a unionB. promise his beliefsC. take the risks he has mitted himself toD. recognize that death is the reverse of life24 The article says that a surgeon can triumph when he_____________.A. performs a successful operationB. triumphs over the bodyC. removes a cancerD. cuts out that which is life-destroying25 Implied by the author, but not stated: “I have found peace as I _________.〞A. think about life and deathB. return to an army that fights death and cynicismC. consider being a surgeonD. recognize that life and hope can triumph if one fights for themPassage 6There is little question that substantial labor-market differences exist between men and women. Among the most researched difference is the male-female wage gap. Many different theories are used to explain why men earn more than women. One possible reason is basedis a joint decision in which the needs of the husband and wife are balanced to maximize family welfare. Job-motivated relocations are generally made to benefit the primary earner in the family. This leads to a constrained job search for the secondary earner, as he or she must search for a job in a limited geographic area. Since the husband is still the primary wage earner in many families, the job search of the wife may suffer. Individuals who are tied to a certain area are labled ‘tied-stayers’, while secondary earners who move for the benefit of the family are labeled ‘tied-movers’(Jacob Mincer, 1978).The wages of a tied-stayer or tied-mover may not be substantially lower if the family lives in or moves to a large city. If a large labor market has more cacancies, the wife may locate a wage offer near the maximum she would find with a nation-wide search. However, being a tied-stayer or tied-mover can lower the wife’s wage if the family lives in or moves to a small munity. A small labor market will reduce the likelihood of her finding a job that utilizes her skills. As a result she may accept a job for which she is overqualified and thus earn a lower wage. This hypothesized relationship between the likelihood of being overqualified and SMSA size is termed ‘differential overqualification.’F rank (1978) and Haim Ofek and Yesook Merrill(1994) provide support for the theory of differential overqualification byfinding that the male-female wage gap is greater in smaller SMSA’s.While the results are consistent with the existence of differential overqualification, they may also result from other situations as well. Firms in small labor market may use their monopsony power to keep wages down. Local demand shocks are found to be a major source of wage variation both across and within local labor market(Roberts Topel, 1986). Since large labor markets are generally more diversified, a demand shock can have a substantial impact on immobile workers in small labor markets. Another reason for examining differential overqualification involves the assumption that there are more vacancies in large labor markets. While there is little doubt that more vacancies exist in large labor markets, there are also likely to be more people searching for jobs in large labor markets. If the greater number of vacancies is offset by the larger number of searchers, it is unclear whether women will be more likely to be overqualified in small labor market. Instead of relying on wages to determine if differential overqualification exists, we consider an explicit form of overqualification based on education.26 According to the author, the male-female wage gap ________.A is justifiedB has important repercussions on family lifeC represents a sexist attitude toward womenD is simply one of a considerable number of labor-market differences27 “Geographical mobility( Para. 1)〞as used in the passage, refers to ________.A the way in which Americans tend to move from job to jobB the penchant wage-earners have to maximize family welfareC the necessity to relocate in order to increase wagesD all of the above28 The difference between a ‘tied-stayer’ and a ‘tied-mover’ is that ________.A the primary earner is forced to search for work in a specific area while the secondaryearner is freer to roam aboutB the former is obliged to remain in an area while the latter is notC the former is the wife and the later is the husbandD the latter’s salary is of secondary importance to the former’s salary29 With which of the following statements would the author agree?A The size of the labor market determines repense.B The size of the labor market determines acquired skills utilization.C The size of the labor market determines the probability of matching skills withappropriate wage level.D All of the above.30 The names and dates between parentheses ________.A refer to bibliographical entriesB explain who discussed what and when they discussed itC are references to what the author has readD may be described by all of the abovePart II. Vocabulary and Structure 〔40x0.5=20points〕Section A: In this section, there are 20 inplete sentences, each with four items marked A, B, C and D. Choose one item that best pletes the sentence and mark your choice on your ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.31.What else does talking frankly and informally mean but an invitation to ________without any career consequence?A. whoop it upB. unload opinionsC. hang aroundD. incur a debt32.The Single in the past, of the _______ego and much-watched answering machine, wastraditionally at the margin of society: a figure of fun, pity and awe.A. archlyB. gallantlyC. wobblyD. allegedly33. Mr. Smith, who was worried that the ban might ________ on the rights of law-abidinggun owners, had already voted against the bill.A. infringeB. IntegrateC. InferiorD. incorporate34. This event is called a party --- a place where one _______ without worrying about beingjudged by the cold standard of professional usefulness.A. rest upB. fork outC. pull backD. let loose35. A host of other singles services have sprung up, from dogwalkers to alarm systems toagencies that will water your plants or bring you aspirin and coffee when you’re _________.A. hung aroundB. hung overC. hung upD. hung on36. The layout of space characteristic of French cities is only one aspect of the theme ofcentralization that ______ French culture.A. fantasizesB. internalizesC. socializesD. characterizes37. In the United States, cities are usually laid out along a grid, streets and buildings arenumbered __________.A. quintessentiallyB.archaeologicallyC. sequentiallyD. dysfunctionally38. In middle-class America, specific spaces are _________ for specific activities.A. populatedB. dominatedC. designatedD. validated39. This pattern has been used for thousands of years, as demonstrated by the archaeologicalevidence _______ in ancient Indian cities.A. undefinedB. uncoveredC. undoneD. untitled40. Today about a fifth of all married couples still ______ the old-style marriage in which thewife stays home to raise children and the husband works.A. opt withB. opt toC. opt forD. opt against41. He doesn't conform to the usual ________ of the city businessman with a dark suit androlled umbrella.A. stereotypeB. controversyC. geneticsD. custody42. They were told to take whatever action they ________ necessary.A. seemedB. inhibitedC. prohibitedD. deemed43. When the war broke out, a large number of refugees crossed the border, seeking _______in the neighboring country.A. caseworkB. smugnessC. sancturyD. riff44. We should strengthen regulation, prevent and ______ financial risks so as to providebetter banking services for economic and social development.A. plunkB. defuseC. violateD. strive45. Bothered by terrorism, world leaders are now united in their _____ for peace.A. questB. intimacyC. validationD. condo46. With his prison record and lack of experience, he’s already got two _____ agai nst himwhen he applies for a job.A. advantagesB. aspirationsC. strikesD. knockers47. Robert has developed a ________ on his shoulder about not going to university becauseof his poor family.A. chopB. carpC. chipD. chaw48. New puter systems have made old methods of data processing _______ .A. unfazedB. pretentiousC. substantiveD. obsolete49. Although they are always at the center of things, they tend to be loners and are ____ tostress when life bees difficult.A. proneB. aboutC. motiveD. sturdy50. In recent years, young parents, female professionals, and well-educated parents are morelikely to ______ their children into more equal gender roles.A. perceiveB. dominateC. socializeD. prescribePart BDirections: In this section, there are 20 plete sentences, each with an underlined part. Replace each underlined word/phrase with one of the four items marked A, B, C and D that best keeps its meaning and mark your choices on your ANSWER SHEET with a single linethrough the center.51.In view of the insecurity of online shopping, doing a little bit of research beforeA.make profitB. deceiveC. get rich quickD. make a dealA. clutchedB. intrudedC. excludedD. includeddiscipline of bioethics.A.ProposedB. imposedC. presentedD. representedwater shortage problem in North China, in the area of Three Gorges Dam it warned heavy rainfall and could trigger landslides or mudflows,A.vistaB. libidoC. damageD. fusionare opting to live apart in peace rather than together in stress.A. groanedB. trampedC. strainedD. quarrelledappreciation of the staff.A. reprimandingB. remindingC. mandingD. demandinghospitals and nursing homes across the country.A.WithB. WithoutC. ForD. AgainstA. coincide withB. agree withC. afflict withD. grapple withbody’s capacity to heal.A. excelledB. excludedC. exceededD. externalizedhousing market.A. opting forB. fighting forC. searching forD. longing forA. condonedB. appalledC. frayedD. gazed at62. With the development of science and technology, some scientists believe that soon it willA. ordinaryB. unusualC. impulsiveD. devastatingand calling the coach all sorts of names.A. beamed with prideB. petered outC. rode the waveD. got angry64. Both in revolution and in construction we should also learn from foreign countries andforeign models will get us nowhere.A. concurB. useC. attestD. impartA. influentialB. poorC. indigentD. wealthy66. We should promote quality-oriented education to cultivate hundreds of millions ofhigh-quality workers, tens of millions of specialized personnel and a great number ofA. arrogantB. outgoingC. first-rateD. convincedAmerican.A. intelligentB. diligentC. prestigiousD. attractiveannounced to delay again.A. was acting unreasonablyB. was jumping up and downC. was laughing heartilyD. was riding the wavewith alcohol and their families.A. feistyB. drunkC. mediocreD. teetotalingA. happenB. speculateC.chiselD. transmit2参考答案：1- 5 C D B C C6-10 C B C C D11-15 A B C D C16-20 C D A A B21-25 D D C A D26-30 D C D D D31-35BCADB 36-40DCCBC 41-45ADCBA 46-50CCDAC 51-55BCCCD 56-60AABCD 61-65DADBD 66-70CDABA。

研究生专业英语期末试卷一、Translation：1、根据财务会计准则委员会提供的定义，资产是某一主题由于过去的交易或事项的结果而获得或者控制的潜在未来经济利益。

负债是由于过去的交易或事项而引起的、在现在承担的在将来向其他主体交付财产或提供劳务的责任，这种责任导致了可预期的未来经济利益的牺牲。

2、财务状况变动表的目的在于向投资者、债权人和其他外部使用者提供其他两张报表未能提供的信息，也就是关于公司在某一会计期间的现金流入和现金流出的时间选择、金额及原因的信息。

二、Question:1、Regarding the basic objective of accounting, what are theimplications of providing information for decision making? How does the characteristics of relevance and reliability relate to the concept of “useful” information?2、 A corporation declares a 10% stock dividend. From the point ofview of the following theories, discuss the nature of stock dividend to the recipients.a.Proprietary theoryb.Entity theorymder theoryd.Fund theorye.Incvestor theoryf.Enterprise theory3、With respect to the enterprises theory,a.What is incomeb.What relevance do you see in the “value added”incomestatement?c.Prepare a value-added statement according to the data:Sales revenue $5000Materials used 1000Salaries and wages expense 900Depreciation expense 400Income taxes 800Supplies used 200Utilitues expense 300Interest expense 200Dividend paid 300。

西南大学研究生英语自主阅读期末考试听力原文Text 1M：I’ve got two tickets for the movie.Would you like to go with me?W：I’m sorry.I was asked to have a discussion with my cousin about his son’s education.Text 2M：How much are the tickets?W：4 dollars for adults and children are half－price.M：OK.I’d like two adult tickets and two children’s tickets.Text 3M：Why didn’t you attend the class?W：I’m sorry.But my brother was hit by a car and I had to care for him in the hospital.Text 4M：Hi，Maria.I’ve heard there is an interesti ng film.Shall we see it tonight?W：I’d like to.But Mr.Black told me to type some important notices and send them to him by 9：00 pm.M：The job is the most important.Text 5W：Manhattan Square，please.M：All right，madam.When are we supposed to be there?W：I’d like to go around the city，if you don’t mind.Text 6M: Hello! This is City Police Station.W：I need help.My house has been broken into.M：Can you tell me some details?W：When I came home，I found my door broken，and my money，my jewelry，and my camera were gone.M：Was there anybody home?W：No.My son，husband，and I all happened to be out having our dinner after work.M：What is your address?W：No.13，Downing Street.Could you come over at once?M：OK.Don’t worry，madam.We’ll be there in 10 minutes.Text 7M：Hi.What can I do for you?W：I’m hunting for a part－time job.M：Then，you’ve come to the right place.Our office isaimed at helping those like you to find jobs.W：Glad to hear that.I really need to earn some money for my education.M：How many hours would you like to work?W：Ten to twenty hours a week.M：And when are you free to work?W：Every weekday since noon.And I wouldn’t mind working on weekends.M：Great.Now please fill out this form.W：When can I get to work?M：I will call you tomorrow.W：Thank you.Text 8M：This is Henry.I’d like to make sure when we can expect you for a get－together.W：Er...What party is it?M：Our former classmates are planning a get－together.W：Oh，that’s good.M：Are you free these days?W：A little busy somehow.M：Can you come this Saturday evening?W：I’m very sorry，I’ve promised to go to the movieswith my daughter.M：Well，how about Sunday then?W：That sounds fine.M：Good.Shall we make it at a quarter to seven?W：I’m sure to be there.Shall we have a dance after that?M：It’s up to you.I’ve learned a new dance these days.Then we can share it.W：That’s great.Text 9W：I’ll take part in a very important party for my friend Amy.M：Really?W：Amy has just been awarded the first prize for her English speech.M：Great.W：Today is her 26th birthday.M：Then you must buy a gift for her.W：What do you think I should buy for her?M：A birthday cake.W：No，she has got one from her boy friend.M：Then，what else?W：I think an MP3 player will be OK.M：Hasn’t she had one already?W：But it is broken.She likes music.I think it’s the best for her.M：You’re right.Then shall I drive you there?W：No.I’ll do it myself.You have to care for my pet dogs and cats.Text 10Hello，everyone.Welcome to our hospital.Now I’m going to tell you something about my hospital，Friendship Hospital.It looks very new and modern.But it has a history going back to three quarters of a century.It was designed to sleep 200 patients，and then 400.With the development of the new building blocks，it can now sleep 900 patients.It started its life as a general hospital.But now it has developed its new departments and become the teaching hospital that is famous all over the area.It has created new fields for treating heart diseases and eye diseases with a lot of experienced and famous doctors.During the teaching process，it includes a school of baby nursing.In 2001，the President along with the mayor visited the children from flooded areas，and on Christmas Day last year，the Prime Minister had lunch with the patients，talking about their life after the AIDS disease.Ⅰ.听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。

长安大学研究生期末英语考试题（答案）长安大学研究生期末英语考试题(答案)长安大学2011-2012 学年第一学期硕士研究生英语试题（A）卷考生注意事项:一．本考试由两部分组成：试卷一（Paper One）包括词汇、完形填空与阅读理解三部分，共65题，按顺序统一编号；试卷二（Paper Two）包括翻译与写作两部分，共2题。

两份试卷合并装订成试题册。

二．试卷一（题号1-65）为客观评分题，答案一律用中性（HB 或2B）铅笔做在机读答题卡上，在对应题号下所选的字母中间划黑道，如【A】【B】【C】【D】。

三．试卷二为主观评分题，答案一律写在主观答题纸ANSWER SHEETⅡ上。

答题前，请仔细阅读试卷二前的注意事项。

请在答题纸上写上姓名、学号、班级及任课教师姓名，以免漏改、漏登成绩。

四．答题卡和答题纸上须写清姓名和准考证号，考试结束时一并交回。

答题卡和答题纸上不得做任何记号，否则答案无效。

试卷一为70分钟，试卷二为50分钟。

考[A] on drug [B] dopedout[C] onwelfare[D] onpension2. His speech was made with such greatambiguity that neither supporter nor opponent could be certain of his true position.[A] neatnes s [B]acquisition[C]vagueness[D]perception3. The eating process is a time to show humilityand concern for others.[A] mode sty [B]abuse [C]responsibility [D]passion4. Some liberals dream of extending subsidies eligible low-income families, but that $100 billion-a-year solution was unrealistic even before the budget deficit ballooned again.[A] in the black [B] in thered[C] in theblue[D] in thegreen5. While participation in business teams canoffer enormous psychic satisfaction, it can also cause great distress.[A] spiritual [B]physical[C]natural[D]equitable6. Even when government regulations appearspecially formulated to support the culture of cuisine, they often go astray.[A] defined [B]collected[C] studied [D] stated7. Yoga originated in ancient India and is one ofthe longest surviving philosophical systems.[A] living [B]existing[C] having [D]acting8. Impatience, self-criticism and comparingoneself to others will not help in this process of self-knowledge.[A]self-insi ght. [B]self-satisfaction[C]self-esteem[D]self-respect9. Under pressure, or change of interest,Potentials can partially or wholly disappear from view for considerable periods of time;but nothing can permanently modify them, nothing can obliterate them.[A] expand [B]formulate [C]wipeout[D] getout10. Government employees living in remotecommunities receive an isolated post allowance payment to help offset the higher cost of living.[A] welfare [B]reduction[C] dole [D]subsidySection B (0.5 point each)Directions: There are ten sentences in this section.Each sentence has something omitted.Choose the word or words from thefour choices given to best completeeach sentence.11.Every company has a handful of staff in a given area of ________that you can count on to get the job done.[A] science [B] technology [C] expertise [D]ability12. It deserves repeating because it is the single most public difference between ________and industry.[A] academia [B]specialization [C]major [D]school13. Guangdong Province is located in southernChina，with a_______climate and abundant produce all year round.[A] harsh [B] mild [C]excessive [D]humid14. Qu Yuan drowned himself in the Miluo Riverafter being politically_________.[A] sentenced [B] abused [C] treated unjustly [D] banished15. At a party or a banquet, everyone first takes into consideration the needs of the group; with the eating process also being a time to show _________and concern for others.[A] hospitality [B] vigor [C] carefulness [D] humility16. Once desire diminishes, disappointed loversmay wonder where the “spark ”in their relationship has gone and may________regretfully and longingly about “the good days”.[A] reminisce [B] expect [C] wish [D] cuddle17. These misconceptions often lead tounrealistic expectation, stereotypes, and _________.[A][B] disappearance [C] discourage [D] disillusionmentdisapproval18. Countless unnamed and unrecorded men have given their lives for their fellowmen, not only on the _________but on the home-front as well.[A] battlefront [B]endeavor [C] majesty [D] battlefield19. A study of history reveals that the people who walked this earth in______ were moved by the same fundamental forces, were swayed by the same passions , and the same aspirations as the men and women of today.[A] aspiration [B] antiquity [C] happiness [D] order20. Human nature is the basis of character, thetemperament and _________; it is that indestructible matrix upon which the character is built.[A] alteration [B] improvement [C] disposition [D] naturePart II CLOZE TEST (10 minutes, 10 points)Directions: Read the passage through. Then go back andchoose one item of suitableword(s) marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]for each blank in the passage. Markthe corresponding letter of the word(s)you have chosen with a single baracross the square brackets on yourMachine-scoring Answer Sheet.Every man unfolds a distinct character over which circumstances and education have only the most limited __21__. No two people will have ever __22__ the same conclusions from the same experiences, but each must interpret events and __23__ them into the mosaic of his own life pattern. Human nature is ever true to itself, not to the systems of faith or education. Each __24__ to the structure of the mold into which the soul was cast at the time of its individualization. The qualities __25__ in one remain as potentials whether they have a chance to develop or not. Under pressure, or change ofinterest, they can partially or wholly __26__ from view for considerable periods of time; but __27__ can permanently modify them, nothing can obliterate them.Although man is potentially __28__ he is far from being actually so. If he were actually perfect there would be __29__ for preachers, teachers and humanitarians to do; no use for churches, schools, courts and prisons. __30__ while it is impossible to change human nature, it can be studied, controlled and directed and this should be the supreme __31__ of our religious, educational and social institutions.Man is perfect as a seed is perfect, germinally. The spirit is perfect, but when it __32__ human structures, it participates in the imperfections of __33__; and during its association with matterstakes on a mortal weakness, desires and limitations. But the spirit, the inner man, remains untouched and undefiled by evil. Only the outer man---the personality and the physical body---becomes imperfect, due to ignorance,wrong thinking and __34__ of the laws of being. The outer man, too, was originally perfect, __35__ man has so desecrated and abused it that today it is a far __36__ from the original model. Man’s inherent goodness, moreover, is __37__ by his countless acts of heroism, unselfishness and sacrifice. Human nature does not and cannot __38__ but unfolds its inherent pattern. Man has a nature and its __39__ can be known. We can only endeavor __40__ man as he is.21. [A] power [B] control [C]privilege[D]management22.[A] draw [B] take [C]withdraw[D]acquire23.[A] put [B] mold [C] fit [D] match24.[A]stick[B] form [C] shape [D] hold25.[A] born [B]produced[C]developed[D] bought26.[A] [B] peep [C] behold [D] appear disappear27.[A] something [B] anything[C]nothing[D]everything28. [A] perfect [B]common[C]ordinary[D]general29.[A]much [B]nominal[C]nothing[D]minority30.[A]Althou gh [B] Therefore[C]Providing[D]Nevertheless31.[A] purpose [B]assignment[C]accomplishment[D]function32.[A] accommod ates [B] inhabits[C]shelters[D]dormers33.[A] the latter [B]theforme r[C] thebetter[D] thelater34.[A] realization [B]fulfillment[C]violation[D]accomplishment35.[A] and [B] but[C] thus [D] then36.[A] cry [B] shout [C] scream [D] criterion37.[A] hidden [B]covered[C]revealed[D]disclosed38.[A] develop [B] change [C] reform [D]disappear39.[A] laws[B] crust [C]principles [D] appearanc e40.[A] understan ding [B] to beunderstood[C] beingunderstood[D] tounderstandPart III READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 50 points) Directions: In this part of the test, there are six short passages for you to read. Readeach passage carefully, and then dothe questions that follow. Choose thebest answer [A],[B],[C] or [D], andmark the corresponding letter with asingle bar across the square bracketon your Machine-scoring AnswerSheet.Passage OneActing is such an over-crowded profession that the only advice that should be given to a young person thinking of goingon the stage is "Don't!” But it is useless to try to discourage someone who feels that he must act, though the chances of his becoming famous are slim. The normal way to begin is to go to a drama school. Usually only students who show promise and talent are accepted, and the course lasts two years. Then the young actor or actress takes up work with a repertory company, usually as an assistant stage manager. This means doing everything that there is to do in the theatre: painting scenery, looking after the furniture, taking care of the costumes, and even acting in very small parts. It is very hard work indeed. The hours are long and the salary is tiny. But young actors with the stage in their blood are happy, waiting for the chances of working with a better company, or perhaps in films ortelevision.Of course, some people have unusual chances which lead to fame and success without this long and dull training. Connie Pratt, for example, was just an ordinary girl working in a bicycle factory.A film producer happened to catch sight of her one morning waiting at a bus stop, as he drove past in his big car. He told the driver to stop, and he got out to speak to the girl. He asked her if she would like to go to the film studio to do a test, and at first she thought he was joking. Then she got angry and said she would call the police. It took the producer twenty minutes to tell Connie that he was serious. Then an appointment was made for her to go to the studio the next day. The test was successful. They gave her some necessary lessons and within a few weeks she was playing the leading part opposite one of the most famous actors of the day. Of Course, she was given a more dramatic name, which is now world-famous. But chances like this happen once in a blue moon!41. According to the passage, the main reason why young people should be discouraged from becoming actors is ______.[A] actors are very unusual people[B] the course at the drama school lasts two years[C] acting is really a hard job[D] there are already too many actors42. An assistant stage manager's job is difficult because he has to ______.[A] do all kinds of stage work [B] work for long hours[C]wait for a better company[D] act well43. According to the context, the sentence "Butyoung actors with the stage in their blood are happy" at the end of the first paragraph means ______.[A] they don't care if their job is hard[B] they like the stage naturally[C] they are born happy[D] they are easily satisfied44. Conie Pratt soon became a famous actress after ______.[A] learning some lessons about the art of speaking[B] playing her part in the "Blue Colored Moon"[C] successfully matching the most famous actors[D] a cting a leading part with a most famous actor at that time45. The phrase "once in a blue moon" in last line refers to ______.[A] all at once [B] once for a long time[C] once in a while [D] once and for allPassage TwoDesegregation of higher education has produced significant improvements in educationfor all Americans. The opening up of segregated colleges and universities to students of all racial and ethnic backgrounds came about only as the result of many forms of prolonged struggle in the courts, in the streets, and on campuses.The efforts to open up higher educational opportunities for blacks in historically white institutions also led to expanded opportunities for lower- and middle-class white students, especiall y at institutions that adopted “open admissions” policies of accepting all high school graduates. Between 1960 and 1981, while the number of black students between the ages of eighteen and twenty-four enrolled in college increased from 134,000 to over750,000, the number of white students in the same age group grew from just over 2 million to over 6.5 million. In 1960 more than one-half of blacks attending colleges were enrolled at historically black institutions. By 1981 that percentage had declined to just 18 per cent. Most of the blacks enrolled in traditionally white institutions,however, were at two-year community colleges or at four-year public colleges that were becoming or had already become predominantly black.Desegregation of higher education produced difficult problems for historically black institutions that had always struggled under great hardship to provide higher education for blacks when blacks had been barred from white institutions. Historically black institutions, however, have continued to produce a high percentage of the most educationally and professionally successful blacks in the United States. Meanwhile, blacks in predominantly white institutions have achieved notable progress, but they have also encountered various problems.College completion rates for young blacks have increasedsubstantially, but they are only about one-half the rate for young whites. In 1981, for example, 11.5 percent of blacks aged twenty-five to twenty-nine and 21.3percent of。

XX大学计算机〔软件〕学院工程硕士考试试题〔2021——2021学年上学期〕课程号： _________课序号： ___________课程名称：专业英语任课教师：于中华适用专业：软件工程适用年级：____学生人数：________印题份数：______学号：______XX：_______考试须知XX大学学生参加由学校组织或由学院承办的各级各类考试，必须严格执行 ?XX大学考试工作管理方法?和?XX大学考场规那么? 。

有考试违纪作弊行为的，一律按照?XX大学学生考试违纪作弊处分规定?进展处理。

XX大学各级各类考试的监考人员，必须严格执行?XX大学考试工作管理方法?、?XX大学考场规那么?和?XX大学监考人员职责?。

有违反学校有关规定的，严格按照?XX大教学事故认定及处理方法?进展处理。

题号一二三四五六七八九十平时总分得分考试时间年月日阅卷教师签名I. Choose the best answer to each of the following questions. (10%)1._________ is used to communicate with another computer over telephone linesA. keyboardB .modemC. printer D. mouse2.__________is a device that enables the computer to handle sounds.A. network cardB. video cardC. sound cardD. monitor3. __________ refers to the parts of the computer that you can see and touch.A. SoftwareB. HardwareC. HardshipD. Instruction4. The display screen is the most common device used to show you what the computer isdoing.A. inputB. printingC. outputD. electronic5. _________ are programs that provide access to Web resourcesA. browsersB. databaseC. URLD. E-commerce6._________ is a word processing tool that helps you to create quality documents.A. Word 2003B. Outlook 2003C. Access 2003D. Excel 20037. __________ is a fast and powerful operating system, based on the UNIX O.S.A. Windows 2003B. Office 2003C. Windows 2003D. Linux8. A virus is a __________A. programB. computerC. bad manD. beast9. TCP/IP are the two standard protocols for communications on the __________.A. webB. computerC. InternetD. network10. B2C involves individuals selling to ___________.A. clientB. consumerC. corporationD. company1.() The CPU is the processor of a computer.2.() Windows NT is designed for replacement of Windows.3.() A computer is only connected by cable lines, such as telephone lines.4.() Air can be used to transit data.5.() Search engines help you to locate information on the Web6.() B2C involves individuals selling to individuals.7.() Databases are widely used8.() Oracle is the largest database system vendor in the world.9.() Complete access and complete security are good for information security10. () Portable computer can fit in a briefcase or even in the palm of your hand. III. Translation: English to Chinese (20%)1. CPU_____________________2. OS __________________________3. LAN_____________________4. B2B__________________________5. CEO_____________________6. ATM__________________________7. DBMS____________________8. URL__________________________9.personal computer _______________________________________10.storage device _________________________________________rmation exchanges ___________________________________12.protocol ______________________________________________13.broadband ____________________________________________14.browser _______________________________________________15.search engine __________________________________________16.update ________________________________________________17.Web Site _______________________________________________18.human resources _________________________________________19.environment _____________________________________________puter virus ___________________________________________1.() The CPU is the processor of a computer.2.() Windows NT is designed for replacement of Windows.3.() A computer is only connected by cable lines, such as telephone lines.4.() Air can be used to transit data.5.() Search engines help you to locate information on the Web6.() B2C involves individuals selling to individuals.7.() Databases are widely used8.() Oracle is the largest database system vendor in the world.9.() Complete access and complete security are good for information security10. () Portable computer can fit in a briefcase or even in the palm of your hand. III. Translation: English to Chinese (20%)1. CPU_____________________2. OS __________________________3. LAN_____________________4. B2B__________________________5. CEO_____________________6. ATM__________________________7. DBMS____________________8. URL__________________________9.personal computer _______________________________________10.storage device _________________________________________rmation exchanges ___________________________________12.protocol ______________________________________________13.broadband ____________________________________________14.browser _______________________________________________15.search engine __________________________________________16.update ________________________________________________17.Web Site _______________________________________________18.human resources _________________________________________19.environment _____________________________________________puter virus ___________________________________________1.() The CPU is the processor of a computer.2.() Windows NT is designed for replacement of Windows.3.() A computer is only connected by cable lines, such as telephone lines.4.() Air can be used to transit data.5.() Search engines help you to locate information on the Web6.() B2C involves individuals selling to individuals.7.() Databases are widely used8.() Oracle is the largest database system vendor in the world.9.() Complete access and complete security are good for information security10. () Portable computer can fit in a briefcase or even in the palm of your hand. III. Translation: English to Chinese (20%)1. CPU_____________________2. OS __________________________3. LAN_____________________4. B2B__________________________5. CEO_____________________6. ATM__________________________7. DBMS____________________8. URL__________________________9.personal computer _______________________________________10.storage device _________________________________________rmation exchanges ___________________________________12.protocol ______________________________________________13.broadband ____________________________________________14.browser _______________________________________________15.search engine __________________________________________16.update ________________________________________________17.Web Site _______________________________________________18.human resources _________________________________________19.environment _____________________________________________puter virus ___________________________________________1.() The CPU is the processor of a computer.2.() Windows NT is designed for replacement of Windows.3.() A computer is only connected by cable lines, such as telephone lines.4.() Air can be used to transit data.5.() Search engines help you to locate information on the Web6.() B2C involves individuals selling to individuals.7.() Databases are widely used8.() Oracle is the largest database system vendor in the world.9.() Complete access and complete security are good for information security10. () Portable computer can fit in a briefcase or even in the palm of your hand. III. Translation: English to Chinese (20%)1. CPU_____________________2. OS __________________________3. LAN_____________________4. B2B__________________________5. CEO_____________________6. ATM__________________________7. DBMS____________________8. URL__________________________9.personal computer _______________________________________10.storage device _________________________________________rmation exchanges ___________________________________12.protocol ______________________________________________13.broadband ____________________________________________14.browser _______________________________________________15.search engine __________________________________________16.update ________________________________________________17.Web Site _______________________________________________18.human resources _________________________________________19.environment _____________________________________________puter virus ___________________________________________。

English Final for Postgraduates (A)2 HoursPart I Vocabulary (25%)Choose the best answer from the four choices given.26. Whatever your argument, I shall my decision.A）hold back B）hold onC）hold to D）hold up27. The constancy of human nature is , as no one believes that a man canfundamentally change his nature.A）proven B）proverbialC）provisional D）provocative28. Even during the preteen years, romantic experiences are cultured in the sensethat societal and group practices and expectations ________ romantic experience.A) shape B) polishC) resist D) stir29. Married partners may love each other even though they rarely, or never,_______physical intimacy.A) engage with B) engage inC) engine with D) engine in30. Beginning in childhood, parents encourage or limit future romantic_______by selecting certain neighborhoods and schools.A) dimensions B) connectionsC) liaisons D) affiliations31. He had to excuse for being late.A) make into B) make upC. make out D) make over32. These horrific photographs will affect people’s of war.A) percussion B) viewC) idea D) perception33. This course is useful for students who are in from one trainingprogram to another.A) change B) transitionC) transplanting D) transferring34. A German company with a Swiss firm to develop the product.A) collaborated B) operatedC) collided D) liberated35. They failed to their resources effectively.A) move B) mobilizeC) mitigate D) define36. The business environment is less lone-wolf and competitive, so signs of beingcollaborative and selfless .A) stand up B) stand outC) stand by D) stand on37. Ben never touched beer; or any kind of alcohol .A) for all that B) for the bestC) for that matter D) for that rate38. A monk who loves in a monastery or temple has a relaxed and peaceful life of________.A) complain B) contemptC) discovery D) contemplation39. We are going to and move to Montana.A) pull up stakes B) pull out of stakesC) pull over stakes D) pull to stakes40. Another important piece of risk tolerance is a candidate’s ofcomfort with failure.A) acceptance B) intentionC) degree D) agreement41. The quality in New York that its inhabitants from life may simplyweaken them as individuals.A) divides B) insulatesC) introduces D) informs42. She gave a ________ good performance in the TV as a police officerinvestigating a murder.A) eventually B) crediblyC) famously D) staggeringly43. I study in the library as there are too many at home.A) distributions B) distractionsC) deeds D) decorations44. He surprised me with his knowledge of Kierkegaard andSchopenhauer.A) intimate B) infiniteC) incident D) inside45. Although such a statement may seem self-centered, it’s actually quite_.A) insightful B) insignificantC) superstitious D) respectful46. This requirement needs to run throughout an organization and is not ________to management.A) just B) exclusiveC) excluding D) especial47. We must our woodlands for future generations.A) conserve B) considerC) consecrate D) consent48. In the first five years of successful reform, the country’s GDP ________ byalmost 40%.A) inclined B) soaredC) sacrificed D) installed49. I didn’t enjoy studying philosophy-----I found it too much of theoretical_.A) trait B) ideaC) discipline D) academia50. City officials have slowed the development by ________ building permits for thearea.A) threatening B) issuingC) stalling D) gamblingPart II Extensive Reading (10%)Choose the best answer according to what you’ve read in the texts ofExtensive Reading.51. Which of the following statements is not true according to text SolemnCeremony Marks Handover.A)The president of PRC Mr. Jiang Zemin and the Prince of Wales, both spokeat the ceremony.B)Both the British National Anthem and the Chinese Anthem were played atthe ceremony.C)The ceremony was carried out in the afternoon in the Hong KongConvention and Exhibition Center.D)The ceremony was telecast live around the world.52. The poll indicated that _______.A)people in America seldom hesitate to speak in publicB)how to speak in public is the most serious problem for AmericansC)the thing the American people feared most was to speak in publicD)nothing is as important as that of solving the problems of speaking inpublic.53. The text Building a Better Self-image mainly focuses on _______.A)the development of children in the first years.B)the successful interview of job huntersC)some social problems such as violence and suicide.D)the voluntary work of young people54. The author of What’s So Good About Failure gives most examples of _______to show the value of failure in today’s world.A)doctors B) business peopleC) professors D) engineers55. In Don’t Face Stress Alone, the author suggests that people can relievestress by _______.A)taking part in more sportsB)paying attention to their dietC)asking others for help at work when you have difficultiesD)having heart-to heart talks with friends56. According to the passage, Ulanova was regarded as the symbol of _______.A) classic dances B) Russian balletC) femininity D) Russian singing57. Children whose fathers help care for them have _______.A) higher IQs B) better impulse controlC) better social adaptations D) all of the above58. For a person who defends his erroneous beliefs _______ according to LivingHumanism.A)it is necessary to show him that he is wrongB)little can be done to correct himC)now he is always delighted in thinking that he has possessed the factsD)he does not have the quality of loving truth59. Which of the following statements is not true according to Shyness… Natureor Nurture?A) People once thought that temperament was decided by nature.B) The behavior of throwing dishes or slamming doors is also partly inheritable.C) Scientists now believe environment plays a more important role in theformation of a man’s personality than genetics does.D) Most scientists focus their studies on twins in order to know theimportance of inheritance.60.. The main idea of And Now the TV Forecast is that _______.A) the electronic superhighway will offer great entertainment for the rural areaB) digital TV will play an important role in the 21st centuryC) thunder and lightning will break down the digital TVD) digital TV will also need weather forecastingPart III Reading Comprehension (30%)Passage OneThe qualities of leadership are almost constant the world over. If you would like to become president of your class, school, or student council, you must first demonstrate that you have the potentials of leadership.For one thing, you must show that you are interested in your school and in your fellow students. In practical terms, this means taking an active part in school activities. It means joining clubs, attending dances and other social functions, and going out for athletics --- if you are athletic. (1) But many young people have to push themselves to join clubs or attend dances. Perhaps you are one of them. The basic reason for this hesitancy is natural shyness. There is nothing whatever wrong with shyness; it can be overcome if you recognize that it is not a permanent affliction (苦恼)，and if you realize, too, that most if your schoolmates are probably as shy as you are.If you consciously strive (尽力) to overcome shyness by going out to meet people, you will find yourself at the same time developing another quality of leadership--- understanding. As your circle of friends and contacts widens you will get to know your schoolmates better. Because you are no longer so concerned with your own feeling, you will begin to respect and take into account the feelings of others. Your friends and acquaintances (熟人) will be ware of your new attitude, for it will show in many small ways--- your greeting, conversation, and willingness to give and accept friendship.Another quality of leadership which you can develop is willingness to do a bit extra. If you are expected to sell ten tickets to a dance, for example, and sell fifteen, you have proves your interest and your effort to make your organization successful. Once you acquire the reputation of always doing a little more thanexpected, your fellow students will be willing to trust you with greater responsibilities. All your extra effort also indicates enthusiasm, and shows that you concentrate more on how to do a job efficiently than on its difficulties.A fourth quality of leadership is imagination--- the ability to see a way through problems and to develop new ideas. You can develop this all important quality by devoting extra thought during quiet moments to problems being faces by your organization. Many members of club sit passively through a meeting, and give no more thought to club matters until the next meeting, you are likely to come up with new ideas (or at least some questions) to contribute at the next meeting.As you show that you are interested in your school or organization, that you have understanding and respect for your schoolmates, and that you will work hard and use your imagination, your schoolmates will naturally think of you as one of their leaders. When the time comes for election of class or student body officers, you will be mentioned as a possible candidate by your closer friends , and this word will reach other groups until you are given a chance to declare yourself a candidate without seeming immodest.61. This article _______.A) discusses how a person can develop qualities of leadershipB) indicates various ways a good leader can make friends and influence peopleC) analyzes the responsibilities of leadershipD) explains why many people are not good leaders62. The author feels that a prospective leader should attend school dances to_______.A) prove that he is the best dance in the schoolB) show his interest in school activitiesC) overcome his shynessD) learn how to dance63. The author apparently feels that a person who is not athletic _______.A) should go out for athletics anywayB) is definitely not interested in school electionsC) has no chance of becoming a leaderD) can participate in other school activities64. In the sentence “The basic reason for this hesitancy is natural shyness.” theword “hesitancy” means _______.A) willingness B) reluctance C) embarrassment D) indecision65. This analysis is a _______.A) cause-and-effect discussion of the outcome of school electionsB) point-by-point explanation of how to develop the qualities of leadershipC) comparison of good leaders and bad leadersD) close examination of the good points of the president of student council Passage TwoBaekeland and Hartmann repo rt that the “short sleepers” had been more or less average in their sleep needs until the men were in their teens. But at about age 15 or so, the men voluntarily began cutting down their nightly sleep time because of pressures from school, work, and other activities. These men tended to view their nightly periods of unconsciousness as bothersome interruptions in their daily routines.In general, these “short sleeps” appeared ambitious, active, energetic, cheerful, conformist（不动摇）in their opinions, and very sure about their career choices. They often held several jobs at once, or workers full-or part-time while going to school. And many of them had a strong urge to appear “normal” or“acceptable” to their friends and associates.When asked to recall the ir dreams, the “short sleepers” did poorly. More than this, they seemed to prefer not remembering. In similar fashion, their usual way of dealing with psychological problems was to deny that the problem existed, and then to keep busy in the hope that the trouble would go away.The sleep patterns of the “short sleepers” were similar to, but less extreme than, sleep patterns shown by many mental patients categorized as manic（疯人）.The “long sleepers” were quite different indeed. Baekeland and Hartmann report that these young men had been lengthy sleeps since childhood. They seemed to enjoy their sleep, protected it, and were quite concerned when they were occasionally deprived of their desired 9 hours of nightly bed rest. They tended to recall their dre ams much better than did the “short sleepers.”Many of the “long sleepers” were shy, anxious, introverted （内向）, inhibited （压抑）, passive, mildly depressed, and unsure of themselves （particularly in social situations）. Several openly states that sleep was an escape from their daily problems.66. According to the report,________.A）many short sleepers need less sleep by natureB）many short sleepers are obliged to reduce their nightly sleep time becausethey are busy with their workC）long sleepers sleep a longer period of time during the dayD）many long sleepers preserve their sleeping habit formed during their childhood67. Many “short sleepers” are likely to hold the view that ________.A）sleep is a withdrawal from the realityB）sleep interferes with their sound judgmentC）sleep is the least expensive item on their routine programD）sleep is the best way to deal with psychological troubles68. It is stated in the third paragraph that short sleepers ________.A）are ideally vigorous even under the pressures of lifeB）often neglect the consequences of inadequate sleepC）do not know how to relax properlyD）are more unlikely to run into mental problems69. When sometimes they cannot enjoy adequate sleep, the long sleepers might________.A）appear disturbedB）become energeticC）feel dissatisfiedD）be extremely depressed70. Which of the following is Not included in the passage?A）If one sleeps inadequately, his performance suffers and his memory is weakenedB）The sleep patterns of short sleepers are exactly the same as those shown by many mental patientsC）Long and short sleepers differ in their attitudes towards sleepD）Short sleepers would be better off with more restPassage ThreeOur quarrel with efficiency is not that it gets things done, but that it is a thief of time when it leaves us no leisure to enjoy ourselves, and that it strains our nerves when we try to get things done perfectly. In building bridges, American engineers calculate so finely and exactly as to make the two ends come togetherwithin one-tenth of an inch. But when two Chinese begin to dig a tunnel from both sides of a mountain both come out on the other side. --The Chinese’s firm belief is that it doesn’t matter so long as a tunnel is dug through, and if we have two instead of one, why, we have a double track to boot.The pace of modern industrial life forbids this kind of glorious and magnificent idling. But, worse than that, it imposes upon us a different conception of time as measured by the clock and eventually turns the human being into a clock himself. （This sort of thing is bound to come to China, as is evident, for instance, in the case of a factory of twenty thousand worker. The luxurious prospect of twenty thousand workers coming in at their own sweet pleasure at all hours is, of course, somewhat terrifying.）Nevertheless, such efficiency is what makes life so hard and full of excitement. A man who has to be punctually at a certain place at five o’clock has the whole afternoon from one to five ruined for him already. Every American adult is arranging his time on the pattern of the schoolboy - three o’clock for this, five o’clock for that, six-thirty for change of dress, six-fifty for entering the taxi, and seven o’clock for arri ving at the destination. It just makes life not worth living.71. The writer objects to efficiency mainly on the grounds that it ________.A）entitles us to too much leisure timeB）urges us to get things done punctuallyC）deprives us of leisure timeD）imposes on us a perfect concept of time72. In the eyes of the author, the introduction of industrial life gives rise to ________.A）the excitement of lifeB）magnificent idling of timeC）more emphasis on efficiencyD）terrifying schoolboy73. The passage tells us ________.A）Chinese workers come to work when it is convenientB）all Americans are forced to be efficient against their willC）Chinese engineers are on better terms with the managementD）Americans ought not to work so hard for efficiency74. The author believes that relaxing the rule of punctuality in factories would leadto ________.A）great confusionB）increased productionC）a hard and exciting lifeD）successful completion of a tunnel75. What is implied but NOT stated by the author is that ________.A）every American is arranging his time in the pattern of a schoolboy B）every American is reluctant to be efficientC）every one should have some time to spend as he pleasesD）being punctual is an undesirable habit which should not be formedPart IV Translation (20%)Translate the following five sentences into English (10%)76. 这家公司欠债累累，到了崩溃的边缘。

8. If you have access to a personal computer (PC) and can connect to the Internet with a browser, you can do business online.
9. Businessreceivesraw materials as input, add value to them through various processes, and sell the finished product as output to customers.
4.( ) Air can be used to transit data.
5.( ) Search engines help you to locate information on the Web
6.( ) B2C involves individuals selling to individuals.
7.__________is a fast and powerful operating system, based on the UNIX O.S.
A. Windows 2003B. Office 2003C. Windows2003D. Linux
8.A virus is a__________
2. Software refers to computer programs.
3. Computer network is a system connecting two or more computers.
4. Communication is the most popular Internet activity
IV. Word-matching (10%)

第二套试题Part 1 Translation （30%）Section ADirections: Translate the following sentences from English to Chinese. (10%)1、Well-being, not just wealth, should mark the progress of our societies.2、Any time when you have something that is difficult to say ,e-mail can make it easier.3、Tens of thousands of 18-year-olds will graduate this year and be handed meaningless diplomas.4、Ask people how they are, and they will answer in terms of their family life ,community life and work life, rather than just what they are paid .5、We can use brain imaging to gain insight into the mechanisms behind people's decisions in a way that is often difficult to get at simply by asking a person or watching their behavior.Section BDirections: Translate the following sentences from Chinese to English. (10%))1、比如说，人人都一致认为与家人共度更多时间是人们幸福的关键。

工程硕士研究生期末考试试题A (闭卷考试)课程名称: 基础英语 学号 姓名Section A (10 points)Directions: In this section there are ten sentences, each with one word or phrase underlined. Choose the one from the four choices marked A, B, C and D that best keeps the meaning of the sentence. Then write the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.1. She had supposed human ingenuity would find ways to overcome food shortages and overpopulation.A. findingsB. clevernessC. curiosityD. inventions2. The powers of the atom are about to be harnessed for ever-greater production.A. hardenedB. convertedC. changedD. utilized3. He had a distinct feeling that something was wrong.A. differentB. clearC. plainD. vague4. Benchmarking deserves credit for inspiring some legendary corporate turnarounds.A. beliefB. honorC. praiseD. money5 Xe rox CEO David Kearns initially launched the successful “Leadership through Quality” program to boost product quality.A. aidB. promoteC. improveD. encourage6. Xerox has been able to reclaim the market leadership position that had one been threatened.A. cry outB. draw backC. call backD. demand back7. Fellow workers on campus have set up a few committees to unite all of them.A. nativeB. guyC. partnerD. colleagues8. The speaker spent several days polishing his speech.A. writingB. readingC. improvingD. editing9. The knocking at the window startled me.A. frightenedB. movedC. objectedD. excited10. She was obliged to abandon her original idea..A. observeB. give upC. changeD. modifySection B (10 points)Directions: In this section, there are ten incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then write the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET .11. We _________ red balls for blue, to see if the baby would notice.A. substitutedB. changedC. replacedD. transformed12. He worked so well that he was soon __________ to the position of manager.A. advancedB. reversedC. increasedD. raised13. A commission was set up to _____________ historical houses in the city.A. involveB. preserveC. surviveD. verify14. You can see the house _____________ for years.A. isn’t paintedB. hasn’t paintedC. hadn’t been paintedD. hasn’t been painted15. By 2008, the university__________-20000 postgraduates.A. will be trainedB. had trainedC. will have trainedD. will be training16. He ordered the work ____________.A. starting at onceB. to be started at onceC. to start at onceD. at once to tart17. This room is ___________ hat one.A. three times big thanB. three times as big asC. three times biggerD. bigger three times than18. She found a place in the building ________ she used as her first laboratory.A. whichB. whereC. in whichD. when19. It is the best film________ I’ve ever seen.A. itB. whichC. thatD. what20. He insured his car ___________ he had an accident.A. unlessB. ifC. in caseD. sinceII. Reading comprehension. (1.5 points x 20=30 points)Questions 21-25 are based on the following passage.The black robin is one of the world’s rarest birds .It is a small, wild bird, and it lives only on the island of Little Mangere, off the coast of New Zealand. In 1967there were about fifty black robins there; in 1977there were fewer than ten. These are the only black robins left in the world. The island has many other birds ,of course ,of different kinds ,large and small; these seem to multiply very happily.Energetic steps are being taken to preserve the black robin-to guard those remaining and to increase their number. Detailed studies are going on, and a public appeal for money has been made. The idea is to buy another island nearby as a special home , a “reserve”, for threatened wild life ,including black robins. The organizers say that Little Mangere should then be restocked with the robin’s food-it eats only one kind of seed-and so renewed for it .Thousands of the required plants are at present being cultivated in New Zealand. The public appeal is aimed at the conscience of mankind, so that the wild black robin will not die out and disappear from the earth in our time at least.Is all this concern a waste of human effort? Is it any business of ours whether the black robin survives or dies out? Are we losing our sense of what is reasonable and what is unreasonable?In the earth’s long, long past hundreds of kinds of creatures have evolved, risen to a degree of success-and died out .In the long, long future there will be many new and different forms of life. Those creatures that adapt themselves successfully to what the earth offers will survive for a long time. Those that fail to m eet the challenges will disappear early. That is Nature’s proven method of operation.The rule of selection-“the survival of the fittest”-is the one by which man has himself arrived on the scene .He ,being one of the most adaptable creatures the earth has yet produced ,may last longer than most. Some creatures, certain small animals, insects and birds, will almost certainly outlast man, for they seemeven more adaptable. You may take it as another rule that when ,at last ,man shows signs of dying out ,on other creature will extend a paw to postpone his departure .On the contrary ,he will be hurried out; for Nature ,though fair ,is a hardhearted mistress. She has no favorites.Life seems to have grown too tough for black robins. I leave you to judge whether we should try to do anything about it.21. The black robin is dying out mainly because________.A. people have been very careless about its survival.B. Its only food is becoming exhausted on Little Mangere.C. The other birds on the island have destroyed it.D. The appeal of money has come on the wrong time.22. As regards selection and survival ,the decisive factor seems to be _________.A. the ability to adapt to the changed or changing condition.B. The number of wild life revere that are available.C. The concern and generosity of the public.D. The size of the home, or the amount of space one has to live in.23. “What the earth offers” here means _____________.A. food, drink and air.B. Rivers, forests and hills.B. All conditions that affect life D. Things that are necessary for survival.24.In the last paragraph but one ,the writer says ,“…no other creature will extend a paw to postpone his departure.” It means that ___________.A. man’s friends on earth won’t persuade him to stay on.B. Ot her animals won’t do anything to help man survive.C. Small animals and birds will all come to say good bye.D. Man’s fellow creatures won’t attack him with their paws.25. The essay seems to suggest that ___________.A. man alone is to blame when such a thing happens.B. All creatures are concerned about the survival of others.C. It is a disaster for everyone when one kind of bird dies,D. Nature expects and accepts the dying out of weaker breeds.Questions 26-30 are based on the following passage.Drunken driving—sometimes called America s socially accepted form of murder –has become a national epidemic. Every hour of every day about three Americans on average are killed by drunken drivers, adding up to an incredible 250 000 over the past decade.A drunken driver is usually defined as one with a 0.10 blood alcohol content or roughly three beers, glasses of wine or shots of whisky drunk within two hours. Heavy drinking used to be an acceptable part of the American macho image and judges were lenient in most courts, but the drunken slaughter has recently caused so many well—publicized tragedies, especially involving young children, that public opinion is no longer so tolerant.Twenty states have raised the legal drinking age to 21, reversing a trend in the 1960s to reduce it to 18. After New Jersey lowered it to 18, the number of people killed by 18—20 –year—old drivers more than doubled, so the state recently upped it back to 21.Reformers, however, fear raising the drinking age will have little effect unless accompanied by educational programs to help young people to develop “responsible attitudes” about drinking and teach them to resist peer pressure to drink.Tough new laws have led to increased arrests and tests and in many areas already, to a marked decline in fatalities. Some states are also penalizing bars for serving customers too many drinks. A tavern in Massachusetts was fined for serving six or more double brandies to a customer who was “obviously intoxicated" and later drove off the road, killing a nine- year-old boy.As the fatalities continue to occur daily in every state, some Americans are even beginning to speak well of the l3 years national prohibition of alcohol that began in 1919, which President Hoover called the “noble experiment”. They forget that legal prohibition didn’t stop drinking, but encouraged political corruption and organized crime. As with the booming drug trade generally, there is no easy solution.26. Drunken driving has become major problem in America because _______.A. most Americans are heavy drinkersB. Americans are now less shocked by road accidentsC. accidents attract so much publicityD. drinking is a socially accepted habit in America27. Why has public opinion regarding drunken driving changed?A. Detailed statistics are now available.B. The news media have highlighted the problem.C. Judges are giving more severe sentences.D. Drivers are more conscious of their image.28. Statistics issued in New Jersey suggested that ________.A. many drivers were not of legal ageB. young drivers were often bad driversC. the level of drinking increased in the 1960sD. the legal drinking age should be raised29. Laws recently introduced in some states have _______.A. reduced the number of convictionsB. resulted in fewer serious accidentsC. prevented bare from serving drunken customersD. Specified the amount drivers can drink30. Why is the problem of drinking and driving difficult to solve?A. Alcohol is easily obtainedB. Drinking is linked to organized crimeC. Legal prohibition has already failedD. Legislation alone is not sufficientQuestions 31-35 are based on the following passage.Many things about language are a mystery, and many will always remain so. But some things we do know.First, we know that all human beings have a language of some sort. There is no race of men anywhere on earth so backward that it has no language, no set of speech sounds by which the people communicate with one another. Furthermore, in historical times, there has never been a race of men without a language. Second, there is no such thing as a primitive language. There are many people whose cultures are undeveloped, who are, as we say, uncivilized, but the languages they speak are not primitive. In all known languages we can see complexities that must have been tens of thousands of years in developing.This has not always been well understood; indeed, the direct contrary has often been stated. Popular ideas of the language of the American Indians will illustrate. Many people have supposed that the Indianscommunicated in a very primitive system of noises. Study has proved this to be nonsense. There are, or were, hundreds of American Indian languages, and all of them turn out to be very complicated and very old. There are certainly different from the languages that most of us are familiar with, but they are no more primitive than English and Greek.A third thing we know about language is that all languages are perfectly adequate. That is, each one is a perfect means of expressing the culture of the people who speak the language.Finally, we know that language changes. It is natural and normal for language to change; the only languages which do not change are the dead ones. This is easy to understand if we look backwards in time. Change goes on in all aspects of language. Grammatical features change as do speech sounds, and changes in vocabulary are sometimes very extensive and may occur very rapidly. Vocabulary is the least stable part of any language.31In the second paragraph the author thinks that_____A. some backward race doesn’t have a language of its own.B. some race in history didn’t possess a language of its own.C.any human race, whether backward or not, has a language.D.some races on earth can communicate without language.32. According to the author, people of undeveloped cultures can have______ languages.A. complicatedB. uncivilizedC. primitive B. well-known33. The author has used American Indian languages as an example to show that they are_______A. just as cold as some well-known languages.B.just as sophisticated as some well-known languages.C.more developed than some well-known languages.D.more complex than some well-known languages.34. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. language is a means of expressing a particular culture.B.All languages can well express their respective cultures.C.American Indian languages are as sophisticated as English.D.Some languages are better than other languages.35. According to the author, language changes are most likely to occur in _______A.grammar.B. pronunciation.C. vocabulary.D. intonation.Questions 36-40 are based on the following passage.There are two factors which determine an individual's intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born with. Human brains differ considerably ,some being more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with ,an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor is what happens to the individual-the sort of environment in which he is reared. If an individual is handicapped environmentally, it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable.The importance of environment in determining an individual's intelligence can be demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark. Being identical, the twins had identical brains at birth ,and their growth processes were the same. When the twins were three months old, their parents died ,and they were placed in separate foster homes. Peter was reared by parents of low intelligence in an isolated community with poor educational opportunities. Mark was reared in the home of well-to-do parents who had been to college. He was read to as a child, sent to good schools, and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually. This environmental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were given tests to measure their intelligence. Mark's I.Q. was l25, twenty-fivepoints higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother. Given equal opportunities ,the twins ,having identical brains , would have been tested at roughly the same level.36. This selection can be titled _____.A. Measuring Your IntelligenceB. Intelligence and EnvironmentC. The Case of Peter and MarkD. Pitfalls for the I. Q. Test37. The best statement of the main idea of the passage is that ____.A. human brains differ considerablyB. the brain a person is born with is important in determining his intelligenceC. environment is crucial in determining a person's intelligenceD. persons having identical brains will have roughly the same intelligence38 According to the passage, the average I.Q.is ______.A.85B.110C.100D.12539. The case history of the twins appears to support the conclusion that _____.A. individuals with identical brains are seldom tested at the same levelB. an individual's intelligence is determined solely by his environmentC. children reared under average conditions possess average intelligenceD. lack of opportunity hinders the growth of intelligence40. This passage suggests that an individual's I. Q._______.A. can be predicted at birthB. is inherited from his parentsC. stays the same through his lifeD. can be increased by educationIII. Cloze (1×1=10 points)Directions: In this part, there is a passage with ten blanks. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer for each blank and write the corresponding letter on your ANSWER SHEET.Which hand do you use more? Of course, you do many things 41 riding a bicycle with both. Often you use only one hand. For example, when you play table-tennis, the 42 are that you use your right hand. Most people are right-handed, but " there are 43 of "lefties" in the world; there are over 25 million in North America 44 .Psychologists who study these things tell us that children use both hands 45 well until they are around three. Then they 46 begin to prefer one hand to another. .47 suggest that left-handed people are more creative and more 48 than right-handed people. Not all the news 49 good, though: lefties are also more stubborn and more 50 than right-handed people. They are more likely to suffer from stuttering or to have difficulty learning to read. This is especially true if they were forced to use their right hand as a child.In the past, left-handed people were often cursed and regarded with suspicion or fear. Those days' are gone. Nowadays, in large cities you can usually find special stores selling all kinds of things for left-handed people, such as scissors, golf clubs, guitars and cameras.41. A namely B. when C. such as D. same as42. A answers B. chances C. tendencies D. trends43. A millions B. billions C. thousands D. tens of thousands44. A oneself B. lone C. lonely D. alone45. A equally B. quite C. the same D. surely46. A slowly B. gradually C. steadily D. suddenly47.A Proof B. Fact . C. Evidence D. Story48. A athlete B. athletic C. sportsman D. sportsmanship49. A is B. are C. was D. were50. A angry B. hot-headed C. impulsive D. urgent2.All buildings had been __________ hospitals.3.Though it looked like rain this morning, it has ___________ a fine day.4.The truck was carrying a ________ of bananas.5.The design is worthless for all __________purposes.6.In this competitive world, it is better for any firms to gain technological_________.7.The organization works to _____________ friendship between nations.8. A political dispute ___________six nations may be settled by an agreement between them.9.All this occurred in an already ___________ poor country.10.Why don’t you do something__________ in your spare time?V. Translate the following paragraph into Chinese and write the answer on the answer sheet. (10 points)Water is very important to living things. Without water there can be no life on Earth. All animals and plants need water. Man also needs water. We need water to drink, to cook our food and to clean ourselves. Water is needed in offices, factories and schools. Where else is water needed? Water covers about seventy percent of the Earth's surface. There is water in seas, rivers, lakes, springs(泉) and wells. Water is found almost everywhere, Even in the driest part of the world there is some water in the air. You cannot see it or feel it when it is part of the air. The water in oceans and lakes and streams is a liquid. The water in the air is not a liquid but a gas. We call it water vapor. Clouds are made of water. They may be made of tiny drops of water. They may also be made of snow crystals. Snow crystals are tiny crystals of ice. Ice is frozen water or water that has become solid.VI. Translate the following sentences into English and write the answer on the answer sheet. (10 points)1. 现在人们把电视机当作必备的生活用品之一。

2014-2015学年第二学期研究生英语学位考试考试科目：研究生英语试卷类别：A 考试时间：120 分钟__________院__________系姓名___________ 学号______________题号一二三四五六总分得分Part I. Listening Comprehension (20points)Section A (1 point each)Directions: In this section, you will hear ten shortconversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation a questionwill be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question willbe read only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause,you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which isthe best answer. (Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across thesquare brackets on your Answer Sheet 1.)1. A. Michael Jordan is a famous businessman.B. Michael Jordan is the name of the woman'sfriend.C. Michael Jordan is a manufacturer ofsneakers.D. Michael Jordan is both a person's name anda trademark.2. A. He is a billionaire in Chinatown.B. He owns a big company in China.C. He is successful businessman.D. He earned 100 million dollars last year.3. A. He succeeded quickly by working hard.B. He won because he's got very good luck.C. Despite his achievements, he hasn'tgot a reputation yet.D. He had a reputation as an experiencedspeaker on TV.4. A. Yao Ming's team should not have lost inthe first round. .B. Yao Ming is the best player in thenational team.C. Yao Ming is surprised at his loss inthe first round. .D. Yao Ming's team is expected to win thenational tournament.5. A. How a famous Chinese kung fu masterteaches his lessons.B. A way to keep energetic in life.C. The method for practising Chinese kungfu.D. A friend who has won several Chinesekung fu competitions.6. A. Jean is not fashion-conscious.B. Jean saw her sister downtown yesterdayC. Jean and her sister spend lots of timetogetherD. Jean isn't a good buyer of dresseslike her sister.7. A. He didn't like the fashion show lastnight.B. He thinks it pretty for the models towear nightgowns.C. He thinks the woman should take part inthe fashion show.D. He thinks the models gave a goodperformance.8. A. The woman likes to follow fashion.B. The man and woman have the same attitudeto clothes.C. The man is laughing at the woman.D. The woman's clothes are out of date.9. A. He thinks it's out of date.B. He doesn't think modern women would liketo wear clothes like that.C. He thinks it's wonderful.D. He likes the color but not the style.10. A.The woman has a job related to dress design.B. The two speakers agree the Oscarsceremony is a big event.C. The woman thinks it worthwhile to seethe Academy Awards.D. The man believes the Oscar ceremonyprovides a chance for stars to show off.Section B (1 point each)Directions:In this section you will hear a longconversation. At the end of the conversation, some questions will be askedabout what was said. After each question, there will be a pause. During thepause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide whichis the best answer.( Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across thesquare brackets on Answer Sheet 1. ) (The conversation will be read to you only once.)Conversation 111. A.Because he thinks it makes him relaxed.B.Because he has usedup all his salary.C.Because he likes window-shopping more than anything else.D.Because he is window-shopping while waiting for a friend.12. A.She's always been good with money.B.She's never been good with moneyC.She used to be a bad saver, like Jack.D.She doesn't save money.13. A.Earning more money.B.Opening another bank account for spending.C.Opening another bank account for saving.D.Finding a better job.14. A.10% of her salary. B. 20% of her salaryC.30% of her salary.D. 40% of her salary.15. A.Jack likes shopping when he gets paid.B. Molly has made a plan for Jack and itworks.C.Jack may listen to Molly's advice and do his best to save money.D. Jack will notlisten to Molly's advice because it is impractical.Section C (1 point each)Directions:In this section you will hear a talk about the importance of play. Listencarefully and choose the best answer from the four choices given to eachquestion you hear.(The conversation will be read to you twice.)16. A.Because play can lead us to successB.Because play can help set our minds free.C.Because play can let us experience new things.D.Because play can make people become wiser.17. A.They can learn what they cannot learn in class.B.They can learn how to help one another.C.They can learn how to express their feelings.D.They can learn good behavior through play.18. A.It makes children learn things systematically.B.It enables children to make progress step by step.C.It can help children organize their thoughts more clearly.D.It provides some rules for children to identify and follow.19. A.It provides unexpected events for children to handle.B.It gives children more freedom to play without rules or control.C.It has no goals or objectives in the game.D.It is basically an individual game in which ideas are less specific.20. A.The speaker should be a college teacher.B.The speaker is a researcher on parenthood.C.The speaker is a children's writer.D.The speaker is a specialist in childcare.Part II Vocabulary （20 points）Section A21. The department deferred the decision for six months.A. postponedB.discussedC. heldD. revised22. The scientists will go on an expedition to the South Pole.A. explorationB. tripC. tourD.outing23. She asked her mother to pick her upfrom the camp a day earlier than scheduled. Although she was sick of camp andready to come home‖, Ms. Wexler objected and finally prevailed.A.changedB. triumphedC.disagreedD. consented24. The number of old people is on therise, and with this fact comes the number of people with chronicdiseases associated more with old age.A. incurableB. severeC. painfulD.enduring25. With this strong right-wing views, andclose affiliation to the military, he’d long been regarded as a swornenemy of the people.A. emotionB. communicationC.reactionD. association26. The best hope is that we will have arapid mobilization of international opinion in support of the movement.A. getting upB. catching upC.bringing upD. calling up27. The cause of the incidence has beenkept off the air in the radio by the administration.A. not knownB. publicizedC.not broadcastedD. secret28. Some intrepid individuals werestill prepared to make the journey.A. recklessB. AggressiveC. fearlessD.tough29. The liberal party held a convention to agitatefor reforms.A. runB. postponeC. proposeD.push30. The jury deliberated for 18minutes and recommended a sentence of from 2 to 5 years in the statepenitentiary.A. inquiredB. complainedC.discussedD. spokeSection B31. The personal computer is only a decade old, and the language it________ has made only minor inroads in English, but this will change.A. pronouncedB.processedC. spawnedD. prohibited32. He formally disbanded the fact-findingteam Thursday because of Israel’ objections to the mission’s composition and________.A. mandateB. purposeC. identityD.motivation33. If you don’t pay your rent you will be.A. finedB. suedC. rejectedD.evicted34. The old lady is so ________ that she’llbelieve anything she hears.A. carelessB. sillyC.ignorantD. gullible35. When he was there, he often gave foodand coins to the ________ children who lived on the street.A. despairedB. homelessC.destituteD. deserted36. Combining social commentary withrhythmic ________, heavy bass beats, and remixed or original melodies, rap isone of the most controversial of black musical forms.A. danceB. bandC. musicD.lyrics37. He took out a court ________ againstthe newspaper demanding the return of the document.A. injunctionB. suspensionC.biasD.sentence38. They said on the wedding that theybelonged ________ to each other---for life or for death.A. by farB. on earthC.perpetuallyD. in all39. It’s good news that the Governor andlawmakers are finally talking to each other, however________.A. sullenlyB. off-handedlyC.hospitablyD. slowly40. We now are provided with several televisioncommentators to explain the action to us, with the help of the ________slow-motion instant replay.A. popularB. ubiquitousC.successfulD. continuousPartIII. Reading Comprehension (40 points)Directions: In this part, there are three short passages. Read each one carefully, and then do the questions that follow.Choose the best answer from the four choices given and mark the correspondingletter with a single bar across the square brackets on Answer Sheet 1.Passage OneMoviegoers may think history is repeatingitself this weekend. The summer's most anticipated film, Pearl Harbor, which has opened recently, painstakingly re-createsthe Japanese attack that drew the United States into World War II. But thatisn't the film's only reminder of the past.Harbor invites comparison to Titanic, thebiggest hit of all time. Like Titanic,Harbor heaps romance and actionaround a major historical event. Like Titanic,Harbor attempts to create popularglobal entertainment from a deadly real-life tragedy. Like Titanic, Harbor costsa pretty penny and hopes to get in even more at the box office.Both Titanic and Pearl Harbor unseal their tales of love and tragedy over more than three hours. Both storiescenter on young passion, triangles of tension with one woman and two men; In Titanic,Leonardo DiCaprio and BillyZane compete for the love of the same woman, a high-society type played by aBritish actress named Kate (Winslet). In Harbor,two pilots (Ben Affleck, Josh Hartnett) fall for the same woman, a nurse playedby a British actress named Kate (Beckinsale).The scenes of peril also havesimilarities. Harbor has a shot inwhich soldiers cling for dear life as the battleship USS Oklahoma capsizes. Themoment is recalled of the Titanic'sclimactic sinking scene in which DiCaprio and Winslet hang from the ocean lineras half of the ship vertically plunges into the water. In Harbor, one of its stars floats atop a piece of debris in themiddle of the night, much like Winslet's character does in Titanic.And the jaw-dropping actionof Titanic is matched by Harbor's, 40-minute re-creation of theDec. 7, 1941 attack on the United States' Pacific Fleet. Both films spentheavily on special effects.Harbor director, Michael Bay, for example, says he kept salaries down so more could bespent on the visuals. Both movies even shot their ship-sinking scenes at thesame location; Fox Studios Baja in Mexico.Harbor's makers have eventaken a Titantic-like approach to thesoundtrack. The film includes one song. ThereYou'll be, performed by country music superstar Faith Hill. Titanic, which is one of the bestselling soundtracks of all time, also has only one pop song: Celine Dion's MY Heart Will Go On.―If Harbor becomes a major moneymaker, filmmakers may comb historybooks searching for even more historical romance-action material.‖ says acritic.41. What are the two things that the author of this article tries tocompare?A. The attack on Pearl Harbor and the sinking of the Titanic.B. Historical fiction moviesand successful box office hits.C. The movie Titanic and the on-show movie Pearl Harbor.D. Sinking boats and famousactors.42. Pearl Harbor and Titanic are similar in all of thefollowing aspects EXCEPT_____.A. both spent large amount ofmoney on special effectsB. both have soundtracksstarring a major pop starC. both added made-up storiesto historical eventsD. both are documentary moviesof historical events43. Who plays the leading female role in Pearl Harbor?A. Kate Beckinsale.B. Ben Affleck.C. Kate Winslet.D. Faith Hill.44. What does the phrase ―cost a pretty penny‖ in the first paragraphmean?A. To be very attractive.B. To cost a lot.C. To have big box officereturns.D. To require a lot of effort to accomplish.45. If Pearl Harbor is assuccessful as Titanic, which of thefollowing movies might we see next?A. The Battle of Waterloo.B. The Advents of Mr. Bean.C. Space Invaders.D. The Haunted House.Passage TwoA few weeks ago my mothercalled to say there was a warrant out for my arrest. I was mystified. I’d liketo think myself dangerous but I’m a mild-mannered journalist. I don't have acriminal record, though the address on my driver’s license is my mother’s -thus the ―raid.‖ I hadn’t robbed any convenience stores lately, nor fled thescene after backing a Jeep into a crowd of people.But this is Mayor Giuliani sNew York, where it doesn’t take much to draw the attention of cops. New Yorkersknow all about Hizzonor’s banning homeless cleaning men from approachingdrivers and offering to clean their windshiel ds. H’s also cracked down onstreet vendors. Yuppie that 1 am. I’ve never given much thought to what it feltlike to be on the other side of the law.So when the cops cameknocking, I thought there must be some mistake. Imagine my embarrassment upondiscovering my crime. One Saturday night in March, I strolled out of apartmentafter dinner, a Coors Light beer in hand. Suddenly a police officer came up andwrote me a ticket. The charge: violating New York City’s open-container laws.Yeah. I probably should have paid it then and there. But instead I stuck thepink slip in my back pocket and forgot about it. When I called to inquire about my case. Iwas told to ―speak with Officer Kosenza.‖ But I didn’t get a chance. Kosenzacalled me that night while I was having dinner with my girlfriend. He wanted meto come to court, right then. But I was cautious. It seems New York’s policeare in a bind. With crime falling to record lows, it's getting harder andharder for cops to ―make the numbers‖ that show they’re doing a better and better job. What to do? The answer is to rifle through out-of-date tickets thathaven’t been paid –anything they could turn into a ―crime.‖ I finally decidedto turn myself in. which is how 1 found myself, one August evening, handcuffedat the downtown Manhattan police station with an older officer telling us talesof his days in the 1980s. ―Times sure have changed.‖ he said, shaking his headat us statistically useful nuisances.Eventually I was led into acourtroom. Very quickly, it was done. Handcuffs off, out the door.I wanted tocomplain but went quietly home, promising not to do whatever I was guilty offor another six months. I got off easy. But I also learned a lesson: Giuliani sclean streets come with a price. If only the mayor would neglect to pay aticket.46. According to the passage, the author is probably _____.A. an urban young professionalB. a narrow-minded journalistC. a criminal wanted by thepoliceD. a traffic offender47. The author was arrested primarily because _____.A. he once stuck a piece ofpink paper in his back pocketB. he used his mother'saddress on the driver's licenseC. he had robbed convenienceshops beforeD. he drank some beer onenight on the street48. The word "nuisances" in the fourth paragraph may mean_____.A. mild-mannered prisonersB. trouble makersC. new arrivalsD. hardened criminals49. Through the passage, the author wants to convey the idea that_____.A. New York policemen aredoing a good job cracking down on crimesB. not everyone agrees withthe mayor's management of the cityC. the crime rate has beenreduced at the expense of citizens' convenienceD. everyone including themayor should be punished if he is guilty of crime50. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOTtrue?A. The author pleaded guiltyand was set free.B. Policemen were trying hardto please their superiors.C. Many so-called crimes wereonly trifle things.D. It's no use complaining tocops when you are caught.Passage ThreeEwen Cameron is long dead buthis ghost appears to haunt Canada, where extraordinarily strict rules are beingconsidered to protect the subjects of psychological research.Cameron was a scientiststraight from a horror movie. On the surface, he was a respectable academic.But after the end of the Second World War, he visited the Nuremberg trials,superficially to examine Rudolf Hess's psychological state. Many people believethat he also studied Nazi methods of mind control. Certainly, he neverinternalized the Nuremberg declaration that prohibits human experiment s whererisk outweighs ―humanitarian importance.‖Throughout the 1950s, Cameronran a CIA-funded laboratory at McGill University where patients were used asguinea pigs in brainwashing experiments. Some patients were given ECT―therapy‖twice daily, others wer e drugged and kept unconscious for weeks or months,injected with huge amounts of drugs, and subjected to long-term sensorydeprivation.Compensation has been paid tomost surviving patients. But suspicion of the psychological sciences has notentirely gone aw ay. Nor has the need for patients’ rights to beguaranteed.Cameron, after all, ensured that every patient signed a consent form, eventhough many were not in position to understand what it meant.The strict new rules forpsychological research now under discussion can partly be understood in thelight of special Canadian sensitivities. They are designed to ensure that noone can be involved in an experiment that might damage their own interests.All well and good, exceptthat psychological sciences aren’t going to advance if anyone can leave anexperiment if they don’t like the results. Obviously, many psychologicalexperiments would not be possible if the experimenters had to reveal exactlywhat they were testing.There is much to debate about the rights ofpatients and experimental subjects. The committee drawing up the code hasapparently received 2,000 pages of comment on its draft.No one should do anythinguntil this committee has had all the time it needs to read, digest and studythese submissions. And then reach a truly balanced position.51. According to the author, we may conclude that _____.A. Cameron was a dedicated andresponsible scientistB. Cameron was interested inunveiling the myths about Rudolf Hess’s psychological stateC. Cameron tried to ensurethat his subjects clearly understood the purpose of the experimentsD. Cameron unmistakablyviolated the subjects’ rights52. Which of the following statements is NOT true based on the secondparagraph?A. Cameron’s appearance mightmisrepresent his true personal ity.B. Probing into thepsychological state of the Nazi was outside Cameron’s profession.C. Cameron did not observe thestipulation relating to human experiments.D. People believed that he hadundisclosed motives for attending the Nuremberg trials.53. We can infer from this passage that _____.A. making compensation for thesubjects’ loss was illegalB. some subjects in Cameron’sexperiments diedC. people have been quiteindifferent to the subjects’ rightsD. as a rule, people are fullysupportive of psychological sciences54. The committee responsible for working out the rules governingpsychological research _____.A. has to give top priority topsychological advancesB. is bombarded withcriticisms from the publicC. is expected to take intoaccount all the reactions to the draftingD. should rely on thosewilling to sacrifice their own interests55. One of the problems with the new rules for psychological researchis that _____.A. the rules can do little toprotect the patients’ rightsB. people may withdraw fromthe experiments in fear of damage to their own interestsC. it would be impossible tosort out anything valuable from the comments on the rulesD. people’s response topsychological sciences is overwhelmingly negativePassage Four[1] Unfortunately, I know more than I care toabout the aftermath of drinking and driving. Asa high school freshman inWayland, Mass., in 1980, I suffered through the death of a classmate on myhockey team who was killed in an alcohol-related crash. Two years later Iattended the funeral of another student in my class who died while drivingunder the influence.[2] I thoughtdrunk driving had hurt me as much as it could. I was wrong. Four years ago mybrother Ryan, a senior at Middlebury College in Middlebury, Vt., drove 70 to100 miles an hour on a rainy rural road into a tree, ending his life. Hisblood-alcohol level was nearly three times the legal limit.[3] It was oneof the worst accidents that officers at the crash site had ever seen. The twopolicemen who were assigned to wipe Ryan's blood and tissue off the car'sbroken wind shield found it impossible to talk to my family about the details.[4] Ryan waslast seen drinking vodka punch at an on-campus social house. He left the partyintending to drive to his apartment three miles away to pick up a toga for yetanother event. He never made it home.[5] After hisdeath we found out that Ryan had developed a drinking problem. But even thoughhe drank to excess at nearly every social function, usually three to four timesa week, many of his friends never realized he was becoming an alcoholic.[6] We were toldthat a staff member in the student-activities office where Ryan oftenregistered his social house's parties had suspected that he had a drinkingproblem. And Ryan was not the only Middlebury student to be involved in adangerous alcohol-related incident: in the year before his death, one of Ryan'sfellow students nearly died in a binge-drinking episode. She was saved onlybecause someone in the hospital emergency room pumped her stomach as she layunconscious. Her blood-alcohol level was 0. 425 percent.[7] I know thatmy brother was ultimately responsible for his death, but in my view, collegeadministrators can work harder to keep kids like Ryan from getting behind thewheel. Many schools, however, have been reluctant to address the problem. Why?Perhaps because taking responsibility will make trustees and college presidentslegally liable for students' drunk-driving behavior.[8] Ifadministrators accepted this responsibility, they might ask themselves: Shouldwe expel students who receive a DUI? Has the university president met with thetown's mayor to create a unified policy toward drunk driving? Have we contactedorganizations like MADD and SADD to help us implement alcohol-educationprograms?[9] On campuseslike Middlebury's, where many students own cars, administrators can use moreaggressive methods to combat drinking and driving. Yet after Ryan's death, hisuniversityrefused my family's request to fund an officer to patrol the mainentry into the campus on weekend evenings for out-of-control drivers.[10] Why doesthe problem of drunk driving persist? It's not easy to solve.[11] A lot ofcollege students are young and irresponsible, and drinking is part of theirculture. Many administrators have not wanted to abolish fraternities and socialhouses for fear that ending such beloved traditions would lower alumnidonations.[12] Collegeofficials, I ask that you go home tonight and consider your love for your sonor daughter, brother or sister. Imagine the knock on your door at 3 a. m. whena police officer announces that your loved one has died. Then go to a mirrorand look deep into your own eyes. Ask yourself: have I done enough to helpsolve this problem?[13] The choiceis simple. You can choose to be a leader and an agent of change on acontroversial issue. Or you can continue authoring your students' eulogies. Myfamily, in its grief, begs you to do the former.56. The article is most probably addressedtoA. drunk-driving studentsB. family members of drunk-drivingstudentsC. school administratorsD. law-enforcement officers57. The author suggests that on the issueof students' deaths caused by drunk-driving, the universitiesA. have faithfully fulfilled their dutiesB. have not done their fair share of dutyC. shouldbe held legally responsibleD. shouldnot assume responsibility58. Many universities show littleenthusiasm in solving students' drinking problem becauseA. drinking is considered to be beyondtheir mandateB. drinking is generally regarded as partof youth cultureC. they are doubtful of the effectivenessof aggressive methodsD. they are afraid of taking legalliability for such behavior59. Which of the following is the requestof the author's family for Ryan's university?A. To impose a ban on social houses andon-campus drinking.B. To expel any student who has receivedtickets for drunk driving.C. To patrol the main school entry onweekend evenings for drunk drivers.D. To initiate alcohol-education programswith the help of social organizations.60. The author's tone in writing thisarticle is . .A. sincereB.satiricalC. arrogantD. helplessPart IV. Translation (10 points)(注意：此部分试题61—65请在答题卡2上作答。

英语听力Test4Part I Listening Comprehension(25minutes,20points)Section A(1point each)1.A The man shouldn’t care what Sandra said.B The man shouldn’t listen to Sandra.C The man should talk openly with Sandra.D The man should get back home early.2.A A boss and an employee.B A lawyer and a client.C A shop assistant and a customerD A bus driver and a passenger.3.A The woman helped to do part of the experiment.B The woman proposed some good ideas in the experiment.C The woman was grateful for the success of the experiment.D The woman recommended some useful books for the experiment.4.A It is very neat.B It is a messC It is very pleasant.D It is a hell.5.A He got the camera at a very low price.B The camera is very expensive.C The camera is worth nothing.D He does not like the camera.6.A Because it provides free service.B Because it is the best store of its kind.C Because it has great variety of goods.D Because it has high quality goods there.7.A Because he is going to find a new job.B Because he has to work over time in the office.C Because he is going to move to a new town.D Because his job is too demanding for him.8.A Because he is very inspiring.B Because he is very brave.C Because he made some great achievements.D Because he is a successful ruler.9.A He is very stern with his employees.B He works very hard himself.C He is very satisfied with his employees.D He makes excessive demands on his employees.Section B(1point each)10A Because his mother wanted him to learn.B Because he preferred the violin to the piano.C Because he heard a friend of his play it.D Because he thought the violin was for classical music.10.A He joined the Army Orchestra.B He stopped playing the violin.C He played more than100concerts a year.D He played classical music for American soldiers.12.A Everyone needs music.B People are born musical.C Children love music more than adults.D Music is the product of human civilization.13.A In developed countries.B In developing countriesC In European countriesD In Asian countries.14.A They teach and convey cultural values in schools.B They work as volunteers in developing countries.C They help take care of the AIDS patients.D They take care of their own grandchildren at home.15.A They can no longer perform their jobs well.B They don’t want to work any longer.C They have to give up their jobs to youngsters.D No boss would like to hire older employees.Test3Part I Listening Comprehension ( 25 minutes, 20 points)1. A .The hero was out of his mind.B. The hero was a thing, not a human being.C .The hero overcame many difficulties.D. The hero was really great.2. A .Tome wants to travel by air.B .Tom wants to become a pilot.C. Tom is greatly interested in power.D .Tom can seize a chance in time.3. A. The government should help those youngsters.B .The government should take the place of those youngsters.C .The government should encourage those youngsters.D .The government should place restrictions on those youngsters.4. A. Because they had the same interests.B .Because they got along very well.C .Because both of them were sociable.D. Because both of them were humorous.5. A. She likes riding horses.B .She has been promoted once a year.C .She won the second place in a contest.D. She is very excited.6. A. She doesn’t think the manager is at home.B .She doesn’t know the manager’s home phone number.C .She doesn’t think highly of the manager.D .She doesn’t know the manager at all.7. A. She is not satisfied with her life.B .She isolate herself from the outside world.C .She can find a peaceful life only in her dreams.D .She can’t be at peace with others.8. A .A boss and an employeeB. A hotel manager and a customerC .A landlady and a tenantD. A plumber and an apartment owner.10. A .A conformistB. A renowned personC. A fighterD .A problem personSection B ( 1 point each)10. A .The materials used for building reservoirs.B. The causes of water pollution.C .The storage of drinking water.D. The chemicals used to purify water.11.A. Rock and soilB. Concrete and bricksC .Pine and redwood treesD .Stones and steel rods12. A .People in many parts of the world have to store rainwater for drinking.B. The mixture of rock and soil can be used as the bottom of a water tank.C. Chemicals can’t be used to keep the wooden tanks from being ruined.D. Small water plants may help clean the storage water.13.A. More than 1,700B .More than 1,600C .More than 700D .More than 60014. A. When a heat wave lasts for several days.B .When the total amount of heat in a day is very great.C. When the heat wave is strengthened by the sun.D. When the night temperature in a heat wave does not drop much.15. A .Stay at home and avoid going to work.B. Try to eat more vegetables and fruits.C .Wear light-colored and comfortable clothes.D .Use air conditioners and other cooling devices.Test2Section A ( 1 point each )1. A. In about 10 minutes.B. In about 20minutes.C. In about 30 minutes.D. In about 40 minutes.2. A. They don't like their next-door neighbor.B. They feel lonely here.C. They find the life here tough.D. They don t feel safe in this neighborhood.3. A. The manager was impatient with John.B. John was afraid of talking with the manager.C. John was not interested in the business.D. The room where they had the talk was a mess.4. A. It was interesting.B. It was boring.C. It was moving.D. It was an empty talk.5. A. She often goes outing with her neighbors.B. She thinks that her neighbors are trustworthy.C. She thinks that her neighbors are very friendly.D. She has much in common with her neighbors.6. A. Jane has changed a lot.B. Jane is artistic.C. Jane is conscientious.D. Jane's idea is not good enough.7. A. She didn't like them from the very beginning.B. She doesn't like their color.C. Their color is too close to that of the walls.D. Their color doesn't match that of the walls.8. A. They are amusing and instructive.B. They are popular and interesting.C. They are ridiculous and boring.D. They are uninteresting and outdated.9. A. Because John is as clumsy as a pig.B. Because John has never played a game like this.C. Because John is not as competitive as other players.D. Because John has no confidence in himself.Section B (1 point each)10. A. Being compulsory in most countries.B. Covering differently according to different situations.C. Helping the needy to survive.D. Sharing risks of possible losses.11. A. To prove that it is wise to spend money on insurance.B. To prove that buying insurance is a wasted investment.C. To tell us that the sense of security is very important in driving.D. To tell us that accidents may take place at any time.12. A. Business, poverty and health insurance.B. Car, liability and life insurance.C. Possessions, disability and health insurance.D. Liability, home and life insurance.13. A. They live on their parents' income.B. They live on food given by others.C. They live on begged food.D. They live on potatoes only.14. A. Their teachers died of AIDS.B. Their parents died of AIDS.C. They had no money to pay for the tuition.D. They were infected with HIV.15. A. About 4.2%.B. About 10%.C. About 20%.D. Less than 30%.Test1section A ( 1 point each)1. A The faculty members are having a party.B The faculty members have no time to study economics and management.C The faculty members are very busy and have no time for the regular meal.D The faculty members are making time to do some physical exercises.3. A Devices used in classroom.B Music instruments.C Experimental deviceD School facilities4. A Buying a car B Car insuranceC Buying car partsD Car repair4. A Buying some medicine in a drugstore.B Giving a lecture on the symptoms of common cold.C Complaining about his illness.D Discussing the scientific discoveries in medicine.5.A Seasonal sports B A plan for a vacationC Taking a testD Ways to save time.6.A A professor B An astronautC A travel agentD An economist7.A To support her familyB To shop in the regular wome n‘s department.C To slim downD To keep herself busy8. A Someone who is in charge of huntingB A boss of a companyC A job-seeking advisorD Someone who is in charge of looking for talents for his company.9. A An investment consultant and her client.B A bank teller and her customer.C An insurance agent and her client.D A stock-holder and his trustee.Section B (1 point each)10. A They have plentiful resources.B They are very generous.C They are richer than people in other countries.D They think consuming more can stimulate the development of their economy.11. A They were afraid that other people would occupy their houses.B They could make the land richer with the ashes.C They could get their nails quicker and easier.D They liked to see the hardwoods go up in smoke.12. A American banks use expensive stationary.B American people destroy things that other people save.C Too many names of vice-presidents are listed on the bank pages.D The large English bank sent him a letter in a used envelop.13. A We are very clear about how people make friends.B Most people have about six friends.C People don‘t usually rely on their new friends.D People can‘t make friends if they have different backgrounds.14 A Having the same friendsB Talking with the same frequency.C Being from similar social classes.D Sharing similar ideas and interest15. A Their common ideas, beliefs, attitudes and interests.B Their shared emotions and experiences.C Their similarity at age and background.D Their economic conditions and social position.。

Passage 1One motivational analyst who became curious to know there had been such a great rise in impulse buying at supermarkets was James Vicary. He suspected that some special psychology must be going on inside the women as they shopped in supermarkets. His suspicion was that perhaps they underwent such an increase in tension when confronted with so many possibilities that they were forced into making quick purchases. He set out to find out if this was true. The best way to detect what was going on inside the shopper was through the use of a galvanometer or lie detector. That obviously was impractical. The next best thing was to use a hidden motion-picture camera and record the eye-blink rate of the women as they shopped. How fast a person blinks his eyes is a pretty good index of his state of inner tension. The average person, according to Mr. Vicary, normally blinks his eyes about 32 times a minute. If he is tense, he blinks them more frequently; and, under extreme tension, he may blink up to 50 or 60 times. If he is notably relaxed, on the other hand, his eye-blink rate may drop to a subnormal twenty or less.Mr. Vicary set up his cameras and started following the ladies as they entered the store. The results were startling, even to him. Their eye-blink rate, instead of going up to indicate mounting tension, went down and down, to a very subnormal fourteen blinks a minute. The ladies fell into what Mr. Vicary calls a hypnoidal trance, a light kind of trance that, he explains, isthe first stage of hypnosis. Mr. Vicary has decided that the main cause of the trance is that the supermarket is packed with products which in former years would have been items only kings and queens could have afforded and here in this fairyland they were available to all. Mr. Vicary theorizes: “Just within this generation, anyone can be a king or queen and go through these stores where the products say ‘buy me, buy me’.”1 Vicary’s curiosity was aroused by the fact that _________.A. there was a decrease in sales in supermarketsB. women were showing strong resistance to products in supermarketsC. there seemed to be no logic in women’s buying habitsD. women were shopping very carefully2 According to the article, eye-blink rate is an indication of ________.A. the truth or falsity of a statementB. the mental ability of a personC. blood pressureD. the emotional state of a person3 Mr. Vicary’s test ________________.A. proved his original hypothesis to be trueB. proved that the tension of a woman shopper, after entering thestore, decreased rather than increasedC. nullified the eye-blink rate as a measurement of tensionD. showed that a woman’s reaction to the products in a supermarketis impossible to determine4 After his tests, Mr. Vicary concluded that _____________.A. shopping was apt to create serious nervous disordersB. a supermarket is a fantastic placeC. women are entranced by the many wonderful items available insupermarketsD. women develop an inferiority complex when in supermarkets5 Implied but not stated: _______________.A. Quick purchases are the result of inner tensionB. The first stage of hypnosis is a light tranceC. Research conducted by motivation analysis can disprove theiroriginal premisesD. Supermarkets seeking a fairyland atmosphere should install hiddenmovie camerasPassage 2In science, a theory is a reasonable explanation of observed events that are related. A theory often involves an imaginary model that helps scientists picture the way an observed event could be produced. A good example of this is found in the kinetic molecular theory, in which gases arepictured as being made up of many small particles that are in constant motion.A useful theory, in addition to explaining past observations, helps to predict events that have not as yet been observed. After a theory has been publicized, scientists design experiments to test the theory. If observations confirm the scientists’ predictions, the theory is supported. If observations do not confirm the predictions, the scientists must search further. There may be a fault in the experiment, or the theory may have to be revised or rejected.Science involves imagination and creative thinking as well as collecting information and performing experiments. Facts by themselves are notMost scientists start an investigation by finding out what other scientists have learned about a particular problem. After known facts have been gathered, the scientist comes to the part of the investigation that requires considerable imagination. Possible solutions to the problem are formulated. These possible solutions are called hypotheses.In a way, any hypothesis is a leap into the unknown. It extends the scientist’s thinking beyond the known facts. The scientist plans experiments, performs calculations, and makes observations to test hypotheses. Forwithout hypotheses, further investigation lacks purpose and direction. When hypotheses are confirmed, they are incorporated into theories.6 “Bricks” are mentioned in Paragraph 3 to indicate how _________.A. mathematicians approach scienceB. building a house is like performing experimentsC. science is more than a collection of factsD. scientific experiments have led to improved technology7 In the fourth paragraph, the author implies that imagination is most important to scientists when they ________.A. evaluate previous work on a problemB. formulate possible solutions to a problemC. gather known factsD. close an investigation8 In the last paragraph, the author refers to hypothesis as “a leap into theunknown” in order to show that hypotheses ________________.A. are sometimes ill-conceivedB. can lead to dangerous resultsC. go beyond available factsD. require effort to formulate9 In the last paragraph, what does the author imply is a major function ofhypotheses?A. Sifting through known facts.B. Communicating a scientist’s thoughts to others.C. Providing direction for scientific research.D. Linking together different theories.10 Which of the following statements is supported by the passage?A. Theories are simply imaginary models of past events.B. It is better to revise a hypothesis than to reject it.C. A scientist’s most difficult task is testing hypotheses.D. A good scientist needs to be creative.Passage 3For most of us, the work is the central, dominating fact of life. We spend more than half our conscious hours at work, preparing for work, traveling to and from work. What we do there largely determines our standard of living and to a considerable extent the status we are accorded by our fellow citizens as well. It is sometimes said that because leisure has become more important the indignities and injustices of work can be pushed into a corner, that because most work is pretty intolerable, the people who do it should compensate for its boredom, frustrations and humiliations by concentrating their hopes on the other parts of their lives. I reject that as a counsel of despair. For the foreseeable future the material and psychological rewards which work can provide, and the conditions in which work is done, willcontinue to play a vital part in determining the satisfaction that life can offer. Yet only a small minority can control the pace at which they work or the conditions in which their work is done; only for a small minority does work offer scope for creativity, imagination, or initiative.Inequality at work and in work is still one of the cruelest and most glaring forms of inequality in our society. We cannot hope to solve the more obvious problems of industrial life, many of which arise directly or indirectly from the frustrations created by inequality at work, unless we tackle it head-on. Still less can we hope to create a decent and humane society.The most glaring inequality is that between managers and the rest. For most managers, work is an opportunity and a challenge. Their jobs engage their interest and allow them to develop their abilities. They are constantly learning; they are able to exercise responsibility; they have a considerable degree of control over their own and others’ working lives. Most important of all, they have opportunity to initiate. By contrast, for most manual workers, and for a growing number of white-collar workers, work is a boring, dull, even painful experience. They spend all their working lives in conditions which would be regarded as intolerable --- for themselves --- by those who take the decisions which let such conditions continue. The majority have little control over their work; it provides them with no opportunity for personal development. Often production is so designed that workers are simply part of the technology. In offices, many jobs are so routine thatworkers justifiably feel themselves to be mere cogs in the bureaucratic machine. As a direct consequence of their work experience, many workers feel alienated from their work and their firm, whether it is in public or in private ownership.11 In the writer’s opinion, people judge others by_________.A. the type of work they doB. the place where they workC. the time they spend at workD. the amount of money they earn12 According to the writer, in the future, work will ________.A. matter less than it does nowB. be as important as it is nowC. be better paid than it is nowD. offer more satisfaction13 What does the writer think is needed to solve our industrial problems?A. A reduction in the number of strikesB. Equality in salariesC. A more equal distribution of responsibilityD. An improvement in moral standards14 What advantages does the writer say managers have over other workers?A. They cannot lose their jobs.B. They get time off to attend courses.C. They can work at whatever interests them.D. They can make their own decisions.15 Working conditions generally remain bad because _______________.A. the workers are quite satisfied with themB. no one can decide what to do about themC. managers see no need to change themD. office workers want to protect their positionsPassage 4Coincident with concerns about the accelerating loss of species and habitats has been a growing appreciation of the importance of biological diversity, the number of species in a particular ecosystem, to the health of the Earth and human being. Much has been written about the diversity of terrestrial organisms, particularly the exceptionally rich life associated with tropical rain-forest habitats. Relatively little has been said, however, about diversity of life in the sea even though coral reef systems are comparable to rain forests in terms of richness of life.An alien exploring Earth would probably give priority to the planet’s dominant, most distinctive feature – ocean. Humans have a bias toward land that sometimes gets in the way of truly examining global issues. Seenfrom far away, it is easy to realize that landmasses occupy one-third of the Earth’s surface. Given that two-thirds of the Earth’s surface is water and that marine life lives at all levels of the ocean, the total three-dimensional living space of the ocean is perhaps 100 times greater than that of land and contains more than 90 percent of all life on Earth even though the ocean has fewer distinct species.The fact that half of the known species are thought to inhabit the world’s rain forests does not seem surprising, considering the huge numbers of insects that comprise the bulk of the species. One scientist found many different species of ants in just one tree from a rain forest. While every species is different from every other species, their genetic makeup constrains them to be insects and to share similar characteristics with 750,000 species of insects. If basic, broad categories such as phyla and classes are given more emphasis than differentiating between species, then the greatest diversity of life is unquestionably the sea. Nearly every major type of plant and animal has some representation there.To appreciate fully the diversity and abundance of life in the sea, it helps to think small. Every spoonful of ocean water contains life on the order of 100 to 100,000 bacterial cells plus assorted microscopic plants and animals, including larvas of organisms ranging from sponges and corals to starfish and clams and much more.16 What is the main point of the passage?A. Humans are destroying thousands of species.B. There are thousands of insect species.C. The sea is even richer in life than the rain forests.D. Coral reefs are similar to rain forests.17 Why does the author compare rain forests and coral reefs (Paragraph1)?A. They are approximately the same size.B. They share many similar species.C. Most of their inhabitants require water.D. Both have many different forms of life.18 The passage suggests that most rain forest species are ________________.A. insectsB. bacteriaC. mammalsD. birds19 The author argues that there is more diversity of life in the sea than in the rain forests because ____________.A. more phyla and classes of life are represented in the seaB. there are too many insects to make meaningful distinctionsC. many insect species are too small to divide into categoriesD. marine life-forms reproduce at a faster rate20 Which of the following conclusions is supported by the passage?A. Ocean life is highly adaptive.B. More attention needs to be paid to preserving ocean species andhabitats.C. Ocean life is primarily composed of plants.D. The sea is highly resistant to the damage done by pollutants.Passage 5Battles are like marriages. They have a certain fundamental experience they share in common; they differ infinitely, but sill they are all alike. A battle seems to me a conflict of will to the death in the same way that a marriage of love is the identification of two human beings to the end of the creation of life –as death is the reverse of life, and love of hate. Battles are commitments to cause death as marriages are commitments to create life. Whether, for any individual, either union results in death or in the creation of new life, each risks it – and in the risk commits himself.As the servants of death, battles will always remain horrible. Those who are fascinated by them are being fascinated by death. There is no battle aim worthy of the name except that of ending all battles. Any other conception is, literally, suicidal. The fascist worship of battle is a suicidal drive; it is love of death instead of life.In the same idiom, to triumph in battle over the forces which are fightingfor death is –again literally –to triumph over death. It is a surgeon’s triumph as he cuts a body and bloodies his hands in removing a cancer in order to triumph over death that is in the body.In these thoughts I have found my own peace, and I return to an army that fights death and cynicism in the name of life and hope. It is a good army. Believe in it.21 Although the author says that battles are horrible, he also says that_________.A. most people find fascination in themB. there is no battle aim worthy of the nameC. one should love life and not deathD. fighting to end battles is justifiable22 The author states that one who fights a battle toward any end other than peace is ________.A. tainted by fascismB. misguided and unworthyC. victimized by unconscious drives to killD. bent on his own destruction23 The article says that the individual, in battle and in marriage, must_________.A. make a unionB. compromise his beliefsC. take the risks he has committed himself toD. recognize that death is the reverse of life24 The article says that a surgeon can triumph when he_____________.A. performs a successful operationB. triumphs over the bodyC. removes a cancerD. cuts out that which is life-destroying25 Implied by the author, but not stated: “I have found peace as I _________.”A. think about life and deathB. return to an army that fights death and cynicismC. consider becoming a surgeonD. recognize that life and hope can triumph if one fights for themPassage 6There is little question that substantial labor-market differences exist between men and women. Among the most researched difference is the male-female wage gap. Many different theories are used to explain why men earn more than women. One possible reason is based on the limitedmobility is a joint decision in which the needs of the husband and wife arebalanced to maximize family welfare. Job-motivated relocations are generally made to benefit the primary earner in the family. This leads to a constrained job search for the secondary earner, as he or she must search for a job in a limited geographic area. Since the husband is still the primary wage earner in many families, the job search of the wife may suffer. Individuals who are tied to a certain area are labled ‘tied-stayers’, while secondary earners who move for the benefit of the family are labeled ‘tied-movers’(Jacob Mincer, 1978).The wages of a tied-stayer or tied-mover may not be substantially lower if the family lives in or moves to a large city. If a large labor market has more cacancies, the wife may locate a wage offer near the maximum she would find with a nation-wide search. However, being a tied-stayer or tied-mover can lower the wife’s wage if the family lives in or moves to a small community. A small labor market will reduce the likelihood of her finding a job that utilizes her skills. As a result she may accept a job for which she is overqualified and thus earn a lower wage. This hypothesized relationship between the likelihood of being overqualified and SMSA size is termed ‘differential overqualification.’ Frank (1978) and Haim Ofek and Yesook Merrill(1994) provide support for the theory of differential overqualification by finding that the male-female wage gap is greater in smaller SMSA’s.While the results are consistent with the existence of differential overqualification, they may also result from other situations as well. Firms insmall labor market may use their monopsony power to keep wages down. Local demand shocks are found to be a major source of wage variation both across and within local labor market(Roberts Topel, 1986). Since large labor markets are generally more diversified, a demand shock can have a substantial impact on immobile workers in small labor markets. Another reason for examining differential overqualification involves the assumption that there are more vacancies in large labor markets. While there is little doubt that more vacancies exist in large labor markets, there are also likely to be more people searching for jobs in large labor markets. If the greater number of vacancies is offset by the larger number of searchers, it is unclear whether women will be more likely to be overqualified in small labor market. Instead of relying on wages to determine if differential overqualification exists, we consider an explicit form of overqualification based on education.26 According to the author, the male-female wage gap ________.A is justifiedB has important repercussions on family lifeC represents a sexist attitude toward womenD is simply one of a considerable number of labor-market differences27 “Geographical mobility( Para. 1)”as used in the passage, refers to ________.A the way in which Americans tend to move from job to jobB the penchant wage-earners have to maximize family welfareC the necessity to relocate in order to increase wagesD all of the above28 The difference between a ‘tied-stayer’ and a ‘tied-mover’ is that ________.A the primary earner is forced to search for work in a specific areawhile the secondary earner is freer to roam aboutB the former is obliged to remain in an area while the latter is notC the former is the wife and the later is the husbandD the latter’s salary is of secondary importance to the former’ssalary29 With which of the following statements would the author agree?A The size of the labor market determines recompense.B The size of the labor market determines acquired skills utilization.C The size of the labor market determines the probability of matchingskills with appropriate wage level.D All of the above.30 The names and dates between parentheses ________.A refer to bibliographical entriesB explain who discussed what and when they discussed itC are references to what the author has readD may be described by all of the abovePart II. Vocabulary and Structure （40x0.5=20points）Section A: In this section, there are 20 incomplete sentences, each with four items marked A, B, C and D. Choose one item that best completes the sentence and mark your choice on your ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.31.What else does talking frankly and informally mean but an invitation to________ without any career consequence?A. whoop it upB. unload opinionsC. hang aroundD.incur a debt32.The Single in the past, of the _______ego and much-watched answeringmachine, was traditionally at the margin of society: a figure of fun, pity and awe.A. archlyB. gallantlyC. wobblyD. allegedly33. Mr. Smith, who was worried that the ban might ________ on the rights oflaw-abiding gun owners, had already voted against the bill.A. infringeB. IntegrateC. InferiorD. incorporate34. This event is called a party --- a place where one _______ withoutworrying about being judged by the cold standard of professionalusefulness.A. rest upB. fork outC. pull backD. let loose35. A host of other singles services have sprung up, from dogwalkers toalarm systems to agencies that will water your plants or bring you aspirin and coffee when you’re _________.A. hung aroundB. hung overC. hung upD. hung on36. The layout of space characteristic of French cities is only one aspect ofthe theme of centralization that ______ French culture.A. fantasizesB. internalizesC. socializesD. characterizes37. In the United States, cities are usually laid out along a grid, streets andbuildings are numbered __________.A. quintessentiallyB.archaeologicallyC. sequentiallyD. dysfunctionally38. In middle-class America, specific spaces are _________ for specific activities.A. populatedB. dominatedC. designatedD. validated39. This pattern has been used for thousands of years, as demonstrated bythe archaeological evidence _______ in ancient Indian cities.A. undefinedB. uncoveredC. undoneD. untitled40. Today about a fifth of all married couples still ______ the old-stylemarriage in which the wife stays home to raise children and thehusband works.A. opt withB. opt toC. opt forD. opt against41. He doesn't conform to the usual ________ of the city businessman with adark suit and rolled umbrella.A. stereotypeB. controversyC. geneticsD.custody42. They were told to take whatever action they ________ necessary.A. seemedB. inhibitedC. prohibitedD.deemed43. When the war broke out, a large number of refugees crossed the border,seeking _______ in the neighboring country.A. caseworkB. smugnessC. sancturyD.riff44. We should strengthen regulation, prevent and ______ financial risks so asto provide better banking services for economic and social development.A. plunkB. defuseC. violateD. strive45. Bothered by terrorism, world leaders are now united in their _____ forpeace.A. questB. intimacyC. validationD.condo46. With his prison record and la ck of experience, he’s already got two_____ against him when he applies for a job.A. advantagesB. aspirationsC. strikesD. knockers47. Robert has developed a ________ on his shoulder about not going touniversity because of his poor family.A. chopB. carpC. chipD. chaw48. New computer systems have made old methods of data processing_______ .A. unfazedB. pretentiousC. substantiveD. obsolete49. Although they are always at the center of things, they tend to be lonersand are ____ to stress when life becomes difficult.A. proneB. aboutC. motiveD. sturdy50. In recent years, young parents, female professionals, andwell-educated parents are more likely to ______ their children into more equal gender roles.A. perceiveB. dominateC. socializeD.prescribePart BDirections: In this section, there are 20 complete sentences, each with anunderlined part. Replace each underlined word/phrase with one of the four items marked A, B, C and D that best keeps its meaning and mark your choices on your ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.51.In view of the insecurity of online shopping, doing a little bit of researchA.make profitB. deceiveC. get rich quickD.make a deala man.A. clutchedB. intrudedC. excludedD. includedgrowing new discipline of bioethics.A.ProposedB. imposedC. presentedD.representedwould worsen the water shortage problem in North China, in the area of Three Gorges Dam it warned heavy rainfall and could trigger landslides or mudflows,A.vistaB. libidoC. damageD. fusioncaps or dust bunnies are opting to live apart in peace rather than together in stress.A. groanedB. trampedC. strainedD. quarrelledshowing appreciation of the staff.A. reprimandingB. remindingC. commandingD. demandingdebate is taking place in hospitals and nursing homes across thecountry.A.WithB. WithoutC. ForD.Againsttheir procedures.A. coincide withB. agree withC. afflict withD. grapple with59. Doctor’s power to treat with an array of space-age techniques hasA. excelledB. excludedC. exceededD. externalizedEurope’s city housing market.A. opting forB. fighting forC. searching forD. longing forA. condonedB. appalledC. frayedD. gazed at62. With the development of science and technology, some scientistsmoon.A. ordinaryB. unusualC. impulsiveD. devastatingA. beamed with prideB. petered outC. rode the waveD. gotangry64. Both in revolution and in construction we should also learn from foreignforeign experience and copying of foreign models will get us nowhere.A. concurB. useC. attestD. impartA. influentialB. poorC. indigentD.66. We should promote quality-oriented education to cultivate hundreds ofmillions of high-quality workers, tens of millions of specialized personnelA. arrogantB. outgoingC. first-rateD.convincedquentessentially American.A. intelligentB. diligentC. prestigiousD.attractiveflight, which was announced to delay again.A. was acting unreasonablyB. was jumping up anddownC. was laughing heartilyD. was riding the waveassess their relationships with alcohol and their families.A. feistyB. drunkC. mediocreD.teetotalingconsumer behavior.A. happenB. speculateC.chiselD.2参考答案：1- 5 C D B C C6-10 C B C C D11-15 A B C D C16-20 C D A A B21-25 D D C A D26-30 D C D D D31-35BCADB 36-40DCCBC 41-45ADCBA 46-50CCDAC 51-55BCCCD 56-60AABCD 61-65DADBD 66-70CDABA。

考研英语期末试卷真题Introduction:The purpose of this article is to analyze and discuss the structure and content of the final exam paper for the English section of the postgraduate entrance examination (commonly known as the "考研英语期末试卷"). This examination assesses the English language proficiency of candidates who wish to pursue their postgraduate studies in China.Section 1: Reading ComprehensionThe reading comprehension section of the exam aims to evaluate candidates' reading skills and ability to comprehend written texts. The section usually consists of several passages, each followed by a set of questions. The passages cover a wide range of topics, including literature, social sciences, and natural sciences.In this section, candidates need to carefully read each passage and answer the corresponding questions based on their understanding of the texts. The questions are designed to test the candidates' ability to infer meaning, identify main ideas, make inferences, and analyze the author's tone and purpose.Section 2: Listening ComprehensionThe listening comprehension section of the exam assesses candidates' ability to understand spoken English in various contexts, such as academic lectures, conversations, and interviews. The section consists of multiple audio clips, each followed by a set of questions.Candidates are required to listen to the audio clips and answer the questions based on the information they hear. This section aims to test their listening skills, including understanding main ideas, inferring meaning from context, recognizing specific details, and following the development of ideas in a conversation or lecture.Section 3: Vocabulary and GrammarThe vocabulary and grammar section evaluates candidates' knowledge of English vocabulary and grammar rules. This section typically includes multiple-choice questions that test their understanding of word meanings, collocations, idiomatic expressions, and correct usage of grammar structures.Candidates must choose the most appropriate word or phrase to complete a sentence, identify errors in sentence structure, and demonstrate their understanding of various grammatical concepts. This section assesses their ability to effectively apply their knowledge of vocabulary and grammar rules in different contexts.Section 4: WritingThe writing section of the exam requires candidates to demonstrate their writing skills by composing a well-structured and coherent essay on a given topic. The essay should be organized into paragraphs, with a clear introduction, body, and conclusion.Candidates are expected to present their ideas logically, support their arguments with relevant examples or evidence, and use appropriate vocabulary and grammatical structures. This section assesses their ability to express themselves fluently and coherently in written English.Conclusion:The English section of the postgraduate entrance examination plays a crucial role in evaluating candidates' English language proficiency and determining their eligibility for postgraduate studies. The exam paper is designed to test candidates' reading, listening, vocabulary, grammar, and writing skills. By thoroughly understanding the structure and content of the exam paper, candidates can effectively prepare for the exam and increase their chances of success.。

开卷闭卷其他ad if命封线密A. some modern women prefer a life of individual freedom.B. the family is no longer the basic unit of society in present-day Europe.C. some professional people have too much work to do to feel lonely.D. Most Europeans conceive living a single life as unacceptable.5.What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?A. To review the impact of women becoming high earners.B. To contemplate the philosophy underlying individualism.C. To examine the trend of young people living alone.D. To stress the rebuilding of personal relationships.Passage TwoAmerican dramas and sitcoms would have been candidates for prime time several years ago. But those programs －though some remain popular －increasingly occupy fringe times slots on foreign networks. Instead, a growing number of shows produced by local broadcasters are on the air at the best times.The shift counters longstanding assumptions that TV shows produced in the United States would continue to overshadow locally produced shows from Singapore to Sicily. The changes are coming at a time when the influence of the United States on international affairs has annoyed friends and foes alike, and some people are expressing relief that at least on television American culture is no longer quite the force it once was.“There has always been a concern that the image of the world would be shaped too much by American culture,” said Dr. Jo Groebek, director general of the European Institu te for the Media, a non-profit group. Given the choice, he adds, foreign viewers often prefer homegrown shows that better reflect local tastes, cultures and historical events.Unlike in the United States, commercial broadcasting in most regions of the world －including Asia, Europe, and a lesser extent Latin America, which has a long history of commercial TV －is a relatively recent development.A majority of broadcasters in many countries were either state-owned or state-subsidized for much of the last century. Governments began to relax their control in the 1980’s by privatizing national broadcasters and granting licenses to dozens of new commercial networks. The rise of cable and satellite pay-television increased the spectrum of channels.Relatively inexperienced and often financed on a shoestring, these new commercial stations needed hours of programming fast. The cheapest and easiest way to fill airtime was to buy shows from American studios, and the bidding wars for popular shows were fierce.The big American studios took advantage of that demand by raising prices and forcing foreign broadcasters to buy less popular programs if they wanted access to the best-selling shows and movies.“The studio priced themselves out of prime time,” said Harry Evans Sloan, chairman of SBS Broadcasting, a Pan-European broadcaster. Mr. Sloan estimates that over the last decade, the price of American programs has increased fivefold even as the international ratings for these shows have declined.American broadcasters are still the biggest buyers of American-made television shows, accounting for 90% of the $25 billion in 2001 sales. But international sales which totaled $2.5 billion last year often make the difference between a profit and a loss on show. As the pace of foreign sales slows －the market is now growing at 5% a year, down from the double-digit growth of the 1990’s －studio executives are rethinking production costs.6. Which of the following best characterizes the image embodied in American shows?A. Self-contradictoryB. Prejudice-freeC. Culture-loadedD. Audience-targeted7. The intervention of governments in the 1980’s resulted in __________ .A. the patenting of domination shows and moviesB. the emergence of new commercial networksC. the promotion of cable and satellite pay-televisionD. the intense competition coming from the outside8. The phrase “on a shoestring” (Para. 6) most probably means __________.A. in need of capitalB. after a fashionC. on second thoughtsD. in the interests of themselves9. The main reason why American dramas and sitcoms are driven out of prime time is that ____.A. they lose competitivenessB. they are not market-orientedC. they are too much pricedD. they fall short of audience expectations10. American studio producers will give thought to production costs __________.A. if they have no access to popular showsB. because their endeavors come to no availC. since bidding wars are no longer fierceD. as international sales pace slows downPassage ThreeHow shops can exploit people's herd mentality to increase sales1. A TRIP to the supermarket may not seem like an exercise in psychological warfare—but it is. Shopkeepers know that filling a store with the aroma of freshly baked bread makes people feel hungry and persuades them to buy more food than they had intended. Stocking the most expensive products at eye level makes them sell faster than cheaper but less visible competitors. Now researchers are investigating how “swarm intelligence” (th at is，how ants，bees or any social animal，including humans，behave in a crowd) can be used to influence what people buy.2. At a recent conference on the simulation of adaptive behaviour in Rome，Zeeshan-ul-hassan Usmani，a computer scientist from the Florida Institute of Technology，described a new way to increase impulse buying using this phenomenon. Supermarkets already encourage shoppers to buy things they did not realise they wanted: for instance，by placing everyday items such as milk and eggs at the back of the store，forcing shoppers to walk past other tempting goods to reach them. Mr Usmani and Ronaldo Menezes，also of the Florida Institute of Technology, set out to enhance this tendency to buy more by playing on the herd instinct. The idea is that, if a certain product is seen to be popular, shoppers are likely to choose it too. The challenge is to keep customers informed about what others are buying.3. Enter smart-cart technology. In Mr Usmani's supermarket every product has a radio frequency identification tag, a sort of barcode that uses radio waves to transmit information，and every trolley has a scanner that reads this information and relays it to a central computer. As a customer walks past a shelf of goods, a screen on the shelf tells him how many people currently in the shop have chosen that particular product. If the number is high, he is more likely to select it too.6. (C )7. (B)8. (A )9. (C) 10. (D)11. freshly baked bread 12. visible level 13. impulse buying14. screen 15. discounts16.No17. Not given18. No 19. Yes 20. YesPart II. Translation from English to Chinese ( 20 points)中国房价问题近年来一直是社会热门话题。