大学体验英语3综合教程课文翻译Unit1-2

目录欧阳光明（2021.03.07）Unit1 Text A Mr. Doherty Builds His Dream Life 1Unit1 Text B American Family Life: The Changing Picture4Unit2 Text A The Freedom Givers10Unit3 Text A The Land of the Lock14Unit3 Text B Why I Bought A Gun16Unit4 Text A Was Einstein a Space Alien? 21Unit5 Text A Writing Three Thank-You Letters 25Unit6 Text A The Last Leaf28Unit7 Text A Life of a Salesman33Unit7 Text B Bricklayer's Boy41Unit8 Text A Human Cloning: A Scientist’s Story47Unit8 Text B Second Thoughts on Cloning50Unit1 Text A Mr. Doherty Builds His Dream Life多尔蒂先生创建自己的理想生活吉姆·多尔蒂Jim Doherty1 There are two things I have always wanted to do -- write and live ona farm. Today I'm doing both. I am not in E. B. White's class as a writer or in my neighbors' league as a farmer, but I'm getting by. And afteryears of frustration with city and suburban living, my wife Sandy and I have finally found contentment here in the country.有两件事是我一直想做的――写作与务农。

Unit 1P14 ,,,P21? Elected Minimum Distinct Responsibility Pursue Exploit Restrict Equip Granted Awarded4 at large on the basis of in support of apply for is aiming at7 Anyone over the age of 18 is eligible to vote.A form to apply for the scholarships is sent by the university to each student before the start of each semesterOn the advice of my doctor,I decided to give up smoking.The park is located right in the center of town.The university provides all the materials and facilities we desire.Unit 2P36? P4212.,,,,Basic benefits paid vacation personnel office be laid off career plans 3 version publications click spotted refugeesentries financialFull-time detailed annual4 set up came across referred to check out learnt of7 The policemen are busy filling out forms about the accident.I want to fill up the fuel tank before retuning the car.If you want to make a complaint, you’d better follow the correct procedure.We could’t have finished the experiment so soon without John’s help.After the storm,the people on the shore anxiously scanned the lake for any sign of the boat.Unit 33 attracitive fascination statement despite items defineimageConcerned belongings necessities4 step back identified with dressing up turned to feed off7 We should decreased the number of the cars on the road in order to reduce the fuel consumptionThe rise in electricity costs has added to our.You should make your own decision,and don’t always follow the lead of your brother.That hairstyle is in fashion this year,bur I am afraid it will be our of fashion next year.We are fated to suffer from many disappointments in our quest for truth.Unit 43 signal crash distress grace exploded collisionloweredBeamed scatter destruction4 combed through in any case ended in bound for on board7 She waited at the bus stop until the last bus came in.If there is anything we can help,please do not hesitate to contact us.How many crew does he need to run his yacht?Still I like her new book no matter it is not quite as good as her lastone.Never before have I met such a kind man.Unit 53 was sinking specialty purely discourage unlikely dynamicsactuallyReasonably have perceived extended4 took a deep interest in fell into sign up try outdropped out of7 We have to put aside our emotions and take it from a professional standpoint.The play was so wonderful that I soon lost myself in the excitement of it.She hasn’t got any hobbies-unless you call watching TV a habby.He said that he had got the information first-hand from the mayor himself.Since you can’t answer the question,perhaps we’d better ask someone else.Unit 63 clapped defend quit perfection interview surveyexclusive storage observed cover4 count out be unaware of stopped in his tracks at timesturn around7 It is a difficult job,but I would like to have a shotThis is a book about business practice as opposed to theorySocial activities never get in the way of her study.It was not until 1911 that the first vitamin was discovered.It was obvious that natural disasters were the cause of the country’s economic crisis.Unit 73 optimist reconstruction sway principles gross fulfilledelectionsSurgery pillar rigid4 brought out her best turn out works out Hand in there by nature 7 He did not regret what he had said but felt that he could have expressed it differentlyWe’d better wait till 14 will have had his exam by then,so he’ll be able to go on holiday with usHe’s working on a new project which has to be finished by the end of the year.They are letting us use their lab ,and in return,we are giving them the results of out research.The typing of the term paper took up the whole day.Unit 83 adequate vitally document distribution urban potentialcontinual infecting threat updated4 let down came across as In the back of mind as a matter of coursecleaning up7In pursuit of a healthier diet, people are eating more fish than they used to.We need to have the roof repaired before the bad weather sets in.The disease is in spreading,and all young children are at risk.The information is transmitted from one computer to another through a telephone line.Jack is a fairy good runner . He wins more often than not.Unit11. 任何年满18岁的人都有资格投票。

大学体验英语综合教程课文原文LELE was finally revised on the morning of December 16, 2020Unit1. The Unsung Heroes: What About Working Dads?On our first "date" after our twin daughters were born, my husband and I went to see the movie Toy Story. We enjoyed it, but afterward my husband asked, "Where was the dad" At first, it seemed petty to criticize an entertaining family movie because of one small point. The more I thought about it, however, the more glaring an omission it seemed. Not only was dad not around, he wasn't even mentioned - despite the fact that there was a baby in the family, so dad couldn't have been that long gone. It was as if the presence- or absence - of a father is a minor detail, not even requiring an explanation.This is only one example of the media trend toward marginalizing fathers, which mirrors enormous social changes in the United States. David Blankenhorn, in his book Fatherless America, refers to this trend as the "unnecessary father" concept.We are bombarded by stories about the struggles of working mothers (as opposed to non-working mothers, I suppose). Meanwhile, a high proportion of media stories about fathers focus on abusive husbands or deadbeat dads. It seems that the only time fathers merit attention is when they are criticized for not helping enough with the housework (a claim that I find dubious anyway, because the definition of "housework" rarely includes cleaning the gutters, changing the oil in the car or other jobs typically done by men) or when they die. When Mr. Blankenhorn surveyed fathers about the meaning of the term "good family man," many responded that it was a phrase they only heard at funerals.One exception to the "unnecessary father" syndrome is the glowing media attention that at-home dads have received. I do not mean to imply that at-home dads do not deserve support for making this commitment. I only mean to point out the double standard at work when at-home dads are applauded while at-home mothers and breadwinner fathers are given little, if any, cultural recognition.The very language we use to discuss men's roles ., deadbeat dads) shows a lack of appreciation for the majority of men who quietly yet proudly fulfill their family responsibilities. We almost never hear the term "working father," and it is rare that calls for more workplace flexibility are considered to be for men as much as for women. Our society acts as if family obligations are not as important to fathers as they are to mothers - as if career satisfaction is what a man's life is all about.Even more insulting is the recent media trend of regarding at-home wives as "status symbols" - like an expensive car - flaunted by the supposedly few men who can afford such a luxury. The implication is that men with at-home wives have it easier than those whose wiveswork outside the home because they have the "luxury" of a full-time housekeeper. In reality, however, the men who are the sole wage earners for their families suffer a lot of stresses. The loss of a job - or even the threat of that happening - is obviously much more difficult when that job is the sole source of income for a family. By the same token, sole wage earners have less flexibility when it comes to leaving unsatisfying careers because of the loss of income such a job change entails. In addition, many husbands work overtime or second jobs to make more needed money for their families. For these men, it is the family that the job supports that makes it all worthwhile. It is the belief that having a mother at home is important to the children, which makes so many men gladly take on the burden of being a sole wage earner.Today, there is widespread agreement among researchers that the absence of fathers from households causes serious problems for children and, consequently, for society at large. Yet, rather than holding up "ordinary" fathers as positive role models for the dads of tomorrow, too often society has thrown up its hands and decided that traditional fatherhood is at best obsolete and at worst dangerously reactionary. This has left many men questioning the value of their role as fathers.As a society, we need to realize that fathers are just as important to children as mothers are - not only for financial support, but for emotional support, education and discipline as well. It is not enough for us merely to recognize that fatherlessness is a problem - to stand beside the grave and mourn the loss of the "good family man" and then try to find someone to replace him (ask anyone who has lost a father though death if that is possible). We must acknowledge how we have devalued fatherhood and work to show men how necessary, how important they are in their children's lives.Those fathers who strive to be good family men by being there every day to love and support their families - those unsung heroes - need our recognition and our thanks for all they do. Because they deserve it.Unit2. Why Digital Culture Is Good for YouThe news media, along with social and behavioral scientists, have recently sent out a multitude of warnings about the many dangers that await us out there in cyberspace. The truth of the matter is that the Web is no more inherently dangerous than anything else in the world. It is not some amorphous entity capable of inflicting harmful outcomes on all who enter. In fact, in and of itself, the Web isfairly harmless. It has no special power to overtake its users and alter their very existence. Like the old tale that the vampire cannot harm you unless you invite it to cross your threshold, the Internet cannot corrupt without being invited. And, with the exception of children and the weak-willed, it cannot create what does not already exist...(1) Like alcohol, the Web simply magnifies what is already there: Experts are concerned that the masking that goes on online poses a danger for everyone who is a part of the Digital Culture. Before we know it, the experts tell us, we will all use fake identities, become fragmented, and will no longer be sure of just who we are. Wrong. The only people who feel compelled to mask, and otherwise misrepresent themselves online are the same people who are mysterious and unfrank in "real life"...the Net just gives them one more tool to practice their deceit.As for the rest of us, getting taken in by these people is a low probability. We know who these folks are in the "real world". The Internet does not "cause" people to disguise as something they are not. As for the Digital Culture getting cheated by these dishonest folks, well, there are just as many "cues" online to decipher deception as there are in the "real world". The competent WebHead can recognize many red flags given off by the online behavior of others. Oftentimes the intentions of fellow users is crystal clear,especially over time.When someone is trying to deceive us online, inconsistencies, the essence that they are trying "too hard" or are just plain unbelievable, often come through loud and clear. Likewise, just like in the "real world", a host of other unacceptable tendencies can be readily recognized online. Narcissism (it's all about "meeeee"), those people who have nothing but negativity or unpleasant things to say about others, and those who feel compelled to undermine others and who think they must blow out the other guys' candles in order for their own to shine can be spotted a cybermile away.(2) The Web can bring out the best in people: Gregarious, frank folks in "real life" usually carry these same traits over to their online life. Most are just as fun-loving online if not more so, as they are at a party, at work, or at the local bar. Though admittedly, some are not quite as much fun to be around without a stiff drink.Shy folks have a "safer" environment online than in the "real world" and can learn to express themselves more freely on the Net (you've never seen anyone stutter on e-mail, have you)allowing them to gain confidence and communication skills that can eventually spill over into other aspects of their lives. Helpful people in "real life" are often just as willing to come to someone's assistance online as anywhere else.(3) People are judged differently on the Web: On the Internet people are judged by their personality, beliefs and online actions, NOT by their physical appearance. This is good. It not only gives ugly folks an aid, but causes Beautiful People to have to say something worth listening to in order to get attention.(4) People open up more: Many people are opening up a whole lot more these days since they are not required to use their real name and provide their real identity in the Internet.(5) We're connected: Members of the Digital Culture know full well that there is a wealth of important information and life-changing opportunities out there in cyberspace. The Web has opened doors for many of us that otherwise would never have been an option. Research possibilities and networking are just two such opportunities.(6) We Learn the Power of Words and to be Better Listeners: With no facial expressions, body language, or physical appearance to distract us, members of the Digital Culture have learned the power of words ... both their own, and others'. We know very well how a simple string of words can harm, hurt and offend, or how they can offer humor, help, support and encouragement. Most experienced members of the online culture have learned to become wordsmiths, carefully crafting the words they use to convey exactly what they mean so as not to be misunderstood.Many of us have also learned to become far better listeners thanks to the Internet. Not only do we choose our words more carefully but we (especially those who communicate via email as opposed to chat rooms) are forced to wait until the other person finishes before we canspeak or respond.Unit3. Big Myths About Copyright"If it doesn't have a copyright notice, it's not copyrighted." This was true in the past, but today almost all major nations follow the Berne copyright convention. For example, in the USA, almost everything created privately and originally after April 1, 1989 is copyrighted and protected whether it has a notice or not. The default you should assume for other people's works is that they are copyrighted and may not be copied unless you know otherwise. There are some old works that lost protection without notice, but frankly you should not risk it unless you know for sure.2) "If I don't charge for it, it's not a violation." False. Whether you charge can affect the damages awarded in court, but that's the main difference under the law. It's still a violation if you give it away - and there can still be serious damages if you hurt the commercial value of the property. There is an exception for personal copying of music, which is not a violation, though courts seem to have said that doesn't include wide-scale anonymous personal copying as Napster. If the work has no commercial value, the violation is mostly technical and is unlikely to result in legal action.3) "If it's posted to Usenet it's in the public domain." False. Nothing modern is in the public domain anymore unless the owner explicitly puts it in the public domain. Explicitly, as you have a note from the author/owner saying, "I grant this to the public domain."4) "My posting was just fair use!" The "fair use" exemption to .) copyright law was created to allow things such as commentary, parody, news reporting, research and education about copyrighted works without the permission of the author. That's important so that copyright law doesn't block your freedom to express your own works. Intent and damage to the commercial value of the work are important considerations. Are you reproducing an article from the New York Times because you couldn't find time to write your own story, ordidn't want your readers to have to pay for the New York Times web siteThey aren't "fair use". Fair use is usually a short excerpt.5) "If you don't defend your copyright you lose it." - "Somebody has that name copyrighted!" False. Copyright is effectively never lost these days, unless explicitly given away. You also can't "copyright a name" or anything short like that, such as almost all titles. You may be thinking of trademarks, which apply to names, and can be weakened or lost if not defended. Like an "Apple" computer. Apple Computer"owns" that word applied to computers, even though it is also an ordinary word. Apple Records owns it when applied to music. Neither owns the word on its own, only in context, and owning a mark doesn't mean complete control.6)"If I make up my own stories, but base them on another work, my new work belongs to me." False. . Copyright law is quite explicit that the making of what are called "derivative works" - works based on or derived from another copyrighted work - is the exclusive province of the owner of the original work. This is true even though the making of these new works is a highly creative process. If you write a story using settings or characters from somebody else's work, you need that author's permission.7)"They can't get me, defendants in court have powerful rights!" Copyright law is mostly civil law. If you violate copyright you would not be charged with a crime, but usually get sued.8) "Oh, so copyright violation isn't a crime or anything" Actually, recently in the USA commercial copyrightviolation involving more than 10 copies and value over $2500 was made a felony. So watch out. On the other hand, this is a fairly new, untested statute. In one case an operator of a pirate BBS that didn't charge was acquitted because he didn't charge, but congress amended the law to cover that.9) "It doesn't hurt anybody - in fact it's free advertising." It's up to the owners to decide if they want the free ads or not. If they want them, they will be sure to contact you. Don't rationalize whether it hurts the owners or not, ask them. Usually that's not too hard to do. Even if you can't think of how the author or owner gets hurt, think about the fact that piracy on the net hurts everybody who wants a chance to use this wonderful new technology to do more than read other people's flamewars.10) "They e-mailed me a copy, so I can post it." To have a copy is not to have the copyright. All the E-mail you write is copyrighted. However, E-mail is not unless previously agreed. So you can certainly report on what E-mail you are sent, and reveal what it says. You can even quote parts of it to demonstrate. Frankly, somebody who sues over an ordinary message would almost surely get no damages, because the message has no commercial value, but if you want to stay strictly in the law, you should ask first. On the other hand, don't go nuts if somebody posts E-mail you sent them. If it was an ordinary non-secret personal letter of minimal commercial value with no copyright notice (like % of all E-mail), you probably won't get any damages if you sue them.Unit4The study of literature is not only civilized and civilizing —encompassing, as it does, philosophy, religion, the history of events and the history of ideas — but popular and practical. One-sixth ofall those who receive bachelor’s degrees from the Colle ge of Artsand Sciences are English majors. These graduates qualify for a surprising range of jobs. Their experience puts the lie to thepopular superstition that English majors must choose between journalism and teaching: in fact, English majors also receiveexcellent preparation for future careers in law, medicine, business, and government service.Undergraduates looking forward to law school or medical school are often advised to follow a strict regimen of courses considereddirectly relevant to their career choices. Future law-school students are advised to take courses in political science, history, accounting, business administration — even human anatomy, and marriage andfamily life. Future medical school students are steered into multiple science courses — actually far more science courses than they need for entrance into medical school. Surprisingly, many law schools and medical schools indicate that such specialized preparation is not only unnecessary, but undesirable. There are no "pre-law" courses: the best preparation for law school — and for the practice of law —is that preparation which makes a student capable of critical thinking; of clear, logical self-expression; of sensitive analysis of the motives, the actions, and the thoughts of other human beings. These are skills which the study of English is designed to teach. Entrance into law school, moreover, generally requires a bachelor’s degree from an accredited institution, a minimum grade point average, and an acceptable score on the Law School Admission Test This test has three parts. The first evaluates skills in reading comprehension, in figure classification, and in the evaluation of written material. The second part of the test evaluates control of English grammar and usage, ability to organize written materials, and competence to edit. The third part evaluates the student’s general knowledge of literature, art, music, and the natural and social sciences. Clearly an undergraduate major in English is strong preparation for theAs for medical schools, the main requirement for admission is only thirty-two hours of science courses. This requirement is certainly no impediment to a major in English. Moreover many medical schools require a minimum score on the Medical College Admissions Test, another test which offers an advantage to the well-rounded liberal arts student. The evaluates four areas of competence: skill with synonyms, antonyms, and word association; knowledge of basic mathematics from fractions through solid geometry; general knowledge of literature, philosophy, psychology, music, art, and the social sciences; and familiarity with those fundamentals of biology, chemistry, and physics taught in high school and in introductory college courses. The English major with a solid, basic grounding in science is well prepared for this test and for medical school, where his or her skills in reading, analysis, interpretation, and precise communication will equip him or her to excel. The study and practice of medicine can only benefit from the insights into human behavior provided by the study of literature.Such insights are obviously also valuable to the student who plans a career in commerce. Such students should consider the advantages of an English major with an emphasis in business: this program is designed to provide a liberal education, as well as to direct preparation for a business career. The need for such a program is clear: graduates with merely technical qualifications are finding jobs in business, but often failing to hold them. Both the WallStreet Journal and the Journal of College Placement have reportedthat increasing numbers of graduates from reputable business schools find themselves drifting from one job or firm to another, unable to hold a position for longer than twelve months. Employers complainthat these apparently promising young men and women are simply not competent communicators: because they are not sufficiently literate, they cannot absorb managerial training; they cannot make effectiveoral presentations; they cannot report progress or problems in their writing; they cannot direct other workers. Skill in analysis and communication is the essence of management.Consequently the English major with an emphasis in business is particularly well prepared for a future in business administration. Nearly four hundred companies in fields ranging from banking and insurance to communications to manufacturing were asked whether they hired college graduates with degrees in English, even when those graduates lacked special training in the industry: Eighty-fivepercent of the companies said that they did. College graduates with degrees in English are working successfully in marketing, in systems engineering, in personnel management, in sales, in programming, in project design, and in labor relations.English majors are also at work in the thousand occupations provided by government at all levels. Consider, for example, the federal government—by a very wide margin, America’s biggest employer. In organizations ranging from the Marine Corps to the Bureau of Mines, from the Commerce Department to the National Park Service, thefederal government employs a work force of nearly three million men and women. English majors may qualify for many of these jobs. Recently, 51 federal agencies were asked the same question: whether they hired college graduates with English degrees but without special job training, 88 percent of these federal employers said yes. Thelist of federal positions for which English majors may qualify ranges from Claims Examiner to Foreign Service Officer to Highway Safety Management Specialist. Again, those who seek positions of high reward and responsibility may be asked to take a test — the federal government uses the Professional and Administrative Career Examination, or to evaluate applicants for about 10,000 jobs each year — and again, the test focuses on language skills: comprehension, analysis, interpretation, the ability to see logical relationships between ideas, and the ability to solve problems expressed in words. Not surprisingly, competent English majors often receive very high scores on theIn short, a major in English is neither restricting nor impractical: the study of English is excellent preparation for professional life.Unit5. The Moral AdvantageHow to Succeed in Business by Doing the Right ThingAs for the moral advantage in business, of all places, everyone knows a modicum of ethics is called for in any business - you can't cheat your customers forever and get away with it. But wouldn't it be more advantageous if you actually could get away with itProfits would soar out of sight! Then you would really have an advantage, or so the thinking might go.The notion of seeking the moral advantage is a new way of thinking about ethics and virtue in business, an approach that does not accept the need for trade-offs between ambition and conscience. Far from obstructing the drive for success, a sense of moral purpose can help individuals and companies achieve at the highest - and mostprofitable - levels.Cynicism dominates our attitudes about what it takes to succeed in business. A common way of thinking about morality in business goes something like this:Ethical conduct is an unpleasant medicine that society forces down business people's throats to protect the public interest from business avarice.Morality gets in the way of the cold, hard actions truly ambitious Skepticism people must take to reach their goals.Moneymaking is inevitably tainted by greed, deceit, and exploitation.The quest for profits stands in opposition to everything that is moral, fair, decent, and charitable.Skepticism about moneymaking goes back a long way. The Bible warns that it's harder for a rich man to enter the kingdom of heaven than for a camel to pass through the eye of a needle. "Behind every great fortune," wrote French novelist Honoré de Balzac in the 1800s, "liesa great crime." British author G. K. Chesterton sounded the same theme in the early 20th century, noting that a businessman "is the only man who is forever apologizing for his occupation."The contemporary media often characterize business as nothing more than a self-serving exercise in greed, carried out in as corrupt and ruthless a manner as possible. In television and movies, moneymakingin business is tainted by avarice, exploitation, or downrightvillainy. The unflattering portrayals have become even more pointed over time. In 1969, the businessman in Philip Roth's Goodbye, Columbus advises the story's protagonist, "To get by in business,you've got to be a bit of a thief." He seems like a benignly wise, figure compared with Wall Street's 1980s icon, Gordon Gekko, whose immortal words were "Greed is good."Yet some important observers of business see things differently. Widely read gurus such as Stephen Covey and Tom Peters point to the practical utility of moral virtues such as compassion, responsibility, fairness, and honesty. They suggest that virtue is an essential ingredient in the recipe for success, and that moral standards arenot merely commendable choices but necessary components of a thriving business career. This is a frequent theme in commencement addresses and other personal testimonials: Virtuous behavior advances a careerin the long run by building trust and reputation, whereas ethical shortcomings eventually derail careers. The humorist Dorothy Parker captured this idea in one of her signature quips: "Time wounds all heels.So who's right --- those who believe that morality and business are mutually exclusive, or those who believe they reinforce one another Do nice guys finish last, or are those who advocate doing well by doing good the real winnersIs the business world a den of thievery or a haven for upstanding citizens?With colleagues Howard Gardner at Harvard University and Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi at Claremont Graduate University, I've examined this question by interviewing 40 top business leaders, such as McDonald's CEO Jack Greenberg and the late Washington Post publisher Katharine Graham, between 1998 and 2000 as part of our joint "Project on Good Work." We found that a strong sense of moral purpose not only promotes a business career but also provides a telling advantage in the quest to build a thriving enterprise. In fact, a sense of moral purpose stands at the center of all successful business innovations. Far from being a constraining force that merely keeps people honest and out of trouble, morality creates a fertile source of business motivation, inspiration, and innovation.This is different from the view of morality you'll encounter in a typical business-ethics course. It's so different that I now speak about moralities, in the plural, when discussing the role of virtue and ethics in business. Morality in business has three distinct faces, each playing its own special role in ensuring business success.Unit6. Is It Healthy to Be a Football SupporterWhy Fans Know the ScoreDie-hard football fans hit the heights when their team wins and reaches the depths of despair when they lose. Scientific studies showthe love affair with a team may be as emotionally intense as the real thing, and that team clashes have gladiatorial power.What's going on Why do fervent fans have hormonal surges and other psychological changes while watching gamesWhy does fans' self-esteem soar with victory and plummet in defeat, sometimes affecting their lives long afterwardsWhy do people feel so drawn to form such deep ties to teams Is avidly rooting for a team good or bad for your health You may find the answers surprising.THE FAN'S PERSONALITYPsychologists often portray die-hard fans as lonely misfits searching for self-esteem by identifying with a team,2 but a study suggests the opposite. It reveals that football fans suffer fewer bouts of depression and alienation than people who never watch Match Of The Day. Hard-core fans also demonstrate a fierce and unbreakable bond.It's possible to trace the roots of fan psychology to a primitive time when warriors fighting to protect their tribes were the true representatives of their race. In modern times, so the theory goes, professional sportsmen are warriors of a city or country fighting a stylized war waged on a football pitch.IT'S WAR OUT THERESome confrontations on the pitch are gladiatorial. In this respect, our sports heroes are our gladiators. A football match, especially between rival teams, isn't some light-hearted display of athletic prowess. The self is emotionally involved in the outcome because whoever you're rooting for represents YOU. So professionalfootballers seem to recreate the intense emotions in some fans that tribal warfare aroused in their forebears. It could even be that these emotions have fueled the explosion in the popularity of sports over the past 20 years.STATUS BY PROXYSo, through football matches, it becomes possible to gain respect from your rivals, albeit vicariously . This means you can be highly regarded not for your own achievement, but through your connection to a team that wins. Or, if you like, by your connection to individual footballers for their skill, such as midfielder David Beckham, winger Ryan Giggs, and striker Thierry Henry.The connection, however, can be fickle. Bragging sports fans tend to claim credit for their team's success, saying "we won" to describe a victory, but distance themselves from a team's failure, saying "they lost" describing a defeat.LOYAL TO THE ENDA raft of studies has found that "highly-identified" fans - both men and women - are unlikely to abandon a team when it's doing badly.。

Unit3 passage A 课后答案Content AwarenessRead and think2 Answer the following questions with the information you got from the passage．1 By checking out the large array of clubs and societies．2 By browsing through a brand-new edition of the comprehensive guide to all things at Oxford or the Oxford Directory issued in Freshers’Week．3 NO．Some totally immerse themselves in a club。

others prefer to take a more eclectic approach while still others completely ignore University societies and just hang out with mates in college．4 Those with more ambition than others，to promote their careers．5 Yes，but not so many as to be a distraction or just to build a resume．Read and complete3 Complete the following statements with the information you got from the passage．1 C2 A3 B4 B5 DLanguage FocusRead and complete4 Fill in the blanks with the words given below．Change the form where necessary．1 tends2 culture3 applied4 bored5 secure6 highly7 negative8 behavior9 avoid 1 0 ignored5 Complete the following sentences with phrases or expressions from the passage-Change theform where necessary．1 hang out2 checkout3 giving out4 threw herself into5 immersed myself in6 Complete each of the following sentences with the proper form of the word in the brackets-1 ambitious2 United3 dramatist4 volunteer5 flourishingRead and translate7 Translate the following sentences into English．1 Something is wrong with the piano，but I can’t put my finger on what it is．2 Apart from being too large，the trousers don’t match my jacket，either．3 I love pop music，for whatever reasons．4 He has great interest in foreign cultures，often browsing through piles of books to look for any useful information．5 Opinions on whether we should start a new society vary a great deal．Read and simulate1 Whether you want to go on a picnic or go shopping tomorrow，the first thing you should do is finish your reading assignments this evening．2 You may prefer to search for information via the Internet，being a member of the GOODBOOK club or something and reading online whichever of the books seems interesting．3 Schoolwork on weekdays iS often tiring and it is necessary for US to relax on weekends．4 When newcomers start their campus life which is supposed to be romantic, disappointment is almost inevitable．5 With all these facilities，there is really something for everyone to enjoy．Unit3 passageA 课文翻译俱乐部和社团聚会、喝酒、吃饭——哦，还有工作——都让时光流逝，但你内心深处确有一些很想追寻的东西，却无法实现。

Unit3 passage A课后答案Content AwarenessRead and think2 Answer the following questions with the information you got from the passage．1By checking out the large array of clubs and societies ．2By browsing through a brand-new edition of the comprehensive guide to all things at Oxford or the OxfordDirectory issued in Freshers’ Week．3NO ． Some totally immerse themselves in a club 。

others prefer to take a more eclectic approach while still others completely ignore University societies and just hang out with mates in college．4Those with more ambition than others ， to promote their careers ．5Yes，but not so many as to be a distraction or just to build a resume ．Read and complete3Complete the following statements with the information you got from the passage．1 C2 A3 B4 B5 DLanguage FocusRead and complete4Fill in the blanks with the words given below． Change the form where necessary．1 tends2 culture3 applied4 bored5 secure6 highly7 negative8 behavior9 avoid 1 0 ignored5Complete the following sentences with phrases or expressions from the passage-Change theform where necessary．1 hang out2 checkout3 giving out4 threw herself into5 immersed myself in6Complete each of the following sentences with the proper form of the word in the brackets-1 ambitious2 United3 dramatist4 volunteer5 flourishingRead and translate7Translate the following sentences into English．1Something is wrong with the piano， but I can’ t put my finger on what it is．2Apart from being too large ，the trousers don’ t match my jacket ， either．3I love pop music ， for whatever reasons．4He has great interest in foreign cultures， often browsing through piles of books to look for any useful information ．5Opinions on whether we should start a new society vary a great deal ．Read and simulate1Whether you want to go on a picnic or go shopping tomorrow ， the first thing you should do is finish your reading assignments this evening ．2You may prefer to search for information via the Internet ，being a member of the GOODBOOK club or something and reading online whichever of the books seems interesting ．3Schoolwork on weekdays iS often tiring and it is necessary for US to relax on weekends ．4When newcomers start their campus life which is supposed to be romantic, disappointment is almost inevitable ．5With all these facilities ， there is really something for everyone to enjoy． Unit3 passageA 课文翻译俱乐部和社团聚会、喝酒、吃饭——哦，还有工作——都让时光流逝，但你内心深处确有一些很想追寻的东西，却无法实现。

Two kinds of judgment1 There are two different ways people judge you. Sometimes judging you correctly is the end goal. But there's a second much more common type of judgment where it isn't. We tend to regard all judgments of us as the first type. We'd probably be happier if we realized which are and which aren't.2 The first type of judgment, the type where judging you is the end goal, includes court cases, grades in classes, and most competitions. Such judgments can of course be mistaken, but because the goal is to judge you correctly, there's usually some kind of appeals process. If you feel you've been misjudged, you can protest that you've been treated unfairly.3 Nearly all the judgments made on children are of this type, so we get into the habit early in life of thinking that all judgments are.4 But in fact there is a second much larger class of judgments where judging you is only a means to something else. These include college admissions, hiring and investment decisions, and of course the judgments made in dating. This kind of judgment is not really about you.5 Put yourself in the position of someone selecting players for a national team. Suppose for the sake of simplicity that this is a game with no positions, and that you have to select 20 players. There will be a few stars who clearly should make the team, and many players who clearly shouldn't. The only place your judgment makes a difference is in the borderline cases. Suppose you screw up and underestimate the 20th best player, causing him not to make the team, and his place to be taken by the 21st best. You've still picked a good team. If the players have the usual distribution of ability, the 21st best player will be only slightly worse than the 20th best. Probably the difference between them will be less than the measurement error.6 The 20th best player may feel he has been misjudged. But your goal here wasn't to provide a service estimating people's ability. It was to pick a team, and if the difference between the 20th and 21st best players is less than the measurement error, you've still done that optimally.7 It's a false analogy even to use the word unfair to describe this kind of misjudgment. It's not aimed at producing a correct estimate of any given individual, but at selecting a reasonably optimal set.8 One thing that leads us astray here is that the selector seems to be ina position of power. That makes him seem like a judge. If you regard someone judging you as a customer instead of a judge, the expectation of fairness goes away. The author of a good novel wouldn't complain that readers were unfair for preferring a potboiler with a racy cover. Stupid, perhaps, but not unfair.9 Our early training and our self-centeredness combine to make us believe that every judgment of us is about us. In fact most aren't. This is a rare case where being less self-centered will make people more confident. Once you realize how little most people judging you care about judging you accurately—once you realize that because of the normal distribution of most applicant pools, it matters least to judge accurately in precisely the cases where judgment has the most effect—you won't take rejection so personally.10 And curiously enough, taking rejection less personally may help you to get rejected less often. If you think someone judging you will work hard to judge you correctly, you can afford to be passive. But the more you realize that most judgments are greatly influenced by random, extraneous factors—that most people judging you are more like a fickle novel buyer than a wise and perceptive magistrate—the more you realize you can do things to influence the outcome.11 One good place to apply this principle is in college applications. Most high school students applying to college do it with the usual child's mix of inferiority and self-centeredness: inferiority in that they assume that admissions committees must be all-seeing; self-centeredness in that they assume admissions committees care enough about them to dig down into their application and figure out whether they're good or not. These combine to make applicants passive in applying and hurt when they're rejected. If college applicants realized how quick and impersonal most selection processes are, they'd make more effort to sell themselves, and take the outcome less personally.两种判断判断一个人有两种不同的方式，有时判断的最终目的是正确地判断一个人，不过另外一种则不是如此，并且这种判断要常见得多。

Unit1 新开始艾芙琳赫洛尔德当我的父母把车开走，留下我一个人不知所措地站在停车场时，我第一次开始琢磨我会在大学校园内做些什么，而此时我除了想安全到达寝室外别无所求。

事实上，尽管我把自己想象得尽可能成熟，我还是感到一种大一新生的稚气。

我确切地感到，校园里所有人都在注视着我，这更是加剧了我的紧张。

我打算竖起耳朵，闭上嘴巴，希望没有人会注意到我是个新生。

就这么想着，我抬起头，耸正了肩，以一副前所未有的小心翼翼的样子浏览着紧握在手中的地图，朝着寝室的方向走去。

当我第一眼瞥见一个活生生的校足球队员时，我再也不能自制了。

那样的自信！那样的沉稳！那样的肌肉！我只希望他注意到的是我表现出的自信的样子，而不是我颤抖的膝盖！我花了一个下午的时间到我上课的每间教室踩点，这样一来在每节课开始前我就能准点到课，而不用问别人“教室在哪”这种愚蠢的问题了。

第二天早上我找到了第一堂课的教室，然后信步而入。

进去以后，另一个问题却又等着我呢。

坐哪里好呢？新生手册上建议我们坐得靠近前边，好把自己的机敏和活跃展现给教授看。

一番思虑后，我选择了第一排靠边的位置坐下了。

这样一来，我既坐在前面（像建议的那样），又不在教授的视线范围内。

我打开那本美国文学选，接着潦草地在卷边的横线本顶端写下了日期。

教授这时开口了，“欢迎来到101教室的生物课堂！”一阵冷汗从我后脖颈沁出。

我摸出我的日程表，核对了一下教室号。

嗯，房间号码没错。

就是楼号错了。

所以现在该怎么办呢？在课上到一半时起身离去？教授不会生气吗？我知道大家都会盯着我看的。

还是算了。

我在椅子上坐定，试着摆出一副生物专业学生所特有的很“科学家”的姿势，身姿稍微前倾，绷紧手臂以便疯狂地写一通笔记，但内心却咒骂不休。

沿墙摆放的玻璃瓶内的蛇标本已经暗示过我，这不是文学教室！下课后，我很确定我的胃（和我的脑子）都需要补充一点营养，于是我急忙去了餐厅。

我正一边往餐盘里放着三明治小点心，一边朝沙拉档口走去，这时我不小心踩上了一滩番茄酱。

unit 1 Mr. Doherty Builds His Dream LifeMr. Doherty Builds His Dream LifeJim Doherty1.There are two things I have always wanted to do -- write and live on a farm. Today I'm doing both. I am not in E. B. White's class as a writer or in my neighbors' league as a farmer, but I'm getting by. And after years of frustration with city and suburban living, my wife Sandy and I have finally found contentment here in the country多尔蒂先生创建自己的理想生活吉姆·多尔蒂有两件事是我一直想做的――写作与务农。

如今我同时做着这两件事。

作为作家，我和E·B·怀特不属同一等级，作为农场主，我和乡邻也不是同一类人，不过我应付得还行。

在城市以及郊区历经多年的怅惘失望之后，我和妻子桑迪终于在这里的乡村寻觅到心灵的满足。

2 .It's a self-reliant sort of life. We grow nearly all of our fruits and vegetables. Our hens keep us in eggs, with several dozen left over to sell each week. Our bees provide us with honey, and we cut enough wood to just about make it through the heating season.这是一种自力更生的生活。

Unit 11.年轻人有时会抱怨无法和父母沟通。

(communicate with)Answer: Young people sometimes complain of being unable to communicate with their parents. 2. 能在中国云南的一个苗家村落住下来一直是玛丽长久以来的梦想，现在她终于梦想成真了。

(to take up residence)Answer: It has been Mary’s long cherished dream to take up residence in a Miao village in Yunnan, China. Now her dream has finally come true.3. 家养的动物习惯于依赖人，因此很难能在野外活下来。

(survive)Answer: Domestic animals are used to depending on humans, so it is difficult for them to survive in the wild.4. 他突然有种恐惧感，觉得自己会因为经济不景气而被公司裁员。

(overtake)Answer: He was suddenly overtaken by a fear that he would be laid off by the company because of depression.5. 我估计公交路线上堵车了，因为我都等了30分钟也没见一辆车开过去。

(figure)Answer: I figure that there is a traffic jam on the route of the bus, for I’ve waited for 30 minutes without seeing one passing by.1.尽管存在贸易摩擦，美国离不开中国，反之亦然。