整理2：时态

11 条件式现在时 I构成：直陈式简单将来时的词尾换成直陈式未完成过去时的词尾构成。

Parler finir Venir avoir être aller je parleraistu parleraisil parleraitnous parlerionsvous parleriezils parleraient je finiraistu finiraisil finiraitnous finirionsvous finiriezils finiraient je viendraistu viendraisil viendraitnous viendrionsvous viendriezils viendraient j’auraistu auraisil auraitnous aurionsvous auriezils auraient je seraistu seraisil seraitnous serionsvous seriezils seraient j’iraistu iraisil iraitnous irionsvous iriezils iraient II⽤法： 1．⽤在表⽰结果的主句中，从句⽤si引导，其谓语⽤直陈式未完成过去时；相当于英语中表⽰现在或将来情况的虚拟条件句。

1）表⽰与现在事实相反 Si j’étais vous, j’irais chez le dentiste tout de suite. 2）表⽰将来可能实现的动作：Est-ce que cela t’ennuierait beaucoup si nous allions au cinéma un autre jour ? 如果动作实现的可能性极⼤，则主句⽤直陈式简单将来时，从句⽤直陈式现在时；相当于英语的真实条件句： S’il fait beau demain, nous irons au parc prendre des photos. 条件从句也可由其他表⽰条件的词组代替： A votre place, j’apprendrais le fran?ais comme seconde langue étrangère. Avec des si, on mettrait Paris dans une bouteille. 2．⽤在表⽰愿望、请求、建议、推测的独⽴句中，能表达委婉语⽓；相当于英语中情态动词⽤法 J’aimerais faire le tour du monde. (I’d like to travel round the world.) Pourrais-je écouter cette cassette avant de l’acheter ? (Could I listen to this cassette before buying it? ) Vous feriez mieux de suivre le conseil du médecin. (You’d better follow the doctor’s advice.) 3．⽤作直陈式过去将来时，表⽰过去某⼀动作之后将要发⽣的事情，相当于英语的⼀般过去将来时。

Past Simple Tense一般过去时主谓模块1：I was 我曾是肯定句否定句一般疑问句及回答Yes, I was. / No, I wasn’t.He was a worker. He was not a worker. Was he a worker?Yes, he was. / No, he was n’t. She was a worker. She was not a worker. Was she a worker?Yes, she was. / No, she was n’t.It was a worker. It was not a worker. Was it a worker?Yes, it was. / No, it was n’t.We were workers. We were not workers. Were you workers?Yes, we were. / No, we were n’t. You were workers. You were not workers. Were you workers?Yes, we were. / No, we were n’t. They were workers. They were not workers. Were they workers?Yes, they were. / No, they were n’t.主谓模块2：I did 我曾做肯定句否定句一般疑问句及回答Yes, I did. / No, I did n’t.He worked. He did n’t work.Did he work?Yes, he did. / No, he did n’t. She worked. She did n’t work. Did she work?Yes, she did. / No, she did n’t. It worked. It did n’t work. Did it work?Yes, it did. / No, it did n’t.We worked. We did n’t work. Did you work?Yes, we did. / No, we did n’t. You worked. You did n’t work.Did you work?Yes, we did. / No, we did n’t. They worked. They did n’t work.Did you work?Yes, they did. / No, they did n’t.标准句子结构●主谓模块1+X+时间模块I was a worker then. 那时我还是一个员工。

专升本辅导2 时态一、完成时态特点：1、谓语动词一般为延续性动词2、动作发生的时间是过去，但这一动作持续到现在，而且还可能继续持续下去；3、时间状语为一段时间，说明某个动作持续了多久。

1）I’ve worked in this company since 1980.2) I have lived here for 3 years.3) We have up until now failed to take any action to decide on a common language that would further communication between nations.(until now, up to now, up till now, so far)4) Throughout history man has had to accept the fact that all living things must die, for the very nature of life includes death.( in the last few years, over the past few years, during the last three months, for the last few centuries, through centuries)4、过去发生但与现在仍有联系的动作或状态---言外之意1）He has broken his leg.2) He broke his leg.3) A: What has happened to Jane? She is crying.B: She broke the dinning-room window. She has to face the music when her father gets home.4) You should have put the milk into icebox; I expect it ____ undrinkable by now.A. becameB. had becomeC. has becomeD. becomes5、到目前的一个时间段内重复发生的动作。

时态：【注】构成时态的助动词be (is, am, are), have (has), shall, will 等需根据主语的变化来选择。

时态是英语中一个重要的语法范畴，它表示不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态以及动作发生或存在的方式。

动作发生的时间可分为现在、过去、将来和过去将来四种形式（即时），动作发生的方式可分为一般、完成、进行和完成进行四种形式（即体）。

将时间形式和动作方式结合起来，就构成了以下英语的时态是靠动词的变化和时间状语来表达的。

英语中的时态共有十六种，要掌握英语的时态和语态，必须掌握好英语中的助动词(do, be, have)和时间状语这两个核心问题。

可以看出“时”的变化体现在助动词上，“体”的变化体现在助动词及动词上。

（1）一般现在时基本形式（以do为例）：第三人称单数：does（主语为非第三人称单数）；肯定句：主语＋动词原形＋其他；He works for us.否定句：主语＋don‘t/doesn't＋动词原形＋其他；He doesn't work for us.一般疑问句：Do/Does＋主语＋动词原形＋其他。

肯定回答：Yes，（＋主语＋do/does）．否定回答：No，（＋主语＋don't/doesn't.）特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句语Does he work for us?Yes, he does.No, he doesn'tWhat does he do for us?He works for us.（2）一般过去时be动词＋行为动词的过去式否定句式：在行为动词前加didn‘t，同时还原行为动词，或was／were＋not；was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did提问，同时还原行为动词例如：Did he work for us? He didn't work for us. He worked for u s.（3）一般将来时am／are／is＋going to＋do 或will／shall＋doam/is/are/about to + doam/is/are to + do;一般将来时的表达方法be going to +动词原形be +不定式,be to+动词原形,be about to ＋动词原形be able to +不定式be about to+动词原形will + 动词原形；例如：He is going to work for us.He will work for us；He is coming.这是特殊的用一般现在时表达将来时态的例子！！(4)过去将来时be（was，were）going to+动词原形be（was，were）about to+动词原形be（was，were）to+动词原形肯定句：主语+be（was，were）going to+动词原形～.否定句：主语+be（was，were）not going to+动词原形～.疑问句：Be（Was，Were）+主语+going to+动词原形～？肯定句：主语+would（should）+动词原形～.否定句：主语+would（should）not+动词原形～.疑问句：Would（Should）+主语+动词原形～？He would work for us.(5)现在进行时主语+be+v.ing〔现在分词〕形式(其中v表示动词)表示现在正在进行的动作或最近在做的事。

英语四个时态的结构英语中有四个基本时态：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时和现在进行时。

它们有不同的结构和用法，下面将详细介绍每个时态的结构。

一、一般现在时：1.肯定句结构：主语+动词原形/第三人称单数形式+其他例如：I play football every weekend.2. 否定句结构：主语 + do/does + not + 动词原形 + 其他例如：They do not like tomatoes.3. 疑问句结构：Do/Does + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？例如：Do you like ice cream?4. 特殊疑问句结构：特殊疑问词 + do/does + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？二、一般过去时：1.肯定句结构：主语+动词过去式+其他例如：She watched a movie last night.2. 否定句结构：主语 + did not + 动词原形 + 其他例如：He did not eat dinner yesterday.3. 疑问句结构：Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？例如：Did you go to the party?4. 特殊疑问句结构：特殊疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？例如：When did you arrive?三、一般将来时：1. 肯定句结构：主语 + will + 动词原形 + 其他例如：I will visit my grandma next week.2. 否定句结构：主语 + will not + 动词原形 + 其他3. 疑问句结构：Will + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？例如：Will you go to the concert?4. 特殊疑问句结构：特殊疑问词 + will + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？例如：Where will you travel next summer?四、现在进行时：1. 肯定句结构：主语 + am/is/are + 动词-ing + 其他例如：She is watching TV now.2. 否定句结构：主语 + am/is/are + not + 动词-ing + 其他例如：They are not studying for the exam.3. 疑问句结构：Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 动词-ing + 其他？例如：Are you playing basketball?4. 特殊疑问句结构：特殊疑问词 + am/is/are + 主语 + 动词-ing + 其他？例如：What are you doing tonight?以上就是英语四个基本时态的结构和用法。

时态复习（二）一、考点、热点回顾1、考点：过去进行时，过去将来时2、热点：2种时态具体用法3、2种时态详解一、过去进行时（一）定义：过去进行时，是表示过去某个具体时刻正在进行的事情或动作。

（二）结构：was/were +doing （现在分词）（三）用法1、过去进行时表示过去某段时间内持续进行的动作或者事情。

常用的时间状语this morning，the whole morning，all day yesterday，from nine to ten last evening，when，while 例如：We were watching TV from seven to nine last night.昨天晚上七点到九点的时候我们在看电视。

What was he researching all day last Sunday？上周日他一整天都在研究什么？My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.我哥哥骑自行车的时候从车上摔下来，受伤了。

It was raining when they left the station.他们离开车站的时候天正在下雨。

When I got to the top of the mountain，the sun was shining.当我到达山顶的时候，阳光灿烂。

2. 过去进行时可以表示在过去某个时间点发生的事情。

时间点可以用介词短语、副词或从句来表示。

如：What was she doing at nine o'clock yesterday？昨天晚上九点她在做什么？（介词短语表示时间点）When I saw him he was decorating his room.当我看见他的时候他正在装饰房间。

（when从句表示时间点）3.在复合句中，如果主要动作和背景动作都是延续的或同时发生的，那么主从句的动词都可用过去进行时。

1、上次课后巩固作业复习；2、互动探究I. 时态复习【知识梳理1】现在进行时1. 表示正在发生的动作或者目前一段时刻内正在进行的动作（但说话时那个动作不一定在进行）Come on! We are choosing presents for John’s 20th birthday.What lesson are you studying this week?Mr. Brown is a teacher of maths, but he is now teaching computer lessons.2. 用look!… listen!…等开头，强调某人正在做某事.Look, it’s snowing heavily outside and everywhere is in white.Listen! Someone is playing the drum next door.3. 表示不断重复的动作，常带always, constantly, forever, all the time等频度副词，而且带有感情色彩。

Alice is always helping others and doing volunteer work in the community.He is changing his mind all the time so that it’s hard for others to understand him.2.表示在过去先后发生的两个动作中，先发生的动作通常用过去完成时。

I didn’t see the film because I had seen it before.He told me that he had made a serious mistake.When I got to the cinema, the film had been on for ten minutes.3. 过去完成时的时刻状语有：by +过去时刻点(eg. by 2021, by the time he was born) 等。

英语时态专项复习与练习郑州十一中北校李本华初中阶段所学的英语时态复习：1)一般现在时2)现在进行时1.现在时态：3)现在完成时4)现在完成进行时5)一般将来时英语的时态：1)一般过去时2)过去进行时2.过去时态：3)过去完成时4)过去将来时一. 一般现在时：1.概念：表示现在经常发生的动作或习惯性的动作以及现在所存在的状态和爱好。

例如：He often gets up at 6:00 in the morning. 他经常在早上6点钟起床。

(习惯性动作)We usually do our homework in the evening. 我们通常晚上做作业。

(经常发生的动作) Mr. Green usually goes to bed at 10:00 at night. 格林先生通常在晚上10点睡觉。

(习惯性动作)Lucy looks very happy today. 今天Lucy显得很高兴。

(状态)Jack is angry now. Jack正在发怒。

(状态)We like walking after meals. 我们饭后喜欢散步。

(爱好)My brother likes playing basketball. 我弟弟喜欢打篮球。

(爱好)He enjoys playing the violin. 他喜欢拉小提琴。

(爱好)2.一般现在时谓语动词的构成：▲be动词：be动词的一般现在时有三种形式：am , is , are .主语是第一人称单数是用am , 主语是第三人称单数时用is , 其余各人称均用are.例如：1) I am a student. 2) He is a teacher.3) She is a doctor. 4) It is a desk.5) Jack is my friend. 6) My mother is a nurse.7) You are a policeman. 8) You are all my friends.9) We are all students. 10) They are on the playground.11) Jack and Tom are both Americans.依上例句可以归纳出be动词一般现在时的三种形式am , is , are的用法口诀：I用am , you用are ; is跟着他(he)、她(she)、它(it)。