2012年CATTI二级笔译综合模拟试题及答案

CATTI三级笔译实务模拟题2020年(2)(总分100, 做题时间180分钟)English-Chinese Translation1.It is more than a quarter of a century since the leaders of the world, gathered in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, committed their countries to avoiding "dangerous anthropogenic interference in the climate system" by signing the UN convention on climate change. The case for living up to their words has only become stronger. The level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere grows unremittingly. Average global temperatures have risen, t oo, to about 1°C above those of the pre-industrial era. The science that links the two is incontestable. Recent extreme-weather events, from floods in Hanoi to fires in California, were made more likely by the change that the climate has already undergone. Things will only get worse — perhaps catastrophically so.In a sense the world is already equipped for the task at hand. Wind and solar power have, after huge subsidies, joined nuclear reactors and dams as affordable ways of generating gigawatts of electricity without burning fossil fuels. As our Technology Quarterly this week shows, parts of the energy system not easily electrified—some forms of transport, industrial processes like making steel and cement, heating offices and homes—could also be decarbonized **ing technologies. And policymakers have tools to bring about change, including carbon taxes, regulation, subsidies and, if they choose, command and control.Yet when the parties to the convention on climate change meet again in Katowice, Poland, on December 2nd, it will be against a backdrop not just of rising temperatures but also of rising despair. The problem is obvious: the stakes are huge; solutions are within reach. So why is the response inadequate?The chief reason is that the world has no history of dealing with such a difficult problem, nor the institutions to do so. The harm done by climate change is not visited on the people, or the generations, that have the best chance of acting against it. Those who suffer most harm are and will be predominantly poor and in poor countries. The people called on to pay the costs of reducing that harm are and will be mostly much better off.The better off are more able to adapt to climate change than the poor, and thus have less cause to avoid change. And making the poor wealthy enough to adapt involves economic growth that is still mostly powered by fossil fuels. Although no one should be asked to forgothat growth, it has consequences.What might produce a moment of clarity to break this impasse? Onepossibility is the sheer impact of climate change. Geophysical features of Earth are already being redrawn. The dry edges of the tropics are heading pole wards at about 50km a decade. The line of aridity defining the American West has moved roughly 230km east since 1980. The sea ice in the Arctic is a shadow of its former self. Nobody can know whether the world will one day wake up and cut emissions to zero. Even if it does, the main problem — the stock of greenhouse gases already emitted — will remain. A crash programme to suck carbon dioxide out of the air would take vast resources and years to make a difference.Another spur might be innovation. The world would have many fewer firms developing electric cars were it not for Elon Musk and Tesla. But without policies to spread innovation, such as a carbon tax or subsidy and regulation, inventiveness alone is insufficient. The technology that matters is the technology being used.SSS_TEXT_QUSTI分值: 50答案:1992年，世界各国领导人齐聚里约热内卢，签署了一项有关气候变化的联合国公约，承诺避免“气候系统受到危险的人为干扰”。

2016.11 CATTI 英语二级笔译实务科目试题E-CPassage 1Everyone knows that weddings—the most elaborate and costly form of old school pageantry still acceptable in modern society—are stupid expensive. But it turns out Americans are now blowing even more money than ever before on what’s supposed to be the most magical day of any couple’s life together. Money that, to be honest, could be spent on much, much cooler stuff.The Knot released its annual wedding survey this week, with findings showing that couples are spending a mind-numbing average of $32,641 on matrimonial celebrations. The study includes data from nearly 18,000 pairs across the country. While the cost of a wedding varied greatly from city to city—reaching a nauseating high of $82,300 in Manhattan—the price was steep no matter where couples chose to get hitched. All this despite the fact that weddings (and marriages in general, honestly) can be a fairly impractical thing to invest in. Seriously, even 50 Cent doesn’t spend as much in a day as you’re spending on a reception band alone. Think about that.So rather than buying into the Marriage Industrial Complex on a union that may or may not work out, wouldn’t it make more sense to save your hard-earned money by forgoing the big ceremony for the major expenses you’re likely to face in married life? You know, like a mortgage. Or braces for your wallet-draining children-to-be. And if your fianceé is dead set on a fairytale wedding? You could always just blow your financial load on a plenty fulfilling single life.With nearly $33,000 to spend in the life of a singledom, you could get pretty far when it comes to amenities and entertainment. Perhaps the best part of being free from the shackles of wedding planning is the opportunity to treat yourself. Like, why drop $1,400 on a frilly dress you’ll wear once before it turns to moth food when you can rock the most expensive shoes of the season and look great doing it?And while weddings are supposed to be all about the happy couple, everyone knows that’s bull, because you have to feed your guests and provide them entertainment and put a roof over their heads for a couple of hours and likely go into debt doing it.In addition to simply having fun, there are some more practical ways to spend your wedding purse as well. For instance, purchasing and providing for a nice house cat rather than dropping major dough on finger bling intended for fending off hotties for the rest of your life. Fluffy won’t care if you bring home someone new every weekend—he’ll just hate everyone i ndiscriminately.Passage 2My teenage son recently informed me that there is an Internet quiz to test oneself for narcissism. His friend had just taken it. “How did it turn out?” I asked. “He says he did great!” my son responded. “Hegot the maximum scor e!”When I was a child, no one outside the mental health profession talked about narcissism. People were more concerned by inadequate self-esteem, which at the time was thought to lurk behind nearly every issue. Like so many excesses of the 1970s, the self-love cult spun out of control and is now rampaging through our culture like Godzilla through Tokyo.A 2010 study in the journal Social Psychological and Personality Science found that the proportion of college students exhibiting narcissistic personality traits –based on their scores on the Narcissistic Personality Inventory, a widely used diagnostic test – has increased by more than half since the early 1980s, to 30 per cent.In their book, The Narcissism Epidemic, psychology professors show that narcissism has increased as quickly as obesity has since the 1980s. Even our egos are getting fat. This is a costly problem. While full-blown narcissists often report high levels of personal satisfaction, they create havoc and misery around them. There is overwhelming evidence linking narcissism with reduced honesty and increased aggression. It’s notable for occasions like Valentine’s Day that narcissists struggle to stay committed to romantic partners, in no small part because they find themselves superior.The full-blown narcissist might reply, “So what?” But narcissism isn’t an either-or characteristic. It’s more of a set of progressive symptoms (like alcoholism) than an identifiable state (like diabetes). Millions of Americans exhibit symptoms, but still have a conscience and a hunger for moral improvement. At the very least, they really do not want to be terrible people.A healthy self-love that leads to true happiness builds up one’s intrinsic well-being, as opposed to feeding shallow cravings to be admired. Cultivating amour de soi requires being fully alive at this moment, as opposed to being virtually alive while wondering what others think. The soulful connection with another person, the enjoyment of a beautiful hike alone, or a prayer of thanks over your sleeping child could be considered expressions of self-love.C—EPassage 1浙江杭州是风景秀美之地，也是创新活力之城。

CATTI 三级笔译实务全真模拟题（附参考译文）Section 1: English-Chinese Translation (50 points)第一部分：英汉翻译（50分）Translate the following passage into Chinese.①In Aaron Walsh's course on Collaborative Computing at Boston College, students learn how to work in teams to program software. It's not an easy class, but Walsh sees his students only once at the start of the semester. After that, they work in a virtual 3-D world, which Walsh - a former video game programmer - helped design. Logging in via their PCs or laptops, the professor and students interact and work together as digital avatars - just like they would in programs like Second Life, using voice - over - Internet to talk or ask questions. The class is part of a fast - growing movement to apply state - of - the - art computer - game technology to U.S. college learning. Similar experiments have been conducted at Harvard, Amherst and MIT.②Long gone are the days when “online education” meant little more than digitized correspondence courses. Today it features videos and podcasts, blogs and live chats, Webcams and wikis, and online courses are becoming ever more popular. This fall, more than 4 million students in the United States will take at least one course online, says Frank Mayadas, an expert on education technology at the Sloan Foundation in New York. America's biggest online school, the University of Phoenix, has grown from 80,000 students in 2000 to 345,000 students today and is on track to reach 500,000 by 2010.③Already popular with universities, which see such programs a way to boost enrollment and revenue, and with students, who love the flexibility and the lower tuition costs, online learning has gotten another big boost from the high price of gas, Four out of five U.S. college students now commute to campus every day, and admissions officers say fuel costs have helped push up online enrollment by 100 percent at some colleges in the past year.④Many such programs are also shedding their second-class status. Elite U.S.colleges like MIT and Stanford have begun offering a growing number of degrees online, Stanford alone now boasts more than 50 different online master's programs, most of them in engineering and science, which have no physical classroom component but which Stanford claims are just as good as its on-campus offerings. A few schools, like the State University of New York and the University of Illinois, have abolished the separation of online from campus programs entirely, awarding the same degree for both. The next step: allowing students themselves to mix and match campus and online coursework at will.⑤Employers have been slow to catch on; while 83 percent of U.S. hiring managers said in a June survey that online degrees are more accepted today than five years ago, only 35 percent considered them equal to traditional degrees. Indeed, there is no good virtual replacement yet for hands -on study in subjects like physics, biology or anatomy, which require physical contact materials. Some educators are also skeptical, complaining about the for-profit nature of many online programs and the fact that they fail to replicate free-flowing conversations. “You lose something by not having human contact,” says Anita Levy of the American Association of University Professors.⑥Yet other experts argue that Web-based learning is actually closer to students’ future on-the-job realities. “Much business is now conducted online,” says Mayadas. “Education is mimicking the way we conduct business, communicate and exchange ideas today.”⑦The future of online learning, Mayadas says, lies in “blended”programs that combine faculty face time with the flexibility of online teaching. The move to such hybrids will be driven by students questioning why they should sit in lectures taking notes three times a week when they can go once and do the rest at their own pace online. Universities and colleges, for their part, like the fact that mixed programs allow them to cut down on physical classes, saving money and creating space for more students.⑧Blended programs will also go a long way toward meeting the critics who contend that digital learning will never replace the campus experience. By combiningface -to -face interaction with new online options in more powerful ways, these programs should offer the best of both worlds - rendering moot today's debate over whether virtual or in - person degrees are best.【参考译文】①艾伦·沃什在波士顿学院开设的“协同计算”课程教学生如何以团队形式编写软件这门课不简单，但沃什只在每学期开始时见学生一次，之后都在虚拟的3D 世界授课。

catti三级笔译综合能力考试试题及答案解析(二)一、Vocabulary Selection（本大题20小题．每题1.0分，共20.0分。

In this part, there are 20 incomplete sentences. Below each sentence, there are four words or phrases respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence. There is only one right answer. ）第1题More has been learned about the Moon than any other of the Earth''s neighbors in space because of the Apollo program, which enabled men to walk on the Moon and bring back hundreds of pounds of________.A rocksB rockC stoneD stones【正确答案】：A【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】近义辨析。

stone是最常用词，可指任何石头；rock指岩石，具有可研究价值，可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词，在此应用可数名词的复数。

第2题________the variety that the average family has in beef, fish, poultry, and vegetarian recipes, they find most meals unexciting.A In spiteB InspiteC Despite ofD Despite【正确答案】：D【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】习语辨析。

全国翻译专业二级口译证书（Catti2）备考指南翻译口译专业的学生，最绕不开的考试当属全国翻译专业资格证书（catti）和上海高级口译证书。

2019年，我分别于5月和11月通过了二口和二笔考试，在此分享一下常见备考问题和个人快速备考的经验。

我是翻译专业出身，17年在英国读口译研究生。

回国后的主业虽然和英语相关，但口译实践较少，所以备考以熟悉题型、找到口译临场的状态为主。

本文也比较适合MTI在读生或从事英语相关工作，有一定翻译口译基础的知友们参考。

成绩单如下：一、常见问题1、catti系列考试有啥用？catti考试不仅包括英语，还包括日、韩、法、德等小语种。

catti口、笔译资格证是官方唯一认定的翻译职业资格考试，相比上海高口证书在长三角地区的接受度，这个考试在全国范围内的接受程度更高，也是对考生翻译能力的检验。

在很多翻译类职位的招聘要求中，拥有catti二口及以上的资格证书也是一条硬门槛。

另外，根据人事部相关规定，二级口、笔译证书可以评定企事业单位的中级职称。

2.非英语专业可以报考吗？catti三级和二级报考不限专业，但从19年开始，官网报名需要进行教育部学历认证（学信网），审核时间在24h以内。

我个人不是很清楚其他学历或社会报考的条件。

参加catti一级口笔译考试，需要先获得同类考试的二级证书。

3、通过catti考试是否等于职业译员？catti考试中的实务部分尽可能还原了交替传译的现场，但与实际工作还是有很大差别。

获得catti二级证书只是拿到了一块敲门砖，考生还需要在实践中总结经验，积累人脉，才能成为真正的职业翻译。

4、考试时间和形式？每年两次考试，分别在6月和11月，一般提前2个月左右在官网报名，基本全国的直辖市和省会城市均有考点。

考试前一周打印准考证。

相关信息可以关注微博@ CATTI考试资料与资讯2020年受疫情影响，上半年6月的考试已确定顺延。

从2018年开始，全国范围内的catti考试改革为机考。

2011年5月翻译考试二级笔译实务原文第一篇英译汉Farms go out of business for many reasons, but few farms do merely because the soil has failed. That is the miracle of farming. If you care for the soil, it will last —and yield —nearly forever. America is such a young country that we have barely tested that. For most of our history, there has been new land to farm, and we still farm as though there always will be.Still, there are some very old farms out there. The oldest is the Tuttle farm, near Dover, N.H., which is also one of the oldest business enterprises in America. It made the news last week because its owner —a lineal descendant of John Tuttle, the original settler — has decided to go out of business. It was founded in 1632. I hear its sweet corn is legendary.The year 1632 is unimaginably distant. In 1632, Galileo was still publishing, and John Locke was born. There were perhaps 10,000 colonists in all of America, only a few hundred of them in New Hampshire. The Tuttle acres, then, would have seemed almost as surrounded as they do in 2010, but by forest instead of highways and houses.It was a precarious operation at the start —as all farming was in the new colonies—and it became precarious enough again in these past few years to peter out at last. The land is protected by a conservation easement so it can’t be developed, but no one knows whether the next owner will farm it.In a letter on their Web site, the Tuttles cite “exhaustion of resources”as the reason to sell the farm. The exhausted resources they list include bodies, minds, hearts, imagination, equipment, machinery and finances. They do not mention soil, which has been renewed and redeemed repeatedly.It is too simple to say, as the Tuttles have, that the recession killed a farm that had survived for nearly 400 years. What killed it was the economic structure of food production. Each year it has become harder for family farms to compete with industrial scale agriculture — heavily subsidized by the government — underselling them at every turn. In a system committed to the health of farms and their integration with local communities, the result would have been different. In 1632, and for many years after, the Tuttle farm was a necessity. In 2010, it is suddenly superfluous, or so we like to pretend.尽管导致农民破产的原因有很多，但很少农民仅仅是因为土地失去肥力而破产，这可以算是一个农业奇迹。

2010年5月CATTI二级笔译综合能力测试完型填空原文以及答案When We Talk About Privacy——by Ruth Suli UrmanWhen we talk about privacy issues with teenagers, what are we really talking about? Most importantly, trust. It's only natural for adolescents growing into their teen years, to want some privacy, some alone time, where they can think about who they are becoming, who they want to be and perhaps, just to relax and be out of earshot of the rest of the world. Teens, like adults, work hard too. And when we consider how much socializing they are forced to do, when they attend school all day, sometimes they just want to come home, go into their room, close the door and just listen to the music of their choice. As adults, it helps to remember not to take these things personally.We also need to remember that teenagers can experience "bad" days, too. In giving them the space to be irritable or sad, without demanding that they put on a cheerful face and façade - as we certainly can't expect anything from them that we don't expect from ourselves! - we are honoring their feelings, as we honor our own feelings.Keeping journals, having private conversations with their friends on the phone, and wanting some alone time is a teen's way of becoming who they are. They are slipping into their bodies, their minds, and their distinct individualities. It helps to remember what it was like to be a teen: the writing we may not have wanted to show our parents, the conversations with friends about "crushes," the times that we wanted to listen to The Beatles when our parents only wanted to hear classical music.It is helpful to think about how we want to be treated, as an adult. Remember: respect is earned, not taken for granted. In order to expect our teenagers to be respectful of us, we must be their teachers and their guides, so that they can mirror our behavior. They will give us back what we are giving them, even without consciously thinking about it. What happens if they "hole" themselves up and we never see their lovely faces? As a beginning, in balancing their alone time, we can reach out and make the time to gather the family together, such as meal times, to create communication. This way our children don't end up living their lives behind closed bedroom doors (where we miss out on their childhood years).Coming together as a family is important, too. There is an immense feeling of satisfaction knowing that we are not strangers to our children, and they are not strangers to us. If there is any concern about what they are doing when you are not with them, find a good time and place where they are comfortable (and you are feeling relaxed about talking) and tell them about your concerns. Life is a series of balances, and in the instance of privacy, we can balance that too. Let them know in a loving way how much you care and perhaps share one of your own teenage stories.In teaching them to balance their privacy needs, there is nothing wrong with asking them questions about where they are going, and expecting them to honor our house rules about curfew, etc. We are still the parents and if we decide we need more information about their friends, by all means, take notes on where they are headed off to, or better yet, offer to be a part of their lives, as much as they are willing to let you in: personally meet their friends' parents; become active in their school. It's a great way to find out about their friendships-which are invaluable to teens, and to foster a close relationship with our teenagers - especially if we come from a place of love and caring and not from a sense of snooping or spying.实务英译汉－必译题In the European Union, carrots must be firm but not woody, cucumbers must not be too curved and celery has to be free of any type of cavity. This was the law, one that banned overly curved, extra-knobbly or oddly shaped produce from supermarket shelves.But in a victory for opponents of European regulation, 100 pages of legislation determining the size, shape and texture of fruit and vegetables have been torn up. On Wednesday, EU officials agreed to axe rules laying down standards for 26 products, from peas to plums.In doing so, the authorities hope they have killed off regulations routinely used by critics - most notably in the British media - to ridicule the meddling tendencies of the EU.After years of news stories about the permitted angle or curvature of fruit and vegetables, the decision Wednesday also coincided with the rising price of commodities. With the cost of the weekly supermarket visit on the rise, it has become increasingly hard to defend the act of throwing away food just because it looks strange.Beginning in July next year, when the changes go into force, standards on the 26 products will disappear altogether. Shoppers will the be able to chose their produce whatever its appearance.Under a compromise reached with national governments, many of which opposed the changes, standards will remain for 10 types of fruit and vegetables, including apples, citrus fruit, peaches, pears, strawberries and tomatoes.But those in this category that do not meet European norms will still be allowed onto the market, providing they are marked as being substandard or intended for cooking or processing."This marks a new dawn for the curvy cucumber and the knobbly carrot," said Mariann Fischer Boel, European commissioner for agriculture, who argued that regulations were better left to market operators."In these days of high food prices and general economic difficulties," Fischer Boel added, "consumers should be able to choose from the widest range of products possible. It makes no sense to throw perfectly good products away, just because they are the 'wrong' shape."That sentiment was not shared by 16 of the EU's 27 nations - including Greece, France, the Czech Republic, Spain, Italy and Poland - which tried to block the changes at a meeting of the Agricultural Management Committee.Several worried that the abolition of standards would lead to the creation of national ones, said one official speaking on condition of anonymity because of the sensitivity of the discussions.Copa-Cogeca, which represents European agricultural trade unions and cooperatives, also criticized the changes. "We fear that the absence of EU standards will lead member states to establish national standards and that private standards will proliferate," said its secretary general, Pekka Pesonen.But the decision to scale back on standards will be welcomed by euro-skeptics who have long pilloried the EU executive's interest in intrusive regulation.One such controversy revolved around the correct degree of bend in bananas - a type of fruit not covered by the Wednesday ruling.In fact, there is no practical regulation on the issue. Commission Regulation (EC) 2257/94 says that bananas must be "free from malformation or abnormal curvature," though Class 1 bananas can have "slight defects of shape" and Class 2 bananas can have full "defects of shape."By contrast, the curvature of cucumbers has been a preoccupation of European officials. Commission Regulation (EEC) No 1677/88 states that Class I and "Extra class" cucumbers are allowed a bend of 10 millimeters per 10 centimeters of length. Class II cucumbers can bend twice as much.It also says cucumbers must be fresh in appearance, firm, clean and practically free of any visible foreign matter or pests, free of bitter taste and of any foreign smell.Such restrictions will disappear next year, and about 100 pages of rules and regulations will go as well, a move welcomed by Neil Parish, chairman of the European Parliament's agriculture committee. "Food is food, no matter what it looks like," Parish said. "To stop stores selling perfectly decent food during a food crisis is morally unjustifiable. Credit should be given to the EU agriculture commissioner for pushing through these proposals. Consumers care about the taste and quality of food, not how it looks."参考译文In the European Union, carrots must be firm but not woody, cucumbers must not be too curved and celery has to be free of any type of cavity. This was the law, one that banned overly curved, extra-knobbly or oddly shaped produce from supermarket shelves.在欧盟，市场出售的胡萝卜必须脆而不糠，黄瓜也不能太弯，芹菜一点空心都不能有。

catti二级笔译综合能力试题及答案解析(一)一、Vocabulary Selection（本大题8小题．每题1.0分，共8.0分。

In this part, there are 20 incomplete sentences. Below each sentence, there are four words or phrases respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence. There is only one right answer. ）第1题Since the shipment consists of seasonable goods, it is important that it is ________as soon as possible.A deletedB demandedC deliveredD detached【正确答案】：C【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】形近识别。

deliver递送，传送(包裹、货物)：We deliver(your order)to your door．我们送货上门。

delete删除或删略(文字)：The editor deleted the last paragraph from the article．编辑删除了文章的最后一段。

demand要求，请求：The workers are demanding better pay．工人要求提高工资。

detach拆开，分开：Detach a link from a chain．从链子上拆下一个链环。

第2题Primitive superstitions that feed racism should be ________ through education.A ignoredB exaltedC eradicatedD canceled【正确答案】：C【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】词义辨析。

2024年英语二级笔译（CATTI 2）实务真题及参考译文Section 1: English-Chinese Translation【原文】①Mortgage rates dropped again this week, after plunging nearly half a percentage point last week. The 30-year fixed-rate mortgage averaged 6. 58 percent in the week ending November 23, down from 6. 61 percent the week before. A year ago, the 30-year fixed rate was 3. 10 percent. Mortgage rates rose throughout most of 2022, spurred by the Federal Reserve's unprecedented campaign of hiking interest rates in order to tame soaring inflation. But last week, rates tumbled aimed reports that indicated ion may have finally reached its peak.This volatility is making it difficult for potential home buyers to know, when to get into the market, and that is reflected in the latest data which shows existing home sales slowing across all price points. Mortgage rates tend to track the yield on 10-year US Treasury bonds. As investors see or anticipate rate hikes, they make moves which send yields higher and mortgage rates rise. The 10-year Treasury has been hovering in a lower range of 3. 7 percent to 3. 85 percent. That has led to a big reset in investors expectations about future interest rate hikes. Prior to that, the 10-year Treasury had risen above 4. 2 percent. However, the market maybe be a bit too quick to celebrate the improvement in inflation.At the Fed's November meeting, chairman Jerome Powell to the need for ongoing rate hikes to tame inflation. This could mean that mortgage rates may climb again, and that risk goes up if next month's inflation reading comes in on the higher side while it's difficult to time the market in order to get a low mortgage rate, plenty of would be home buyers are seeing a window of opportunity. Following generally higher mortgage rates throughout the course of 2022, the recent swing in buyers favor is welcome and could save the buyer of a median-priced home more than Us s100 per month relative to what they would have paid when rates were above 7 percent justtwo weeks ago.As a result of the drop in mortgage rates, both purchase and refinance applications picked up slightly last week. But refinance activity is still more than 80 percent below last years pace when rates were around 3. However, with week-to-week swings in mortgage rates averaging nearly three times those seen in a typical year and home prices still historically high, many potential shoppers have pulled back. A long-term housing shortage is keeping home prices high, even as the number of homes on the market for sales has increased, and buyers and sellers may find it more challenging align expectations on price.【参考译文】①继上周大幅下降近半个百分点之后，本周抵押贷款利率再度走低。

CATTI三级笔译综合能力模拟题2020年(1)(总分100,考试时间120分钟)Cloze TestDo students learn as much when they read digitally as they do in print? For both parents and teachers, knowing **puter-based media are improving or【C1】______ education is a question of concern. With the surge in【C2】______ of e-books, online learning and open educational resources, investigators have been trying to determine whether students do 【C3】______ well when reading an assigned text on a digital screen as【C4】______ paper. The answer【C5】______ the question, however, needs far more than a yes-no response.In my research, I **pared the ways in which we read in print and onscreen. Between 2013 and 2015, I gathered data from 429 university students【C6】______ from five countries (the U.S., Japan, Germany, Slovenia and India).The students in my study reported that print was【C7】______ more enjoyable, 【C8】______ things such as "I like the smell of paper" or that reading in print is "real reading". What's more, print gave them a sense of where they were in the book — they could "see" and "feel"【C9】______ in the text.Print was also judged to be【C10】______ on the eyes and less【C11】______ to encourage multitasking than digital reading. Almost half the **plained【C12】______ eyestrain from reading digitally ("my eyes burn"), and 67 percent indicated they were likely to multitask while reading digitally (compared with 41 percent when reading print).At the same time, respondents praised digital reading on【C13】______ counts, 【C14】______ the ability to read in the dark, 【C15】______ of finding material ("plenty of quick information"), saving paper and even the fact they could multitask【C16】______ reading.But the bigger question is whether students are learning as much when they read onscreen.A number of researchers have sought to measure learning by asking people to read a passage of text, 【C17】______ in print or on a digital device, and then testing **prehension.Most studies have found that participants scored about the same when reading in each【C18】______, though a few have indicated that students performed better on tests when they read in print.The problem, however, with learning-measurement studies is that their notion of "learning" has tended to be simplistic. Reading passages and answering questions【C19】______ maybe a familiar tool in standardized testing, but tells us little about any deeper level of understanding.In my view, 【C20】______ short-and-to-the-point materials may be a good fit for digital consumption, it's not the sort of reading likely to nurture the critical thinking we still talk about asa hallmark of university education.1. 1.【C1】3. 3.【C3】4. 4.【C4】5. 5.【C5】6. 6.【C6】7. 7.【C7】8. 8.【C8】9. 9.【C9】10. 10.【C10】11. 11.【C11】12. 12.【C12】13. 13.【C13】14. 14.【C14】15. 15.【C15】16. 16.【C16】17. 17.【C17】18. 18.【C18】19. 19.【C19】20. 20.【C20】V ocabulary Selection21. 21.With global oil prices______, the new cabinet raised domestic fuel and power prices.A. sneakingB. soaringC. soakingD. spinning22. 22.He kept making______remarks instead of straight forward yes-or-no replies.A. ambiguousB. advantageousC. ambitiousD. adventurous23. 23.It was______that the restaurant discriminated against black customers.A. assaultedB. ascribedC. addictedD. alleged24. 24.It gives an opportunity to reflect a lot, ______a lot about not only your own daily activities, but just what's going on in the world around you.A. contaminateB. contemplateC. consolidateD. contradict25. 25.Our journey was slow because the train stopped______at different villages.B. graduallyC. continuouslyD. continually26. 26.The seller shall not______any information relating to this order to any person not entitled to receive it.A. discoverB. uncoverC. revengeD. disclose27. 27.Different cultural backgrounds and values have deep influence on the______mode and the creation of the advertisement.A. expressiveB. efficientC. impressiveD. intensive28. 28.A new study shows that while mulling over a few options may weigh heavily on your mind, finally choosing one may just plain wear you______.A. downB. outC. offD. away29. 29.There is still a vast economic______between developing countries and the United States.A. cheatB. chasmC. chaseD. charm30. 30.You should not______your father's advice. Anyway he is much more experienced than you in this matter.A. deduceB. deliberateC. defyD. denounce31. ually the suspects will protest their innocence at first, and then______.A. acknowledgeB. recognizeC. concedeD. confess32. 32.This time he established war exploits, and his status grew______.A. chieflyB. correctlyC. currentlyD. eminently33. 33.The ideological make-up of the union is now______different from what it had been.A. restrictivelyB. radicallyC. inclusivelyD. intensively34. 34.The______lawyer asked that the charge against his client should be dismissed.A. protectingB. guardingC. shieldingD. defending35. 35.No doubt many will regard these as harsh words, but______they are true.A. gravelyB. forciblyC. regrettablyD. graciously36. 36.At every stage of processing, products and materials should be protected from microbial and other______.A. configurationB. constitutionC. condemnationD. contamination37. 37.I will______my barns and build bigger ones, and there I will store all my grain and my goods.A. tear offB. tear outC. tear awayD. tear down38. 38.Another way of making______less likely is to reduce the amount of choice we have: often when people are afraid of making the wrong choice they end up doing nothing.A. deliberationB. slownessC. punctualityD. procrastination39. 39.Public's trust in government is necessary and______for building a harmonious society.A. incompatibleB. incredibleC. indefiniteD. indispensable40. 40.One American study found that in a single year's teaching the top 10 % of teachers_____ three times as much learning to their pupils as the worst 10 % do.A. rescueB. witnessC. transmitD. bequeathV ocabularly Replacement41. 41.The space shuttle program entails the use of sophisticated technology.A. enhancesC. createsD. involves42. 42.If police are carrying arms as a matter of course then doesn't it encourage criminals to carry them?A. automaticallyB. obviouslyC. traditionallyD. resignedly43. 43.Overuse of those drugs, coupled with poor diet, leads to physical degeneration.A. followed byB. deriving fromC. combined withD. mixed with44. 44.Mary McCarthy's satires are couched in the prose style that has a classic precision.A. fusedB. prefacedC. expressedD. standardized45. 45.It would be futile to sustain his life when there is no chance of any improvement.A. encouragingB. unpleasantC. helpfulD. pointless46. 46.He was not a great talker, but he was quite a mild, affable sort of man.A. despondentB. irresponsibleC. agreeableD. uncertain47. 47.This meeting will highlight recent advances in the application of genomics techniques to the study of epigenetics.A. revealB. emphasizeC. play downD. indicate48. 48.About 2 percent of the population suffers from allergies to the venom from bees, wasps and hornets.A. fluidB. ejectionC. biteD. poison49. 49.The Wright brothers conceived the design of the first successful motor-powered plane.A. receivedB. believedD. conceptualized50. 50.These are malicious acts of aggression, abductions and wanton killing.A. deceptiveB. keenC. criticalD. hateful51. 51.Magician Robersdee takes you through some basic sleight of hand and other magic tricks.A. useB. involvementC. skillD. touch52. 52.The chapter one discusses the primal religion and the dissemination of Christianity in the Rome-Britain period.A. obtainableB. fundamentalC. workableD. instinctive53. 53.These sundry calamities in the West have provided **mentators with an unmissable chance to unveil Western hypocrisy.A. concealB. uncoverC. sweepD. prevail54. 54.The CIA has refused to say whether Haspel had direct involvement in the use of controversial techniques or what her role was in drawing up orders to destroy videotapes that documented their use.A. contentiousB. committedC. comparativeD. competent55. 55.The pharmacy industry insists that worries over error rates are overblown.A. overchargedB. exaggeratedC. reasonableD. unusual56. 56.Extrapolating from his American findings, he reckons about 80% of these deaths might be attributed to smoking.A. be diverted toB. be due toC. be worsened byD. be corrected by57. 57.He worked as a banana vendor at a market in East Jakarta where poultry meat was sold.A. agentC. sellerD. advertiser58. 58.When you cook at home, experts counsel to use only half the salt the recipe calls for.A. consultB. inquireC. contactD. advise59. 59.While the world is agog over international transmission of the swine flu, let me take this teachable moment to remind people, animals bite back.A. eagerB. openC. timidD. bold60. 60.Shot on the sly in Greece last summer, the movie talked about Celine and Jesse's reunion after nine years and they reignite their relationship.A. hastilyB. happilyC. sneakilyD. openlyError Correction61. 61.What an unusual news it is! I can't believe my ears that the famous writer **e to my city.A. WhatB. What aC. HowD. How an62. 62.The UK became the first non-Asian country to join the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), before that more than 30 other countries joined, including Germany and France.A. before whichB. among thatC. after whichD. which63. 63.Restaurant industry leaders have blamed fair pay movements for the rise of restaurant automation, with the assumption that using more robots equal to employing fewer human workers.A. equals toB. equalC. equalsD. equivalent to64. 64.It will not be worthy much if only the most enlightened firms abide by the rules.A. be worthwhileB. worthC. be worthD. be worthless65. 65.Miss Zhang was not more than just an English teacher, because she also taught me invaluable lessons in life.A. less thanC. more thanD. no more than66. 66.Each child to the classroom was given a gift on Children's Day, it was specially prepared for the occasion.A. of whichB. thatC. asD. which67. 67.Good news was sometimes released prematurely, with the American recapture of the port having announced half a day before the defenders actually surrendered.A. announcingB. announcedC. was announcedD. have been announced68. 68.According to the latest news from Tiantai County, Taizhou City, Zhejiang Province, a foot bath shop broke out fire, being injured at least 18 people.A. having been injuredB. having injuredC. injuredD. injuring69. 69.I know what you will join me in expressing our deep condolences to the people of Haiti and our gratitude to the many who are rushing to provide assistance.A. whenB. whetherC. whoD. /70. 70.—"Why are you so sure that Ann didn't commit the crime she's been accused of committing?" —"She mustn't **mitted that crime because I was with her, and we were out of town on that day."A. may not **mittedB. wasn't supposed to commitC. might not **mittedD. couldn't **mitted71. 71.Over the past 30 years, her writings have influenced debates concern animal rights, the environment and evolutionary theory.A. have influenced debates concerningB. have influenced debates concernedC. influence debates concerningD. influence debates have concerned72. 72.She occurred to that she had forgotten to take her notebook when she was asked to write something down.A. That occurred to herB. It occurred thatC. It occurs to her thatD. It occurred to her that73. 73.The UK is desperately short of scientists and engineers, which means science festivals now have a more important role than ever in conveying to young people how science and engineeringcan be a funny and rewarding career.A. a funny and rewardlessB. a funny and rewardedC. a fun and rewardingD. fun and rewarding74. 74.Every time the students are lazy and in arrears with their homework, the teacher in charge of the class will instill chicken soup to the students and always end up with a sentence "time and tide is waited for no man".A. waitedB. waitC. are waitingD. is waiting75. 75.The treatment must continue until this patient reaches the point when he can walk flexibly.A. whereB. whichC. thatD. whose76. 76.Without the friction between our feet and the ground, we may not be able to walk.A. wouldn't beB. wereC. were notD. can't be77. 77.According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, a person driving a typical car is as five times likely to die if hit by a sport-utility vehicle as if hit by another car.A. more than five timesB. five times moreC. five times asD. more five times78. 78.There are three beautiful large old square brown French wood tables.A. square large old French brown woodB. old large square brown French woodC. large square old brown French woodD. large brown old square French wood79. 79.The future of **pany is promising: many of its talented employees are flowing into more profitable net-based business.A. at oddsB. in prospectC. in vainD. at stake80. 80.Globalization has spurred on this trend through the ubiquitous internet to realize wireless connections, affordable devices to collect data, and the ability of easy connection to others.A. to easily connect withB. to easily connect toC. to easy connection withD. of easy connection with阅读理解Last December, visitors arriving in Vail, Colo., ready to kick off the winter ski season, immediately noticed something missing: the snow. The town was lush and green; only Vail Pass, at 10, 617 ft. above sea level, was dusted in the champagne powder Colorado is known for.Climate change has had a direct and aggressive effect on winter tourism — and not just in Vail. In 2016-17, the first frost came two weeks later than the 20th century average, according to data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and the last one nine days earlier. The season was nearly a month shorter than expected, a trend that's been worsening since the 1980s. NOAA's outlook for winter 2018-19 predicts warmer, drier and milder conditions across the US.Those working in ski towns and at resorts do not need meteorologists to tell them that; they can see the effects in their business. "Last year, we had radically less snow — our lowest snow year in 50 years, " says Auden Schendler, the Senior Vice President of Sustainability at Aspen Skiing Company in Aspen, Colo. "In low-snow years, you see about a billion dollars less in revenue." Those years also cost ski regions 17, 400 jobs, according to the 2018 economic report from Protect Our Winters, a nonprofit environmental organization.It's not just that there's less snow; it's that snow patterns are so unpredictable, ski towns, resorts and businesses can't count on conditions necessary for financial stability. To be considered "snow reliable, " a ski area must have more than 30 cm of snow depth (natural and man-made) during 100 days or during the entire Christmas through New Year's holiday period in at least seven out of 10 years. By those standards, all of the northeastern states (except Vermont) are projected to lose at least half of their ski areas, according to a review in the journal Current Issues in Tourism. And if climate change continues apace, 90% of ski resorts in the U.S. won't be able to open by Christmas by 2090.European ski areas have similar problems. By 2099, the Alps could lose up to 70% of their snow cover, according to research published by the European Geosciences Union — and just two to three weeks of operating at a loss could tank a ski area's financial season.In North America, multi-resort ski passes like the Epic Pass and Ikon Pass can help somewhat. "People can book last-minute trips to the resort with the best snow, " says Schendler. "But obviously, last-minute bookings make it harder to plan-for marketing, for occupancy and for projected revenue." Ironically, too much snow can also impact ski resorts. If a massive storm hits, as has happened more frequently, if unpredictably, in recent years, the sudden heavy snowfall can raise the threat of avalanches, leading resorts to shut down runs or even keep patrons indoors.Fluctuating snow patterns haven't completely derailed ski tourism yet. In fact, tourism numbers have remained static for two decades, Schendler says. But scientists and industry veterans feel like they can see a dark future. "At the current rate of warming, the ski industry is probably done by midcentury, " Schendler says. "We're not acting like we are in crisis, but we are."81. 81.This article was written to ______ .A. show some difficulties that the ski industry will meetB. demonstrate the future of the ski industryC. warn people the consequences of global warmingD. explain the relationship between snow and ski resorts82. 82.The word "aggressive" underlined in Paragraph 2 means______.A. angryB. boldC. hostileD. threatening83. 83.NOAA cannot be______.A. a government departmentB. an organization that cares about climate changeC. an organization that can predict changes in weatherD. a military institution84. 84.We can NOT learn from Paragraph 4 that______.A. the snow became less and unpredictableB. the standards which defines what is a "snow reliable ski area"C. all of the northeastern states have lost at least half of their ski areasD. 90% of the ski resorts in the US won't be able to open by the end of this century85. 85.The phrase "shut down" underlined in Paragraph 6 means______.A. to stop opening for businessB. to ask someone to stop talkingC. to keep someone or something inside a placeD. to block the entrances and exits86. 86.Auden Schendler is a (an)______.A. businessmanB. scientistC. officialD. skier87. 87.According to Auden Schendler, ______.A. last-minute trip is the future of the ski industryB. the ski industry is in crisisC. last year's snow was more than this yearD. a massive snow storm could offer some help to the ski industry88. 88.According to the passage, by about______, the ski industry is probably done.A. 2099B. 2050C. 2090D. 207089. 89.The passage is a(n)______.A. reportB. narrationC. expositionD. argumentation90. 90.An appropriate title for the passage should be______.A. A Slippery Slope for Ski Resorts Facing Climate ChangeB. Ski Industry Needs a Turn in this EraC. Global Warming and the Ski IndustryD. Ski and SnowThe American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) just released its updated guidelines for children'sThe recommendations reflect what all parents instinctively know: children need less screen time. The corollary, of course, is that they desperately need more free time to ignite their imaginations, develop a sense of wonder and discover their passions and purpose.While we at Melissa & Doug are thrilled the AAP has created stronger guardrails and suggestions to help parents navigate this challenging terrain, this is only the beginning. Our children are overstimulated, over-scheduled and under pressure to perform academically and beyond school. This diminishes their ability to build creative thinking skills essential to self-discovery. Inventiveness occurs when kids have time for curiosity and exploration. With children spending up to eight hours a day on media devices and additional hours engaging in scheduled activities, opportunities for growth are stifled.What we are not sure about is how to get our kids to want the free, screenless time we know will benefit them. It may sound counter-intuitive but today's kids (and, frankly, many of us) need coaching to experience and discover the benefits of free time.What came easily to parents a few decades ago has become a challenge for our generation. It's not that yesterday's parents knew more about child development; they simply had fewer options. Boredom and downtime were an inescapable part of daily life. Today, boredom and downtime are synonymous with, "I'm bad parent and not doing enough to get my kid ahead."Recently, I had an eye-opening revelation while watching my 11-year-old daughter play in a softball tournament. I have six children and have attended dozens of such tournaments. I know the drill — or thought I did. Families settled in for the day with lawn chairs, coolers, sunscreen and siblings in tow. These spectator brothers and sisters would gradually gravitate toward each other. Games of catch and hide-and-seek began; friendships were formed in the span of an inning. At crucial moments, the newfound friends turned their collective attention to the field to cheer on their teams.Bu that was not happening. Though there were at least 15 children by the sidelines, I did not hear any of them. They sat in a silent huddle using their individual tablets. Even with the score tied in the final inning with runners on base, not a single child watched the game or spoke to each other. The situation was surreal and revealing: Kids have more planned activities and passive entertainment at their fingertips than ever before, but less free time to dream, make-believe and focus on what they truly love.I get that making time for "nothing" is difficult in a world where we're constantly worried our kids will fall behind if they don't excel in sports and academics or rack up "likes" on the latest social media app.But I refuse to sit back and watch this loss of childhood. We are taking back childhood. Imagination needs time and space to blossom.91. 91.What do parents instinctively know about children's media use?A. Updated guideline have been released for children's media use.B. Children are spending more and more time on their tablets and smartphones.C. Children are instinctively good at **puter games.D. The amount of time children spend in front of a screen, including TV, computers and video games should be controlled.92. 92.The underlined word "desperately" in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to______.A. in a desperate wayC. extremelyD. despicably93. 93.What inference can we get from what parents instinctively know?A. Parents need more free time to stimulate their imagination.B. Children are in desperate shortage of time.C. Parents are anxious to stimulate children's imagination and arouse their curiosity.D. Children should cut their screen time and find more time to stimulate their imagination, arouse their curiosity etc.94. 94.The underlined word "thrilled" in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to______.A. very excited and pleasedB. scaredC. frightenedD. interested95. 95.What is the implied meaning of "guardrails" underlined in Paragraph 3?A. Rails that prevents people from falling from a bridge, cliff etc.B. Measures to protect children from losing their imagination.C. Suggestions to help guide parents.D. Ways for children to enrich their life.96. 96.What are the reasons to diminish children's ability to build their creative thinking skills?A. Children are overstimulated and greatly pressured to perform academically.B. Children have too many arrangements and are over-scheduled.C. Children have no enough time for curiosity and exploration.D. All of the above.97. 97.What are the things that we are NOT sure for children's growth?A. How to get children to want free, screenless time themselves.B. How to get children to benefit themselves.C. How to make children find more free, screenless time.D. How to make children to develop their creative skills.98. 98.What are the challenges for parents of young generation?A. They know a little about child development.B. They have too many options.C. They do not know how to fill in free time.D. They do not know how to get rid of boredom and downtime.99. 99.In Paragraph 6 and 7, the author talked about his experience with his children watching a softball tournament. What does the author want to illustrate from this example?A. The author wants to show the differences between parents in the past and nowadays.B. The author wants to show how what came easily to parents a few decades ago has become a challenge for our generation.C. The author wants to show how parents today are trying to help their kids escape from boredom and downtime.D. The author wants to show how parents today are making every effort to get their kids ahead. 100. 100.What revelation does the author find from his experience?A. Children played games of catch and hide-and-seek, and formed their friendship shortly.B. At crucial moments of the tournament, children would pay their attention to the field to cheer on their teams.C. Children have their own planned activities and entertainment at their fingertips and have less free time to focus on what they truly love.D. Parents should be worried if their kids do not excel in sports and academics.The ambitious mayor of a big city backs a project to put a garden on a bridge. Acelebrated designer is appointed and seductive images released. It **pared to the High Line in New York — that urban phenomenon envied as much by rival cities as the Eiffel Tower once was. It provokes controversy.This much the Skygarden in Seoul has in common with Garden Bridge in London, but then their stories diverge. Where the London version has foundered, the Korean one will be opened this Saturday by Mayor Park Won-soon, a former activist who built his career on opposing both corruption and the conservative establishment, and supporting human rights.There are significant differences in the conception and execution of the two projects. They vary in cost (about ￡40m for the Skygarden and ￡200m-plus for the Garden Bridge) and, where the London project has spent many years not happening, the Seoul one has taken two years to take shape since its Dutch architects, MVRDV, were appointed in 2015.Where the Garden Bridge would have been a cherry on the already rich cake that is the center of London, the Skygarden aims to regenerate and connect places near the main railway station that have been fragmented by roads and rail tracks. The Skygarden, which will be open to all 24 hours a day, re-uses an existing structure —like the High Line —in the form of a 1970 motorway flyover that was no longer deemed safe for its original purpose.It is also part of a bigger set of ideas about taking a big, dense — sometimes ugly — city, one which was created without a great deal of concern for public space and pedestrian movement, and giving it qualities of walkability, neighborliness, human scale and shared enjoyment of its places. To this end, the mayor has encouraged a range of public works and created the post of city architect to help make them happen.The Skygarden is one of the more eye-catching examples of several initiatives promoted by the first holder of this job, Seung H-Sang, and his successor and ally Young Joon Kim.Seoul resembles other cities of East Asia such as Tokyo and Shanghai in its scale and rapid post-war expansion, while major western cities like New York and London also **parable pressures of growth. If Seoul gets its program right, it can set examples for other megacities to learn from. An inaugural Biennale of Architecture and Urbanism will be held this autumn to help get the message across.South Korea's capital is an ancient city, with a beautiful natural backdrop of mountains, which was devastated in the 20th century by Japanese occupation and the Korean War. It was reconstructed on American-inspired lines, with multi-lane highways criss-crossing the city. Economic and population growth —it has about 10 million **pared with 1 million in 1950, although the increase has now levelled off— caused the spaces between to be filled in at levels of density that are nearly twice New York's.It is a business-minded city, its desire for prosperity being sharpened by the traumas and poverty of its recent history, and the need to erect office blocks to serve its economy has usually taken precedence over architectural and urban finesse. The lower levels of buildings tend to be intensely colonized by commercial activity.。