英语说明文范文
1
The computer is a wonderful machine. It is the most important invention in many years. Today it is used a great deal in various fields. Especially, it is useful in automatic control and data processing. And now it is finding its way into the home.
Computer plays an important role in our life. They can do most of things people can do. They can give you information on buying and selling things, provide you with suggestions of how to deal with certain illness and how to solve the problems you are faced with. There is no doubt that people can live much easier with the help of the computer.
However, many scientists don't think that computers will replace us completely. No matter how clever they may become, computer are no more than an extension of our human brains
2. Something You Must Know
This library is and English Language teaching and learning library. If you want to borrow some books, you must fill out a library application form and put it in the box on the librarian's desk. Because of the large number of applications we receive each week, you must wait one
week. Please bring your student or work card to pick up your library card. Library application forms which are not picked up within 2 months will be discarded and you will have to reapply.
3. English Corner
English Corner is very useful to learn to communicate in English. Learning a foreign language requires four skills: reading, writing, listening and speaking. The English Corner is
a wonderful place to practise both listening and speaking. English Corner is also a good place
to meet new friends. When I went to English Corner last Sunday, I came across a variety of people, who all had one thing in common; that is they wanted to communicate in English. So
the atmosphere was relaxing. English Corner enlarges our would. As we listen to foreigners talking about their countries and customs, we learn many things that we can't learn from books.
Without you ,it would have never been possible. Thank you.
4.
This is a diagram of our schoolyard. It is four hundred meters long and three hundred meters wide. The school gate faces the south. Our teaching building stands in the middle of
our school yard. It is a building of five stories .The teachers' offices are on the third floor. There is a garden in front of the teaching building. On the left of the garden is our library. Our lab is
on the right of the garden. There is a large playground behind the teaching building. Many trees are planted around the school-yard.
5. English Dictionaries
Most English dictionaries will tell you a number of things about the language. There are three important things, spelling, pronunciation and meanings. The first is the spelling of
the words. If you are not sure about the spelling of a word, you can try to find the correct spelling in a dictionary. The words are always given in alphabetical order. The second thing is pronuncia- tion, Most dictionaries give the pronunciation of a word in a special kind of alphabet, which is
called phonetic. The third thing a dictionary will tell you is the meanings of words, Many
words have more than one meaning, and a good dictionary will explain all of the word's meanings. These are some of the important facts that you can learn from dictionaries.
6. Hans Christian Anderson
Hans Christian Anderson was a world-famous writer of fairy tales. He was born in 1805. When he was eleven his father died. His family was then so poor that he could not
go to school during his childhood. He learned sewing from a tailor. At the age of fourteen,
he went to work in a theatre. Later helped by some warm-hearted artists, he went to
school. In 1828, he began to get advanced education. After graduation, he devoted himself
to literature. He wrote plays, novels, poems and so on. He worked hard at literature. This
led to his great success. He wrote more than 160 stories in all .He was famous for his funny
fairy tales, which became popular all over the world. He died in 1875.
7. My favorite program
Nowadays radios and TVs play a more and more important role in our daily life.
There are many programs shown every day. Some of them are very good. My favorite program is “The Animal World”, which is broadcast by CCTV every Sunday night. The program provides us with natural scenes, the life of all kinds of wild animals and the wonderful explanation about it. We also acquire some knowledge about animals, even some plants. So in my opinion, it is an interesting as well as an instructive program. Be sides, the pictures are very beautiful. It's really a great joy to watch it. If you don't believe it, Just watch it yourself.
写作指导(7) 说明文 1．说明文是以说明为主要表达方式，用简洁明了的语言来解说事物、阐明事理，从而给读者提供知识的一种文体。 2．在高考书面表达中，其主要命题形式为图表式作文，有时也以图画式和提纲式作文来呈现写作材料。 3．它要求语言要简明扼要，通俗易懂，说明过程讲究层次性和条理性。 4．这种文体通常用第三人称，时态以一般现在时为主。 根据以下图画，写一篇英语短文，描述今昔通讯方式的变化，以及这些变化给人们生活带来的影响。
注意：1.词数：100左右； 2．参考词汇：通讯communicate (with sb.)vi.，communication n．；互联网the Internet n．。 案例分析⊙ 从材料的呈现方式(两幅图对比)及材料所提出的要求“描述变化及影响”可知，本文应该用说明文体来写作。时态的把握是本文的一大难点，一般情况下，说明文应用一般现在时，但本文描述的是今昔通讯方式的变化，所以在描写过去通讯方式的时候要用一般过去时，例如：In the past，people kept in touch with each other mainly by writing letters or using the public telephone及 It used__to__take several days to hear from each other.在描写过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响时，谓语动词要用现在完成时，例如本文的起始句可用“Great changes have__taken__place in the
way of communication in people’s life in recent years”及讲述影响的过渡句“With these changes，people’s pace of life has__been__quickened__and people’s work has__been__made more efficient ”。相对来说，本文用第三人称容易把握。 Great changes have taken place in the way of communication in people’s life in recent years. In the past，people kept in touch with each other mainly by writing letters or using the public telephone.But now almost everyone has his own mobile phone.People can communicate with each other almost at any place and at any time.What’s more，people have easy access to the Internet，which enables them to send and receive emails whenever they like.With these changes，people’s pace of life has been quickened and people’s work has been made more efficient.It used to take several days to hear from each other，but now it takes only
英语说明文写作课教案
英语说明文写作课教案 【篇一：高三英语写作课教学设计】 高三英语写作课教学设计 （时间:2009-3-11 15:04:26 ） 一、教学目标 知识目标：1、明确高考书面表达的要求，学会在规定时间内完成审题、确定文体、抓住要点、组织语言、书写修改等一系列工作。 2、学会内容表达的完整性、行文的连贯性、遣词造句的准确性。能力目标：提高学生写作水平和综合运用英语的能力。 二、教学辅助：多媒体 三、教学过程： （一）lead-in 导入的任务是唤起注意，酝酿情绪，带入特定的语言交际场。在教师的指导下进行回答问题，小组讨论。 1、要求学生回答下列问题： what is pocket money? do you have pocket money? 2、四人小组讨论下列题目： how do we deal with our pocket money? 通过以上提问，让学生尽快进入角色，对如何使用零花钱，说出自己的看法。让学生分小组活动，四人一组，教师巡视，需要时给予帮助，并参与学生的讨论。引导学生扩大词汇量和英语惯用法，指导他
们掌握英语基本句型，尤其是五个基本句型和动词句型。然后，选出某一小组的代表向全班汇报他们小组讨论的内容，再请1—2位学生发表他们的观点。 3、将“how to use our pocket money?” 写在黑板中的上方。向学生布置接下来的任务：today we are going to discuss how to write a report on “how to use pocket money for high school student?” （二）presentation 指导学生分析写作材料，找出所有内容要点，已有材料，掌握事实。用大屏幕展示写作材料： 书面表达（满分25分）（nmet2004天津卷） 假设你班将举行一次英语班会，主题为“中学生应如何使用家长给的零花钱”。请你根据提示写一篇发言稿。 使用方式好处 存入银行养成节约的习惯 购买书籍获取知识 其他培养兴趣（音乐、体育、集邮等） 注意：1、词数：100左右； 2、考词汇：零用钱——pocket money dear friends,_______________________________________________ ________________ ______________________________________________________ _______________ ______________________________________________________
高考英语指导写作专题：图表说明文 一，图表说明 1，分类：数字表、函数关系图、曲线图(graph)；表格(table)；几何图形(figure)；图形表、饼状图(pie chart)；条状图、柱状图(bar chart)； 平面图、示意图、外形图(diagram)。 2，一般可分三个层次来写： 按照题目要求描述图表反映的总情况，即概括大意。 对数字进行仔细的比较，抓住特点进行分析、归纳并找出产生变化的原因。 读图表后的想法、结论、评论或针对反映出的问题采取的解决措施。 二．表达方式： 1，常用的描述句型The table/chart/diagram/graph shows that ... According to the table/chart/diagram/graph... As is shown in the table/chart/diagram/graph... As can be seen from the table/chart/diagram/graph/figures... We can see from the figures/statistics... It is clear/ apparent from the figures/statistics... 2．图表中数据(data)的具体表达法 数据(data)在某一个时间段固定不变：fixed in time 在一系列的时间段中转变：changes over time 增加：increase/raise/rise/... 减少：decrease/grow down/drop/fall/decline 稳定：remain stable 3．描写变化的形容词及副词 rapid/rapidly，dramatic/dramatically，significant/significantly，sharp/sharply steep/steeply，steady/steadily，gradual/gradually，slow/slowly，slight/slightly 三、写作模板 As (is) shown/indicated by the figure/in the table/graph/pie chart/chart，_____ has been increased/decreased significantly/steadily from _____ to_____. From the sharp decline/rise in the chart，it goes without saying that_____. There are at least two reasons accounting for / contributing to ____. On the one hand, _____ On the other hand, _____. _____is due to the fact that_____. In addition， _____is responsible for_____. Maybe there are other reasons to show. But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing/persuasive. As far as I am concerned，I hold the view that_____. I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded. 四，作文范例 1，最近你校对中学生的消费情况进行了调查。请根据调查表提供的信息写一篇英语短文，简要介绍调查结果并谈谈你对中学生消费的看法。
英语作文说明文 说明文类 写作指导 说明文的出题形式为文字提示或图表，文体有报道、投稿、书信等。写作步骤如下： 第一步：审题，确定主题句、主体时态(一般以现在时态为主)和中心人称； 第二步：在主题句后按提示顺序将各要点以完整的句子表达出来； 第三步：用过渡词将上下文的逻辑关系体现出来。 常用词有： ①表示时间：now, then, afterwards, soon, five minutes later,before long, shortly after that, soon after supper, to this day, just now, just then ②表示顺序、动作过程：first, firstly, first of all, second, secondly, at first, at last, next ③表示转折：but, yet, and yet, however, although, otherwise, in spite of ④表示结果：thus, therefore, so, as a result, seeing that, luckily, unfortunately ⑤表示强调：above all, indeed, surely, certainly, of course, after all, without any delay, at least, at most ⑥表示并列：and, also, as well as, and then ⑦表示递进：besides, what's more, in addition, even, once more, what was worse ⑧表示解释和说明：that is to say, namely, for example, actually, and so on, such as, believe it or not,to tell you the truth,according this, for this reason ⑨表示比较、对比：just like, just as, in the same way, more or less, sooner or later, on the contrary, on the other hand ⑩表示总结：finally, in conclusion, in a word, in general, generally speaking, in short, as you know, in the end 需要注意的是：使用上述过渡性词必须根据上下文需要的原则，力求自然，决不可牵强附会，让人感觉别扭。 精选范文 以“早起是好习惯”为题写篇议论文。请围绕以下几点来写： ①早起与健康； ②早起与学习； ③早起与一天的活动。 (字数80～120，要求自拟标题) Getting Up Early Is a Good Habit Getting up early is a good habit. It is very important to our health, our study, our life and so on. First, getting up early helps to keep us strong. We can do morning exercises in the open air in the morning and breathe fresh air to build our bodies. Second, getting up early helps us to memorize what we have learned in class by reading aloud in the morning. Third, getting up early can help us to find enough time to prepare our work of the day. If we stick to getting up early every day, it will do us a lot of good. 练习 ①某国际性英语刊物有一个介绍各国风俗习惯的专栏，请为该专栏写一篇短文，简单介绍中国的农历新年(春节)。请包括以下要点： a．春节是中国人的重要节日；
英语说明文的写作方法 1.罗列法（listing） 在文章开始时提出需要说明的东西和观点，然后常用first，second，…and finally加以罗列说明。罗列法广泛地使用于各类指导性的说明文之中。 罗列法经常用下列句式展开段落，我们可以注意模仿学习 There are several good reasons why we should learn a foreign language. First of all，…Secondly，…And finally，… We should try our best to plant more trees for several good reasons First of all，…Secondly，…And finally，必须指出的是，有时罗列法并不一定有明确的first，second…等词，但文章还是以罗列论据展开的。 2.举例法（examples） 举例法是用具体的例子来说明我们要表达的意思，常用for example，for instance，still another example is…等词语引出 举例法和罗列法有时可以结合使用：即用罗列法来列出例子，用例子充实罗列的说明。 3.比较法（comparison and contrast） 比较法是对两个对象进行比较，从而进行说明的写作手法。比较法又可细分为比较相同点（comparison）和比较不同点（contrast）两种方法 在比较相同点的时候，常用到similarly，also，too，in the same case，in spite of the difference等这样的词语。however，on the other hand，in contrast，but，nevertheless等表示转折的词语常用来引导对不同点的比较。 4.定义法（definition） 定义法也是英语说明文中常用的写作手法，特别是在对具体事物概念进行说明时经常使用。定义法的基本要素是定义句。英语中常见定义句的模式是 被定义对象is所属类别+限制性定语比如 A bat is a small mouse-like animal that flies at night and feeds on（以…为食品）fruit and insects but is not a bird. 5.顺序法（sequence of time，space and process） 顺序法是指按时间、空间或过程的顺序进行说明的一种写作手法。比如按照时间顺序介绍一个科学家的生平，用空间顺序阐述逐渐开发西部的重要意义，用过程顺序法解释葡萄酒的生产过程等等。 6.分类法（classification）分类法是将写作对象进行分类说明的一种写作手法 Some books are to be tasted，others to be swallowed，and some few to be chewed and digested， that is，some books are to be read only in parts，others to be read，but not curiously，and some f ew to be read wholly，and with diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy， and extracts made of them by others；but that would be only in the less important arguments， and the meaner sort of books…
图表作文写作指导 图表作文至少包含描述图表与解释原因两个部分，而当前的图表作文大多还有第三个段落。图表作文的规律性很强，不像图画式作文那样富于变化。 1．首段的写作 图表作文有表格（table）、柱形图（bar chart）、饼状图（pie chart）和折线图（diagram）之分，后三种都属于图表的范畴（chart）。不管是chart还是table，都需要进行描述，一般放在文章的第一部分，长度宜适中。描述数据我们要首先看看是几个变量（A），每个变量有几个数据（B），不妨以A*B表示。 如果只有一个变量，有三个数据，可以描述如下： From the chart we can see clearly that the average number of hours a student spends on Internet per week has increased from less than two hours in 1998 to nearly four hours in 2000, and then to 20 hours in 2004. 如果是最常见的是2*3的情形，可以描述如下： From the chart, we can see clearly that in a big city in China, state-owned houses declined from 75% in 1990 to 60% in 1995 and then to 20% in 2000, while private houses rose from 25% to 40% and then to 80% during the same period. 这里用了while引起从句来突显对比，是一种非常好的办法，如果用两句话来描述，也完全可以。 如果是1*n（n>3）的情形，将头与尾描述出来即可，比较好的方法就是在句中描述最后一个与第一个相比变化了多少。 碰到多变量、每个变量多数据的情形，大家应首先进行分类，分成上升、下降两类，或者上升、下降、不变三类，这样问题就迎刃而解了。 2．第二段的写作 第二段是解释原因的段落。我们谈谈两个问题。 首先是过渡句这个问题。这里不大可能放在第一段，因为第一段不可能像某些命题作文那样简洁（如只有一句）——例如提纲式作文中的批驳类文章中除第二段首句批驳之外还有首段末句批驳，效果很强烈。 其次就是此段的主题句(topic sentence)的问题。此句或主观或客观，并无拘束，只要上下文风格统一即可。 主观：We believe that three reasons can account for this phenomenon. I believe that three reasons can account for this phenomenon. In my mind, the reasons why the overseas students are on the rise are as follows. 主观之变体（使用插入语，突显主语）：Three reasons, we believe, can account for this phenomenon. Three reasons, I believe, can account for this phenomenon. Three reasons, I firmly believe, can account for this phenomenon. 注意:插入语的使用属于看似平淡却极富功力的技巧，可以达到很好的效果。
说明文阅读理解技巧点拨 科普说明文是以说明为主要表达方式的文章体裁，包括自然科学类和社会科学类，反映和总结处于世界前沿的自然科学和技术工程（如太空探索、环境保护、生物进化、人体生理、物质微观探索、植物转基因研究等）及社会科学方面的发展状况、科研动向和最新科研成果。 一、文体特点 科普说明文是阅读理解考查的主要体裁之一，地位举足轻重。2017年高考科普说明文的占比继续提升（见下表），全国7套试卷中，除了天津卷以外的6份高考卷均有科普说明文的考查，江苏卷延续2016年的风格，考查了两篇科普说明文。了解此类试题的命题特点及解题策略，对于考生提升高考阅读理解的分数十分重要。 2017年高考英语科普说明文考查情况统计表 目录试卷位置主要内容 全国新课标I 卷阅读D篇介绍了一种可以自己亲手制作的太阳能蒸馏器的方法和它的工作原理。 全国新课标II 卷阅读C篇介绍了新型交通工具陆空两用汽车的独特性能和前景。 全国新课标III 卷阅读D篇介绍了老年人开车会面临的问题及相应的解决办法。 北京卷阅读D篇随着科技的发展，人工智能(AI)可能会超出人类的控制。 浙江卷阅读B篇介绍了当今美国青少年晚睡的坏习惯，以及产生的原因和应对措施等。 江苏卷阅读B、D篇 B：介绍了一项新发现：幼鸟在被孵化前母鸟便教它们识别声音了。 D：世界各地适应如今全球变暖的气候的方法。
1. 阅读材料的选择 由上表可见，科普说明文的取材具有如下特点：（1）说明性。科普说明文的写作目的在于介绍科学知识，如全国新课标Ⅰ卷D篇。（2）单一性。一篇科普说明文，一般只说明一个科学现象，介绍一种科学知识，2017年各地的试卷中的科普说明文都具备这一特点。（3）通俗性。科普说明文介绍的知识多是普及性的，所以要求用通俗有趣的语言，深入浅出地进行说明，如浙江卷B篇。值得关注的是，最近几年的科普说明文的取材有新的趋势；（4）专业性。少数选题表现为篇幅长、生词多、逻辑性强、长难句多、话题陌生且枯燥，表达方式专业化的特点，如江苏卷B篇。 2. 语篇结构/文体特点 科普说明文强调知识性，以说明为主要表达方式，无论是自然科学类和社会科学类，篇章结构都具有结构严谨、逻辑性强等特点，因此识别和理解科普说明文的语篇结构往往是读懂文章的关键因素之一。科普说明文在结构上常用的写作方法有：（1）总分式。在说明事物或事理时，段落（层次）之间常为由总到分、由分到总。（2）承接式。各层次之间按照时间、因果、条件、发展过程等关系安排，前后之间相互承接。（3）递进式。说明的事物以发展进程为序，由简单到复杂、由低层到高层、或由开始到终结，各层次之间的关系由浅入深，后面的内容为前面内容基础上的进一步说明。 3. 语言特点 科普说明文的词汇具有单一性、准确性和学术性的特点，一般不带有感情色彩；句式结构复杂、长难句多；语法分析较为困难，常使用被动语态、虚拟语气等；修辞手段丰富，容易造成理解的障碍。其中，常见的修辞手段有：（1）下定义。为说明的对象给出一个明确的概念或界定。（2）举例子。举出有代表性的恰当的例子来真切地说明事物的特征。（3）做比较。对事物外部或内部关系的比较增加说明事物的效果。（4）打比方。适当运用比喻以增强说明对象的形象性和生动性。 4. 设题特点 科普说明文的设题方式很多，可以考查学生多种阅读技能，加之素材和话题陌生的因素，科普说明文往往是学生阅读理解的重灾区。从阅读微技能的角度，科普说明文的题目设置常为： （1）细节理解 48. Vaillant’s team obtained their findings by ______.（2016年天津卷第48题）
高中英语满分写作模板：说明文写作模板 万能句型 (1)It is located in/situated in... 它坐落在…… (2)China is a large country with a long history and much population. 中国是一个历史悠久、人口众多的大国。 (3)The Great Wall of China dates back to more than 2，500 years ago. 中国长城的历史可以追溯到2 500多年前。 (4)New Zealand has a population of about 3.8 million people, of which about fourteen percent are Maori. 新西兰有大约380万人，其中约14%是毛利人。 (5)You will never regret if you pay a visit to it. 如果你参观它，你将绝对不会后悔的。 (6)It is really a great feast for your eyes. 它真的会让你大饱眼福。 (7)A trip to China will make you know more about it besides/as well as/in addition to/apart from its culture and history. 中国之行，除了它的文化和历史之外，将会让你知道得更多。
(8)Go along the street until you come to the traffic lights. 沿这条路一直走到红绿灯那儿。 (9)My home is not far from here. It's only five minutes' walk. 我家离这儿不远，只有步行5分钟的路程。 (10)As a matter of fact, the main cause of it is... 实际上，它的主要原因是…… (11)To ensure success, there is one more thing that you must bear in mind, that is... 为了确保成功，还有一点你必须记住，那就是…… (12)If you can do what has been mentioned above, you can guarantee success. 如果你能做到上面提到的，你就可以取得成功。 黄金模板 模板A 解决问题型模板： 要求考生列举出解决问题的多种途径。基本结构是：(1)问题的现状和严重性;(2)怎样解决(不同解决方案的优点和缺点);(3)对解决该问题的看法。
英语说明文范文 1 2. something you must know this library is and english language teaching and learning library. if you want to borrow some books, you must fill out a library application form and put it in the box on the librarians desk. because of the large number of applications we receive each week, you must wait oneweek. please bring your student or work card to pick up your library card. library application forms which are not picked up within 2 months will be discarded and you will have to reapply. 3. english corner without you ,it would have never been possible. thank you. 4. this is a diagram of our schoolyard. it is four hundred meters long and three hundred meters wide. the school gate faces the south. our teaching building stands in the middle of our school yard. it is a building of five stories .the teachers offices are on the third floor. there is a garden in front of the teaching building. on the left of the garden is our library. our lab is on the right of the garden. there is a large playground behind the teaching building. many trees are planted around the school-yard. 5. english dictionaries most english dictionaries will tell you a number of things about the language. there are three important things, spelling, pronunciation and meanings. the first is the spelling of the words. if you are not sure about the spelling of a word, you can try to find the correct spelling in a dictionary. the words are always given in alphabetical order. the second thing is pronuncia- tion, most dictionaries give the pronunciation of a word in a special kind of alphabet, which is called phonetic. the third thing a dictionary will tell you is the meanings of words, many words have more than one meaning, and a good dictionary will explain all of the words meanings. these are some of the important facts that you can learn from dictionaries. 6. hans christian anderson hans christian anderson was a world-famous writer of fairy tales. he was born in 1805. when he was eleven his father died. his family was then so poor that he could not go to school during his childhood. he learned sewing from a tailor. at the age of fourteen, he went to work in a theatre. later helped by some warm-hearted artists, he went to school. in 1828, he began to get advanced education. after graduation, he devoted himself to literature. he wrote plays, novels, poems and so on. he worked hard at literature. this led to his great success. he wrote more than 160 stories in all .he was famous for his funny fairy tales, which became popular all over the world. he died in 1875. 7. my favorite program nowadays radios and tvs play a more and more important role in our daily life.
分类法 分类就是按照事物的不同特点将它们划成多个类别。事物可以按照不同的标准进行分类，标准则取决于分类的成因。例如，在分析某系学生的构成情况时，如果想了解他们的学习情况，可以将他们根据考试成绩划分为若干组；如果想研究是否有可能组织一场足球比赛或是篮球比赛，可以根据对足球和篮球的爱好程度把学生划分成若干组。 不管分类的目的是什么，分类的标准必须具有普适性和排他性，也就是说分类标准必须覆盖分类样本集中的所有样本元素，而且样本集中的任一元素只能隶属于分类标准项次中的唯一一项。例如，把学生分成男生、女生和运动员是不合适的，这一标准违反了排他性原则，因为某个学生可能是男生的同时又是运动员，他占据了两个分类项次。再如，把学生分成中学生和大学生在有些情况下也不一定合适，该标准违反了普适性原则，即有些学生既不是中学生也不是大学生（如小学生）。 表示分类的名词： 种：kind, sort, type 类：group, classification, category 组成成员：member 分部/分支：division/branch 纲：class 目：order 科：family 属：genus 种：species 表示分类的动词和动词短语： 将……按……分类（排序）：class, classify, divide, categorize, group, place, arrange 属于某一类：belong to, fall into, be classed with 包括若干类：there be, contain, consist of, comprise, include, be composed of, be comprised of 组成……类：make up, constitute, compose E x e r c i s e s 1. Read the following passages and discuss whether they follow the classification criterion of exclusiveness and inclusiveness. Passage 1:
英语写作说明文范文求英文说明文模板英文说明文模板,从比较对照、分类、特征、因果、人物描写、地点描写、物体描写分别讲解，最后附上常用的句型。 说明文是对事情的发生、发展、结果、特征、性质、状态、功能等进行解释、介绍、阐述的一种文体。这类文章的目的和性质是客观地介绍、解释事物，使读者获得知识和信息，并不需要发表主张、做出证明。一般说来，知识简介，商品介绍，旅游指南，科技读物，工作总结，实验报告，教材辅导等均属说明文之列。 写说明文，可以按时间、空间、结构、逻辑顺序来写，也可以采取举例、比较、对比、分类、分析、说明、叙述等方法。 1.比较对照 比较对照有两种，一是逐点比较，二是整块比较，即AB交错或先A后B： 1）逐点比较：多数人认为这种AB交错的方式可以避免行文的单调沉闷，对比的效果更鲜明突出。如：
There are basic differences between largeand small enterprises. In a small enterprise, you operated mainly throughpersonal contacts. In a large enterprise, you have established “policies” ,“channels” of organization, and fairly strict procedure. In the smallenterprise you have immediate effectiveness in a very small area. You can seethe effect of your work and of your decisions ground. In the large organizationyou are normally taught one thing thoroughly. In the small one the danger is ofbeing a Jack-of-all-trades-but-master-of-none. In the large it is ofbeing the man who knows more and more about less and less. 2) 整块比较 It is easy to be a winner. A winner canshow his joy publicly. He can laugh and sing and dance and celebrate hisvictory. People love to be with winners. Winners are never lonely. Unlikewinners, losers are the lonely ones of the world. It is difficult to facedefeat with dignity. Losers can not show their disappointment publicly. Theycan not cry or grieve about their defeat. They may suffer
Different Computer Users Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Different Computer Users. You should write at least 150 words and base your composition on the outline given below in Chinese: 1. 介绍不同人群使用计算机的不同目的； 2. 指出所有计算机用户的共同点。 Although all computers are basically the same, people are using computers for different purposes. There are various types of computer users. The followings are the most common types of computer users. Hackers spend most of their time breaking into others' computers, trying to get through security systems of various networks connected to the Internet. These people stay up for hours looking for codes and passwords for various systems on the Internet in the hope of obtaining some valuable information. The game freaks are the people who spend their time playing games online. They stay up till dawn, shooting and dodging bullets from other people on the Internet. Some even show their pride in their favorite games by wearing game T-shirts as well as putting up many game posters in their rooms. The shoppers are the people who are constantly surfing the Internet for all sorts of items, such as the latest clothes, accessories, books and online services. They want to be able to brag about having bought their clothes more cheaply than anyone else, or are proud of having found unusual styles. The down-loaders are the people who use computers mainly for the purpose of downloading. They leave their computers on through the night or even through the day downloading music, movies, programs, and so on. Most of these users are similar in one aspect: they spend many hours in front of their computer screen, staring and typing through the night. How I Finance My College Education Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: How I Finance My College Education. You should write at least 150 words and base your composition on the outline given below in Chinese: 1. 上大学的费用（tuition and fees）可以通过多种途径解决； 2. 哪种途径适合我（说明理由）。 With the ever-increasing number of students in college in China, universities can no longer be financed exclusively by the government. And now, all the college students must pay for their tuition. There are various ways for a student to finance his college education. If the student is excellent in his studies, he can apply for scholarship. Most universities set up scholarship to offer money to poor students who do well in