2012年CATTI二级笔译综合模拟试题及答案
Section 1: Vocabulary and Grammar (25 points)
Part 1 Vocabulary Selection
1. The Kyoto Protocol has been designed to ____ the global environmental problems.
A. dress
B. address
C. stress
D. distress
2. Part of the investment is to be used to ____ that old temple to its original splendor. A. rest B. recover C. replace D. restore
3. The list of things we need to think about which will be ______ by climate change is endless.
A. affiliated
B. affected
C. affirmed
D. effected
4. Now a single cell phone is able to store a large ____ of information about an individual life.
A. deal
B. number
C.amount
D. account
5. We will not be held responsible for any damage which results ____rough handling. A. from B. off C. in D. to
6. Our products are displayed in Stand B22, ____ you will find me during office hours. A. when B. which C. that D. where
7. We cannot see any possibility of business _____ your price is on the high side of the prevailing market trend.
A. which
B. since
C. that
D. though
8. Over a very large number of trials, the probability of an event _____ is equal to the probability that it will not occur.
A. occurring
B. occurred
C. occurs
D. occur
9. “They’re the best team I’ve seen thus far,” says ____ men’s ba sketball coach Larry Brown.
A. American’s
B. US
C. the USA
D. United State of America
10. Many Americans do not understand why there is so much international criticism of the US policy on ____ change.
A. atmosphere
B. sky
C. weather
D. climate
11. In order to obtain the needed information, you should write simply, clearly, and concisely ____ the reader wants to know.
A. what
B. that
C. so that
D. which
12. Regarding insurance, the ____ is for 110% of the invoice value of the goods that a manufacturer wants to export.
A. amount
B. cover
C. insurance
D. premium
13. Since the shipment consists of seasonable goods. it is important that it
is ____ as soon as possible.
A. deleted
B. demanded
C. delivered
D. detached
14. The long service of decades of the to-be-retired with the company was ____
a present each from the President.
A. confirmed by
B. recorded in
C. acknowledged wit
D. appreciated for
15. Home to magnates and gangsters, refugees and artists, the city was, in its ____ a metropolis that exhibited all the hues of the human character. A. prime B. primary C. privacy D. probation
16. Buildings in the southeast of the UK are going to have to be constructed ____ those in Scotland if the report findings are correct. A. as B. like C. likely
D. are like
17. The state of Michigan now requires sports fans to make an annual ____ of $125 to $500 a seat to keep their end zone perches at Michigan Stadium. A. tributary
B. attribution
C. contribution
D. distribution
18. The possibilities for ____ energy sources, including solar power, wind power, geothermal power, water power and even nuclear energy promise greatly to the earthlings. A.altitude B.alternate C.alternating D. alternative
19. Americans who consider themselves ____ in the traditional sense do not usually hesitate to heap criticism in domestic matters over what they believe is oppressive or wasteful. A. pedestrian B. penchant C. patriotic D. patriarch
20. The countries that are being blamed for the extra greenhouse gases in the atmosphere are the rich and developed countries. On a different ____, the developing countries feel they will suffer the most of it. A. nod B. note C. norm D. notion Part 2 Vocabulary Replacement
21. He remained calm In the face of the impending danger.
A. terrific
B. trivial
C. astonishing
D. imminent
22. “Holmes!” I whispered. “What on earth are you doing in this disgusting place?”
A. humble
B. unpleasant
C. underprivileged
D. noisy
23. The futility of the program resulted from poor planning. A. possible failure in the future
B. ineffectiveness and uselessness
C. blindness to its mistakes
D. potential disaster
24. Construction of the gigantic office building in this city was for years intermittent
A. stopping and starting at intervals
B. something that will happen soon
C. being watched with keen interest
D. anything that comes and goes
25. Although many modifications have been made in it, the game known in the United States as football can be traced directly to the English game of rugby.
A. rules
B. changes
C. demands
D. leagues
26. Your silence implies countenancing his abject behavior; therefore please clarify your stand to him.
A. supporting
B. obscuring
C. concealing
D. assisting
27. The graduate committee must be in full accord in their approval of a dissertation.
A. indecisive
B. sullen
C. vocal
D. unanimous
28. We regret being unable to entertain your request for providing free boarding to 15 sportsmen for two weeks.
A. receive
B. comply
C. coincide
D. consider
29. Justices of the peace have jurisdiction over the trials of some civil suits and of criminal cases involving minor offenses.
A. superiority
B. authority
C. guidance
D. consider
30. One of the things we have to do to prevent a pandemic is to make sure people understand and know what they can do to minimize the commotion.
A. command
B. collusion
C. turmoil
D. tutelage
31. One of the effective ways to lessen environmental pollution is the reservation and protection of more swamps.
A. vast thick corals
B. pockets of wet land
C. warm volcanoes
https://www.doczj.com/doc/fa17762492.html,lions of bees and wasps
32. The word “wrath” in The Grapes of Wrath by the Nobel prize winner John Steinbeck probably means:
A. great anger
B. large crowds
C. hard labor
D. sudden storms
33. The artist spent years on his monumental painting, which covered the whole roof of the church, the biggest in the country.
A. archaic
B. sentimental
C. outstanding
D. entire
34. The ancient Jewish people regarded themselves as the salt of the earth, the chosen few by God to rule the world.
A. outcast
B. elite
C. nomad
D. disciple
35. Many of the electric and electronic products we purchase and consume today are what some industrial experts call “homogenous toys”.
A. identical
B. homosexual
C.unrelated
D. distinguishable
KEYS：
Part 1共20题，每题0.5分，满分为10分
1. B
2. D
3. B
4. C
5. A
6. D
7. B
8. A
9. B 10. D 11. A 12. D
13. C 14. C 15. A 16. B 17. C 18. D 19. C 20. B
Part 2共15题，每题0.5分，满分为7.5分
21. D 22. B 23. B 24. A 25. B 26. A 27. D
28. D 29. B 30. C 31. B 32. A 33. C 34. B 35 .A
Part 3 Error Correction
36. An “epigram” is usually descried as a bright or witty thought that is tersely and ingeniously expressed.
A. described
B. discarded
C. deserved
D. disconcerted
37. Human beings are superior to animals that they can use language as a tool of communication.
A. in that
B. in which
C. for that
D. for which
38. The Xinjiang Airlines serve passengers and customers in the southeast of China only.
A. serves
B. to serve
C. serving
D. service
39. The senior senator has in the past three terms both experienced the sweet taste of success and the bitterness of defeat in his legislation fights with his opponents.
A. both experiences
B. experiences both
C. experience both
D. experienced both
40. Our company has been made one of the largest manufacturers in the field of chemical industry.
A. become, in
B. made, in field of
C. became, in the field
D. been made of, in
41. Daylight saving time was instituted to increase productivity.
A. reorganized
B. started
C. encouraged
D. taught
42. Many students agreed to come, but some students against because they said they don’t have time.
A. did not because they say they did not
B. were against because they say they d on’t
C. did not because they said they did not
D. were against coming because they said they don’t
43. Some of the Low-end Made-in-China mechanical-electronic products are not selling well in export market as compared with what are termed as high-end ones.
A. on export market
B. in exporting market
C. in exported market
D. in the export market
44. Construction is expanding all over China, no doubt many materials will be needed at a very big amount in future.
A. China, no doubt many materials will be needed for a very big amount
B. China, no doubt many materials will be needed in a very big amount
C. China, no doubt many materials will be needed in large amounts
D. China, no doubt many materials will be needed for large amounts
45. The recent conference on the effective use of the seas and oceans was another attempt resolving major differences among countries with conflicting interests.
A. resolve
B. resolves
C. to resolve
D. being resolved
46. Water makes up some 70 percentage points of the body, and drinking enough water — either tap water or expensive mineral water — will ensure that the body is properly lubricated and flushed.
A. per-cent
B. per capita
C. percent
D. percentage
47. “We’re not bringing in millions of dollars,” says a director of development. “But we want to make sure the demand is there before we act to the
project.”
A. of
B. off
C. on
D. for
48. By using new foreign textbooks, we could not only learn the right expression of business ideas, but also we will know the lastest developments in the business world.
A. but also will know the lastest
B. but also know the lastest
C. but also know the latest
D. but also come to know the latest
49. The affluent middle class created by the Asian boom now take up over from exports as the main engine of growth.
A. take over from exports
B. take from exports
C. take exports
D. takes exports
50. Japan and the newly industrialized countries are passing labor-intensive sects as garmentmaking over to less developed nations and moving into advanced technology and services.
A. sects like
B. sectors like
C. sections as
D. sections such as
Section 2: Reading Comprehension (50 points) The time for this section is 70 minutes.
Questions 51 — 60 are based on the following passage.
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was set up in 1988 to assess information on climate change and its impact. Its Third Assessment Report predicts global temperature rises by 2100 of between 1.4℃ and 5.8℃. Although the issue of the changing climate is very complex and some changes are uncertain, temperature rises are expected to affect countries throughout the world and have a knock-on effect with sea-level rises.
Scientists have argued about whether temperature rises are due to human activities or due to natural changes in our environment. The IPCC announced in 2001 that “most of the warming observed over the last 50 years is likely to be attributable to human activities”. This was a more force ful statement than in1996
when the Second Assessment Report stated that there was a “discernible human influence on the climate” which was the first time they had concluded such a link. Many experts believe the faster the climate changes, the greater the risk will be.
Key points of the projections for climate change globally include that by the second half of the 21st century, wintertime rainfall in the northern mid to high latitudes and Antarctica will rise, that meanwhile Australia, Central America and southern Africa are likely to see decreases in autumn precipitation, that some land areas in the tropics will see more rainfall, and that there will generally be more hot days over land areas.
51. IPCC probably does not ______.
A. analyse climate change information
B. record weather changes on its premises
C. predict what is to happen to the earth
D. collect weather date from many countries
52. According to the passage, a Chinese city that recorded 45 degrees Celsius at noon on August 4,2004, will most probably witness a temperature measuring _____ at 12:00 sharp in the year of 2100.
A. 46.1℃
B. 1.4℃
C. 5.8℃
D. a number that I do not know
53. According to the author, climate researchers _____.
A. are quite sure about why it’s getting hotter and hotter
B. declared that we humans are the cause why it’s getting hotter
C. have discussed the possible cause why it’s hotter
D. have claimed that changes in nature are the roots of hot days
54. Based on the text, we know that temperature rises will probably _____.
A. knock off sea levels
B. have a serious effect on sea-level rises
C. keep the sea level rising
D. keep knocking at the sea
55. The IPCC announcement three years ago that “most of the warming observed over the last 50 years is” _____.
A. possibly due to human activities
B. possibly because human activities
C. due to likely human activities
D. human activities likely attributable
56. Which statement was more forceful?
A. “Global temperature will rise by 2100between 1.4℃ and 5.8℃
B. “Temperature rises are expected to affect countries throughout the world”.
C. “Most of the warming is likely to be attributable to human activities”.
D. There was a “discernible human influence on the climate”.
57. The Second Assessment Report was released ____ years ago.
A. five
B. six
C. seven
D. eight
58. “Such a link” in the passage refers most probably to _____.
A. IPCC and climate changes
B. global temperatures and sea levels
C. natural changes and human activities
D. human activities and temperature rises
59. “The risk” mentioned in the text probably refers to _____.
A. a possibility that there will be more climate changes
B. a potential that sea level will possibly keep rising
C. temperature rises that are expected to affect all countries
D. a prediction warning human beings not to ruin the environment
60. Obviously, the word “precipitation” most probably refers to _____.
A. latitude
B. rainfall
C. temperature
D. Projection
KEYS：
Part 3 共15题，每题0.5分，满分为7.5分
36. A 37. A 38. A 39. D 40. A 41. B 42. C 43. D
44. C 45. C 46. C 47. C 48. D 49. D 50. B
Section 2 共50题，每题1分，满分为50分
51. B 52. D 53. C 54. B 55. A 56. C 57. D 58. D 59. C 60. B
Questions 61 — 70 are based on the following passage.
Now which are the animals really to be pitied in captivity? First, those clever beings whose lively urge for activity can find no outlet behind the bars of the cage. This is most conspicuous, even for the uninitiated, in the case of animals which, when living in a free state, are accustomed to roaming about widely. Owing to this frustrated desire, foxes and wolves housed, in many old-fashioned zoos, in cages
which are far too small, are among the most pitiable of all caged animals.
Though pinioned swans generally seem happy, under proper care, by hatching and tearing their young without any trouble, at migration time things become different: they repeatedly swim to the lee side of the pond, in order to have the whole extent of its surface at their disposal, trying to take off. Again and again the grand preparations end in a pathetic flutter of their half wings; a truly sorry picture!
This, however, rarely awakens the pity of the zoo visitor, least of all when such an originally highly intelligent and mentally alert animal has deteriorated, in confinement, into a crazy idiot, a very caricature of its former self. Sentimental old ladies, the fanatical sponsors of the societies for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, have no compunction in keeping a grey parrot in a relatively small cage or even chained to a perch. Together with the large corvines, the parrots are probably the only birds which suffer from that state of mind, common to prisoners, namely, boredom.
61. What is an “outlet” in the conte xt of this passage?
A. An opportunity for expression.
B. A place to let.
C. A chance of escape into a wood
D. An exit for a marketer.
62. What does “the uninitiated” mean?
A. People who visit animals in urban zoos.
B. People who do not like animals of the wild.
C. People who know little about a certain topic.
D. People who do not visit zoos every year.
63. According to the author in Paragraph 1, what animals suffer most in captivity?
A. Climbing animals.
B. Hunting animals.
C. Parroting animals.
D. Singing animals.
64. What do you think “hatching and rearing their young” means?
A. Raising families.
B. Getting on well with smaller birds.
C. Behaving like young birds.
D. Attacking smaller birds.
65. Which is the “lee side” of the pond?
A. The side the wind is blowing from.
B. The side which is sheltered from a storm.
C. The side the wind id blowing towards.
D. The side where the water is the deepest.
66. According to the author, swans in captivity are ______.
A. happy unless their wings have been cut
B. happy most of the time, but unhappy sometimes
C. unhappy most of the time
D. only happy when they are bringing up families
67. What effect does confinement have on clever animals, according to the text?
A. They never stop trying to escape.
B. They lose all their muscles.
C. They become unhygienic.
D.They may go mad.
68. In Paragraph 3, the expression “have no compunction about” most probably means” have no _____.
A .reaction to
B. understanding of
C. second thoughts about
D. enlightenment on
69. What does the author say about sentimental old ladies?
A. They do not care about animals.
B. They hate making animals suffer.
C. They enjoy making animals suffer.
D. They do not realise the consequences.
70. What do you think “large corvines” probably are?
A. Another kind of bird.
B. Another kind of parrot.
C. Another kind of swans.
D. Other birds that convince us.
Question 71—80 are based on the following passage.
The fact that most Americans live in urban areas does not mean that they reside in the center of large cities. In fact, more Americans live in the suburbs of large metropolitan areas than in the cities themselves.
The Bureau of the Census regards any area with more than 2,500 people as an urban area, and does not consider boundaries of cities and suburbs.
According to the Bureau, the political boundaries are less significant than the social and economic relationships and the transportation and communication systems
that integrate a locale. The term used by the Bureau for an integrated metropolis is an MSA, which stands for Metropolitan Statistical Area. In general, an MSA is any area that contains a city and its surrounding suburbs and has a total population of 50,000 or more.
At the present time, the Bureau reports more than 280 MSAs, which together account for 75 percent of the US population. In addition, the Bureau recognizes 18 megapolises, that is, continuous adjacent metropolitan areas. One of the most obvious megapolises includes a chain of hundreds of cities and suburbs across 10 states on the East Coast from Massachusetts to Virginia, including Boston, New York, and Washington, D.C. In the Eastern Corridor, as it is called, a population of 45 million inhabitants is concentrated. Another megapolis that is growing rapidly is the California coast from San Francisco through Los Angeles to San Diego.
71. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A. Metropolitan Statistical Areas
B. Types of Population Centers
C. The Bureau of the Census
D. Megapolises
72. According to the passage, where do most Americans live?
A. In the center of cities.
B. In the suburbs surrounding large cities.
C. In rural areas.
D. In small towns.
73. The underlined word “reside” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _____.
A. fill
B. decide
C. occupy
D. live
74. According to the Bureau of the Census, what is an urban area?
A. A chain of adjacent cities.
B. An area with at least 50,000 people.
C. The 18 largest cities.
D. An area with 2,500 people or more.
75. Which of the following are NOT considered important in defining an urban area?
A. Political boundaries.
B. Transportation networks.
C. Social relationships.
D. Economic systems.
76. The underlined word “integrate” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to _____.
A. benefit
B. define
C. unite
D. restrict
77. Which of the following is NOT true?
A. An integrated metropolis is an MSA.
B. MSA stands for Metropolitan Statistical Area.
C. A metropolis includes at least a metropolitan.
D. An MSA refers to city and its suburbs, with over 50,000 people.
78. The underlined word “adjacent” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to _____.
A. beside each other
B. growing very fast
C. the same size
D. densely populated
79. According to the passage, what is a megapolis?
A. One of the 10 largest cities in the United States.
B. One of the 18 largest cities in the United States.
C. One of the 100 cities between Boston and Washington.
D. Any number of continuous adjacent cities and suburbs.
80. Why does the author mention the Eastern Corridor and the California coast in Paragraph 4?
A. As examples of megapolises.
B. Because 75 percent of the population lives there.
C. To conclude the passage.
D. The Bureau of the Census is located there.
Questions 81 — 90 are based on the following passage.
“what does the middleman do but add to the price of goods in the shops?” Such remarks are aimed at the intermediate operations between manufacturers and final customers. This practice usually attracts a lot of attention from the public and the press and the operation most talked about is what is often called wholesaling.
The wholesaler buys goods in large quantities from the manufacturers and sells them in smaller parcels to retailers, and for this service his selling price to the retailer is raised several percent higher. But his job is made more difficult by
retail demand not necessarily running level wit h manufacturers’ production. Because he adjusts or regulates the flow of goods by holding stock until required, he frees the manufacturer, to some extent, from the effect on production of changing demand and having to bear the whole risk.
The manufacture can then keep up a steady production flow, and the retailer has no need to hold heavy stocks, who can call on the wholesaler for supplies any time. This wholesale function id like that of a valve in a water pipe. The middleman also bears part of the risk that would otherwise fall on the manufacturer and also the retailer.
The wholesaler provides a purely commercial service, for which he is too well rewarded. But the point that is missed by many people is that the wholesaler is not just someone adding to the cost of goods. It is true one could eliminate the wholesaler but one would still be left with his function: that of making sure that goods find their way to the people who want them.
81. “Middleman” in the passage almost equals to all the following i n meaning EXCEPT _____.
A. go-between
B. intermediary
C. manufacturer
D. wholesaler
82. “This practice” in Paragraph 1 most probably refers to the fact that the middleman _____.
A. increases the prices in the shops
B. buys from you and sells to me
C. aims remarks at manufacturers
D. interferes with end user customers
83. The wholesaler obtains higher selling prices for _____.
A. small parcels he sells
B. goods he buys in bulk
C. the service he provides
D. the information he offers
84. A middleman’s work may become difficult because _____.
A. manufacturers run their production on a much higher level
B.market demand may not be the same as industrial production
C. retailers are not necessary in running their retailing business
D. retailers demand lower levels than those demanded by manufacturers
85. The wholesaler regulates the flow of goods by _____.
A. running level with manufacturers’ production
B. holding down stock of commodities
C. keeping stock for stronger demand
D. adjusting the prices of goods in time
86. The middleman relieves the producer of _____.
A. fluctuating market demand and staying at risk
B. the production of commodities for the retail market
C. some extent of production of changing demand
D. storing goods in a warehouse until they are needed
87. What function of the wholesaler is compared to a valve?
A. Controlling the flow of goods.
B. Pushing up demand from retailers.
C. Bearing part of the risk for manufacturers.
D. Selling goods to retailers.
88. Which of the following statement is true?
A. People cannot do without the wholesaler’s function.
B. The function of the wholesaler does not add to the cost of goods.
C. The wholesaler helps to reduce the price of goods in shops.
D. The wholesaler is well paid for his commercial service.
89. The author quite possibly believes that the function of the wholesaler is _____.
A. good but too costly
B. necessary but harmful
C. removable but necessary
D. acceptable but unnecessary
90. Which of the following titles is most appropriate for this passage?
A. The Greedy Wholesalers
B. The Wholesalers in the Public Eye
C. A Retail Market with Wholesalers
D. Can We Do without the Wholesaler?
KEYS：
61. A 62. C 63. B 64. A 65. C 66. B 67. D 68. C 69. D 70.
A 71.
B 72. B 73. D 74. D 75. A 76.
C 77. C 78. A 79.
D 80. A
81. C 82. B 83. C 84. B 85. C 86. A 87. A 88. D 89. C 90.D
Questions 91 — 100 are based on the following passage.
This is offered as a textbook illustration of the principle that voters are far
shrewder than most politicians believe. This case study highlighting Washington’s inability to fool anyone is based on a recent survey of the attitudes of people on Medicare about their new prescription-drug benefit.
Last fall, when Congress added prescription-drug coverage to Medicare, the new law was hailed as a political masterpiece. Congressional Democrats, who overwhelmingly opposed the bill, thundered that they, too, were eager to provide a drug subsidy and smaller incentives to health insurers to participate. Liberals such as Sen. Edward Kennedy were confident that the drug bill, with plenty of holes in its benefit formulas, would inevitably be expanded around the time it took effect.
Not many in Congress seemed troubled that the federal budget was deep in deficit, the nation was saddled with future expenditures for the Irap war and virtually no health care expert believed that the legislation would fit into its projected $400-billion-over-10-years cost framework. The new law was a cynical bargain that had more to do with the 2004 election than a rational approach to the prescription-drug needs of the nation’s elderly.
The prescription-drug legislation seems a compromise between competing ideologies inserted into a fixed congressional budget. Put another way, it was sausage-stuffing in the guise of lawmaking. And, what no one anticipated was the reaction of the elderly, a group that votes in disproportionate numbers.
91. The passage you are reading is the beginning part of a report in the original. Then, what is “This”, the first word, most probably referring to?
A. An offered illustration.
B. Part of a textbook on politics.
C. What the author is going to write.
D. The principle that voters are shrewder than most politicians believe.
92. Also found in Paragraph 1, what does “this case study” probably refer to?
A. A case study the writer is to talk about.
B. Part of a textbook on politics.
C. What the author is going to write.
D. Washingt on’s inability to fool anyone.
93. Based on a recent survey of the attitudes of people on Medicare is _____.
A. the capital city of the United States of America
B. a textbook on American politics
C. what the author is going to write
D. a statement that the American government cannot fool its people
94. “Congress added prescription-drug coverage to Medicare” most probably means that the Congress of the USA decided to _____.
A. add prescription-drugs to the Medicare program
B. allow the Medicare program to provide refunding subsidies to selected medicines to be purchased by Medicare members
C. increase payment to Medicare for refunding Americans buying prescription medicines
D. provide insurance to prescription drugs purchased by Medicare participants
95. Below are four groups of terms that are found in the passage. Which group contains at least one term that does not refer to the same things as the other terms within the group?
A. the new law, the bill, the drug bill, the prescription-drug legislation, the legislation
B.prescription-drug coverage, the new law, the drug bill, the prescription-drug legislation, the legislation
C. the drug bill, the bill, Medicare with prescription-drug coverage added, the prescription-drug legislation, the legislation
D. the new law, the bill, the drug bill, Medicare with additions including prescription-drug coverage, the prescription-drug legislation
96. Democratic Congressmen suggested that the government should _____.
A. be enthusiastic in providing a drug benefit to the people
B. oppose the new legislation with thundering protests
C. give more money, so to speak, to medicine markers and retailers
D. provide financial assistance to people wanting to buy life insurance
97. Paragraph 3 reflects basically the views and comments of _____.
A. Congressional Democrats
B. many other Liberals in the Congress
C. Sen. Edward Kennedy
D. the author of the passage
98. According to the text, some health care experts believed that _____.
A. the new law had a 10-year budget of about $400 billion but little was expected for the prescription-drug coverage
B.the new law will have to wait another 10 years and cost about $400 billion before it is able to take effect
C. the framework of the new legislation would be fit for a project that was to cost $400 billion over the next 10 years
D. the projected $400-billion-over-10-years cost framework was planned to be budget for the current Iraq war
99. Referring to the elderly as summarized in the passage, we can assume that
they are _____.
A. great in number and most will vote
B. great in number but few tend to vote
C. few in number and few tend to vote
D. few in number but most will vote
100. From the end of the passage we would expect the author to start his next paragraph most probably on _____.
A. how the senior citizens of the United States responded to the new legislation
B.the opinions of the few who anticipated what the reaction of the elderly was to be
C. what the legislators would consider doing to avoid further legislative digressions
D. major competing ideologies that differ on the coming congressional budget Section 3: Cloze Test (25 points) The time for this section is 25 minutes.
In the popular mind, the Internet is the realization of the global village, where the flow of information and ideas is unimpeded by distance or national barriers. Much has been written ____ (1) the technology and the benefits that this system of unregulated information exchange will bring. But ____ (2) has been very little discussion about the languages —human, not computer languages ____ (3) are being used on the Internet.
Central ____ (4) the ideology of the emerging Internet community is the freedom of the individual users to express ____ (5) as they like. Nevertheless, ____ (6) recently, it has been very difficult to communicate through the Internet in any language ____ (7) could not be expressed in the standard English alphabet as defined ____ (8) the American Standard Code for Informatio n Interchange (ASSCⅡ).
English is already the premier ____ (9) of science and technology worldwide. The peculiar restriction of ____ (10) able to communicate with only the limited ASCⅡ character set has worked to further encourage the ____ (11) English, especially by those ____ (12) native language is not normally expressed in some version of ____ (13) Roman alphabet.
In fact, it seems to be typical that ____ (14) accessing a network in a
non-English speaking country _____ (15) is often presented with a choice of the local languages(s) or English. Many of the national networks that have now linked ____ (16) to the Internet are used ____ (17) scientific and technical communication, ____ (18) a rapidly growing portion of the Internet’s community are non-professional people.
Familiarity with English may be assumed ____ (19) a linguist or a physicist,
but growing ____ (20) of users with no English language skills are joining the net in ____ (21) of the dominance of English in message forums and mail lists. Messages ____ (22) the Usenet newsgroups are overwhelmingly ____ (23) in English, and the bulk of the moderated mailing lists (including ____ (24) Linguist Discussion List, and international E-mail discussion list for linguists) are conducted in ____ (25). KEYS：
D 91. C 92. C 93. C 94. B 95. B 96. C 97. D 98. A 99. B 100. A
Section 3 共25题，每题1分，满分为25分
(1) about (2) there (3) that (4) to (5) themselves (6) until (7) that (8) by
(9) language
(10) being (11) use of (12) whose (13) the (14) when (15) one (16) up (17) for
(18) but (19) for (20) numbers (21) spite (22) on (23) written (24) the (25) English
汉译英： 试题一：必作题（汉译英）（20分） 从19世纪80年代之后的鸦片战争、甲午战争，到庚子之乱乃至20世纪30年代的日本侵华战争，中国惨遭东西方列强的屠戮和极其野蛮的经济掠夺；再加上封建腐败和连年内乱，中国主权沦丧、生灵涂炭、国力衰弱、民不聊生。深重的灾难、惨痛的事实使中华民族深知和平之珍贵、发展之重要。这样的历史实践形成了中国人民渴望和平、企求安定的心理，坚定了中国人民走和平发展道路的信念。 1949年新中国成立后，我们在发展道路上艰辛探索，既经历过成功的喜悦，也经受过失败的挫折。从1978年开始，中国开启了新的征程，从计划转向市场，从封闭转向开放，从自成一体转向融入经济全球化，走独立自主地建设中国特色社会主义的道路，取得了举世瞩目的辉煌成就。实践充分证明，坚持走和平发展的道路是正确的，既符合中国国情，又顺应时代潮流。中国将沿着这条和平发展的道路，坚定不移地走下去。 试题二：选作题（泽译英）（20分） 1968年我从北京来到陕西，惟一挂念的是在故乡身患绝症的老母亲。母亲的时日已经不多，身边再无亲人，离别成为我心中最沉重的痛。 惟一能传递母亲信息的就是那枚小小的邮票。母亲当时已经双目失明，信是让别人代写的，内容千篇一律的干枯，邮票却是母亲自己摸索着贴上去的，她贴了一叠信封，随用随取，为的是不给别人添麻烦。 每回接到母亲来信，我都要抚摸贴在信封右上角的邮票，那是母亲亲手贴上去的，它贴得规正却无画面感，很多时候是头朝下的，因为母亲根本看不见，她是凭感觉在贴。 邮票残留着母亲的手印，承载着母亲的挂念，那上面有母亲的气息。凝视中，我常常泪眼模糊…… 来自母亲的邮票一张一张地攒着，它们是母亲的替代。我对邮票的认识源自于此。
2019年CATTI二级笔译英译汉真题及参考答案 【第一篇】 So where there is financial connection, we see that rapid improvements in quality of life can quickly follow. In our modern context, there are several important channels to achieving this greater financial connectivity. I want to highlight two today: increased capital mobility and increased financial inclusion. First, enabling capital to flow more freely. Allowing capital to flow across borders can help support inclusive growth. Right now, foreign direct investment —FDI — is only 1.9 percent of GDP in developing countries. Before the global financial crisis, it was at 2.5 percent. Making progress on major infrastructure needs will require capital flows to rise again and to be managed safely. Greater openness to capital flows can also bring down the cost of finance, improve the efficiency of the financial sector, and allow capital to support productive investments and new jobs. Challenges that come with opening up capital markets. Thankfully, we know from experience the elements that are required for success. These include sound financial regulation, transparent rules for investment, and attention to fiscal sustainability. We also need increased financial inclusion. A few numbers: close to half of the adult population in low and middle-income Asia-Pacific economies do not have a bank account. Less than 10 percent have ever borrowed from a financial institution. And yet, we know that closing the finance gap is an “economic must-have” for nations to thrive in the 21st century. IMF analysis shows that if the least financially inclusive countries in Asia narrowed the finance gap to the level of Thailand — an emerging market economy — the poverty rate in those countries could be reduced by nearly 4 percent. How can we get there? In part, through policies that enable more women and rural citizens to access financial services. The financial gender gap for women in developing countries is about 9 percent and has remained largely unchanged since 2011. There is no silver bullet, but we know that fintech can play a catalyzing role. In Cambodia, for example, strong public-private partnerships in supporting mobile finance has led to a tripling in the number of micro-financial institutions since 2011. These institutions have now provided loans to over 2 million new borrowers, representing nearly 20 percent of the adult population. Many of these citizens had never had a bank account. Now they can save for the future and perhaps even start a business of their own. These are ideas that can work everywhere. But countries have to be willing to partner and learn from each other. That is one of the major reasons why last October, the IMF and World Bank launched the Bali Fintech Agenda. The agenda lays out key principles — from developing financial markets to safeguarding financial integrity — that can help each nation as it strives for greater financial inclusion. 【第一篇参考答案】
2018-11 【英译中】【Passage 1】 New drone footage gives a glimpse of the damage that Hawaii’s Big Island sustained in the wake of volcanic explosions in recent days. Smoke can be seen billowing off the lava as it creeps down roads and through wooded areas toward homes. Fires are visible with terrifying streams of brightness breaking through the surrounding areas of black. After a day of relative calm, Kilauea roared back in full force on Sunday,spewing lava 300 feet in the air, encroaching on a half mile of new ground and bringing the total number of destroyed structures to 35. 从无人机拍摄到的最新视频中，可以大概了解到近日火山喷发后，夏威夷大岛所遭受的损失情况。火山岩浆在道路上、树林里蔓延，直逼住家，岩浆所到处浓烟滚滚。在一片漆黑中可见多处大火，火光十分刺眼。基拉韦厄火山经过相对平静的一天后，周日又火力全开，将岩浆喷到300英尺高空，又侵蚀了半英里土地，共有35处建筑遭摧毁。 There have been 1,800 residents evacuated from their neighborhoods where cracks have been opening and spilling lava. In evacuated areas with relatively low sulfur dioxide levels, residents were allowed to return home for a few hours to collect belongings on Sunday and Monday. Officials said those residents – a little more than half of the evacuees — were allowed to return briefly, and they would continue to allow residents in if it could be done safely. 由于地面开裂、岩浆涌出，1800社区居民被疏散。周六周日，在二氧化硫浓度不高的被疏散区域，居民获准回家几个小时收拾家中物品。当地官员称，这些居民——约占被疏散居民总数的半数多些——被准许回家短暂停留，并且在保证安全的前提下，允许其他居民回家。 “Things got pretty active,” an official said at a Saturday press conference. “The eight volcanoes were pretty active, to the point where lava was spewing and the flow started spreading so we got additional damage out there. I’m not sure what the count is, but we thought it was just continuing to go. Fortunately, seismicity has laid down and the volcanoes have gone quiet now.” But officials had cautioned that while the lava flow was quiet, it wouldn’t be for long. “More volcano es could open up, the existing ones could get active again.” There’s a lot of lava under the ground so eventually it’s going to come up.” “这些火山变的很活跃，”一位官员在周六举行的新闻发布会上称，“有八个火山变的很活跃，岩浆喷出后，四处扩散，因此我们那里损失又多了些。我现在还不了解损失总数，但我们认为这个数字仍在不断攀升。庆幸地是，现在地震强度已经减弱，火山也开始平息下来了。”但是官员警告称，虽然岩浆流动慢下来了，
Section 1 V ocabulary and Grammar (60 points) This section consists of 3 parts. Read the direction for each part before answering the questions. Part 1 V ocabulary Selection In this part, there are 20 incomplete sentences. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices marked by letters A, B, C, and D respectively. Choose the word which best completes each sentence. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET. 1. From a young age, children begin a continuous process of evaluating themselves in the _____ of the opinions and comments of those around them. a. contrast b. return c. light d. spite 2. If you’re forced outside for hours ____ end, especially doing something physical, consider dumping water over your head or on your neck. a. at b. to c. in d. on 3. One reason for the cost of wave power is the need to make the equipment _____ to storm damage and corrosion. a. impassable b. impertinent c. imperious d. impervious 4. The study found that one in four people has missed an important appointment, and that nearly one in five has fallen ____ with a friend
英格瓦·坎普拉德可不是一般的亿万富翁。这位宜家家具帝国的创始人乘坐经济舱旅行，开着一辆有十年历史的沃尔沃汽车，总是下午去买水果和蔬菜，因为这时价格往往便宜些。如果有人问他生活中有什么奢侈的消费时，他的回答是：我偶尔喜欢买一件高档衬衫或一条围巾，吃点瑞典鱼子酱。? 坎普拉德先生是战后欧洲最杰出企业家之一。宜家创建于1943，当时仅仅从事邮购业务，现如今已经发展成为在全球31个国家经营，员工总数超过7万的国际化零售业巨头。 宜家的销售额逐年上涨。宜家的产品目录是全世界印数最多的印刷品，每年达到不可思议的1.1亿册。坎普拉德先生也变得异常富有。根据美国《福布斯》杂志，他的身价达到134亿美元(87亿英镑)，位列全球第17位。 宜家之所以取得了令人惊异的成功，首先是因为它那简单得令人难以置信的经营理念：向老百姓提供设计精美而又买得起的家具。其次就是坎普拉德本人，有魅力、谦逊、随和。他的思想和价值观绝对是宜家哲学的核心。 坎普拉德先生因生活极其节俭而闻名遐迩。他清洗用过的塑料杯以便再次利用。前不久，他决定不再让那位已经为他理发多年的瑞典理发师继续为他提供服务，原因是在现居地瑞士他找到一位理发师，每次只收14瑞士法郎(6英镑)。?这数字合理，?他笑着说。 宜家所有的高管都十分了解成本意识的重要性。公司不鼓励他们乘坐头等舱或商务舱旅行。?最好的领导方式是以身作则?，坎普拉德先生说过，?让我坐头等舱，而让我的同事们坐旅游舱，是我绝对不能接受的。?
他巡视宜家集团的店铺时，他总是要和员工们握手或拥抱，以此向员工传递一种?伙伴?的感觉，这种做法在瑞典绝不多见。?叫我英格瓦，?他对员工说。他不喜欢打领带，而是喜欢敞开衬衫的领口，这样的衣着方式也突显了他的不拘礼节和没有等级观念。 在个人生活方面和事业方面坎普拉德先生都经历过艰苦的奋斗过程。他一直与读写困难症和其他疾病抗争。 他性格中很突出的一点就是对细节的偏执性关注。巡视他的商店时，他不仅和经理们交谈，还要和最基层的员工以及顾客们交谈。在最近一次视察宜家的六家瑞典门店时，他说，?发现了100个需要讨论的细节性问题。? 在他自己看来，他最大的优点就是选择正确的人员来管理他的企业。 他下定决心不让宜家集团上市，因为股东的短期要求和企业长期的规划会有冲突。?我讨厌急功近利的决策。如果你想实施长效的决策，上市后就很难了。进入俄罗斯市场时，我们就曾不得不决定要亏损十年。? 自1986年从集团总裁位置上退下来以后，坎普拉德先生就慢慢地从业务中淡出。尽管他承认自己非常不愿意完全退出，但他仍然坚持说自己是?参与过多，过问的细节太多。?问题是：假如没有坎普拉德先生，宜家能否恒久存在?宜家是否太过于依赖其创始人?宜家控制权渐渐从坎普拉德先生转移到他的三个儿子手中以后，宜家帝国能否继续辉煌? 【参考译文】
https://www.doczj.com/doc/fa17762492.html, CATTI二级笔译历年真题以及答案 英汉翻译八大注意事项 陈炳发全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试英语专家委员会委员 有幸多次参与国家人事部组织、外文局实施并管理的全国翻译资格(水平)考试的阅卷、质检工作，我发现，一些考生翻译水平还是不错的，但对于翻译的基本常识缺乏了解，不知道如何规范地处理数字、人名、地名、机构名、缩略语以及其他问题，因而或多或少地影响了个人的成绩。以下是我收集整理的一些考试中常见的“雷区”，可能对考生提高考试成绩有所助益。 一、数字 关于数字用法的问题，国家主管部门已有具体规定，各翻译出版机构以及一些国际组织也有自己的专门规定。有志于从事翻译职业的人应该对这些有起码的了解。 一般的规定是，对于纯粹属于计量或统计范畴的数值，无论原文是否使用阿拉伯数字，译文一般用阿拉伯数字。例如：原文“654,321,000”，译文中照抄“654,321,000”即可;不能译为6亿5千4百32万1千。原文“fifty million”，可译为“5 000万”;不能译为“五十百万”，
https://www.doczj.com/doc/fa17762492.html, 或“50百万”。对于万以上数字，中文一般以“万”和“亿”为单位;原文“half a billion”，可译为“5亿”。原文“five trucks”，可译为“5辆卡车”;原文“3-4 percent”，可译为“3%-4%”;原文“five percentage points”，可译为“5个百分点”。 原文用英文数字或罗马数字表示的，除纯粹属于计量或统计范畴的数值的情况外，译文用汉字。例如：原文“Chapter II”，可译为“第二章”，不能译为“第2章”;原文“Committee of Twenty-four”，可译为“二十四国委员会”，不能译为“24国委员会”;原文“Sixty-fourth Session”，可译为“第六十四届会议”，不能译为“第64届会议”。 在原文中，数字如作为词素构成固定的词、词组、惯用语、缩略语、具有修辞色彩的语句，以及邻近两个数字连用表示概数的情况，则译文中可使用汉字;整数一至十，如果不是出现在具有统计意义的一组数字中，可以用汉字，但要照顾到上下文，以便求得局部体例上的一致。例如：原文“quarter”，应译为“四分之一”;原文“three to four people”，则译为“三四人”;原文“Third World”，可译为“第三世界”;原文“several thousand people”，则译为“几千人”;原文“five principles”，可译为“五项原则”;原文“four or five hundred”，可译为“四五百”;原文“well over sixty”，可译为“六十好几了(年龄)”, 原文“50-odd years old”，可译为“五十出头”, 原文“a little over 30 years old”，可译为“三十挂零”等等。 对于数字的翻译还可以做出许多规定，但对于翻译(水平)考试而言，掌握以上三点就基本可以了。对于不规范的数字表述，诸如“6亿5千4百32万1千”之类，阅卷老师都是要酌情扣分的。
2003年12英语二级《笔译综合能力》试题 Part1 Summary Writing 1.Read the following English passage and then write a Chinese summary of approximately 300 words that expresses its main ideas and basic information (40 points, 50 minutes) Deceptively small in column inches, a recent New York Times article holds large meaning for us in business. The item concerned one Daniel Provenzano, 38, of Upper Saddle River, N.J. Here is the relevant portion: When he owned a Fort Lee printing company called Advice Inc., Mr. Provenzano said he found out that a sales representative he employment had stolen $9,000. Mr. Provenzano said he told the man that “if he wanted to keep his employment, I would have to break his thumb.” He said another Advice employee drove the sales representative to Holy Name Hospital in Teaneck, broke the thumb with a hammer outside the hospital, and then had a car service take the man home after the thumb was repaired. Mr. Provenzano explained that he “didn’t want to set an example” that workers could get away with stealing. The worker eventually paid back $4,500 and kept his job, he said. I know that you’re thinking: This is an outrage. I, too, was shocked that Provenzano was being prosecuted for his astute management. Indeed, I think his “modest proposal” has a lot to teach managers as they struggle with the problems of our people-centered business environment. Problems such as …. Dealing with the bottom 10%. GE made the system famous, but plenty of companies are using it: Every year you get rid of the worst-evaluated workers. Many managers object that this practice is inhumane, but not dealing with that bottom 10% leads to big performance problems. Provenzano found a kinder, gentler answer. After all, this employee would have been fired virtually anywhere else. But at Advice Inc., he stayed on the job. And you know what? I bet he become a very, very —very —productive employee. For most managers Provenzano’s innovative response will be a welcome new addition to their executive tool kit. And by the way, “executive tool kit” is clearly more than just a metaphor at Advice Inc. Being the employer of choice. With top talent scarce everywhere, most companies now want to be their industry’s or their community’s most desirable. Advice Inc. understood. The employee in question wasn’t simply disciplined in his supervisor’s office and sent home. No, that’s how an ordinary employer would have done it. But at Advice Inc., another employee —the HR manager, perhaps? —took time out his busy day and drove the guy right to the emergency room. And then —the detail that says it all —the company provided a car service to drive the employee home. The message to talented job candidates comes through loud and clear: Advice Inc. is a company that cares. Setting an example to others. An eternal problem for managers is how to let all employees know what happens to those who perform especially well or badly. A few companies actually post everyone’s salary and bonus on their intranet. But pay is so one-dimensional. At Advice Inc., a problem that would hardly be mentioned at most companies —embezzlement —was undoubtedly the topic of rich discussions for weeks, at least until the employee’s cast came off. Any employee theft probably went way, way —way —down. When the great Roberto Goizueta was CEO of Coca-Cola he used to talk about this problem of setting examples and once observed, “Sometimes you must have an execution in the public square!” But of course he was speaking only figuratively. If he had just listened to his own words, Goizueta might have been an even better CEO. Differentiation. This is one of Jack Welch’s favorite concepts —the idea that managers should treat different employees very differently based on performance. Welch liked to differentiate with salary, bonus, and stock options, but now, in what must henceforth be known as the post-Provenzano management era, we can see that GE’s great management thinker just wasn’t thinking big enough. This Times article is tantalizing and frustrating. In just a few sentences it opens a whole new world of management, yet much more surely remains to be told. We must all urge Provenzano to write a book explaining his complete managerial philosophy. 2.Read the following Chinese passage and then write an English summary of approximately 250 words that expresses its central ideas and main viewpoints (40 points, 50 minutes) 越是对原作体会深刻，越是欣赏原文的每秒，越觉得心长力，越觉得译文远远的传达不出原作的神韵。返工的次数愈来愈多，时间也花得愈来愈多，结果却总是不满意。……例如句子的转弯抹角太生硬，色彩单调，说理强而描绘弱，处处都和我性格的缺陷与偏差有关。自然，我并不因此灰心，照样“知其不可为而为之”，不过要心情愉快也很难了。
2018年下半年CATTI英语二级笔译实务真题 (总分：100.00，做题时间：180分钟) 一、英译汉(总题数：2，分数：50.00) 1. Passage 1 New drone footage gives a glimpse of the damage that parts of Hawaii's Big Island sustained in the wake of volcanic explosions in recent days.Smoke can be seen billowing off the lava as it creeps down roads and through wooded areas toward homes.Fires are visible with terrifying streams of brightness breaking through the surrounding areas of black.After a day of relative calm, Kilauea roared back in full force on Sunday, spewing lava 3,00 feet in the air, encroaching on a half mile of new ground and bringing the total number of destroyed structures to 35.There have been 1,800 residents evacuated from their homes in the Leilani Estates and Lanipuna Gardens neighborhoods where cracks have been opening and spilling lava.In evacuated areas with relatively low sulfur dioxide levels, residents were allowed to return home for a few hours to collect belongings on Sunday and Monday. Officials said those residents -- a little more than half of the evacuees -- were allowed to return briefly, and Magno said they would continue to allow residents in if it could be done safely. "Things got pretty active," an official said at a Saturday press conference." The eight volcanoes were pretty active, to the point where lava was spewing and the flow started spreading so we got additional damage out there. I'm not sure what the count is, but we thought it was just continue to go. Fortunately, seismicity has laid down and the vents have gone quiet now." But officials had cautioned that while the lava flow was quiet, it wouldn't be for long." More volcanoes could open up, the existing ones could get active again. There's a lot of lava or magma under the ground so eventually it's going to come up."The island was also rocked by a 6.9-magnitude earthquake on Friday, which caused landslides near the coast, but minimal structural damage. The United States Geological Survey (USGS) said Sunday the island had experienced more than 500 earthquakes -- 13 with a magnitude greater than 4.0 -- in the 24 hours following the 6.9-magnitude quake.The concern for residents continues to be the lava and gas emitted from vents, though. "This is lava, that is definitely destroying people's homes -- we don't have an exact count -- but it is a devastating situation and it's going to be everyday that it goes on," Hawaii County Managing Director Wil Okabe said Saturday. "Mother nature, there's no way we could've predicted this." （分数：25.00） __________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：( 近日，无人机新拍摄到的画面展现了夏威夷大岛（Hawaii's Big Island）在火山喷发后的破坏景象：岩浆顺着道路缓慢流淌，穿过树林，朝着村舍进发，产生的烟雾翻滚升腾。熊熊烈火闪耀着光芒，照亮四周的黑色区域。经过一天的相对平静期，基拉韦厄火山（Kilauea）于周日再次全力爆发，喷射出的岩浆高达300英尺，半英里土地被侵蚀，总共摧毁了35栋房屋。在地裂和岩浆喷发地区，1800名居民撤离他们居住的社区。而在二氧化硫水平相对较低的地方，居民则被允许在周日和周一抽几个小时回家拿出自己所需的物品。政府官员表示，在确保安全的情况下，大部分被疏散的居民可以暂时回家，后期他们还会允许更多的居民回家。
2016年5月CATTI二级笔译实务真题 △英译汉 【第一篇】 Jane Goodall was already on a London dock in March 1957when she realized that her passport was missing. In just a few hours, she was due to depart on her first trip to Africa. A school friend had moved to a farm outside Nairobi and, knowing Goodall’s childhood dream was to live among the African wildlife,invited her to stay with the family for a while. Goodall, then 22,saved for two years to pay for her passage to Kenya:waitressing, doing secretarial work, temping at the post office in her hometown, Bournemouth, on England’s southern coast. Now all this was for naught, it seemed. It’s hard not to wonder how subsequent events in her life — rather consequential as they have turned out to be to conservation, to science, to our sense of ourselves as a species — might have unfolded differently had someone not found her passport, along with an itinerary from Cook’s, the travel agency, folded inside, and delivered it to the Cook’s office. An agency representative,documents in hand, found her on the dock. “Incredible,” Goodall told me last month, recalling that day. “Amazing.” Within two months of her arrival, Goodall met the paleontologist Louis Leakey —Nairobi was a small town for its white population in those days —and he immediately offered her a job at the natural-history museum where he was curator. He spent much of the next three years testing her capacity for repetitive work. He believed in a hypothesis first put forth by Charles Darwin that humans and chimpanzees sharean evolutionary ancestor. Close study of chimpanzees in the wild, he thought, might tell us something about that common progenitor. He was, in other words, looking for someone to live among Africa’s wild animals. One night, he told Goodall that he knew just the place where she could do it: Gombe Stream Chimpanzee Reserve, in the British colony of Tanganyika (now Tanzania). In July 1960, Goodall boarded a boat and after a few hours motoring over the warm, deep waters of Lake Tanganyika, she stepped onto the pebbly beach at Gombe. Her finding, published in Nature in 1964, that chimpanzees use tools —extracting insects from atermite mound with leaves of grass —drastically and forever altered humanity’s understanding of itself; man was no longer the natural world’s only user of tools. After two and a half decades of living out her childhood dream, Goodall made an abrupt career shift, from scientist to conservationist. 【第二篇】