The Cascade-Correlation Learning Architecture
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天津大学《湍流概论》课程教学大纲课程编号:2010139课程名称:湍流概论学时:32 学分: 2.0学时分配:授课:32 上机:实验:实践:实践(周):授课学院:机械学院适用专业:工程力学先修课程:流体力学、粘性流体力学一、课程的性质与目的通过本课程的学习,使学生树立用发展的观点,与时俱进的观点研究湍流的思想,要善于通过学科交叉与融合,引进新思想、新理论、新方法研究湍流,要了解目前湍流研究的前沿课题和发展方向,通过学研结合、加强实践环节,培养和提高学生从事湍流研究的能力。
二、教学基本要求通过本课程的学习,应当使学生首先认识湍流运动的基本特征、基本规律、基本描述方法和基本研究方法,这是研究和应用湍流理论的基础。
在此基础上,进一步掌握湍流的基本方程、湍流分析理论和方法、湍流测量技术。
最后,要求学生了解目前湍流研究的前沿课题和发展方向,包括湍流的现代高级数值模拟技术(直接数值模拟和大涡模拟),湍流现代模式理论,湍流相干结构,湍流现代统计理论模型,湍流测量的新技术和新成果。
三、教学内容第一章:湍流概述第一节:湍流现象与湍流的产生第二节:湍流的外在特征与湍流本质第三节:湍流研究的方法与湍流研究的历史回顾第四节:湍流与现代工程技术进步第二章:湍流物理第一节:湍流物理第二节:湍流的唯象理论第三节:湍流的相关与尺度第三章:湍流的实验测量第一节湍流中的特征尺度及其测量第二节湍流数字信号处理第三节湍流的热线测量第四节湍流的激光测速第五节湍流的流动显示第六节PIV及其进展第四章:湍流基本方程第一节:研究湍流的平均方法第二节:湍流的平均运动方程第三节:湍流的脉动方程与湍动能方程第四节:雷诺应力微分方程第五节:湍流耗散率微分方程第六节:湍流涡量动力学与平均标量方程第七节:湍流中的输运与扩散第八节:梯度扩散与涡黏性假设第五章:工程湍流模式及其应用第一节:湍流关联的模拟原则第二节:湍流经典模式理论(零方程模型)涡黏性模型与混合长度理论第三节:雷诺应力微分模型第四节:代数应力模型第五节:k-ε模型与一方程模型第六章:湍流统计理论第一节:湍流中的关联函数第二节:湍谱分析、K-H方程与能谱方程第三节:湍流的平衡与衰减第四节:湍流结构的间歇性与局部相似理论第五节:湍流中的结构、尺度、及能量串级理论第六节:湍流层次结构理论与湍流奇异标度律第七章:湍流高级数值模拟第一节:湍流的分辨率与计算机技术第二节:湍流的大涡模拟第三节:湍流的亚格子尺度模型第四节:湍流直接数值模拟第八章剪切湍流第一节:圆柱尾流第二节:自由湍射流第三节:湍流边界层第四节:湍流相干结构四、学时分配五、评价与考核方式平时成绩20%,期末考试80%六、教材与主要参考资料[1]S. Pope, “Turbulent Flows,” Cambridge University Press, (2000).[2]H. Tennekes and J.L. Lumley, A First Course in Turbulence, MIT Press (1972).[3]J.O. Hinze, "Turbulence," McGraw Hill (1975).TU Syllabus for An Introduction to Turbulence Code: Title: 2010139 Semester Hours: 32 Credits: 2.0Semester Hour Structure Lecture:32 Computer Lab:Experiment:Practice:Practice (Week):Offered by: School of Mechanical Engineeringfor: Engineering MechanicsPrerequisite: Fluid Mechanics,Viscous Fluid Dynamics1. Objective∙To provide the students with a fundamental understanding of turbulent flows.∙To familiarize the students with the stochastic and chaotic nature of turbulence.∙To provide the students with the tools for modeling turbulent flows.∙To familiarize the students with the statistical theories of turbulence.∙To familiarize the student with simulation techniques in turbulent flows.∙To familiarize the students with applications of turbulence in industry and environment.2. Course DescriptionFundamental aspects of turbulent flow will be discussed. Examples will be drawn from experimental and numerical studies of homogeneous turbulence, mixing layers, jets, wakes and boundary layers. Applications in engineering and in nature will be considered. Analytical tools to describe turbulent flows and associated mixing will be studied.3. TopicsChapter1 An introduction to turbulent flowsTurbulence phenomena and turbulence productionTurbulence character and turbulence natureTurbulence research method and history reviewTurbulence research and modern engineering-technology advanceChapter 2 PHYSICS OF TURBULENCEPhysics of TurbulencePhenomenological TheoriesCorrelation and Characteristic ScalesChapter 3 Turbulence experiments and measurement The characteristic scale and measurement in turbulenceTurbulence digital signal processHot-wire anemometryLaser Doppler velocimetryFlow visualizationParticle Image velocimetryChapter 4 Mean flow equationsTurbulence average methodsReynolds mean equationsFluctuation equation and turbulent kinetic energy equation Reynolds stress equationsTurbulence dissipationV orticity Dynamics and mean scalar equationTurbulent transfer and diffusionGradient diffusion and eddy-viscosity hypothesisChapter 5 TURBULENCE MODELINGZero Equation ModelsEddy ViscosityMixing Length Hypothesisεk Models-Stress Transport ModelsSecond-order ModelingChapter 6 Statistical theory of turbulenceThe energy cascade and Kolmogorov hypothesisFourier spectra and energy spectrumKarman-Howarth EquationsKolmogorov spectra, Inertial subrange and dissipation spectra Structure function and scaling lawIntermittency and anomalous scaling lawChapter 7 Advanced numerical simulationDirect SimulationsLarge-Eddy SimulationsSubgrid-Scale ModelingChapter 8 Turbulent shear flowsFree Shear FlowsWall-bounded Shear FlowsBoundary Layer FlowsCoherent structure4. Semester Hour StructureExam 1 10% ,Exam 2 10%,Final exam 80%6. Text-Book & Additional Readings[1]S. Pope, “Turbulent Flows,” Cambridge University Press, (2000).[2]H. Tennekes and J.L. Lumley, A First Course in Turbulence, MIT Press (1972).[3]J.O. Hinze, "Turbulence," McGraw Hill (1975).。
计算机视觉、机器学习相关领域论文和源代码大集合--持续更新……zouxy09@/zouxy09注:下面有project网站的大部分都有paper和相应的code。
Code一般是C/C++或者Matlab代码。
最近一次更新:2013-3-17一、特征提取Feature Extraction:·SIFT [1] [Demo program][SIFT Library] [VLFeat]·PCA-SIFT [2] [Project]·Affine-SIFT [3] [Project]·SURF [4] [OpenSURF] [Matlab Wrapper]·Affine Covariant Features [5] [Oxford project]·MSER [6] [Oxford project] [VLFeat]·Geometric Blur [7] [Code]·Local Self-Similarity Descriptor [8] [Oxford implementation]·Global and Efficient Self-Similarity [9] [Code]·Histogram of Oriented Graidents [10] [INRIA Object Localization Toolkit] [OLT toolkit for Windows]·GIST [11] [Project]·Shape Context [12] [Project]·Color Descriptor [13] [Project]·Pyramids of Histograms of Oriented Gradients [Code]·Space-Time Interest Points (STIP) [14][Project] [Code]·Boundary Preserving Dense Local Regions [15][Project]·Weighted Histogram[Code]·Histogram-based Interest Points Detectors[Paper][Code]·An OpenCV - C++ implementation of Local Self Similarity Descriptors [Project]·Fast Sparse Representation with Prototypes[Project]·Corner Detection [Project]·AGAST Corner Detector: faster than FAST and even FAST-ER[Project]· Real-time Facial Feature Detection using Conditional Regression Forests[Project]· Global and Efficient Self-Similarity for Object Classification and Detection[code]·WαSH: Weighted α-Shapes for Local Feature Detection[Project]· HOG[Project]· Online Selection of Discriminative Tracking Features[Project]二、图像分割Image Segmentation:·Normalized Cut [1] [Matlab code]·Gerg Mori’ Superpixel code [2] [Matlab code]·Efficient Graph-based Image Segmentation [3] [C++ code] [Matlab wrapper]·Mean-Shift Image Segmentation [4] [EDISON C++ code] [Matlab wrapper]·OWT-UCM Hierarchical Segmentation [5] [Resources]·Turbepixels [6] [Matlab code 32bit] [Matlab code 64bit] [Updated code]·Quick-Shift [7] [VLFeat]·SLIC Superpixels [8] [Project]·Segmentation by Minimum Code Length [9] [Project]·Biased Normalized Cut [10] [Project]·Segmentation Tree [11-12] [Project]·Entropy Rate Superpixel Segmentation [13] [Code]·Fast Approximate Energy Minimization via Graph Cuts[Paper][Code]·Efficient Planar Graph Cuts with Applications in Computer Vision[Paper][Code]·Isoperimetric Graph Partitioning for Image Segmentation[Paper][Code]·Random Walks for Image Segmentation[Paper][Code]·Blossom V: A new implementation of a minimum cost perfect matching algorithm[Code]·An Experimental Comparison of Min-Cut/Max-Flow Algorithms for Energy Minimization in Computer Vision[Paper][Code]·Geodesic Star Convexity for Interactive Image Segmentation[Project]·Contour Detection and Image Segmentation Resources[Project][Code]·Biased Normalized Cuts[Project]·Max-flow/min-cut[Project]·Chan-Vese Segmentation using Level Set[Project]· A Toolbox of Level Set Methods[Project]·Re-initialization Free Level Set Evolution via Reaction Diffusion[Project]·Improved C-V active contour model[Paper][Code]· A Variational Multiphase Level Set Approach to Simultaneous Segmentation and BiasCorrection[Paper][Code]· Level Set Method Research by Chunming Li[Project]· ClassCut for Unsupervised Class Segmentation[cod e]· SEEDS: Superpixels Extracted via Energy-Driven Sampling[Project][other]三、目标检测Object Detection:· A simple object detector with boosting [Project]·INRIA Object Detection and Localization Toolkit [1] [Project]·Discriminatively Trained Deformable Part Models [2] [Project]·Cascade Object Detection with Deformable Part Models [3] [Project]·Poselet [4] [Project]·Implicit Shape Model [5] [Project]·Viola and Jones’s Face Detection [6] [Project]·Bayesian Modelling of Dyanmic Scenes for Object Detection[Paper][Code]·Hand detection using multiple proposals[Project]·Color Constancy, Intrinsic Images, and Shape Estimation[Paper][Code]·Discriminatively trained deformable part models[Project]·Gradient Response Maps for Real-Time Detection of Texture-Less Objects: LineMOD [Project]·Image Processing On Line[Project]·Robust Optical Flow Estimation[Project]·Where's Waldo: Matching People in Images of Crowds[Project]· Scalable Multi-class Object Detection[Project]· Class-Specific Hough Forests for Object Detection[Project]· Deformed Lattice Detection In Real-World Images[Project]· Discriminatively trained deformable part models[Project]四、显著性检测Saliency Detection:·Itti, Koch, and Niebur’ saliency detection [1] [Matlab code]·Frequency-tuned salient region detection [2] [Project]·Saliency detection using maximum symmetric surround [3] [Project]·Attention via Information Maximization [4] [Matlab code]·Context-aware saliency detection [5] [Matlab code]·Graph-based visual saliency [6] [Matlab code]·Saliency detection: A spectral residual approach. [7] [Matlab code]·Segmenting salient objects from images and videos. [8] [Matlab code]·Saliency Using Natural statistics. [9] [Matlab code]·Discriminant Saliency for Visual Recognition from Cluttered Scenes. [10] [Code]·Learning to Predict Where Humans Look [11] [Project]·Global Contrast based Salient Region Detection [12] [Project]·Bayesian Saliency via Low and Mid Level Cues[Project]·Top-Down Visual Saliency via Joint CRF and Dictionary Learning[Paper][Code]· Saliency Detection: A Spectral Residual Approach[Code]五、图像分类、聚类Image Classification, Clustering·Pyramid Match [1] [Project]·Spatial Pyramid Matching [2] [Code]·Locality-constrained Linear Coding [3] [Project] [Matlab code]·Sparse Coding [4] [Project] [Matlab code]·Texture Classification [5] [Project]·Multiple Kernels for Image Classification [6] [Project]·Feature Combination [7] [Project]·SuperParsing [Code]·Large Scale Correlation Clustering Optimization[Matlab code]·Detecting and Sketching the Common[Project]·Self-Tuning Spectral Clustering[Project][Code]·User Assisted Separation of Reflections from a Single Image Using a Sparsity Prior[Paper][Code]·Filters for Texture Classification[Project]·Multiple Kernel Learning for Image Classification[Project]· SLIC Superpixels[Project]六、抠图Image Matting· A Closed Form Solution to Natural Image Matting [Code]·Spectral Matting [Project]·Learning-based Matting [Code]七、目标跟踪Object Tracking:· A Forest of Sensors - Tracking Adaptive Background Mixture Models [Project]·Object Tracking via Partial Least Squares Analysis[Paper][Code]·Robust Object Tracking with Online Multiple Instance Learning[Paper][Code]·Online Visual Tracking with Histograms and Articulating Blocks[Project]·Incremental Learning for Robust Visual Tracking[Project]·Real-time Compressive Tracking[Project]·Robust Object Tracking via Sparsity-based Collaborative Model[Project]·Visual Tracking via Adaptive Structural Local Sparse Appearance Model[Project]·Online Discriminative Object Tracking with Local Sparse Representation[Paper][Code]·Superpixel Tracking[Project]·Learning Hierarchical Image Representation with Sparsity, Saliency and Locality[Paper][Code]·Online Multiple Support Instance Tracking [Paper][Code]·Visual Tracking with Online Multiple Instance Learning[Project]·Object detection and recognition[Project]·Compressive Sensing Resources[Project]·Robust Real-Time Visual Tracking using Pixel-Wise Posteriors[Project]·Tracking-Learning-Detection[Project][OpenTLD/C++ Code]· the HandVu:vision-based hand gesture interface[Project]· Learning Probabilistic Non-Linear Latent Variable Models for Tracking Complex Activities[Project]八、Kinect:·Kinect toolbox[Project]·OpenNI[Project]·zouxy09 CSDN Blog[Resource]· FingerTracker 手指跟踪[code]九、3D相关:·3D Reconstruction of a Moving Object[Paper] [Code]·Shape From Shading Using Linear Approximation[Code]·Combining Shape from Shading and Stereo Depth Maps[Project][Code]·Shape from Shading: A Survey[Paper][Code]· A Spatio-Temporal Descriptor based on 3D Gradients (HOG3D)[Project][Code]·Multi-camera Scene Reconstruction via Graph Cuts[Paper][Code]· A Fast Marching Formulation of Perspective Shape from Shading under FrontalIllumination[Paper][Code]·Reconstruction:3D Shape, Illumination, Shading, Reflectance, Texture[Project]·Monocular Tracking of 3D Human Motion with a Coordinated Mixture of Factor Analyzers[Code]·Learning 3-D Scene Structure from a Single Still Image[Project]十、机器学习算法:·Matlab class for computing Approximate Nearest Nieghbor (ANN) [Matlab class providing interface to ANN library]·Random Sampling[code]·Probabilistic Latent Semantic Analysis (pLSA)[Code]·FASTANN and FASTCLUSTER for approximate k-means (AKM)[Project]·Fast Intersection / Additive Kernel SVMs[Project]·SVM[Code]·Ensemble learning[Project]·Deep Learning[Net]· Deep Learning Methods for Vision[Project]·Neural Network for Recognition of Handwritten Digits[Project]·Training a deep autoencoder or a classifier on MNIST digits[Project]· THE MNIST DATABASE of handwritten digits[Project]· Ersatz:deep neural networks in the cloud[Project]· Deep Learning [Project]· sparseLM : Sparse Levenberg-Marquardt nonlinear least squares in C/C++[Project]· Weka 3: Data Mining Software in Java[Project]· Invited talk "A Tutorial on Deep Learning" by Dr. Kai Yu (余凯)[Video]· CNN - Convolutional neural network class[Matlab Tool]· Yann LeCun's Publications[Wedsite]· LeNet-5, convolutional neural networks[Project]· Training a deep autoencoder or a classifier on MNIST digits[Project]· Deep Learning 大牛Geoffrey E. Hinton's HomePage[Website]· Multiple Instance Logistic Discriminant-based Metric Learning (MildML) and Logistic Discriminant-based Metric Learning (LDML)[Code]· Sparse coding simulation software[Project]· Visual Recognition and Machine Learning Summer School[Software]十一、目标、行为识别Object, Action Recognition:·Action Recognition by Dense Trajectories[Project][Code]·Action Recognition Using a Distributed Representation of Pose and Appearance[Project]·Recognition Using Regions[Paper][Code]·2D Articulated Human Pose Estimation[Project]·Fast Human Pose Estimation Using Appearance and Motion via Multi-Dimensional Boosting Regression[Paper][Code]·Estimating Human Pose from Occluded Images[Paper][Code]·Quasi-dense wide baseline matching[Project]· ChaLearn Gesture Challenge: Principal motion: PCA-based reconstruction of motion histograms[Project]· Real Time Head Pose Estimation with Random Regression Forests[Project]· 2D Action Recognition Serves 3D Human Pose Estimation[Project]· A Hough Transform-Based Voting Framework for Action Recognition[Project]·Motion Interchange Patterns for Action Recognition in Unconstrained Videos[Project]·2D articulated human pose estimation software[Project]·Learning and detecting shape models [code]·Progressive Search Space Reduction for Human Pose Estimation[Project]·Learning Non-Rigid 3D Shape from 2D Motion[Project]十二、图像处理:· Distance Transforms of Sampled Functions[Project]· The Computer Vision Homepage[Project]· Efficient appearance distances between windows[code]· Image Exploration algorithm[code]· Motion Magnification 运动放大[Project]· Bilateral Filtering for Gray and Color Images 双边滤波器[Project]· A Fast Approximation of the Bilateral Filter using a Signal Processing Approach [Project]十三、一些实用工具:·EGT: a Toolbox for Multiple View Geometry and Visual Servoing[Project] [Code]· a development kit of matlab mex functions for OpenCV library[Project]·Fast Artificial Neural Network Library[Project]十四、人手及指尖检测与识别:· finger-detection-and-gesture-recognition [Code]· Hand and Finger Detection using JavaCV[Project]· Hand and fingers detection[Code]十五、场景解释:· Nonparametric Scene Parsing via Label Transfer [Project]十六、光流Optical flow:· High accuracy optical flow using a theory for warping [Project]· Dense Trajectories Video Description [Project]·SIFT Flow: Dense Correspondence across Scenes and its Applications[Project]·KLT: An Implementation of the Kanade-Lucas-Tomasi Feature Tracker [Project]·Tracking Cars Using Optical Flow[Project]·Secrets of optical flow estimation and their principles[Project]·implmentation of the Black and Anandan dense optical flow method[Project]·Optical Flow Computation[Project]·Beyond Pixels: Exploring New Representations and Applications for Motion Analysis[Project] · A Database and Evaluation Methodology for Optical Flow[Project]·optical flow relative[Project]·Robust Optical Flow Estimation [Project]·optical flow[Project]十七、图像检索Image Retrieval:· Semi-Supervised Distance Metric Learning for Collaborative Image Retrieval [Paper][code]十八、马尔科夫随机场Markov Random Fields:·Markov Random Fields for Super-Resolution [Project]· A Comparative Study of Energy Minimization Methods for Markov Random Fields with Smoothness-Based Priors [Project]十九、运动检测Motion detection:· Moving Object Extraction, Using Models or Analysis of Regions [Project]·Background Subtraction: Experiments and Improvements for ViBe [Project]· A Self-Organizing Approach to Background Subtraction for Visual Surveillance Applications [Project] ·: A new change detection benchmark dataset[Project]·ViBe - a powerful technique for background detection and subtraction in video sequences[Project] ·Background Subtraction Program[Project]·Motion Detection Algorithms[Project]·Stuttgart Artificial Background Subtraction Dataset[Project]·Object Detection, Motion Estimation, and Tracking[Project]。
Unit 11Abdicate退位,辞职,正式放弃2Abolish废除,取消3Accomplice共犯4Acquittal无罪释放,履行(职责)5Adjourn休会,休庭6Adjudicate裁定,判决7Anarchy无政府状态,混乱,无秩序8Apolitical不关心政治的,非政治的9Apologist辩护者,辩解者10Arbitrate仲裁,公断11Aristocracy贵族,贵族阶级12Asylum政治(避难)13Autocracy专制独裁,独裁政体14Autonomous自治的,有自治权的15Barter物物交换,以物易物16Bourgeois资产阶级,中产阶级17Broker经纪人18Bureaucracy官僚主义,官僚总称19Burglary盗窃(罪)20Cede割让,放弃21Cession割让,转让22Chaos无秩序,混乱23Chauvinism沙文主义24Clique派系,小集团25Coalition联合体,联盟26Codify(法律)编辑成典,编纂27Coin28Collusion29Communal30Compact31Complicity32Concede33Conspiracy34Constituent35Decree36Default37Denotation38Depose39Disaffected40Discount41Discrimination42Imperial43Monarchy 44Plot45Property 46V assal47Affiliate 48Alimony 49Amnesty 50Annuity 51Arbiter52Beneficiary 53Bequeath 54Bicaeral 55Bullion56Cabal57Canvass 58Clientele 59Clout60Coup61Defray62Demise63Despot64Regal 65Regicide66Actuarial67Arraign68Barrister69Camaraderie70Codicil71Connivance72Covenant73Decapitate74Dregs75Dross76Minion77ArrearsUnit 2 1. Carnage78Confiscate79Demote80Dissident81Economy82Edict83Embezzlement84Emissary85Endorse86Entrepreneur 87Exculpate88Expatriate89Faction]90Functionary 91Hegemony92Illlicit93Impeach94Impunity95Inaugurate96Indict97Insurance98Interrogate99Invalidate 100Lien101Nullify 102Relegate 103Embargo 104Entail 105Exonerate 106Extraditon 107extralegal 108Factitious 109Felon110Ferocity111Fetter112Fugitive113Impute114Incarcerate 115Infraction 116Inquisitor 117Jingoist118Larceny119Limbo120Mace121Disenfranchise 122Disseminate 123Dossier124Emolument 125Enfranchise 126Exchequer 127Extort128Filch129Filibuster130Firebrand131Forensic132Franchise133Gentry134Immure135Incendiary136Indenture137Insolvent138Internecine139Interregnum140Junta141Litigation142Docket143Enclave144Gerontocracy145Gerrymander146JurisprudenceUnits 31.Deposition2.lucre3.machiavellian4.magisterial5.mandate6.mandatory7.manifest8.manifestation9.manifesto10.m arsal11.m ediate12.m onetary13.n epotism14.o rdinance15.p artisan partizan16.p erjury17.p olarize18.p robe19.p rosecution20.r eactionary21.r ecession22.r eciprocal23.r ecompense24.r elease25.r enounce26.r epel27.r epellent28.r esignation29.r etract30.r evoke31.s anction32.s tatus quo33.c ountermand34.m agnate35.m anacle36.m ercantile37.m issive38.m ulct39.o ptician40.p erquisite41.p iscatorial42.p olitec43.p olity44.p olygamist45.p roletarian46.p roscribe47.p unitive 48.p urge49.q uorum50.r ecidivism51.r ecidivist52.r emiss53.r emission54.r eprieve55.r esidue56.m alefactor57.m alfeasance58.m ayhem59.m oratoriu,60.n umismatist61.p erfidious62.p illory63.p lenary64.p otentate65.p rerogative66.p roviso67.r ider68.s edition69.s ervile70.s ervitude71.s inecure72.m anumit73.m averick74.m ilieu75.o ligarchy76.p lutocracy77.q uislingunit 41.accuse2.ally3.anachronistic4.apostate5.betray6.boycott7.bribe8.budget9.civil10.c oercion11.c ommerce12.c ommerce13.c ommercial 14.c ontract15.c onviction16.d efend17.d iplomacy18.d iscipline19.d omestic20.g uilt21.h ierarchy22.i ndex23.l egislation24.l egislature25.o ration26.p olitician27.p ractitioner28.r ebel29.s heriff30.s orority31.s tatute32.s tatutory33.s tipend34.s tock35.s ubsidy36.t estimony37.t ribute38.t urbulence39.t urmoil40.t urncoat41.t ycoon42.t yranny43.u pheaval44.u prising45.u surp46.u topia47.v erdict48.w itness49.a nachronism50.c onvulsion51.e ndemic52.s ignatory53.s uffragist54.s urveillalnce55.t hrall56.t ithe57.u ltimtum 58.u nderbid59.u nfetter60.u sury61.v enal62.v endor vie63.c oterie64.h aggle65.s late66.s uborn67.s ubpoena68.t estator69.t ribunal70.v enue71.w rit72.v ouchsafeunit 51.alchemy2.altruistic3.amphitheater4.anthem5.arch6.artifact artefact7.artisan8.ascetic9.haroque10.b rochure11.c arnal12.c arve13.c aste14.c lose-up15.c onjure16.c onnotation17.c ontext18.c onvert19.c reed20.c urator21.c ursive22.d evout23.d idactic24.d octrine25.d ogma26.e cologist27.e ffigy28.e galitarian 29.e goism30.e lixir31.l egalism32.a blution33.a dage34.a mulet35.a phorism36.a pparition37.a sceticism38.a theism39.b astion40.b enediction41.c elestial42.c horeography43.c limactic44.c ollage45.c onsecrate46.c redo47.d efeatist48.d ictum49.d octrinaire50.a pothegm apophthegm51.a rcade52.b ackdrop53.b lasphemy54.b ugaboo55.b urlesque56.c elibte57.c loister58.c onundrum,59.c ornice60.d eify61.d elineate62.d esecrate63.d iva64.e gotistical65.b ehemoth66.c entaur67.d efrock68.d emoniac69.d iadem70.d iorama71.e cclesiasticunit 6 1.embroider2.epic3.facade4.fluency5.fresco6.hallowed7.heresy8.humanitarian9.icon10.i deology11.i mpiety12.i mpious13.i ncarnate14.i ncarnation15.l egend16.m aterialism17.m aternal18.m axim19.m editation20.m etropolis21.m onastic22.n ominal23.o mnipresent24.o mnipresent25.o mniscient26.o rator27.o rthodox28.e ndearment29.e pilogue30.e pitaph31.e thos32.e xistential33.f atalism34.f igurine35.h edonist36.h eterodox37.h istrionic38.h orticultural39.i mprecation40.i ncantation41.i ncorporeal42.i nfernal43.i nviolable44.i nvocation 45.l ectern46.m onotheism47.n eophyte48.n ether49.o dyssey50.o racular51.o rdain52.o rdination53.e mboss54.e pigram55.f anfare56.f rieze57.g enealogy58.h ermitage59.h omily60.k ismet61.m alediction62.o belisk63.e pistemologist64.f ancier65.f iligree66.g ambit67.g argoyle68.i nfidel69.n ecromancy70.n irvana71.o ratoriounit 71.dirge2.elegy3.panoramic4.pastoral5.philatelist6.pious7.platitude8.platonic9.pragmatist10.p rologue11.r ecluse12.r everent13.r otunda14.s acrifice15.s anctuary16.s ermon 17.s train18.t hematic19.t rait20.v enerable21.w izardry22.p acifist23.p alette24.p atriarch25.p atrician26.p enance27.p odiatrist28.p odium29.p reamble30.p recept31.p rofane32.p roscenium33.p urgatory34.p epertoire35.r equiem36.r ococo37.s ect38.s eminary39.s pectral40.s treak41.t alisman42.t eetotalism43.t heocracy44.t rilogy45.u nction46.v eneration47.p aean48.p arochial49.p astiche50.p ontifical51.p urport52.r ecapitulate53.s acrilegious54.s cenario55.s chism56.s tipple57.s tratum58.s tygian59.t hespian60.u nfrock 61.p erdition62.p relate63.p roselytizeunit 81.abstract2.academic3.allegory4.alliteration5.analogy6.anecdote7.anecdote8.annals9.annotate10.a nthology11.a nticlimax12.a ntithesis13.a rchetype14.a rtistic15.b ibliography16.c aption17.c aricature18.c ategory19.c ircumlocution20.c liche21.c oda22.c ode23.c olloquial24.c onnoisseur25.d ata26.d epict27.d erivative28.d esign29.d iary30.d isciple31.d iscourse32.d issertation33.e mpirical34.e nigma35.e pitome36.e xcerpt37.g enre38.g ist39.g lossary40.i diom 41.j argon42.l ampoon43.l yric44.a ddendum45.a lias46.a nalogous47.a rgot48.c ameo49.c anto50.c ategorical51.c ognate52.c outh53.d oggerel54.e pistle55.e tymology56.f acsimile57.f elicitous58.f igurative59.h ieroglyphic60.o rthography61.a nthropomorphic62.b ard63.c ompendum compend64.d enouement65.e pithet66.e uphemism67.e xpletive68.f elicity69.h yperbole70.i ndite71.a lmanacunit 91.lexicographer2.lexicon3.liaison4.linguistic5.malapropism6.metaphor7.motif8.multilingual9.narrative10.n urture11.o bjective12.o bjectivity 13.p aradox14.p aralelism15.p edagogy16.p ortrait17.p ortray18.p recis19.p rototype20.p seudonym21.p undit22.q uintessence23.r hetoric24.r hyme25.s atire26.s cript27.s imile28.s ketch29.s oliloquy30.s onnet31.s tanza32.s tereotype33.s yntax34.t reatise35.t ruism36.u nderstatement37.u ndertone38.v erbalize39.v ernacular40.b ignette41.k en42.l imn43.l ineage44.m entor45.m iscelany46.n eologism47.o bituary48.o nomatopoeia49.p antomime50.p aradigm51.p arlance52.p edagogue53.p eruse54.p hilology55.p icaresque56.p rosody 57.r ubric58.s aga59.s avant60.s kit61.t irade62.t ome63.t ravesty64.v erismilitude65.v erity66.w itticism67.y arn68.l ineament69.m inuscule70.o pus71.p aragon72.p ariah73.p atois74.p eroration75.p olyglot76.s olecism77.v entriloquist78.l itotes79.r unic80.v irtuosounit 101.acoustic2.acrophobia3.aesthetic4.amphibian5.amputate6.angular7.antropoid8.anthropology9.antibiotic10.a ntidote11.a ntiseptic12.a ntler13.a pe14.a postrophe15.a pproximation16.a rchaeology17.a ria18.a t length19.b allet 20.b y birtue of21.c hoir22.c onsequently23.c onsonance24.d itty25.l est26.n everthleless27.o pera28.o rchestra29.p arenthesis30.p unctuate31.r ote32.s core33.s onata34.t erminology35.a bscission36.a cetic acid37.a lluvial38.a mnesia39.a nemia40.a nodyne41.a poplexy42.a quiline43.a rithmetic44.a xiom45.c adence46.c arillon47.e thnology48.f inale49.i nsofar50.l ibretto51.p ertain52.r endition53.r eprise54.s yncopation55.t empo56.t imber57.v audeville58.v elocity59.a nalgesic60.a pothecary61.a rchipelago62.c antata63.c rescendo 64.g amut65.m adrigal66.a phasia67.a rboretum68.f luted69.s poonerismunit 111.artery2.asteroid3.avalalnche4.billow5.burgeon6.capillary7.carnivorous8.cascade9.catharsis10.c entigrade11.c erebral12.c hronic13.c ompound14.c oncept15.c onifer16.c orrelation17.c orrode18.c orrosive19.c osmic20.c riteria21.d efoliate22.d egenerate23.d elta24.d issection25.e bb26.l ava27.a rrhythmic28.a septic29.a stigmatism30.a stral31.a ureole32.b enign33.c anine34.c anker35.c arat36.c arcinogen 37.c ardiology38.c arrion39.c athartic40.c entripetal41.c hasm42.c iliated43.c laustrophobia44.c lavicle45.c ompute46.c oncave47.c oncentric48.c ontagion49.c onvex50.c orporeal51.d emoented52.d emographic53.d isquistion54.d orsal55.d rone56.t ouchstone57.a rroyo58.a tavism59.a utopsy60.b ifurcate61.b ilious62.b rawn63.c arapace64.c artography65.c ataract66.c auterize67.c erebration68.c rux69.d eciduous70.d ecomposition71.d elirium72.d ermatologist73.d yspeptic74.c adaver75.c lime76.c ontusion77.c ynosureunit 121.entity2.erode3.ethnic4.euthanasia5.expertise6.fleck7.foliage8.formulate9.fungi10.g alaxy11.g erminate12.g rotto13.h ibernate14.h over15.i ncubate16.i nsomnia17.i nterdisciplinary18.i ntuition19.k ernel20.l abyrinth21.l atitude22.e clipse23.e ddy24.e jaculation25.e llipse26.e lllipsis27.e questrian28.e quine29.e uphony30.e we31.e xcise32.f acet33.f erret34.f ester35.f leece36.f rond37.f ruition38.g adfly39.g eneric40.g enesis41.g estate42.g narled43.g raphic44.h erbivorous45.h interland46.h ydrophobia 47.i sthmus48.k noll49.l ancet50.l eaven51.e ugenic52.f ebrile53.f loe54.g all55.g irth56.h erpetologist57.i gneous58.i nsalubrious59.k inetic60.l aceration61.e metic62.e ncroachment63.e ntomology64.e quinox65.f auna66.f lora67.l ackles68.h irsute69.h ummock70.h umus71.h ypochondriac72.i chthyology73.i mbecility74.k leptomaniac75.l agoonunit 131.liquid2.luminous3.lunar4.magnitude5.mammal6.maritime7.mirage8.molecule9.myopic10.o piate11.o rientation12.p late13.p anacea14.p arameter 15.p erimetter16.p henoenon17.p hobia18.p hoenix19.p hysiological20.p igment21.p ith22.p lacebo23.l eeway24.l ibido25.l umen26.m ammoth27.m atrix28.m rcurial29.m eteoric30.m ite31.m olt32.m omentum33.m orbid34.m ote35.n ebulous36.o bstetrician37.o lfactory38.o mnivorous39.o ptometrist40.o sseous41.o ssify42.o void43.p alpitate44.p apyrus45.p arity46.p athological47.p ediatrician48.p erceptive49.p ercussion50.p eriphery51.p lasticity52.p lumage53.p otion54.m angy55.m arsupial56.m egalomania57.m esmerize58.m nemonic 59.m onochromatic60.n ettle61.o bsequy62.o culist63.o rnithologist64.p aleontology65.p aranoia66.p etilential67.p hysiognomy68.l eonine69.m enagerie70.m icrocosm71.n omenclature72.o af73.p alimpest74.p enumbraunit 141.prey2.principle3.projectile4.promontory5.proportion6.psyche7.psychiatrist8.psychosis9.respiration10.s atellite11.s cope12.s emblance13.s eminal14.s pectrum15.s pherule16.s pleen17.s tatic18.s ubliminal19.s uture20.t actile21.t heoretical22.t herapeutic23.t heral24.t itle25.t undra26.t yphoon27.v estige 28.v irus29.v iscous30.a ppellation31.p recipitous32.p ropagate33.p ropulsive34.p rotuberance35.p sychopathic36.p ulmonary37.r avine38.r efraction39.r esponsiveness40.r ivulet41.s aline42.s alubrious43.s ensitization44.s eptic45.s lough46.s olstice47.s oluble48.s omnambulist49.s pawn50.s tanch51.s ucculent52.t angential53.t errestrial54.t opography55.t orso56.t raumatiuc57.u ndulating58.u rsine59.v enom60.v entral61.v isage62.v iscid63.p oultice64.p recipice65.p rophylactic66.p rovenance67.p ulsate68.r amification69.r everberate70.s accharine71.s eismic72.s idereal73.s olvent74.s omatic75.s ylvan76.s ymbiosis77.t axonomist78.t ravail79.u nguent80.v iper81.v isceral82.v ivisection83.p terodactyl84.q uadruped85.s imian86.t alon87.t arantula88.v itriolicunit 151.accessory2.adjunct3.adulterate4.akin5.alloy6.apex7.cleft8.cogponent10.c ompress11.c onduit12.d ecelerate13.d ehydrate14.d ilute15.d isembark16.d rake17.e mbryonic18.e ndocrine19.f atorable20.h ybrid21.h ybridization22.i mmunity23.m ete24.m osaic25.m ucus26.p atent 27.p eptide28.p recipitate29.r eaper30.r etina31.s luice32.s perm33.s yndrome34.s ynthesis35.s ynthetic36.u nearth37.v accinate38.w help39.w hiff40.y ield41.a morphous42.a naerobic43.a nneal44.a ppurtenances45.a utomaton46.c areen47.c hassis48.c oncatenate49.f illy50.i ncandescent51.l evee52.l og53.m acerate54.m atrilineal55.p ropellant propellent56.q uarantine57.r epercussion58.s alvage59.s lag60.t adpole61.t iller62.v aporize63.v ise64.v ortex65.w arble66.w hinny67.w horl68.w indfall69.c alorific70.c entrifugal 71.c onservatory72.c ulvert73.i ncrustation74.l igneous75.p araphernalia76.p hylum77.p recipitant78.p lverize79.s eine80.s melt81.s older82.v eneer83.v itreous84.g erminal85.s extant86.v erdigrisunit 161.anesthetic2.asphalt3.bolster4.brocade5.bulb6.carpenter7.catalyst8.caulk9.caustic10.c omposition11.c onstruction12.c revice13.d ebris14.d esiccate15.d issolve16.f erment17.f ilter18.f law19.f oil20.f rame21.f riction22.f usion23.h atch24.i llusion25.i nfiltrate26.i ngest27.i rrigate 28.j uncture29.m edium30.m ine31.o re32.p ebble33.r adiation34.r adium35.r amp36.r emmant37.s culpture38.s eep39.s tatue40.s ubstitute41.s urvey42.t exture43.t hermometer44.a perture45.a piary46.c argo47.d ismantle48.d issolution49.d istill50.d uctile51.e qualizer52.f ilings53.f ission54.f lax55.f ulcrum56.g laze57.g ouge58.h allucination59.h oist60.h one61.i mbue62.i mplode63.k it64.m etallurgical65.m otility66.o rb67.f ift68.f ubble69.s oot70.s ponge71.t rickle 72.d ie73.e gress74.f issure75.f lail76.g alvanize77.h iatus78.h omeostasis79.i sotope80.m etalloid81.m etamorphosis82.h one83.i mbue84.i plode85.k it86.m etallurgical87.m otility88.o rb89.r ift90.r ubble91.s oot92.s ponge93.t rickle94.d ie95.e gress96.f issure97.f lail98.g alvanize99.h iatus100.homeostasis 101.isotope102.metalloid103.metamorphosis 104.orifice105.turquoise106.acclivity107.flotsam108.guy109.gyroscope110.purchaseunit 171.aggressive2.annex3.annihilate4.armada5.assault6.beleaguer7.beset8.carnage9.dispatch10.e mancipate11.f ortify12.i ncursion13.i nvasion14.m artial15.m artyr16.m ilitant17.m ilitary18.m issile19.o nslaught20.r etreat21.s caffold22.t orque23.t ransmit24.v anguard25.a ccoutrements26.a trocity27.b arrage28.b ellicose29.b esiege30.c aliber calibre31.c atapult32.c itadel33.c ommandeer34.d etrerent35.d isband36.f eint37.f orage38.f oray39.h olster40.i mpale41.i mplosion42.i ndentation43.i nsurgent44.i nsurrection45.m uster46.p rotrude47.r ampant48.r eparation 49.r out50.s cabbard51.s kirmish52.s quash53.t amp54.a djutant55.a rsenal56.a ttrition57.b elligerent58.b randish59.b ulwark60.c apitulate61.c enturion62.c ohorts63.c onscript64.d eploy65.d etontion66.d islodge67.e spionage68.f iasco69.f usillade70.h olocaust71.m utinous72.r econnaissance73.s entinel74.s pangle75.s tratagem76.w aylay77.c ordon78.s tratifiedunit 181.barb2.brooch3.brush4.circlet5.cuisine6.culinary7.echelon8.embark9.fleet10.g ale11.g usty12.p edestal13.r ampart 14.r egiment15.r eserve16.s avory17.s ear18.s torage19.v ogue20.c arafe21.c onflagration22.c onveyance23.c rypt24.d inghy25.d ingy26.d ormer27.g armer28.g renade29.r efectory30.r epository31.r ostrum32.s avor33.s having34.s ilt35.s tochade36.s will37.t rappings38.t rinket39.u nsavory40.v ertex41.w armonger42.z enith43.a mazon44.d ais45.d ecollete46.e picure47.f odder48.g alleon49.g astronomy50.p rovender51.q uay52.r egimen53.r endezvous54.r ig55.s artorial56.s cavenge57.s hard 58.s herbet59.s kiff60.s toke61.s urfeit62.s ustenance63.t ipple64.t rajectory65.t rough66.t ureen67.v enison68.]victuals69.w arren70.d eclivity71.e paulet72.r aimentunit 191.accommodate2.ballast3.balm4.chalice5.gourmet6.gruel7.hoard8.hoe9.jet lag10.j unk11.l oophole12.l umber13.m ausoleum14.m iser15.p alatable16.r ealm17.r elic18.r etouch19.s age20.s pruce21.t hreshole22.t ire23.a lcove24.a limentary25.b auble26.b lazon27.c istern28.c olander 29.c ollation30.d arn31.g avel32.g ourmand33.g ratuitous34.g raze35.g rill36.g uise37.h aven38.i dyllic39.i ndigenous40.n autical41.n avigable42.p endant43.p estle44.p oncho45.p otable46.r epast47.r ung48.s ash49.s awdust50.s cent51.s ubsistence52.t assel53.t enement54.a viary55.c ondiments56.d omicile57.g ranary58.g ratuity59.i ndigence60.i nebriated61.j unket62.p all63.p allet64.p arquet65.p eregrination66.p eripatetic67.p yre68.r egatta69.v iand70.g azetteunit 20 1.aboriginal 2.abyss3.adolescent4.agenda5.amenity6.archives7.athlete8.bask9.bathe10.b in11.c hampion12.c omestible13.f arewell14.f estive15.f ete16.f orebear17.f orality18.i tinerary19.j ubilation20.k aleidoscope21.n ovice22.p astime23.p ickings24.p itch25.p ool26.r ite27.s hear28.s heathe29.s lab30.t in31.t int32.t orrent33.v ampire34.a ncestry35.b acchanal36.b egrudge37.b ivouac38.c aldron cauldron39.c oiffure40.d agger41.d esolate42.g nome43.h ilarity44.b ovel45.i tinerant 46.i tinerate47.k indergarten48.m iasma49.m ores50.o rgy51.p laque52.p ugilist53.r evelry54.s ecular55.s heath56.t rident57.w anderlust58.w ithdrawn59.z ephyr60.b oon61.c arousal62.d eluge63.h orde64.i conoclastic65.j ollity66.l oe67.n atation68.n ostrum69.q uagmire70.r egale71.s pate72.s patula73.t ract74.b ouillon75.c ornucopia76.o bsidian77.t oga78.t onsureunit 211.assuption2.cognitiveplain4.confirm5.conjecture6.corroborate7.deduce8.definition9.demon10.d emonstrate 11.d ialectic12.d isprove13.e laborate14.e lucidate15.e xtrovert16.f allacy17.f ascination18.f ractious19.h ypothesis20.h ypothetical21.i lluinate22.i llustrate23.i nduce24.i nfer25.i nterpretation26.i ntrovert27.p ostulate28.r ash29.r ationale30.r ationalize31.r ebuttal32.r efute33.s ophist34.s ophistry35.s pecify36.s peculation37.s upposition38.s urmise39.u nravel40.v ex41.v exation42.c holeric43.c ontrovert44.c rabbed45.c rotchety46.d ialectical47.d isabuse48.i ndignation49.i rate50.m etaphysical51.p osit52.t esty53.w rath54.c ognizance 55.d ichotomy56.e xtrapolation57.f allacious58.f uror59.i rascible60.p etulant61.p ique62.p utative63.r atiocination64.r ile65.s uppositious66.s yllogism67.t antrum68.f eiustyunit 221.agitate2.assiduous3.charitable4.charitlyplement6.cultivated7.decorous8.exalt9.extol10.i ndustrious11.i nfamous12.i nflexible13.i nsight14.i ntractable15.i rritation16.l aud17.o bdurate18.o bstinate19.o bstreperous20.o dious21.r efractory22.t enacious23.v anity24.w illful25.a ccolade26.a damant27.a dulation28.a stute29.b igotry 30.c avalier31.c avil32.d espicable33.d ogged34.d ogmatic35.e ulogistic36.f idelity37.h ard-nosed38.h eadstrong39.h ospitable40.i gnoble41.i mperious42.m alignant43.n otoriety44.p anache45.p erspicacious46.q uerulous47.r ecalcitrant48.r ectitude49.s curvy50.s plenetic51.t enacity52.v eracious53.c lairvoyant54.e ncomiastic55.e ncomium56.e ulogy57.e uphoria58.f roward59.g affe60.n efarious61.o blique62.o dium63.p anegyric64.p eremptory65.p ertinacious66.p robity67.r hapsodize68.s currilous69.v eritable70.r ibalduni 231.abhor2.alert3.antipathy4.arrogance5.asperity6.attentive7.bearing8.caution9.circumspect10.c omplacent11.c omprehend12.c onceit13.c oncentrate14.d isgust15.d umbfound16.i ntegrity17.i rksome18.l oathe19.m eticulous20.o verbearing21.p rudent22.r epulsion23.r esentment24.r evulsion25.r uthless26.s crupulous27.s eriousness28.t ension29.t entative30.v aunted31.v aunting32.v igilant33.a bominate34.e xecrable35.e xecrate36.f ixate37.g ingerly38.h aughtiness39.h ubris40.i nsolence41.i nsularity42.o verweening43.p ore44.p resumptuous45.p retentious46.r eflect 47.r igor48.r uminate49.s mug50.t emperament51.t hwart52.t ouchy53.t ruculence54.d iscretion55.d isinclination56.d our57.d raconian58.g eniality59.i ncisive60.i nvidious61.p ugnacity62.r epugnance63.s adistic64.s tringent65.s upercilious66.t ransport67.u nbridled68.v ainglorious69.v irulentuni 241.adventurous2.avarice3.avaricious4.baffle5.belittle6.bewilder7.bold8.brazen9.candor10.c ommitment11.c ompassion12.c onfound13.c onfusion14.c ontempt15.c ovetous16.c oy17.d epreciate18.d espise19.d isdain20.d isparage 21.i ntrepid22.j eer23.p erplexed24.p luck25.p roficient26.r idicule27.s arcasm28.s atirical29.s coff30.s corn31.s light32.t imidity33.v alor34.w ince35.b alk36.b awdy37.b efuddled38.c alculated39.c anny40.c omely41.r avenous42.d eride43.f oolhardy44.g ibe45.l ewd46.m ordant47.m uddle48.p ert49.p rowess50.q ualms51.q uizzical52.r apacious53.c upidity54.r ecreant55.s alacious56.s ensual57.s kittish58.d erision59.e mpathy60.f lout61.g amely62.i gnominy63.l ascivious64.l echery 65.l ibidinous66.p rurient67.p uissant68.p unctilious69.p usillanious70.q uandary71.q uip72.r apt73.s ardonic74.t aunt75.t emerity76.t imorous77.v oraciousunit 251.impotent2.rejoice3.relish4.reverie5.secretive6.sensation7.serenity8.smirk。
精密视觉测量中的测量引导方法夏瑞雪;陈琳【摘要】在精密视觉测量系统中,针对测量过程引导问题,为实现所见即所得的运动控制目标,根据应用场合的不同,提出了图像法和CAD模型法。
图像法适用于单个或小批量工件,采用光栅尺定位和数字图像相关相结合的方法,可快速、高质量地完成全景图像拼接,获取工件的鸟瞰影像位图。
CAD模型法则是利用工件CAD模型,在模型空间,通过点击工件模型来引导测量。
实验结果表明,这两种测量引导方法均切实可行,适用于精密视觉测量。
%In precise visual measuring system ,aiming at the problem in measuring process ,to realize what you see is what you get,image method and CAD model method for inspection guidance at different occasions in precision visual inspection system was proposed .The image method was used for signal or small quantities of workpieces .It adopted the combination of grid grating loca-tion and digital image correlation to process panoramic image mosaic ,which was fast and has high-quality,and the bird-eye view of workpiece was obtained .The CAD model method guided inspection by clicking the CAD model of workpiece in model space .The relevant examples are given to demonstrate the feasibility and efficiency of these two methods .【期刊名称】《仪表技术与传感器》【年(卷),期】2015(000)011【总页数】5页(P97-100,104)【关键词】视觉测量;测量引导;数字图像相关【作者】夏瑞雪;陈琳【作者单位】合肥工业大学,安徽合肥 230009; 安徽新华学院,安徽合肥230088;合肥工业大学,安徽合肥 230009【正文语种】中文【中图分类】TH741测量是产品制造过程中的重要环节,随着现代制造业对产品质量的要求越来越高,测量的重要性日益凸显[1]。
1. We become defensive when criticized, and apply negative stereotypes to others to boost our own esteem.2. Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point.3. Ants keep predatory insects away from where their aphids feed; Gmail keeps the spammers out of our inboxes.4. At the same time,people continue to treat fire as an event that needs to be wholly controlled and unleashed only out of necessity.5. As boards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholder pressure,executives who don't get the nod also may wish to move on.6. everyone needs to find their extra— their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment.7. It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it and not grasp music itself.8. Scientists jumped to the rescue with Some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them.9. A moralist, satirist,and social reformer, Dickens crafted complex plots and striking characters that capture the panorama of Englishsociety.10. Half a century of town and country planning has enabled it to retain an enviable rural coherence, while still permitting low-density urban living.11. Integrity had collapsed, she argued, because of a collective acceptance that the only “sorting mechanism ”in society should be profit and the market .12. we need them to imagine the united states as a place where they can be productive for a while without committing themselves to staying forever.13. The issue of voluntary part-time relates to Obamacare because one of the main purposes was to allow people to get insurance outside of employment.14. Firms are now studying how genes interact, looking for correlations that might be used to determine the causes of disease or predict a drug's efficacy.15. Dead markets partly reflect the paralysis of banks which will not sell assets for fear of booking losses, yet are reluctant to buy all those supposed bargains.16. He adds humbly that perhaps he was "superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully.17. Many leading American universities want their undergraduates to have a grounding in the basic canon of ideas that every educated person should possess.18. Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself, and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly.19. These benefactors have succeeded in their chosen fields, they say, and they want to use their wealth to draw attention to those who have succeeded in science.20. And perhaps faintly,they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques。
Matlab的神经网络工具箱入门在command window中键入help nnet〉〉help nnetNeural Network ToolboxVersion 7。
0 (R2010b) 03-Aug-2010神经网络工具箱版本7.0(R2010b)03八月,2010图形用户界面功能.nnstart —神经网络启动GUInctool —神经网络分类工具nftool —神经网络的拟合工具nntraintool —神经网络的训练工具nprtool —神经网络模式识别工具ntstool - NFTool神经网络时间序列的工具nntool - 神经网络工具箱的图形用户界面。
查看—查看一个神经网络。
网络的建立功能。
cascadeforwardnet —串级,前馈神经网络。
competlayer —竞争神经层.distdelaynet - 分布时滞的神经网络。
elmannet —Elman神经网络。
feedforwardnet —前馈神经网络.fitnet - 函数拟合神经网络。
layrecnet —分层递归神经网络。
linearlayer —线性神经层.lvqnet —学习矢量量化(LVQ)神经网络。
narnet - 非线性自结合的时间序列网络。
narxnet —非线性自结合的时间序列与外部输入网络。
newgrnn —设计一个广义回归神经网络。
newhop —建立经常性的Hopfield网络。
newlind —设计一个线性层.newpnn —设计概率神经网络.newrb - 径向基网络设计.newrbe - 设计一个确切的径向基网络.patternnet - 神经网络模式识别.感知- 感知。
selforgmap - 自组织特征映射。
timedelaynet - 时滞神经网络。
利用网络。
网络—创建一个自定义神经网络。
SIM卡—模拟一个神经网络.初始化- 初始化一个神经网络.适应—允许一个神经网络来适应。
TheCascade-CorrelationLearningArchitectureScottE.FahlmanandChristianLebiereAugust29,1991CMU-CS-90-100
SchoolofComputerScienceCarnegieMellonUniversityPittsburgh,PA15213
AbstractCascade-Correlationisanewarchitectureandsupervisedlearningalgorithmforartificialneuralnetworks.Insteadofjustadjustingtheweightsinanetworkoffixedtopology,Cascade-Correlationbeginswithaminimalnetwork,thenautomaticallytrainsandaddsnewhiddenunitsonebyone,creatingamulti-layerstructure.Onceanewhiddenunithasbeenaddedtothenetwork,itsinput-sideweightsarefrozen.Thisunitthenbecomesapermanentfeature-detectorinthenetwork,availableforproducingoutputsorforcreatingother,morecomplexfeaturedetectors.TheCascade-Correlationarchitecturehasseveraladvantagesoverexistingalgorithms:itlearnsveryquickly,thenetworkdeterminesitsownsizeandtopology,itretainsthestructuresithasbuiltevenifthetrainingsetchanges,anditrequiresnoback-propagationoferrorsignalsthroughtheconnectionsofthenetwork.
ThisresearchwassponsoredinpartbytheNationalScienceFoundationunderContractNumberEET-8716324andbytheDefenseAdvancedResearchProjectsAgency(DOD),ARPAOrderNo.4976underContractF33615-87-C-1499andmonitoredby:AvionicsLaboratory,AirForceWrightAeronauticalLaboratories,AeronauticalSystemsDivision(AFSC),Wright-PattersonAFB,OH45433-6543.
Theviewsandconclusionscontainedinthisdocumentarethoseoftheauthorsandshouldnotbeinterpretedasrepresentingtheofficialpolicies,eitherexpressedorimplied,oftheDefenseAdvancedResearchProjectsAgencyortheUSGovernment.1.WhyisBack-PropagationLearningSoSlow?TheCascade-Correlationlearningalgorithmwasdevelopedinanattempttoovercomecertainproblemsandlimitationsofthepopularback-propagation(or“backprop”)learningalgorithm[Rumelhart,1986].Themostimportantoftheselimitationsistheslowpaceatwhichbackproplearnsfromexamples.Evenonsimplebenchmarkproblems,aback-propagationnetworkmayrequiremanythousandsofepochstolearnthedesiredbehaviorfromexamples.(Anepochisdefinedasonepassthroughtheentiresetoftrainingexamples.)Wehaveattemptedtoanalyzethereasonswhybackproplearningissoslow,andwehaveidentifiedtwomajorproblemsthatcontributetotheslowness.Wecallthesethestep-sizeproblemandthemovingtargetproblem.Theremay,ofcourse,beothercontributingfactorsthatwehavenotyetidentified.
1.1.TheStep-SizeProblemThestep-sizeproblemoccursbecausethestandardback-propagationmethodcomputesonlyEw,thepartialfirstderivativeoftheoverallerrorfunctionwithrespecttoeachweightinthenetwork.Giventhesederivatives,wecanperformagradientdescentinweightspace,reducingtheerrorwitheachstep.Itisstraightforwardtoshowthatifwetakeinfinitesimalstepsdownthegradientvector,runninganewtrainingepochtorecomputethegradientaftereachstep,wewilleventuallyreachalocalminimumoftheerrorfunction.Experiencehasshownthatinmostsituationsthislocalminimumwillbeaglobalminimumaswell,oratleasta“goodenough”solutiontotheproblemathand.
Inapracticallearningsystem,however,wedonotwanttotakeinfinitesimalsteps;forfastlearning,wewanttotakethelargeststepsthatwecan.Unfortunately,ifwechooseastepsizethatistoolarge,thenetworkwillnotreliablyconvergetoagoodsolution.Inordertochooseareasonablestepsize,weneedtoknownotjusttheslopeoftheerrorfunction,butsomethingaboutitshigher-orderderivatives—itscurvature—inthevicinityofthecurrentpointinweightspace.Thisinformationisnotavailableinthestandardback-propagationalgorithm.
Anumberofschemeshavebeenproposedfordealingwiththestep-sizeproblem.Someformof“momentum”[Rumelhart,1986]isoftenusedasacrudewayofsummarizingtheslopeoftheerrorsurfaceatearlierpointsinthecomputation.Conjugategradientmethodshavebeenexploredinthecontextofartificialneuralnetworksbyanumberofresearchers[Watrous,1988,Lapedes,1987,Kramer,1989]withgenerallygoodresults.Severalschemes,forexample[Franzini,1987]andjacobs:dynamic,havebeenproposedthatadjustthestep-sizedynamically,basedonthechangeingradientfromonesteptoanother.BeckerandLeCun[Becker,1988]explicitlycomputeanapproximationtothesecondderivativeoftheerrorfunctionateachstepandusethatinformationtoguidethespeedofdescent.
Fahlman’squickpropalgorithm[Fahlman,1988]isoneofthemoresuccessfulalgorithmsforhandlingthestep-sizeprobleminback-propagationsystems.QuickpropcomputestheEwvaluesjustasinstandardbackprop,butinsteadofsimplegradientdescent,Quickpropusesasecond-ordermethod,relatedtoNewton’smethod,toupdatetheweights.Onthelearningbenchmarkswehavecollected,quickpropconsistentlyout-performsotherbackprop-likealgorithms,sometimesbyalargefactor.
Quickprop’sweight-updateproceduredependsontwoapproximations:first,thatsmallchangesinoneweighthaverelativelylittleeffectontheerrorgradientobservedatotherweights;second,thattheerrorfunctionwithrespecttoeachweightislocallyquadratic.Foreachweight,quickpropkeepsacopyof