2014MPA英语真题

2014年12⽉⾼等学校英语应⽤能⼒考试A级真题2014年12⽉⾼等学校英语应⽤能⼒考试A级试题Part I Listening Comprehension(20minutes) Directions:This part is to test your listening ability.It consists of4sections.Section ADirections:This section is to test your ability to understand short dialogues.There are5 recorded dialogues in it.After each dialogue,there is a recorded question.Both the dialogues and questions will be spoken only once.When you hear a question,you should decide on the correct answer from the4choices marked A):B),C)and D)given in your test paper.Then you should mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Example:You will hear:You will read:A)New York City.B)An evening party.C)An air trip.D)The man's job.From the dialogue we learn that the man is to take a flight to New York.Therefore,C)An air trip is the correct answer,You should markC)on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.[A][B][C][D]Now the test will begin.1.A)Production planning.C)Financial affairs.B)Public relations.D)Import and Export.2.A)More workers are needed.C)Workers'salaries are higher,B)Advertising costs more.D)Raw materials are more expensive.3.A)To look for a dream job.C)To find a chance to do business.B)To continue his study.D)To visit his friends.4.A)Fie is suitable for the job.C)He is nice and kind.B)He is good at programming.D)He finds the job difficult.5.A)Interviewer and interviewee.C)Doctor and nurse.B)Buyer and seller.D)Shop assistant and customer.Section BDirections:This section is to test your ability to understand short conversations,There are2 recorded conversations in it.After each conversation there are some recorded questions.Both the conversations and questions will be spoken two times.When you hear a question,you should decide on the correct answer from the4choices marked A),B),C)and D)given in your test paper. Then you should mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Now listen to the conversations.Conversation16.A)He was too busy.C)His company has closed down.B)He got a new offer.D)His company has moved away.7.A To move to another city.)C)To have his own business.B)To do social work.D)To go to study abroad.Conversation28.A)The chief engineer.C)The office secretary.B)The sales manager.D)The manager assistant.9.A)He's attending a meeting.C)He's speaking on another phone,B)He's giving a lecture.D)He's away on a business trip.10.A)Telling him to meet tomorrow.C)Asking him to attend a party.B)Telling him to send a sample.D)Asking him to call back.Section CDirections:In this section you will hear a recorded short passage.The passage is printed in the test paper,but with some words or phrases missing,The passage will be read two times.You are required to put the missing words or phrases on,the Answer Sheet in order of the numbered blanks according to what you hear.Now the passage will begin.Ladies and Gentlemen,It's my honor to be the guide to show you around our company.First of all,I'll introduce our factory to you.Our company__11__in the1980s.We mainly produce electronic goods and export them. all over the world.We__12__of about US$80million last year,and our business is growing steadily.We now have offices in Asia,North America and Europe,with about1500employees, and we are working gladly to__13__of our customers.In order to further develop our overseas market,we need more agents to__14__our products.I hope you will__15__doing business with us.Thank you!Section DDirections:This section is to test your ability to comprehend short passages.You will hear a recorded passage.After that you will hear five questions.Both the passage and the questions will be read two times.When you hear a question,you should complete the answer to it with a word or a short phrase(in no more than3words).The questions and incomplete answers are printed in your test paper.You should write your answers on the Answer Sheet correspondingly.Now listen to the passage.16.What did the speaker talk about last time?The____________of an oral presentation.17.What does the speaker want to talk about today?The___________of a presentation.18.What does a typical presentation consist of?The beginning,___________________.19.Why is the beginning of a presentation the most important part,according to the speaker?Because it is the___________to your listeners,20.What is the role an effective beginning can play in your presentation?It can draw____________and set the proper tone.partⅡ(10minutes)structureDirections:This part is to test your ability to construct grammatically correct sentences.It consists of2sections.Section ADirections:In this section,there are10incomplete sentence.You are required to complete each one by deciding on the most appropriate word or words from the4choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then you should mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the center.21.the number in full-time employment fell employment fell by2million,the number of people in part-time work doubled to over4million.A)Unless C)WhileB)Until D)Since22.It was your recommendation enabled me to be an engineer in this world–famous company.A)when C)whatB)who D)that23.Now the pollution caused by the increasing number of cars more and more seriousin many cities.A)become C)is becomingB)became D)had become24.We understand you need easy access up-to-date information about your accounts inmany cities.A)in C)forB)to D)with25.It is common practice a battery when it still has some life in it.A)to charge C)chargedB)charge D)having charged26.We have to investigate as customers as possible in order to make sure of the potential of the market.A)many C)moreB)much D)most27.As lone as you keep on hard,you’ll get promoted sooner or later.A)work C)workedB)be working D)working28.There are4.9million businesses in the UK,99%of are small business.A)which C)whoseB)that D)it29.by all the team members,they finally got the big project for their company.A)To be supported C)SupportingB)Having supported D)Supported30.This article tells the readers they can look for in an employee’s abilities.A)that C)whichB)what D)howSectionBDirections：There are5incompiete statement here.You should fill in each blank with the proper form of the word given inbrackets.Write the word or words in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.31.The proposal that the head of the team made at the meeting sounds(reason).32.Generally speaking,once you(make)the payment,the goods should be delivered within a week.33.It is that advertising is the(expensive)of all the promotional activities undertaken by businesses.34.The company suffered greatly during the economic crisis,with considerable loss of its(invest).35.It is reported that an international conference(hold)in London next Friday.PartⅢReading Comprehension(40minutes) Directions：This part is to test your reading ability.There are5tasks for you tofulfill.You should read the reading materials carefully and do the tasks as you areinstructed.Task1Directions：After reading the following passage,you will find5questions or un finished statements,numbered36to40.For each question or statement there are4choices marked A)B) C)and D).You should make the correct choice and mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the center.We try to ensure that GFL Solid Waste Haulage(清运)Division is a company that acts safely and responsibly at all times and in all places.We never tolerate any conduct that puts our customers and the communities we serve at risk.At GFL,safety is more than a program;it is a core value of our company.GFL is equally committed to improving the environment for the future of the communities we live in and we serve.we believe that our services play an essential part in improving the environment and we are always mindful of having the most cost-effective waste management solutions for our customers.We are committed to the safety of our workers and have programs in place to continually upgrade our worker safety and environmental practices.We have highly qualified staff,we use the best available equipment and we are fully committed to keeping our workplace safe and the environment clean.Over the past years,service requests have changed dramatically from basic waste disposal to comprehensive waste management or“green”programs.Our new“green”waste management program is now gaining respect and popularity in the community.For more information,contact GFL at cssupport@/doc/2dd1c1cdf7ec4afe04a1df92.html .36.Accoring to the passage,GFL doesn’t allow any conduct that will.A)cause any noise to the environmentB)produce waste in the communitiesC)waste more nature resourcesD)do harm to its customers37.The core value of GFL Solid Waste Haulage Division is.A)profitB)safetyC)efficiencyD)responsibility38.In the first paragraph,“we are always mindful of…”means“”.A)we are always worried about…B)we always look forward to…C)we are always aware of…D)we always put up with…39.What does GFL do with its worker safety and environmental practices,according to the second paragraph?A)Continually upgrade themB)Keep using the traditional methodsC)Hire new workers to clean the environmentD)Import new technology from overseas companies40.What can we learn about the company’s new“green”waste management program?A)The quality of waste management has become worse.B)The program is becoming more and more popular.C)Waste management has remained unchanged.D)More workers are involved in the program.Task2Directions:This task is the same as Task1.The5questions or unfinished statements are numbered41to45.Many jobs have been lost and they may not be coming back.Some occupations had already been declining for years due to advance in technology and changes in the global economy.The following is a list of careers that are disappearing.Stage PerformersThe five-year decline for this career was a surprising61%.Stage performances have fallen out of fashion and have been almost entirely replaced with movies and home entertainment technologies.Postal service mail sortersAfter losing almost57,000jobs between2004and2009,a further30%decline in this occupation can be seen by2018.With more automatic processes for mail sorting and increasing correspondence via e-mail and fax,this job is quickly becoming unnecessary.Office support workersAbout300,000office support jobs disappeared between2004and2009.Secretaries and file clerks are no longer in demand as companies cut costs.Moreover,technologies like voicemail and easy-to-use word processors have enabled professionals to do their own office work.Photo processorsWith the rise of digital photography and automatic printing,positions for manual photo printers are rapidly disappearing.The occupation has been steadily losing jobs in the last five years and there might be a24%decline by2018.Radio operatorsAs technology advances,the need for workers to monitor communications via radio telephone equipment is disappearing.This already small field saw a five-year decline of43%.41.According to the first paragraph,because of the advances in technology and global economic changes,.A.Many jobs are disappearing sharplyB.Many new occupations are emergingC.People are attracted to higher-paying jobsD.Part-time jobs have become more popular42.One reason why the career of stage performers is declining so fast is that.A.Stage performers can no longer earn big moneyB.Fewer people are qualified as stage performersC.There is less investment in in stage performancesD.Stage performances have become less popular43.The benefit of using new technologies in the office is that.A.Office workers can work on a flexible work systemB.Professionals are able to do their own office workC.Secretaries and file clerks are badly in needD.Employees can enjoy better social welfare44.The author expects that by2018the occupation of photo processors might decline by.A.61%B.43%C.30%D.24%45.Which of the following might be best title of the passage?A.Advanced TechnologiesB.Rising UnemploymentC.Disappearing CareersD.Global EconomyTask3Directions:The following is a short introduction to AIL Sales Representatives.After reading it,you are required to complete the outline below it(No.46to No.50).You should write your answers briefly(in no more than three words)on the Answer Sheet correspondingly.In American Income Life Company(AIL),sales representatives have servants’heart.Our team members make every effort to protect hard-working,middle-income families with insurance coverage(承保范围).We also believe whole heartedly in giving back to the communities in which we operate.American Income Life gives off its time and resources to help make the world a better place.Sales experience is not required to be a representative.Just the willingness to work hard.Whatmakes American Income Life unique is that our work system enables our sales team to focus on selling,which is what makes this career truly opportunity unlimited.Simply said,you earn what you’re worth based on how hard you work;and how fast you want to advance.At American Income Life you will find a career,not a job.You will also find free training opportunities,and leadership experience,too.American Income Life’s independent agency offices provide sales training focused on insurancesales.Training includes working one-on-one with experienced sales agents both in the classroom and in the field.Sales Representatives of AILAims:1)to protect middle-income families2)to give back to46.Features:1)having servants’hearts2)willingness to47.3)being able to focus on48.Benefits:1)49sales training opportunities2)50experienceTask4Directions:The following is a list of term used in International Trade.After reading it,you are required to find the items equivalent to(与…等同)those given in Chinese in the table below.Then you should put the corresponding letters in brackets on the answer sheet,numbered 51through55.A Cost of goods soldB Channel of distributionC Commission percentD Competitive percentE Current assetsF Current debtG Direct cost of salesH Earning before taxesI Effective demandJ Advance paymentK Advising bankL Letter of creditM Paying bankN Capital marketO Cost and freightP Import licenseQ Joint ventureExamples:(A)售出物成本(H)税前收益51.（）现有债务（）预付款52.（）信⽤证（）合资企业53.（）竞争优势（）有效需求54.（）付款银⾏（）成本加运费55.（）直销成本（）资本市场Task5Directions:Read the following passage.After reading it,you should give brief answer to the5 question(No.56to No.60)that follow.The answer(in no more than three words)should be written after the corresponding numbers on the Answer Sheet. Act now to get a student loanMake no payments while in school with a Wells Fargo private student loan.A college education is a worthwhile investment,but sometimes you need help covering all the costs.Wells Fargo private student loans may be able to help you pay for all eligibleeducation-related expenses,including tuition,housing,books,a laptop,lab fees,and more. Other benefits include:--Make no payments until six months after leaving school--Select a competitive fixed or variable interest rate option--Reduce your loan cost with our interest rate discountsApplying with a co-signer（联署⼈；担保⼈）may improve your chance of getting approved and help you qualify for a lower interest rate.Learn more about undergraduate student loans for traditional colleges and universities or career and community colleges.Or call our toll-free number1-877-315-7721.Our Student Loan Specialists ae here to help you through the progress─from helping you make an informed choice on the loan that meets your needs,to helping you estimate how much you may need to borrow.56.What is introduced in the passage?A Wells Fargo loan.57.What expenses can be paid with the loan?All eligible expenses.58.What is the advantage of the loan in terms of the repayment period?No payment is made until six months after.59.Why are you advised to apply for your loan with a co-signer?To have a better chance of and being qualified for a lower interest rate.60.What can the Students Loan Specialists do to help you in your application?They can help you through in your application.Part IV Translation—English into Chinese(25minutes) Direction:This part,numbered61through65,is to test your ability to translate English into Chinese.After each of the sentences numbered61to64,you will read three choices of suggested translation marked A),B)and C).You should choose the best translation and mark the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Andfor the paragraph numbered65,write your translation in the corresponding space on the Translation/Composition Sheet. 61.In order to increase cash flow and limit layoffs,the company has decided that salary reductions are absolutely necessary at this time.A)公司收到增加现⾦收⼊和加快裁员的决定，认为这⼀决定⼗分适合。

2014年高考全国卷英语听力第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）1. What does the woman want to do?A. Find a place.B. Buy a map.C. Get an address.2. What will the man do for the woman?A. Repair her car.B. Give her a ride.C. Pick up her aunt.3. Who might Mr. Peterson be?A. A new professor.B.A department head.C.A company director.4. What does the man think of the book?A. Quite difficult.B. Very interesting.C. Too simple.5. What are the speakers talking about?A. Weather.B. Clothes.C. News.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。

6. Why is Harry unwilling to join the woman?A. He has a pain in his knee.B. He wants to watch TV.C. He is too lazy.7. What will the woman probably do next?A. Stay at home.B. Take Harry to hospital.C. Do some exercise.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。

8. When will the man be home from work7A. At 5:45.B. At 6:15.C. At 6:50.9. Where will the speakers go?A. The Green House Cinema.B. The New State Cinema.C. The UME Cinema. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。

2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试管理类专业硕士学位联考英语试卷注：答案详解在后边Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET1.(10points)Thinner isn’t always better.A number of studies have_1_that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight.And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually_2_.For example,heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women._3_,among the elderly,being somewhat overweight is often an_4_of good health.Of even greater_5_is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define.It is often_6_ body mass index,or BIMI_7_body mass divided by the square of height.An adult with a BIMI of 18to25is often considered to be normal weight.Between25to30is overweight.And over30is considered obese.Obesity,_8_can be divided into moderately obese,severely obese,and very severely obese.While such numerical standards seem_9_,they are not.Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat.Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit._10_others with a low BMI may be in poor_11_.For example,many collegiate and professional football players_12_as obese,though their percentage body fat is low.Conversely,someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a_13_BMI.Today we have a(n)_14_to label obesity as a disgrace.The overweight are sometimes_15_in the media with their faces covered.Stereotypes_16_with obesity include laziness,lack of will power,and lower prospects for success.Teachers,employers,and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese._17_very young children tend to look down on the overweight,and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools.Negative attitudes toward obesity,_18_in health concerns have stimulated a number of anti-obesity _19_,My own hospital system has banned sugary drinks from its facilities.many employers have instituted weight loss and fitness initiatives,Michelle Obama has launched a high-visibility campaign_20_childhood obesity,even claiming that it represents our greatest national security threat!1.[A]denied[B]conduced[C]doubled[D]ensured2.[A]protective[B]dangerous[C]sufficient[D]troublesome3.[A]Instead[B]However[C]Likewise[D]Therefore4.[A]indicator[B]objective[C]origin[D]example5.[A]impact[B]relevance[C]assistance[D]concern6.[A]in terms of[B]in case of[C]in favor of[D]in respects of7.[A]measures[B]determines[C]equals[D]modifies8.[A]in essence[B]in contrast[C]in turn[D]in part9.[A]complicated[B]conservative[C]variable[D]straightforward10.[A]so[B]unlike[C]since[D]unless11.[A]shape[B]spirit[C]balance[D]taste12.[A]start[B]quality[C]retire[D]stay13.[A]strange[B]changeable[C]normal[D]constant14.[A]option[B]reason[C]opportunity[D]tendency15.[A]employed[B]pictured[C]imitated[D]monitored16.[A]compared[B]combined[C]settled[D]associated17.[A]Even[B]Still[C]Yet[D]Only18.[A]despised[B]corrected[C]ignored[D]grounded19.[A]discussions[B]businesses[C]policies[D]studies20.[A]for[B]against[C]with[D]withoutSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four passages.Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(40points)Text1What would you do with$559m?This is now a question for Gloria Mackenzie,an84-year-old widow who recently emerged from her small,un-roofed house in Florida to collect the biggest undivided lottery jackpot in history.If she hopes her new-found fortune will yield lasting feelings or fulfillment.She could do worse than read Happy Money by Elizabeth Dunn and Michael Norton.These two academics use an array of behavioral research to show that the most rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive.Fantasies of great wealth often involve visions of fancy cars and extravagant homes.Yet satisfaction with these maternal purchases wears off fairly quickly.What was Once exciting and new becomes old hat;regret creeps in,It is far better to spend money on experiences,say Ms Dun and Mr.Norton,like interesting trips,unique meals or even going to the cinema.These purchases often become more valuable with time–as stones or memories-particularly if they involve feeling more connected to others.This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well as lottery winners get the most”happiness bang for your buck.”It seems most people would be better off if they could shorten their commutes to work,spend more time with friends and family and less of it watching television(something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing,and is hardly jollier for it).Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself, and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly.This is apparently the reason McDonald’s restricts the availability of its popular McRib-a marketing trick that has turned the pork sandwich into an object of obsession.Readers of Happy Money are clearly a privileged lot,anxious about fulfilment,not hunger.Money may not quite buy happiness,but people in wealthier countries are generally happier than those in poor ones.Yet the link between feeling good and spending money on others can be seen among rich and poor people around the world.and scarcity enhances the pleasure of most things for most people. Not everyone will agree with the authors’policy ideas,which range from mandating more holiday time to reducing tax incentives for American homebuyers,But most people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent.21.According to Dumn and Norton,which of the following is the most rewarding purchase?[A]A big house[B]A special tour[C]A stylish car[D]A rich meal22.The author’s attitude toward Americans’watching TV is[A]critical[B]supportive[C]sympathetic[D]ambiguous23.Macrib is mentioned in paragraph3to show that[A]consumers are sometimes irrational[B]popularity usually comes after quality[C]marketing tricks are after effective[D]rarity generally increases pleasure24.According to the last paragraph,Happy Money[A]has left much room for readers’criticism[B]may prove to be a worthwhile purchase[C]has predicted a wider income gap in the us[D]may give its readers a sense of achievement25.This text mainly discusses how to[A]balance feeling good and spending money[B]spend large sums of money won in lotteries[C]obtain lasting satisfaction from money spent[D]become more reasonable in spending on luxuriesText2An article in Scientific America has pointed out that empirical research says that,actually,you think you’re more beautiful than you are.We have a deep-seated need to feel good about ourselves and we naturally employ a number of self-enhancing strategies to research into what the call the "above average effect",or"illusory superiority",and shown that,for example,70%of us rate ourselves as above average in leadership,93%in driving and85%at getting on well with others—all obviously statistical impossibilities.We rose tint our memories and put ourselves into self-affirming situations.We become defensive when criticized,and apply negative stereotypes to others to boost our own esteem,we stalk around thinking we’re hot stuff.Psychologist and behavioral scientist Nicholas Epley oversaw a key studying intoself-enhancement and attractiveness.Rather that have people simply rate their beauty compress with others,he asked them to identify an original photogragh of themselves’from a lineup including versions that had been altered to appear more and less attractive.Visual recognition,reads the study, is"an automatic psychological process occurring rapidly and intuitively with little or no apparent conscious deliberation".If the subjects quickly chose a falsely flattering image-which must did-they genuinely believed it was really how they looked.Epley found no significant gender difference in responses.Nor was there any evidence that,those who self-enhance the must(that is,the participants who thought the most positively doctored picture were real)were doing so to make up for profound insecurities.In fact those who thought that the images higher up the attractiveness scale were real directly corresponded with those who showed other makers for having higher self-esteem. "I don’t think the findings that we having have are any evidence of personal delusion",says Epley. "It’s a reflection simply of people generally thinking well of themselves’.If you are depressed,you won’t be self-enhancing.Knowing the results of Epley’s study,it makes sense that why people heat photographs of themselves Viscerally-on one level,they don’t even recognise the person in the picture as themselves,Facebook therefore,is a self-enhancer’s paradise,where people can share only the most flattering photos,the cream of their wit,style,beauty,intellect and lifestyle it’s not that people’s profiles are dishonest,says Catalina Toma of Wiscon—Madison university,"but they portray an idealized version of themselves.26.According to the first paragraph,social psychologist have found that______.[A]our self-ratings are unrealistically high[B]illusory superiority is baseless effect[C]our need for leadership is unnatural[D]self-enhancing strategies are ineffective27.Visual recognition is believed to be people’s______[A]rapid watching[B]conscious choice[C]intuitive response[D]automatic self-defense28.Epley found that people with higher self-esteem tended to______[A]underestimate their insecurities[B]believe in their attractiveness[C]cover up their depressions[D]oversimplify their illusions29.The word"Viscerally"(Line2,para.5)is closest in meaning to_____.[A]instinctively[B]occasionally[C]particularly[D]aggressively30.It can be inferred that Facebook is self-enhancer’s paradise because people can_____.[A]present their dishonest profiles[B]define their traditional life styles[C]share their intellectual pursuits[D]withhold their unflattering sidesText3The concept of man versus machine is at least as old as the industrial revolution,but this phenomenon tends to be most acutely felt during economic downturns and fragile recoveries.And yet,it would be a mistake to think we are right now simply experiencing the painful side of a boom and bust cycle.Certain jobs have gone away for good,outmoded by machines.Since technology has such an insatiable appetite for eating up human jobs,this phenomenon will continue to restructureour economy in ways we can't immediately foresee.When there is exponential improvement in the price and performance of technology,jobs that were once thought to be immune from automation suddenly become threatened.This argument has attracted a lot of attention,via the success of the book Race Against the Machine,by Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee,who both hail from MIT's Center for Digital Business.This is a powerful argument,and a scary one.And yet,John Hagel,author of The Power of Pull and other books,says Brynjolfsson and McAfee miss the reason why these jobs are so vulnerable to technology in the first place.Hagel says we have designed jobs in the U.S.that tend to be"tightly scripted"and"highly standardized"ones that leave no room for"individual initiative or creativity."In short,these are the types of jobs that machines can perform much better at than human beings.That is how we have put a giant target sign on the backs of American workers,Hagel says.It's time to reinvent the formula for how work is conducted,since we are still relying on a very 20th century notion of work,Hagel says.In our rapidly changing economy,we more than ever need people in the workplace who can take initiative and exercise their imagination"to respond to unexpected events."That's not something machines are good at.They are designed to perform very predictable activities.As Hagel notes,Brynjolfsson and McAfee indeed touched on this point in their book.We need to reframe race against the machine as race with the machine.In other words,we need to look at the ways in which machines can augment human labor rather than replace it.So then the problem is not really about technology,but rather,"how do we innovate our institutions and our work practices?"31.According to the first paragraph,economic downturns would_____.[A]ease the competition of man vs.machine[B]highlight machines’threat to human jobs[C]provoke a painful technological revolution[D]outmode our current economic structure32.The authors of Race Against the Machine argue that_____.[A]technology is diminishing man’s job opportunities[B]automation is accelerating technological development[C]certain jobs will remain intact after automation[D]man will finally win the race against machine33.Hagel argues that jobs in the U.S.are often_____.[A]performed by innovative minds[B]scripted with an individual style[C]standardized without a clear target[D]designed against human creativity34.According to the last paragraph,Brynjolfsson and McAfee discussed_____.[A]the predictability of machine behavior in practice[B]the formula for how work is conducted efficiently[C]the ways machines replace human labor in modern times[D]the necessity of human involvement in the workplace35.Which of the following could be the most appropriate title for the text?[A]How to Innovate Our Work Practices[B]Machines will Replace Human Labor[C]Can We Win the Race Against Machines[D]Economic Downturns Stimulate InnovationsText4When the government talks about infrastructure contributing to the economy the focus is usually on roads,railways,broadband and energy.Housing is seldom mentioned.Why is that?To some extent the housing sector must shoulder the blame.We have not been good at communicating the real value that housing can contribute to economic growth.Then there is the scale of the typical housing project.It is hard to jostle for attention among multibillion-pound infrastructure projects,so it is inevitable that the attention is focused elsewhere.But perhaps the most significant reason is that the issue has always been so politically charged.This government does not want to see a return to large-scale provision of council housing,so it is naturally wary of measures that will lead us down that route.Nevertheless,the affordable housing situation is desperate.Waiting lists increase all the time and we are simply not building enough new homes.The comprehensive spending review offers an opportunity for the government to help rectify this.It needs to put historical prejudices to one side and take some steps to address our urgent housing need.There are some indications that it is preparing to do just that.The communities minister,Don Foster,has hinted that George Osborne may introduce more flexibility to the current cap on the amount that local authorities can borrow against their housing stock debt.The cap,introduced in 2012as part of the Housing Revenue Account reform,has been a major issue for the sector. Evidence shows that60,000extra new homes could be built over the next five years if the cap were lifted,increasing GDP by0.6%.Ministers should also look at creating greater certainty in the rental environment,which would have a significant impact on the ability of registered providers to fund new developments from revenues.Finally,they should look at the way in which public sector land is released.Currently up-front payments are required,putting a financial burden on the housing provider.A more positive stimulus would be to encourage a system where the land is made available and maintained as a long-term equity stake in the project.But it is not just down to the government.While these measures would be welcome in the short term,we must face up to the fact that the existing£4.5bn programme of grants to fund newaffordable housing,set to expire in2015,is unlikely to be extended beyond then.The Labour party has recently announced that it will retain a large part of the coalition's spending plans if it returns to power.The housing sector needs to accept that we are very unlikely to ever return to the era of large-scale public grants.We need to adjust to this changing climate.This means that affordable housing specialists like Wates Living Space have to create a whole new way of working in partnership with registered providers.We have to be prepared to take on more of the risk during the development phase,driving down the cost to deliver high-quality affordable housing and,most importantly,developing alternative funding models to help achieve this.While the government's commitment to long-term funding may have changed,the very pressing need for more affordable housing is real and is not going away.The comprehensive spending review provides the opportunity to start moving us in the right direction–stimulating investment in new supply and quickly delivering tangible benefits to local economies.It also helps create the space to develop a long-term sustainable strategy for.36.The author believes that the housing sector______.[A]has attracted much attention[B]has lost its real value in economy[C]shoulders too much responsibility[D]involves certain political factors37.It can be learned that affordable housing has_____.[A]suffered government biases[B]increased its home supply[C]offered spending opportunities[D]disappointed the government38.According to Paragraph5,George Osborne may_____.[A]prepare to reduce housing stock debt[B]release a lifted GDP growth forecast[C]allow greater government debt for housing[D]stop local authorities from building homes39.It can be inferred that a stable rental environment would_____.[A]lower the costs of registered providers[B]relieve the minister of responsibilities[C]contribute to funding new developments[D]lessen the impact of government interference40.The author believes that after2015,the government may_____.[A]implement more policies to support housing[B]stop generous funding to the housing sector[C]renew the affordable housing grants programme[D]review the need for large-scale public grantsPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer questions by finding information from the right column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the left column.There are two extra choices in the left column.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(10points)Emerging in the late Sixties and reaching a peak in the Seventies,Land Art was one of a range of new forms,including Body Art,Performance Art,Action Art and Installation Art,which pushed art beyond the traditional confines of the studio and gallery.Rather than portraying landscape,land artists used the physical substance of eland itself as their medium.The British land artist,typified by Richard Long’s piece,was not only more domestically scaled, but a lot quirkier than its American counterpart.Indeed,while you might assume that an exhibition of Land Art would consist only of records of works rather than the works themselves,Long’s photograph of his work is the work.Since his“action”is in the past the photograph is its sole embodiment.That might seem rather an obscure point,but it sets the tone for an exhibition that contains a lot of black-and-white photographs and relatively few natural objects.Long is Britain’s best-known Land Artist and his Stone Circle,a perfect ring of purplish rocks from Portishead beach laid out on the gallery floor,represents the elegant,rarefied side of the form. The Boyle Family,on the other hand,stand for its dirty,urban prising artists Mark Boyle and Joan Hills and their children,they recreated random sections of the British landscape on gallery walls.Their Olaf Street Study,a square of brick-strewn waste ground,is one of the few works here to embrace the mundanity that characterises most of our experience of the landscape most of the time.Parks feature,particularly in the earlier works,such as John Hilliard’s very funny.Across the Park,in which a long-haired stroller is variously smiled at by a pretty girl and unwittingly assaulted in a sequence of images that turn out to be different parts of the same photograph.Generally however British land artists preferred to get away from towns,gravitating towards landscapes that are traditionally considered beautiful such as the Lake District or the Wiltshire Downs.While it probably wasn’t apparent at the time,much of this work is permeated by a spirit of romantic escapism that the likes of Wordsworth would have readily understood.Derek Jarman’s yellow-tinted film Towards Avebury,a collection of long,mostly still shots of the Wiltshire landscape,evokes a tradition of English landscape painting stretching from Samuel Palmer toPaul Nash.In the case of Hamish Fulton,you can’t help feeling that the Scottish artist has simply found a way of making his love of walking pay.A typical work,such as Seven Days,consists of a single beautiful black-and-white photograph taken on an epic walk,with the mileage and number of days taken listed beneath.British Land Art as shown in this well selected,but relatively modestly scaled exhibitionwasn’t about imposing on the landscape,more a kind of landscape-orientated light conceptual art created passing through.It had its origins in the great outdoors,but the results were as gallery-bound as the paintings of Turner and Constable.[A]originates from a long walk that the artist took.41.Stone Cirele [B]illustrates a kind of landscape-orientated light conceptual art.42.Olaf Street Study [C]reminds people of the English landscape painting tradition.43.Across the Park[D]represents the elegance of the British land art.44.TowardsAvebury[E]depicts the ordinary side of the British land art.45.Seven Days[F]embodies a romantic escape into the Scottish outdoors.[G]contains images from different parts of the samephotograph.Section III Translation46.Directions:Translate the following text from English into Chinese.Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2.(15points)Most people would define optimism as being endlessly happy,with a glass that’s perpetually half full.But that’s exactly the kind of false cheerfulness that positive psychologists wouldn’t recommend.“Healthy optimism means being in touch with reality,”says Tal Ben-Shahar,a Harvard professor.According to Ben-Shahar,realistic optimists are those who make the best of things that happen,but not those who believe everything happens for the best.Ben-Shahar uses three optimistic exercises.When he feels down-say,after giving a bad lecture-he grants himself permission to be human.He reminds himself that not every lecture can be a Nobel winner;some will be less effective than others.Next is reconstruction.He analyzes the weak lecture, learning lessons for the future about what works and what doesn’t.Finally,there is perspective, which involves acknowledging that in the grand scheme of life,one lecture really doesn’t matter.Section IV WritingPart A47.Directions:Suppose you are going to study abroad and share an apartment with John,a local student.Write him an email to1)tell him about your living habits,and2)ask for advice about living there.You should write about100words on ANSWER SHEET2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e“Zhang Wei”instead.Do not write your address.(10points)Part B48.Directions:In this section,you are asked to write an essay based on the following chart1)interpret the chart,and2)give your comments.You should write at least150words.Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET2.(15points)2014考研英语二真题答案(华*章MBA提*供)1A2B3C4B5D6C7A8A9D10D11A12B13C14B15B16D17C18D19C20A21.答案解析：B本题为细节题定位：It is far better to spend money on experiences,say Ms Dunn and Mr Norton,like interesting trips,unique meals or even going to the cinema.正确选项正是原文的事例，只是用近义词tour 替换了trips,而其他选项正是原文所否定的内容。

2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(湖北卷)第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1. What is Linda?A. A writer.B. A student.C. A teacher.2. What is the man afraid of?A. Saying something wrong.B. Missing the interview.C. Having an accident.3. What does the woman want to do?A. To buy another jacket.B. To change a jacket.C. To return a jacket.4. Why does the man feel upset?A. Someone said he was ugly.B. He found his clothes ugly.C. A guy stole his clothes.5. What does the woman mean?A. She wants her son to use a new key.B. She feels very sorry for her son.C. She disbelieves her son.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。

6. Why isn't Jenny at the store?A. She left work early.B. She's late for work.C. She's been out of work.7. How does the man feel about Jenny?A. Concerned.B. Curious.C. Angry.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。

mpa英语二级考试真题及答案一、听力理解（共20分）1. What is the man's occupation?A. TeacherB. DoctorC. EngineerD. Lawyer答案：C2. When does the woman plan to leave for the airport?A. 6:00 AMB. 7:00 AMC. 8:00 AMD. 9:00 AM答案：B3. What is the weather like today?A. SunnyB. RainyC. CloudyD. Snowy答案：A4. How much will the man pay for the tickets?A. $20B. $30C. $40D. $50答案：B5. What is the woman's opinion about the new policy?A. She agrees with it.B. She disagrees with it.C. She is neutral about it.D. She hasn't made up her mind.答案：B二、阅读理解（共30分）Passage 16. According to the passage, what is the main cause of environmental pollution?A. Industrial wasteB. Agricultural activitiesC. UrbanizationD. Natural disasters答案：A7. What does the author suggest as a solution to the problem?A. Stricter regulationsB. More public awarenessC. Cleaner technologiesD. International cooperation答案：DPassage 28. What is the purpose of the study mentioned in the passage?A. To improve crop yieldsB. To understand plant growthC. To develop new pesticidesD. To reduce water usage答案：B9. How did the researchers conduct the experiment?A. By observing plants in a labB. By comparing different plant speciesC. By using a controlled environmentD. By analyzing plant DNA答案：C10. What was the surprising finding of the study?A. Plants can adapt to different environments.B. Plants have a limited response to stimuli.C. Plants can communicate with each other.D. Plants have a complex immune system.答案：C三、词汇与语法（共20分）11. The new law will come into _______ on the first day of next month.A. effectB. useC. practiceD. operation答案：A12. She is very _______ about her future, as she has no clear career plan.A. worriedB. anxiousC. nervousD. concerned答案：B13. The company has decided to _______ its product line witha new smartphone.A. extendB. expandC. enlargeD. broaden答案：B14. Despite the heavy rain, the game was not _______.A. called offB. put offC. postponedD. canceled答案：A15. The teacher asked the students to _______ their essays before submitting them.A. proofreadB. previewC. reviewD. revise答案：D四、写作（共30分）16. Write an essay on the topic "The Impact of Technology on Education." You should write at least 300 words. Use appropriate examples to support your points.答案：[学生需根据题目要求自行撰写作文，此处不提供具体答案。

MBA联考英语真题2014年Section ⅠClozeThinner isn't always better. A number of studies have 1 that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases, compared to those who are overweight. And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually 2 . For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. 3 , among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an 4 of good health.Of even greater 4 is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often defined 6 body mass index, or BMI. BMI 7 body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be moral weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And over 30 is considered obese. Obesity, 8 , can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese. While such numerical standards seem 9 , they are not. Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat. Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit, 10 others with a low BMI may be in poor 11 . For example, many collegiate and professional football players 12 as obese, though their percentage body fat is low. Conversely, someone with a small flame may have high body fat but a 13 BMI. Today we have a(n) 14 to label obesity as a disgrace. The overweight are sometimes 15 in the media with their faces covered. Stereotypes 16 with obesity include laziness, lack of will power, and lower prospects for success. Teachers, employers, and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese.17 very young children tend to look down on the overweight, and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools.Negative attitudes towards obesity, 18 in health concerns, have stimulated a number ofanti-obesity 19 . My own hospital system has banned sugary drinks from its facilities. Many employers have instituted weight loss and fitness initiatives. Michelle Obama has launched ahigh-visibility campaign 20 children obesity, even claiming that it represents our greatest national security threat.1.A.concludedD.denied答案：A[解答] 逻辑关系/语义衔接题。

2011 National English Contest for College students(Level C-Preliminary)Part I Listening Comprehension (30 marks)Section A (5 marks)In this section, you will hear five short conversations. Each conversations will be read only once. At the end of each conversation, there will be a twenty-second pause, read the question and the there choices marked A,B and C ,and decide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the centre.1.What does the man want to do?A.Get something to eat now.B.Find a quiet place that shows games.C.Watch the next game with the woman.2.Why does not the man have a MySpace account?A.He is not skilled at using computer.B.All of the instruction are in EnglishC.The woman won not teach him.3.How long does the woman plan to try teleworkingA.For a few days.B.For a few weeks.C.For a few months.4.What does the man hope will happen?A.The price of cell phone novels will go down.B.The novel’s author will writer longer stories.C.The woman will tell him ho the story ends.5.what is the woman going to do next?A.turn on her computer.B.Go for a walk with peter.C.Visit her new neighbors.Section B (10 marks)In this section, you will hear two long conversations. Each conversation will be read only once. At the end each conversation, there will be a one minute pause. During the pause, read the questions, each with three choices marked A, B and C, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the centre. Conversation one6.What did Jack do over the summer?A.He studied very hard.B.He took a summer class.C.He visited one of his teachers.7.What does Jack think of Ms Wellington as a teacher?A.Easy-going.B.Tough.C.Interesting.8.Why is Ms Wellington’s class har d?A.Her exams are difficult.B.She does not give students the help they need.C.She makes do lots of work.Conversation two9.Why is Mrs. Griffin going to the city where the hotel is located?A.He is on holiday.B.He’s on a business tripC.He is going to a conference.10. How many times has Mrs. Griffin stayed at the Sunrise Hotel?A. Twice.B. Once.C. Three times.11. Where is Mrs. Griffin form?A. Canada.B. New Zealand.C. Australia.12. What is Mrs. Griffin’s passport number?A.87647489B.87637289C.8763748913. What kind of room does Mrs. Griffin want?A. A single room for two nights.B. A double room for two nights.C. A single room for one night.14. When will Mrs. Griffin arrive at Sunrise Hotel?A. at 9:15 pmB. at 9:35 pmC. at 10:00 pm15. What food will b e put into Mrs. Griffin’s room?A. a sandwich with fries.B. a cheese sandwich.C. a burger with chips.Section C (5Marks)16. What does the Associated Press ask editor and news directors to do?A. vote for the top stories of the year.B. describe the oil spill in the Gulf of MexicoC. writes about the 11 workers killed in the explosion17. Where are the doctors and technology experts from?A. New York.B. LondonC. Tokyo18. For how long does President Obama agree to extend the tax cuts?A. for four yearsB. for three yearsC. for two years.19. How many people in the world don’t have enough to eat,according to the report?A. more than one billion.B. some six hundred million.C. nearly nine hundred million20. What have astronomers recently discovered?A. there are unknown plants in older galaxies.B. there are many galaxies in the universeC. there are a lot more red dwarf in older galaxiesSection D (10 marks)In the section, you will hear a short passage. There are 10 missing words phrases. Fill in the blanks with the exact words or phrases you hear. Remember to write the answer on the answer sheetWhat do you do if you don’t get your first choice university? This ____ faces thousands of British every year. Many such_____ turn to Clearing, a service that helps find university places for students at the last moment. If they don’t have the marks to get into their____, Clearing tells them about places available at other university, though they might have to read a difficult subject.This year has seen a record number of people applying to university. This, combined with the _____________________,an uncertain job market, and budget cuts at university, product even more of a scramble for places than usual. Some sources say six students have applied for each remaining___________________________ placeThe British University Admissions Service, UCAS, says up to a quarter of this year’s university applicants-almost 190000 people-have not been admitted intoa____________________________. That is an increase of over 46000 students from last year.Faced with these figure, some British students might consider an interesting alternative:_____________________________. The University of Nottingham for is offering place at its campuses in Ningbo, near Shanghai, and Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Students at these institutions can earn University of Nottingham degrees, according, engineering and English. Similarly, the University of Bolton says it has unlimited places at its campus in the United Arab Emirates.To deal with t hese problems, the UK’s Higher Education Minister, David Willet’s, is encouraging students who have not made the grade to consider alternatives to university, such as_______________________and studying at home.“There are arrange of options available, “he says. “people can reapply next year, so they should consider spending this year in a way that will add positively to their CVs. Getting_____________________or other skills will strengthen their chances next year.” Some commentators say, though that rising university costs, poor long-term_______________________, and a drop in graduate recruitment mean this the worst time to be a university student in the UK.Part Two Vocabulary and Structure (15 marks )There are 15 incomplete sentences in this section. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the centre.31.After four days of talks, we are glad to announce that the union and management have reached an____A__. The agreement is fair and benefits both sides.A.accordB. accomplishmentC. identityD. undertaking32.As the clerk__B___prepared my milk shake, I wondered how long she had been working there ,mindlessly making ice cream treats in a set order of steps.A.logicallyB. methodicallyC. graphicallyD. synthetically33. As a boy he wanted to be a fireman. As a high school student, he thought he'd like to become a teacher. Now he___C___to be nothing more than a janitor.A.AssumesB. PrescribesC. AspiresD. Presumes34. Regardless of what caused it, I an grateful that have finally reached a point in mylife__B_____I can appreciate my strengths, accept my weaknesses and try to be comfortable with everything in between.A.WhyB. WhereC. WhichD. What35. _C_____information provided by members of the public, the police would have a much move difficult job.A.SupposingB. Provided theC. If it were not forD. On condition that36.Peter Brown was a painstaking writer;_D___, he once spent half a day on the composition of a single sentence.A.On the other handB. NeverthelessC. MoreoverD. For example37.----What an I going to do about a present for Carol?----You_C_____some flowers.A.Might have sent herB. Must have sent herC. Could send herD. Would send her38.Without the air holding in some of the sun's heat, the earth_B_____cold at night, too cold for us to live on.A.Will be freezingB. Would be freezingC. An be frozenD. Would be frozen39.The students in our university each__A____an English dictionary. That is to say, each of the students in our university______an English dictionary.A.Have; hasB. Have; haveC. Has; haveD. Has; has40.Here's your kitchen. I hope you enjoy cooking here. Is there__B____else that you need?A.SomethingB. AnythingC. NothingD. Everything41.David_____C_his business partner over plans to reduce the workforce.A.Came down toB. Broke down toC. Fell out withD. Went along with42.___A___is this piece of equipment to be removed from the building.A.On no accountB. AbsolutelyC. ScarcelyD. Not at all43.Helen' s parents were_C_____that she was still on the job., but she had resigned.A.In doubtB. Of the opinionC. Under the impressionD. With suspicion44.----I don't think I will ever, in my life, win a lottery of five million dollars.----Well, _____D. Anything can happen.A.You made itB. You're kiddingC. What you sayD. You can never tell45.-----How did you find the concert in the Grand Theatre last night?-----____B__ but the conductor was perfect.A.I couldn't agree moreB. I didn't think much of itC. I was crazy about itD. I really likedPart Three Cloze(15 marks )I have been reading a lot on my iPad recently, and I have some (46)____complaints_ (complain) not about the iPad itself but about the state of digital reading generally. Reading is a subtle thing,and its subtleties are artifacts of a venerable medium: words printed in ink on paper. Glass and pixels aren't the same.When I read a physical book, I don't have to look anywhere else to find out how much I've read. The iPad e---reader, iBooks tries to create the (47) illu___remain of a physical book. The pages seem to turn, and I can the edges of those that remain, but it's fake. There are always exactly six unturned pages, no matter (48)____where_ I am in the book.Also, there is a larger problem. Books in their digital format look vastly less "finished", or less genuine than real books. You can vary their font and type size, but this only makes them(49)___resemble_(resemble) word---processed---no matter how (50)wretched___(wretch) or wonderful they are---will never look as good as Robert Hass's poems in the print edition of The Apple Trees at Olema. But your poems can look almost exactly as ugly---as "e---book---like" ---as the Kindle version of that collection.All the e---book I've read have been ugly---books by Chang---rae Lee, Alvin Kernan, and Stieg Larsson---though the texts have been wonderful. I didn't grow up reading texts. I grew up reading books, and this(51)___difference__(differ) is important.When it comes to digital editions, the(52)_assumption____(assume) seems to be that all books(53)are___created_ _(create) equal. However, nothing could be further from the truth. In the mass migration from print to digital, we're seeing a profusion of digital books---many of them out of copyright---that look new and even "HD," but which may well have been supplanted by more accurate editions and better translations. We need a digital readers' guide---a place where readers can find(54)__out__ whether the book they're about to download is the best available edition.(55)Fi__nally___, two related problems. I already have a personal library, but most of the books I've read have come from(56)__lending___(lend) libraries. Barnes & Noble has released ane---reader that allows short---term (57) ____borrowing_(borrow) of some books. The entire idea behind Amazon's Kindle and Apple's iBooks assumes that you cannot read a book unless you own it first and that only you can read it unless you want to give your reading device to someone else. This goes against the social value of reading, the collective knowledge and(58)___collaborative__(collaborate) discourse that comes from access to (59)__shared_or our culture in general.Part Four Reading Comprehension (40 marks).Section A (10 marks ).Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Not keen on reading? Do you have trouble finding a novel that arouses your interest? Why not follow Ammon Shea's example and start reading a dictionary?Mr Shea owns over 1,000 dictionaries and he reads them for fun. He recently spent a year reading all 20 volumes of the Oxford English Dictionary. The dictionary contains more than20,000 pages and over 59 million words.As he read from A to Z, he noted down interesting words in a ledger. This includes words such as "happify," meaning to make someone happy and "tripudiate", which means to dance, skip or leap for joy. Mr Shea also kept a diary about this experience, which has since become abest---selling book.Why did he do this? He claims it was fun. "I've always enjoyed reading dictionaries . They are far more interesting than people give then credit for," he said.It appears that it was not his goal to sound more intelligent by using longer and more complex words. "I'm not against long, fancy or obscure words, but I'm opposed to using then for their own sake," he said.In fact ,as a result of reading so many new words , Mr Shea often forgot everyday vocabulary. He wrote, "My head was so full of words that I often had trouble forming simple sentences."Mr Shea is not alone in his love of reading dictionaries.Elaine Higgleton, a representative of Collins Cbuild dictionaries, explained that thousands of crossword puzzle and Srabble fans read dictionaries for fun and to improve their games. Ms Higgleton did however note that, "It's probably not the best way to learn English ,and you'd learn more than you need." It is not known how many of the 59 million words Ms Shea remembers, but he has certainly made history with his eccentric hobby.Questions 61 to 65.Decide whether the following statements are True or False.61.Mr Shea has read 1.000 dictionaries.F62.Mr Shea spent one month reading the Oxford English Dictionary.F63.In Mr Shea's opinion,people don't give dictionaries enough credit for being interesting.T64.Mr Shea thinks it is important t be able to use long and complicated words in everyday conversation.F65.Elaine Higgleton thinks that reading a dictionary is the best way to learn English.FSection B (10 marks)Questions 66 to 70are based on the following passage.Surfing is something people often get hooked on after trying it a few times. For many surfers it is much more than a hobby---they would probably agree with the American professional surfer Kelly Slater when he said,"Once you're in, you're in. There's no getting out.""Surfing", of course, refers to riding on ocean waves using a surfboard. Many surfers stand up on their boards, which requires god balance and is therefore difficult for most beginners to learn, but some lie down and "bodyboard"The history of surfing probably began with the Polynesian people of the Pacific Islands. One of the first white people to see anyone surfing was the British explorer Captain Gook, when his ship arrived in Hawaii in 1779. He watched many Hawaiians riding waves on large pieces of wood, and reported that, "Surfing seems to give them a feeling of great pleasure. "When surfing started to become very popular in the United States in the 1950's and 60s, surfers used large wooden boards (often more than three metres long) that were quite heavy. Boards today are shorter and also much lighter, because they are made of artificial materials instead of wood. For anyone who wants to try surfing. The only essentials are waves and a board. There are a few other things, however, that most surfers find important; a cord t attach one of their ankles to the board and therefore stop it from being carried a long way away when they fall off'; wax, which they put on the surface of the board to help their feet stick to it; and a wetsuit to help them keep warm in cold water. The south---west of English is an example of a place where surfers usually need wetsuits, even in summer.Surfing has been a professional sport for many yeara and the very best surfers are able to makea living from it. Most of the best professional surfers in the last 30 years, both men and women, have been American or Australian, but surfers from Brazil, Peru and South Africa have also won important competitions.Questions 66 to 70Answer the following questions with the information given in the assage in a maximum of 10 words for each question.66.Why do most beginners find it difficult t stand up on a surfboard?Because standing up on their boards requires god balance .67.In what part of the world did surfing probably begin?The Polynesian people of the Pacific Islands.68.When did surfing start to become very popular in the United States?In the 1950's and 60s69.What do surfers use wax for?To help their feet stick to the board70.According to the passage, in what part of the world do surfers usually need wetsuits?In the southwest of EnglandSection C (10 marks)Questions 71 to 75 are based on the following passage.The latest human development report from the United Nations Development Programmed (UNDP) contains some good news, but also a very serious warning about the threat posed y climate change.The report, published annually since 1990, seeks to asses “human development” around the world, and calculates a “Human Development Index (HDI) for 169 counties. The HDI is based on average income, life expectancy and level of education in a country. Not surprisingly, rich counties tend to have higher HDIs than poor counties, but there are interesting variations in human development among countries with similar levels of economic development, because some have better health and education systems than others.According to the 2010 report, the county with the highest level of human development is Norway, followed by Australia, New Zealand, the United States and Ireland. Most of the lowestHDIs belong to counties in sub-Saharan Africa.Almost all counties around the worlds have higher HDIs now than in 1990, despite the fact that since the 2008 financial crisis, the total number of people living in extreme poverty has increased. The report concludes that most people are healthier, live longer, are better educated and have access to more goods and services. Even in countries with severe economic problems, people’s level of health and education as generally improved. Although sub-Saharan African countries are at the bottom of the pile in terms of human development, some of them have made significant progress since 1990. The report is critical, however, of the fact economic inequality has increased significantly in the last twenty years, both within and between countries.The greatest threat to improving HDIs in the future, according to the report, is climate change. Economic growth increases average incomes in a country through increasing production and consumption. However , if this leads to greater emissions of greenhouse gases, as has always been the case in the past, global warning will probably accelerate, and cause severe environmental problem s in some parts of the world hat will threaten the livelihoods of huge numbers f people. The progress of the last twenty years, therefore, might not be sustainable.The only solution, according to the report, I to break the link between economic growth and greenhouse gas emissions-which, needless to say, is easier, said than done.Questions 71 to 75Complete the following sentences with information given in the passage in a maximum of 10 words for each blank.71. The concept of “human development” is based on the following three factors: _____ average income, ____ life expectancy _______and___ level of education72. Some countries with similar levels of economic development have quite different HDIs because they have_______ better health and education systems than others.______.73._______________ The financial crisis,__has caused the number of people living in extreme poverty to increase since 2008.74. The report says that _______ climate change______ is the greatest threat to increasing HDIs in the future.75. The report says the link between_____ economic growth _____ and ________ greenhouse gasemissions-____needs to be broken.Section D (10 marks)Questions 76 to 80 are based on the following passageIt is natural for young people to be critical of their parents at times and to blame them for most of the misunderstanding between them. They have always complained, more or less justly, that their parents are out of touch with modern ways; that they are possessive and dominant; that they do not trust their children to deal with crises: that they talk too much about certain problems-and that they have no sense o humor, at least parent-child relationships.I think it is true that parents often underestimate their teenage children and also forget how they felt themselves when were young.Young people often irritate their parents with their choices in clothes, hairstyles, entertainers and music. This is not their motive. They feel cut off from the adult world into which they have not yet been accepted, so they create a culture and society and their own. Then, if it turns out that their music, entertainers, vocabulary, clothes or hairstyles irritate their parents, this gives them additional enjoyment. They feel they are superior, at least in a small way, and that they are leaders in style and taste.Sometimes teenagers are resistant and proud because they do not want their parents to approve of what they do. If they did approve, it looks as if the teenager is betraying his own age group. All this is assuming that the teenager is the underdog: he can not win but at least he can keep his honor. This is a passive way of looking at things. It is natural enough after years of childhood, when children were completely under their parent’s control, but it ignores the fact that when they become teenagers, children are beginning to be responsible for themselves.If you plan to control your life, co-operation should be a part of that plan. You can charm other people, especially your parents, into doing things the way you want. You can also impress people with your of responsibility and your initiative, so that they will give you the authority to do what you want to do.Questions 76 to 78Choose the best answer according to the passage.76 the first paragraph is mainly about______A_______.A teenagers’ criticism of their parentsB misunderstanding between teenagers and their parentsC the dominance of parents over their childrenD teenagers’ ability to deal with crises77 teenagers have strange clothes and hairstyles because they____B_______A have a strong desire to be leaders in style and tasteB want to prove their existence by creating a culture of their ownC have no other way to enjoy themselvesD want to irritate their parent78 teenagers do not want their parents to approve of what they do because they_____D__________.A have already been accepted into adult worldB feel that they are superior to adult worldC want to win adults over to their cultureD don’t want to appear to be disloyal to their own age groupQuestion 79 to 80Translate the sentences in the passage into Chinese79 I think it is true that parents often underestimate their teenage children and also forget how they felt themselves when were youn我认为父母经常低估他们十几岁的孩子，同时也忘记他们年轻时候的感受。

2014年上海外国语大学MTI翻译硕士真题翻译硕士英语2014一、（30分）关于汽车行业的发展史及现状前景（cloze）——长度：A4纸一页多一点。

20个空（无选项，凭语感填词）二、（30分）根据以上阅读，回答一下5个问题。

（可以在文章找到答案，或者需要总结答案）三、（40分）写一篇400字的英语作文：就china auto industry development 向Chinese government给出建议（advice）。

英语翻译基础2014一、用汉语解释下列词语（15分）1.Shanghai Free Trade Zone2.European parliament3.Climate change4.Stakeholder5.Linsanity二、用英语解释下列词语（15分）1.莫言2.中国梦3.负面清单4.尽职调查5.量化宽松（以上两道题共十个词，请注意，不仅仅是翻译，还要继续解释词语）三、英译汉（一篇英语文章60分）文章题目是：Work With China,Don’t Contain It（自己上网搜原文吧，外国人写的）（contain:遏制，牵制）全文翻译——长度：A4纸一页四、汉译英（段落翻译60分）文章题目是：第三届上海外国语大学与联合国签署高校合作协议大会开幕致辞翻译的那部分涉及上海外国语大学的简介，与国际组织的合作（很多国际翻译机构名称要翻译），以及祝福。

汉语写作与百科知识2014一、填空题(9道小题，30分)1．古代科举前三名分别叫状元、、探花。

2．六朝古都分别是南京、西安、北京、杭州、开封、。

3．京剧按传统，五角色分别是生、旦、。

4．花甲是岁，古稀岁，耄耋岁。

5．鲁迅说《》是史家之绝唱，无韵之离骚。

6．儒家继孔子后，是一大圣人；道家继老子后，是主要人物。

7．小说在唐朝被称作。

8．新文化运动运动德先生和赛先生分别指。

9．联合国五个常任理事国是。

二、成语解释，给出词义，典故出处，并造句。

Part V Translation (15 marks) Section A a paragraph English to Chinese Section B 5 sentences Chinese to English Part VI Error Correction (10 marks) Part VII IQ Test (5 mห้องสมุดไป่ตู้rks) Part VIII Writing (30 marks) I write a report II write an essay
1. What does the man say about the park Isla Beata? A. It’s convenient to get to. B. It’s famous for the world’s smallest lizard. C. It’s provides natural protection for the Jaragua lizard. D. It’s situated in the center of the city.
【听力原文】 W: How do you dispose of the waste in your factory? M: We have to send it to landfill. It's very expensive
because the government recently introduced a landfill tax so we're planning to build a new incineration plant next year to burn our waste. W: But doesn't burning waste produce carbon monoxide? M: Yes, it does. But we believe it's less harmful to the environment than landfill.

2014年MBA英语真题及参考参考答案完整版Section I Use of English (10%)Directions: Read the following text. For each numbered blank there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)Thinner isn’t always better. A number of studies have __1 that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases. Compared to those who are overweight. And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually __ 2 . For example heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. __ 3 , among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an 4 of good health.Of even greater 5 is the fact that turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often defined 6 body mass index, or BMI. BMI 7 body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be moral weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And over 30 is considered obese. Obesity, __8 , Can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese.While such numerical standards seem 9 , they are not. Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat. Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit, 10 other with a low BMI may be in poor 11 . For example, many collegiate and professional football players 12 as obese, though their percentage body fat is low. Conversely , someone with a small frame may have high body fat buta 13 BMI.Today we have a(n) 14 to label obesity as a disgrace. The overweight are sometimes 15In the media with their faces covered. Stereotypes 16 with obesity include laziness ,lack of will power, and lower prospects for success. Teachers, employers, and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese. 17 very young children tend to look down on the overweight, and testing about body build has long been a problem in schools.Negative attitudes towards obesity, _ 18 in health concerns, have stimulated a number of anti-obesity 19 .My own hospital system has banned sugary drinks from its facilities. Many employers have instituted weight loss and fitness initiatives. Michelle Obema has launched a high-visibility campaign 20 children obesity, even claiming that it represents our greatest national security threat.1. (A) concluded (B) ensured (C) doubted (D) denied2. (A) dangerous (B) protective (C) sufficient (D) troublesome3. (A) Instead (B) However (C) Likewise (D) Therefore4. (A) objective (B) indicator (C) origin (D) example5. (A) impact (B) relevance (C) assistance (D) concern6. (A) in favor of (B) in case of (C) in term of (D) in respects of7. (A) equals (B) determines (C) measures (D) modifies8. (A) in turn (B) in contrast (C) in essence (D) in part9. (A) complicated (B) conservative (C) variable (D) straightforward10. (A) so (B) unless (C) since (D) while11. (A) shape (B) spirit (C) balance (D) taste12. (A) start (B) qualify (C) stay (D) retire13. (A) strange (B) constant (C) normal (D) changeable14. (A) option (B) tendency (C) opportunity (D) reason15. (A) employed (B) pictured (C) imitated (D) monitored16. (A) compared (B) combined (C) settled (D) associated17. (A) Yet (B) Still (C) Even (D) Only18. (A) despised (B) ignored (C) corrected (D) grounded19. (A) discussions (B) businesses (C)policies (D)studies20. (A) against (B) for (C) without (D) with参考答案：1-5 ABCBD 6-10 CAADD 11-15 ABCBB 16-20 DCDCASection II Reading Comprehension (50points)Part ADirections: Read the following passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1What would you do with $590m? This is now a question for Gloria MacKenzie, an 84-year-old widow who recently emerged from her small, tin-roofed house in Florida to collect the biggest undivided lottery jackpot in history. The blogosphere is full of advice for this lucky Powerball pensioner. But if she hopes her new-found lucre will yield lasting feeling of fulfilment, she could do worse than read “Happy Money”by Elizabeth Dunn and Michael Norton.These two academics---she teachers psychology at the University of British Columbia; he lectures on marketing at Harvard BusinessScholl---use an array of behavioral research to show that the most rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive. Fantasies of great wealth often involve visions of fancy cars and palatial homes on remote bluffs. Yet satisfaction with these material purchase wears off fairly quickly. What was once exciting and new becomes old-hat; remorse creeps in. It is far better to spend money on experiences, say Ms Dum and Mr Norton, like interesting trips, unique meals or even going to the cinema. These purchases often become more valuable with time---as stories or memories-particularly if they involve feeling more connected to others.This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well as lottery winners get the most “happiness bang for your buck ”.It seems most people would be better off if they could shorten their commutes to work, spend more time with friends and family and less of it watching television(something the average American spends a whopping two monthsa year doing, and is hardly jollier for it ). Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself, and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly. This is apparently the reason McDonald’s restricts the availability of its popular McRib - a marketing gimmick that has turned the pork sandwich into an object of obsession.Readers of “Happy Money” are clearly a privileged lot, anxious about fulfilment, not hunger. Money may not quite buy happiness, but people in wealthier countries are generally happier than those in poor ones. Yet the link between feeling good and spending money on others can be seen among rich an poor people. Not everyone will agree with the authors’ policy ideas, which range from mandating more holiday time to reducing tax incentives for American homebuyers. But most people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent.21. According to Dunnand Norton, while of the following is the most rewarding purchase?[A] A rich meal [B] A special tour [C] A stylish car [D] A big house22. The author’s attitude toward Americans’ watching TV .[A] critical [B] supportive [C] sympathetic [D] ambiguous23. Mcrib is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to show that .[A] popularity usually comes after quality[B] consumers are sometimes irrational[C] marketing tricks are often effective[D] rarity generally increases pleasure24. According to the last paragraph, Happy Money .[A] may prove to be a worthwhile purchase[B] has left much room for readers’ criticism[C] has predicated a wider income gap in the US[D] may give its readers a sense of achievement25. This text mainly discusses how to .[A] balance feeling good and spending money[B] spend large sums of money won in lotteries[C] obtain lasting satisfaction from money spent[D] become more reasonable in spending on luxuries21-25 BADBAText 2An article in Scientific American has pointed out that empirical research says that, actually you think you’re more beautiful than you are.We have a deep-seated need to feel good about ourselves and we naturally employ a number of self-enhancing(to use the psychological terminology) strategies to achieve this. Social psychologists have。

K1任务型阅读（任务型读写）K1[2014·安徽卷]Many people believe that classical music is not relevant to young people today. However, this issue(问题) frequently causes heated debate.Some people say that classical music is associated only with old people. For example, if you look at the audience at a classical concert, the majority is over the age of fifty.Others say it is more popular than we first imagine. Many young people listen to classical music without realizing. It is often used in films and advertisements. For example, a famous piece of classical music was used as the theme music for the 1990 World Cup. Not many people could have given its name, but millions enjoyed it.Also, some people point out that young people produce new music based on classical ideas: for example, it is said that rap(说唱) music was invented by a classical musician in 1912, but it is now used by young people in pop music.However, young people point to the fact that classical music has been outstripped(超越) by technology. To play a classical instrument, such as a violin, you need to study hard and practise for hours. Nowadays, you don't need to get aching arms from practising. A teenager can write and make music using a computer programme in the comfort of their own bedroom.A final point to bear in mind is that the term“classical music”is used to refer to a great variety of music, from jazz to pieces for large orchestras(管弦乐队). This makes it even more difficult to say whether classical music is relevant to young people.So, it may be only a minority of young people who play classical instruments, but when it comes to enjoying classical music, it depends on the piece of music. It may be more relevant to young people in the modern world than they realize!【要点综述】本文为议论文。

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对外经济贸易大学2014年MTI考研真题I.Phrase Translation1.Anti-Dumping Duty Order反倾销税令2.counter trade对销贸易3.holding company控股公司4.working capital营运资本，流动资金5.contingency fund应急费用6.par value票面价值w of diminishing marginal utility边际效用递减/规律8.treasury bills(美国或英国的)短期国库券9.zero sum game零和博弈，又称零和游戏10.niche market利基市场11.即期汇票sight draft，demand draft12.资本流动性mobility of capital13.抵押贷款Mortgage Loan14.指令经济Command economy15.机会成本opportunity cost16.远期汇率forward rate17.最低限价floor price18.金融租赁公司Financial leasing company19.微信WeChat20.雾霾haze21.MOOC网络公开课(Massive Open Online Courses)22.TPP跨太平洋战略经济伙伴协议(Trans-Pacific Partnership)23.CAFTA东盟自由贸易区(China-ASEAN Free Trade Area)24.CFR成本加运费（Cost and Freight）25.GSP普及特惠税制度(Generalized System Of Preferences)26.ICC国际商会（International Chamber of Commerce）27.ITC国际贸易委员会(International Trade Commission)28.SBA小企业管理局(Small Business Administration)29.UNCTAD联合国贸易和发展会议(United Nations Conference on Trade and Development)AID美国国际开发署(United States Agency for International Development)ⅡPassage Translatron(120points)Section One:Translate the following English passage into Chinese. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET(60points).Global financial stability has improved over the past six months,bolstered by better macroeconomic performance and continued accommodative macroeconomic policies,but fragilities remain.The two-speedrecovery-modest in advanced economies and robust in emerging market economies-has posed different policy challenges for countries.In advanced economies hit hardest by the crisis,governments and households remain heavily indebted,to varying degrees,and the health of financial institutions has not recovered in tandem with the overall economy.Emerging market economies are facing new challenges associated with strong domestic demand,rapid credit growth,relatively accommodative macroeconomic policies,and large capital infl.ows.Geopolitical risks could also threaten the economic and financial outlook,with oil prices increasing sharply amid fears of supply disruptions in the Middle East and North Africa.The main task facing policymakers in advanced economies is to shift the balance of policies away from reliance on macroeconomic ar,d liquidity support to more structural policies-less“leaning”and more“cleaning of the financial system.This vnll entail reducing leverage and restoring market discipline,while avoiding financial or economic disruption during the transition.Thus,ongoing policy efforts to withdraw(implicit)public guarantees and ensure bondholder liability for future losses must build on more rapid progress toward stronger bank balance sheets,ensuring medium -term fiscal sustainability and addressing excessive debt burdens in the private sector.For policymakers in emerging market economies,the task is to limit overheating and a buildup of vulnerabilities-to avoid“cleaning”later. Emerging market economies have continued to benefit from strong growth relative to that in advanced economies,accompanied by increasing portfolio capital inflows.This is putting pressure on some financial markets, contributing to higher leverage,potential asset price bubbles,and inflationary pressures.Policymakers will have to pay increasing attention to containing the buildup of macro-financial risks to avoid future problems that could inhibit their growth and damage financial stability.In a number ofcases,this will entail a tighter macroeconomic policy stance,and,whenneeded,the use of macro-prudential tools to ensure financial stability.Increasing the financial sector’s capacity to absorb higher flows throughefforts to broaden and deepen local capital markets will also help.Section Two:Translate the following Chinese passageinto English.Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET(60points).中意两国都是拥有悠久历史和灿烂文化的文明古国。

Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be. We suddenly can’t remember___1___ we put the keys just a moment ago, or an old acquaintance’s name, or the name of an old band we used to love. As the brain ___2___, we refer to these occurrences as "senior moments." ___3___ seemingly innocent, this loss of mental focus can potentially have a (n) ___4___ impact on our professional, social, and personal ___5___.Neuroscientists, experts who study the nervous system, are increasingly showing that there’s actually a lot that can be done. It ___6___ out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental___7___ can significantly improve our basic cognitive ___8___. Thinking is essentially a ___9___ of making connections in the brain. To a certain extent, our ability to ___10___ in making the connections that drive intelligence is inherited. ___11___, because these connections are made through effort and practice, scientists believe that intelligence can expand and fluctuate ___12___ mental effort.Now, a new Web-based company has taken it a step ___13___ and developed the first "brain training program" designed to actually help people improve and regain their mental ___14___.The Web-based program ___15___ you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills. The program keeps ___16___ of your progress and provides detailed feedback ___17___ your performance and improvement. Most importantly, it ___18___modifies and enhances the games you play to ___19___ on the strengths you are developing—much like a(n) ___20___exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use.1. [A]where [B]when [C]that [D]why2. [A]improves [B]fades [C]recovers [D]collapses3. [A]If [B]Unless [C]Once [D]While4. [A]uneven [B]limited [C]damaging [D]obscure5. [A]wellbeing [B]environment [C]relationship [D]outlook6. [A]turns [B]finds [C]points [D]figures7. [A]roundabouts [B]responses [C]workouts [D]associations8. [A]genre [B]functions [C]circumstances [D]criterion9. [A]channel [B]condition [C]sequence [D]process10. [A]persist [B]believe [C]excel [D]feature11. [A] Therefore [B] Moreover [C] Otherwise [D] However12. [A]according to [B]regardless of [C]apart from [D]instead of13. [A]back [B]further [C]aside [D]around14. [A]sharpness [B]stability [C]framework [D]flexibility15. [A]forces [B]reminds [C]hurries [D]allows16. [A]hold [B]track [C]order [D]pace17. [A]to [B]with [C]for [D]on18. [A]irregularly [B]habitually [C]constantly [D]unusually19. [A]carry [B]put [C]build [D]take20. [A]risky [B]effective [C]idle [D]familiarSection ⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points) Text 1In order to "change lives for the better" and reduce "dependency" George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, introduced the "upfront work search" scheme. Only if the jobless arrive at the jobcentre with a CV, register for online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit and then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly. What could be more reasonable?More apparent reasonableness followed. There will now be a seven-day wait for the jobseeker’s allowance. "Those first few days should be spent looking for work, not looking to sign on." he claimed. "We’re doing these things because we know they help people stay off benefits and help those on benefits get into work faster." Help? Really? On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with "reforms" to an obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsidises laziness. What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for "fundamental fairness"— protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits.Losing a job is hurting: you don’t skip down to the jobcentre with a song in your heart, delighted at the prospect of doubling your income from the generous state. It is financially terrifying, psychologically embarrassing and you know that support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. You are now not wanted; you support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. You are now not wanted; you are now excluded from the work environment that offers purpose and structure in your life. Worse, the crucial income to feed yourself and your family and pay the bills has disappeared. Ask anyone newly unemployed what they want and the answer is always: a job.But in Osborneland, your first instinct is to fall into dependency —permanent dependency if you can get it — supported by a state only too ready to indulge your falsehood. It is as though 20 years of ever-tougher reforms of the job search and benefit administration system never happened. The principle of British welfare is no longer that you can insure yourself against the risk of unemployment and receive unconditional payments if the disaster happens. Even the very phrase "jobseeker’s allowance" — invented in 1996 — is about redefining the unemployed as a "jobseeker" who had no mandatory right to a benefit he or she has earned through making national insurance contributions. Instead, the claimant receives a time-limited "allowance," conditional on actively seeking a job; no entitlement and no insurance, at £71.70 a week, one of the least generous in the EU.21. George Osborne’s scheme was intended to[A]provide the unemployed with easier access to benefits.[B]encourage jobseekers’ active engagement in job seeking.[C]motivate the unemployed to report voluntarily.[D]guarantee jobseekers’ legitimate right to benefits.22. The phrase, "to sign on" (Line 3, Para. 2) most probably means[A]to check on the availability of jobs at the jobcentre.[B]to accept the government’s restrictions on the allowance.[C]to register for an allowance from the government.[D]to attend a governmental job-training program.23. What prompted the chancellor to develop his scheme?[A]A desire to secure a better life for all.[B]An eagerness to protect the unemployed.[C]An urge to be generous to the claimants.[D]A passion to ensure fairness for taxpayers.24. According to Paragraph 3, being unemployed makes one feel[A]uneasy[B]enraged.[C]insulted.[D]guilty.25. To which of the following would the author most probably agree?[A]The British welfare system indulges jobseekers’ laziness.[B]Osborne’s reforms will reduce the risk of unemployment.[C]The jobseekers’ allowance has met their actual needs.[D]Unemployment benefits should not be made conditional.Text 2All around the world, lawyers generate more hostility than the members of any other profession—with the possible exception of journalism. But there are few places where clients have more grounds for complaint than America.During the decade before the economic crisis, spending on legal services in America grew twice as fast as inflation. The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money, tempting ever more students to pile into law schools. But most law graduates never get a big-firm job. Many of them instead become the kind of nuisance-lawsuit filer that makes the tort system a costly nightmare.There are many reasons for this. One is the excessive costs of a legal education. There is just one path for a lawyer in most American states: a four-year undergraduate degree in some unrelated subject, then a three-year law degree at one of 200 law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam. This leaves today’s average law-school graduate with $100,000 of debt on top of undergraduate debts. Law-school debt means that many cannot afford to go into government or non-profit work, and that they have to work fearsomely hard.Reforming the system would help both lawyers and their customers. Sensible ideas have been around for a long time, but the state-level bodies that govern the profession have been too conservative to implement them. One idea is to allow people to study law as an undergraduate degree. Another is to let students sit for the bar after only two years of law school. If the bar exam is truly a stern enough test for a would-be lawyer, those who can sit it earlier should be allowed todo so. Students who do not need the extra training could cut their debt mountain by a third.The other reason why costs are so high is the restrictive guild-like ownership structure of the business. Except in the District of Columbia, non-lawyers may not own any share of a law firm. This keeps fees high and innovation slow. There is pressure for change from within the profession, but opponents of change among the regulators insist that keeping outsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers from the pressure to make money rather than serve clients ethically.In fact, allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and improve services to customers, by encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ professional managers to focus on improving firms’ efficiency. After all, other countries, such as Australia and Britain, have started liberalizing their legal professions. America should follow.26.a lot of students take up law as their profession due to[A]the growing demand from clients.[B]the increasing pressure of inflation.[C]the prospect of working in big firms.[D]the attraction of financial rewards.27.Which of the following adds to the costs of legal education in most American states?[A]Higher tuition fees for undergraduate studies.[B]Admissions approval from the bar association.[C]Pursuing a bachelor’s degree in another major.[D]Receiving training by professional associations.28.Hindrance to the reform of the legal system originates from[A]lawyers’ and clients’ strong resistance.[B]the rigid bodies governing the profession.[C]the stem exam for would-be lawyers.[D]non-professionals’ sharp criticism.29.The guild-like ownership structure is considered "restrictive"partly because it[A]bans outsiders’ involvement in the profession.[B]keeps lawyers from holding law-firm shares.[C]aggravates the ethical situation in the trade.[D]prevents lawyers from gaining due profits.30.In this text, the author mainly discusses[A]flawed ownership of America’s law firms and its causes.[B]the factors that help make a successful lawyer in America.[C]a problem in America’s legal profession and solutions to it.[D]the role of undergraduate studies in America’s legal education.Text 3The US$3-million Fundamental physics prize is indeed an interesting experiment, as Alexander Polyakov said when he accepted this year’s award in March. And it is far from the only one of its type. As a News Feature article in Nature discusses, a string of lucrative awards for researchers have joined the Nobel Prizes in recent years. Many, like the Fundamental Physics Prize, are funded from the telephone-number-sized bank accounts of Internet entrepreneurs. These benefactors have succeeded in their chosen fields, they say, and they wantto use their wealth to draw attention to those who have succeeded in science.What’s not to like? Quite a lot, a ccording to a handful of scientists quoted in the News Feature. You cannot buy class, as the old saying goes, and these upstart entrepreneurs cannot buy their prizes the prestige of the Nobels, The new awards are an exercise in self-promotion for those behind them, say scientists. They could distort the achievement-based system of peer-review-led research. They could cement the status quo of peer-reviewed research. They do not fund peer-reviewed research. They perpetuate the myth of the lone genius.The goals of the prize-givers seem as scattered as the criticism. Some want to shock, others to draw people into science, or to better reward those who have made their careers in research.As Nature has pointed out before, there are some legitimate concerns about how science prizes—both new and old—are distributed. The Breakthrough Prizein Life Sciences, launched this year, takes an unrepresentative view of what thelife sciences include. But the Nobel Foundation’s limit of three recipients per prize, each of whom must still be living, has long been outgrown by the collaborative nature of modern research—as will be demonstrated by the inevitable row over who is ignored when it comes to acknowledging the discovery of the Higgs boson. The Nobels were, of course, themselves set up by a very rich individual who had decided what he wanted to do with his own money. Time, rather than intention, has given them legitimacy.As much as some scientists may complain about the new awards, two things seem clear. First, most researchers would accept such a prize if they were offered one. Second, it is surely a good thing that the money and attention come to science rather than go elsewhere, It is fair to criticize and question the mechanism—that is the culture of research, after all—but it is the prize-givers’ money to do with as they please. It is wise to take such gifts with gratitude and grace.31. The Fundamental Physics Prize is seen as[A]a symbol of the entrepreneurs’ wealth.[B]a possible replacement of the Nobel Prizes.[C]an example of bankers’ investments.[D]a handsome reward for researchers.32. The critics think that the new awards will most benefit[A]the profit-oriented scientists.[B]the founders of the new awards.[C]the achievement-based system.[D]peer-review-led research.33. The discovery of the Higgs boson is a typical case which involves[A]controversies over the recipients’ status.[B]the joint effort of modern researchers.[C]legitimate concerns over the new prizes.[D]the demonstration of research findings.34. According to Paragraph 4,which of the following is true of the Nobels?[A]Their endurance has done justice to them.[B]Their legitimacy has long been in dispute.[C]They are the most representative honor.[D]History has never cast doubt on them.35.The author believes that the now awards are[A]acceptable despite the criticism.[B]harmful to the culture of research.[C]subject to undesirable changes.[D]unworthy of public attention.Text 4"The Heart of the Matter," the just-released report by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (AAAS), deserves praise for affirming the importance of the humanities and social sciences to the prosperity and security of liberal democracyin America. R egrettably, however, the report’s failure to address the true nature of the crisis facing liberal education may cause more harm than good.In 2010, leading congressional Democrats and Republicans sent letters to the AAAS asking that it identify actions that could be taken by "federal, state and local governments, universities, foundations, educators, individual benefactors and others" to "maintain national excellence in humanities and social scientific scholarship and education." In response, the American Academy formed the Commission on the Humanities and Social Sciences. Among the commission’s 51 members are top-tier-university presidents, scholars, lawyers, judges, and business executives, as well as prominent figures from diplomacy, filmmaking, music and journalism.The goals identified in the report are generally admirable. Because representative government presupposes an informed citizenry, the report supports full literacy; stresses the study of history and government, particularly American history and American government; and encourages the use of new digital technologies. To encourage innovation and competition, the report calls for increased investment in research, the crafting of coherent curricula that improve students’ ability to solve problem s and communicate effectively in the 21st century, increased funding for teachers and the encouragement of scholars to bring their learning to bear on the great challenges of the day. The report also advocates greater study of foreign languages, international affairs and the expansion of study abroad programs.Unfortunately, despite 2½ years in the making, "The Heart of the Matter" never gets to the heart of the matter: the illiberal nature of liberal education at our leading colleges and universities. The commission ignores that for several decades America's colleges and universities have produced graduates who don’t know the content and character of liberal education and are thus deprived of its benefits. Sadly, the spirit of inquiry once at home on campus has been replaced by the use of the humanities and social sciences as vehicles for publicizing "progressive," or left-liberal propaganda.Today, professors routinely treat the progressive interpretation of history and progressive public policy as the proper subject of study while portraying conservative or classical liberal ideas—such as free markets and self-reliance—as falling outside the boundaries of routine, and sometimes legitimate, intellectual investigation.The AAAS displays great enthusiasm for liberal education. Yet its report may well set back reform by obscuring the depth and breadth of the challenge that Congress asked it to illuminate.36. According to Paragraph 1, what is the author’s attitude toward the AAAS’s report?[A] Critical[B] Appreciative[C] Contemptuous[D] Tolerant37. Influential figures in the Congress required that the AAAS report on how to[A] retain people’s interest in liberal education[B] define the government’s role in education[C] keep a leading position in liberal education[D] safeguard individuals’ rights to education38. According to Paragraph 3, the report suggests[A] an exclusive study of American history[B] a greater emphasis on theoretical subjects[C] the application of emerging technologies[D] funding for the study of foreign languages39. The author implies in Paragraph 5 that professors are[A] supportive of free markets[B] cautious about intellectual investigation[C] conservative about public policy[D] biased against classical liberal ideas40. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Ways to Grasp "The Heart of the Matter"[B] Illiberal Education and "The Heart of the Matter"[C] The AAAS’s Contribution to Liberal E ducation[D] Progressive Policy vs. Liberal EducationPart BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs A and Ehave been correctly placed Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET (10 points)[A] Some archaeological sites have always been easily observable—for example, the Parthenon in Athens, Greece, the pyramids of Giza in Egypt; and the megaliths of Stonehenge in southern England. But these sites are exceptions to the norm. Most archaeological sites have been located by means of careful searching, while many others have been discovered by accident. Olduvai Gorge, an early hominid site in Tanzania, was found by a butterfly hunter who literally fell into its deep valley in 1911. Thousands of Aztec artifacts came to light during the digging of the Mexico City subway in the 1970s.[B]In another case, American archaeologists Rene Million and George Cowgill spent years systematically mapping the entire city of Teotihuacan in the Valley of Mexico near what is now Mexico City. At its peak around AD 600, this city was one of the largest human settlements in the world. The researchers mapped not only the city’s vast and ornate ceremonial areas, b ut also hundreds of simpler apartment complexes where common people lived.[C] How do archaeologists know where to find what they are looking for when there is nothing visible on the surface of the ground? Typically, they survey and sample (make test excavations on) large areas of terrain to determine where excavation will yield useful information. Surveys and test samples have also become important for understanding the larger landscapes that contain archaeological sites.[D] Surveys can cover a single large settlement or entire landscapes. In one case, many researchers working around the ancient Maya city of Copan, Honduras, have located hundreds of small rural villages and individual dwellings by using aerial photographs and by making surveys on foot. The resulting settlement maps show how the distribution and density of the rural population around the city changed dramatically between AD 500 and 850, when Copan collapsed.[E] To find their sites, archaeologists today rely heavily on systematic survey methods and a variety of high-technology tools and techniques. Airborne technologies, such as different types of radar and photographic equipment carried by airplanes or spacecraft, allow archaeologists to learn about what lies beneath the ground without digging. Aerial surveys locate general areas of interest or larger buried features, such as ancient buildings or fields.[F] Most archaeological sites, however, are discovered by archaeologists who have set out to look for them. Such searches can take years. British archaeologist Howard Carter knew that the tomb of the Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamun existed from information found in other sites. Carter sifted through rubble in the Valley of the Kings for seven years before he located the tomb in 1922. In the late 1800s British archaeologist Sir Arthur Evan combed antique dealers’ stores in Athens, Greece. He was searching for tiny engraved seals attributed to the ancient Mycenaean culture that dominated Greece from the 1400s to 1200s BC. Evans’s interpretations of these engravings eventually led him to find the Minoan palace at Knossos (Knossós) on the island of Crete, in 1900.[G] Ground surveys allow archaeologists to pinpoint the places where digs will be successful. Most ground surveys involve a lot of walking, looking for surface clues such as small fragments of pottery. They often include a certain amount of digging to test for buried materials at selected points across a landscape. Archaeologists also may locate buried remains by using such technologies as ground radar, magnetic-field recording, and metal detectors. Archaeologists commonly use computers to map sites and the landscapes around sites. Two and three-dimensional maps are helpful tools in planning excavations, illustrating how sites look, and presenting the results of archaeological research.41.C→ A →42.F→ E →43.G→ 44.D →45.BPart CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Music means different things to different people and sometimes even different things to the same person at different moments of his life. It might be poetic, philosophical, sensual, or mathematical, but in any case it must, in my view, have something to do with the soul of the human being. Hence it is metaphysical; but the means of expression is purely and exclusively physical: sound. I believe it is precisely this permanent coexistence of metaphysical message through physical means that is the strength of music. (46)It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it, and not grasp music itself.Beethoven’s importance in music has been principally defined by the revolutionary nature of his compositions. He freed music from hitherto prevailing conventions of harmony and structure. Sometimes I feel in his late works a will to break all signs of continuity. The music is abrupt and seemingly disconnected, as in the last piano sonata. In musical expression, he did not feel restrained by the weight of convention. (47)By all accounts he was a freethinking person, and a courageous one, and I find courage an essential quality for the understanding, let alone the performance, of his works.This courageous attitude in fact becomes a requirement for the performers of Beethoven’s music. His compositions demand the performer to show courage, for example in the use of dynamics. (48)Beethoven’s habit of increasing the volume with an intense crescendo and then abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage was only rarely used by composers before him.Beethoven was a deeply political man in the broadest sense of the word. He was not interested in daily politics, but concerned with questions of moral behavior and the larger questions of right and wrong affecting the entire society. (49)Especially significant was his view of freedom, which, for him, was associated with the rights and responsibilities of the individual: he advocated freedom of thought and of personal expression.Beethoven’s music tends to move from chaos to order as if order were an imperative of human existence. For him, order does not result from forgetting or ignoring the disorders that plague our existence; order is a necessary development, an improvement that may lead to the Greek ideal of spiritual elevation. It is not by chance that the Funeral March is not the last movement of the Eroica Symphony, but the second, so that suffering does not have the last word. (50)One could interpret much of the work of Beethoven by saying that suffering is inevitable, but the courage to fight it renders life worth living.46. It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it, and not grasp music itself.这也是为什么我们尝试用语言来描述音乐时，只是能表达出对音乐的感受却无法领会音乐本身。

2014年MBA英语真题及参考答案完整版__MBA加油站Section I Use of English (10%)Directions: Read the following text. For each numbered blank there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)Thinner isn’t always better. A number of studies have __1 that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases. Compared to those who are overweight. And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually __ 2 . For example heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. __ 3 , among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an 4 of good health.Of even greater 5 is the fact that turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often defined 6 body mass index, or BMI. BMI 7 body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be moral weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And over 30 is considered obese. Obesity, __8 , Can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese.While such numerical standards seem 9 , they are not. Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat. Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit, 10 other with a low BMI may be in poor 11 . For example, many collegiate and professional football players 12 as obese, though their percentage body fat is low. Conversely , someone with a small frame may have high body fat buta 13 BMI.Today we have a(n) 14 to label obesity as a disgrace. The overweight are sometimes 15In the media with their faces covered. Stereotypes 16 with obesity include laziness ,lack of will power, and lower prospects for success. Teachers, employers, and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese. 17 very young children tend to look down on the overweight, and testing about body build has long been a problem in schools.Negative attitudes towards obesity, _ 18 in health concerns, have stimulated a number of anti-obesity 19 .My own hospital system has banned sugary drinks from its facilities. Many employers have instituted weight loss and fitness initiatives. Michelle Obema has launched a high-visibility campaign 20 children obesity, even claiming that it represents our greatest national security threat.1. (A) concluded (B) ensured (C) doubted (D) denied2. (A) dangerous (B) protective (C) sufficient (D) troublesome3. (A) Instead (B) However (C) Likewise (D) Therefore4. (A) objective (B) indicator (C) origin (D) example5. (A) impact (B) relevance (C) assistance (D) concern6. (A) in favor of (B) in case of (C) in term of (D) in respects of7. (A) equals (B) determines (C) measures (D) modifies8. (A) in turn (B) in contrast (C) in essence (D) in part9. (A) complicated (B) conservative (C)variable (D) straightforward10. (A) so (B) unless (C) since (D) while11. (A) shape (B) spirit (C) balance (D) taste12. (A) start (B) qualify (C) stay (D) retire13. (A) strange (B) constant (C) normal (D) changeable14. (A) option (B) tendency (C) opportunity (D) reason15. (A) employed (B) pictured (C)imitated (D) monitored16. (A) compared (B) combined (C)settled (D) associated17. (A) Yet (B) Still (C) Even (D) Only18. (A) despised (B) ignored (C) corrected (D) grounded19. (A) discussions (B) businesses (C)policies (D)studies20. (A) against (B) for (C) without (D) with答案：1-5 ABCBD 6-10 CAADD 11-15 ABCBB 16-20 DCDCASection II Reading Comprehension (50points)Part ADirections: Read the following passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1What would you do with $590m? This is now a question for Gloria MacKenzie, an 84-year-old widow who recently emerged from her small, tin-roofed house in Florida to collect the biggest undivided lottery jackpot in history. The blogosphere is full of advice for this lucky Powerball pensioner. But if she hopes her new-found lucre will yield lasting feeling of fulfilment, she could do worse than read “Happy Money”by Elizabeth Dunn and Michael Norton.These two academics---she teachers psychology at the University of British Columbia; he lectures on marketing at Harvard BusinessScholl---use an array of behavioral research to show that the most rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive. Fantasies of great wealth often involve visions of fancy cars and palatial homes on remote bluffs. Yet satisfaction with these material purchase wears off fairly quickly. What was once exciting and new becomes old-hat; remorse creeps in. It is far better to spend money on experiences, say Ms Dum and Mr Norton, like interesting trips, unique meals or even going to the cinema. These purchases often become more valuable with time---as stories or memories-particularly if they involve feeling more connected to others.This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well as lottery winners get the most “happiness bang for your buck ”.It seemsmost people would be better off if they could shorten their commutes to work, spend more time with friends and family and less of it watching television(something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing, and is hardly jollier for it ). Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself, and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly. This is apparently the reason McDonald’s restricts the availability of its popular McRib - a marketing gimmick that has turned the pork sandwich into an object of obsession.Readers of “Happy Money” are clearly a privileged lot, anxious about fulfilment, not hunger. Money may not quite buy happiness, but people in wealthier countries are generally happier than those in poor ones. Yet the link between feeling good and spending money on others can be seen among rich an poor people. Not everyone will agree with the authors’policy ideas, which range from mandating more holiday time to reducing tax incentives for American homebuyers. But most people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent.21. According to Dunnand Norton, while of the following is the most rewarding purchase?[A] A rich meal [B] A special tour [C] A stylish car [D] A big house22. The author’s attitude toward Americans’ watchingTV .[A] critical [B] supportive [C]sympathetic [D] ambiguous23. Mcrib is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to show that .[A] popularity usually comes after quality[B] consumers are sometimes irrational[C] marketing tricks are often effective[D] rarity generally increases pleasure24. According to the last paragraph, Happy Money .[A] may prove to be a worthwhile purchase[B] has left much room for readers’ criticism[C] has predicated a wider income gap in the US[D] may give its readers a sense of achievement25. This text mainly discusses how to .[A] balance feeling good and spending money[B] spend large sums of money won in lotteries[C] obtain lasting satisfaction from money spent[D] become more reasonable in spending on luxuries21-25 BADBAText 2An article in Scientific American has pointed out that empirical research says that, actually you think you’re more beautiful than you are.We have a deep-seated need to feel good about ourselves and we naturally employ a number of self-enhancing(to use the psychological terminology) strategies to achieve this. Social psychologists have amassed oceans of research into what they call the “above average effect,”or “illusory superiority”, and shown that, for example, 70% of us rate ourselves as above average in leadership, 93% in driving (across the ages and genders) and 85% at getting on well others – all obviously statistical impossibilities.We rose-tint our memories and put ourselves into self-affirming situations. We become defensive when criticized, and apply negative stereotypes to others to boost our own esteem. We strut around thinking we’re hot stuff.Psychologist and behavioral scientist Nicholas Epley oversaw a key into self-enhancement and attractiveness. Rather than have people simply rate their beauty compared with others, he asked them to identify an original photograph of themselves from a lineup including versions that had been morphed to appear more and less attractive. Visual recognition, reads the study, is “an automatic psychological process, occurring rapidly and intuitively with little or no apparent conscious deliberation”. If the subjects quickly chose a falsely flattering image---which most did ---they genuinely believed it was really how they looked.Epley found no significant gender difference in responses. Nor was there any evidence that those who self-enhanced the most (that is ,the participants who thought the most positively doctored pictures were real ) were doing so to make up for profound insecurities. In fact, those who thought that the images higher up the attractiveness scale were real directly corresponded with those who showed other markers for having higher self-seteem. “It a reflection simply of people generally thinking well of themselves.” If you are depressed, you won’t be self-enhancing.Knowing the results of Epley’s study, it makes sense that many people hate photographs of themselves so viscerally – on one level, they don’t even recognise the person in the picture as themselves. Facebook, therefore, is a sef-enhancer’s paradise, where people can share only the flukiest of flattering photos, the cream of their wit, style, beauty, intellect and lifestyles. It’s not that people’s profiles are dishonest,says Catalina Toma of Wisconsin-Madison University, “but they portray an idealized version of themselves”.(People are much more likely to out-and-out lie on dating websites, to an audience of strangers.)26. According to the first paragraph, social psychologists have found that .[A] our self-ratings are unrealistically high[B] illusory superiority is a baseless effect[C] self-enhancing strategies are ineffective[D] our need for leadership is unnatural27.Visual recognition is believed to be peoples .[A] rapid matching[B] intuitive response[C] automatic self-defense[D] conscious choice28. Epley found that people with higher self-esteem tendedto .[A] underestimate their insecurities[B] cover up their depressions[C] believe in their attractiveness[D] oversimplify their illusions29. The world viscerally (Line 2, Paragraph 5) is closest in meaning to .[A] occasionally[B] instinctively[C] particularly[D] aggressively30. It can be inferred Facebook is a self-enhancers paradise because people can .[A] present their dishonest profiles[B] withholds their unflattering sides[C] define their traditional lifestyles[D] share their intellectual pursuits26-30 ABCBBText 3The concept of man versus machine is at least as old as the industrialrevolution, but this phenomenon tends to be most acutely felt during economic downturns and fragile recoveries. And yet, it would be a mistake to think we are right now simply experiencing the painful side of a boom and bust cycle. Certain jobs have gone away for good, outmoded by machines. Since technology has such an insatiable appetite for eating up human jobs, this phenomenon will continue to restructure our economy in ways we can’t immediately foresee.When there is exponential improvement in the price and performance of technology, jobs that were once thought to be immune from automation suddenly become threatened. This argument has attracted a lot of attention, via the success of the book Race Argument the Machine, by Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee, who both hail from MIT’s Center for Digital Business.This is a powerful argument, and a scary one. And yet, John Hagel, author of The Power of Pull and other books, says Brynjolfsson and McAfee miss the reason why these jobs are so vulnerable to technology in the first place.Hagel says we have designed jobs in the U.S that tend to be “tightly scripted” and “highly standardized” ones that leave no room for “individual initiative or creativity.” In short, these are the types of jobs that machines can perform much better at than human beings. That is how we have put a giant target sign on the backs of American workers, Hagel says.It’s time to reinvent the formula for how work is conducted, since we are still relying on a very 20th century notion of work, Hagel says. In our rapidly changing economy, we more than ever need people in the workplace who can take initiative and exercise their imagination “to respond to unexpected events.” That’s not something machines are good at. They are designed to perform very predictable activities.As Hagel notes, Brynjolfsson and McAfee indeed touched on this point in their book. We need to reframe race against the machine as race with the machine. In other words, we need to look at the ways in which machine can augment human labor rather than replace it. So then the problem is not really about technology, but rather, “how do we innovate our institutions and our work practices?”31.According to the first paragraph, economic downturnswould .[A] ease the competition of man vs. machine[B] highlight machines’ threat to human jobs[C] provoke a painful technological revolution[D] outmode our current economic structure32. The authors of Race Against the Machine arguethat .[A] technology is diminishing man’s jod opportunities[B] automation is accelerating technological development[C] certain jobs will remain intact after automation[D] man will finally win the race against machine33. Hagel argues that jobs in the U.S are often .[A] performed by innovative minds[B] scripted with an individual style[C] standardized without a clear target[D] designed against human creativity34. According to the last paragraph, Brynjolfssonan Mcafee discussed .[A] the prediceability of machine behavior in practice[B] the formula for how work is conducted efficiently[C] the ways machines replace human labor in modern times[D] the necessity of human involvement in the workplace35. Which of the following could be the most appropriate title for the text?[A] How to Innovate Our Work Practices[B] Machines will Replace Human Labor[C] Can We Win the Race Against Machines[D] Economic Downturns Stimulate Innovations31-35 BADDCText 4When the government talks about infrastructure contributing to the economy the focus is usually on roads, broadband and energy. Housing is seldom mentioned.Why is that? To some extent the housing sector must shoulder the blame.We have not been good at communicating the real value that housing can contribute to economic growth, Then there is the scale of the typical project. It is hard to jostle for attention among multibillion-pound infrastructure projects, so it is inevitable that the attention is focused elsewhere. But perhaps the most significant reason is that the issue has always been so politically charged, This government does not see a return to large-scale provision of council housing, so it is naturally of measures that will lead us down that route.Nevertheless, the affordable housing situation is desperate. Waiting lists increase all the time an we are simply not building enough new homes.The comprehensive spending review offers an opportunity for the government to help rectify this. It needs to put historical prejudices to one side an take some steps to address our urgent housing need.There are some indications that it is preparing to do just that, The communities minster, Don Foster, has hinted that George Osborne may introduce more flexibility to the current cap on the amount that local authorities can borrow against their housing stock debt。