苏教版-牛津高中英语语法复习习题大全(模块1-4)
语法复习一：定语从句
语法经典练习：
1.He paid the boy $ 10 for washing ten windows ,most of_______ hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year.
A. these
B. those
C. that
D. which
2.Alice received an invitation from her boss, ______ came as a surprise.
A. it
B. that
C. which
D. he
3.She heard a terrible noise , _______ brought her heart into her mouth.
A. it
B. which
C. this
D. that
4.In the dark street, there wasn't a single person _____ she could turn for help.
A. that
B. who
C. from whom
D. to whom
5.Tom’s mother kept telling him that he should work hard , but ______ didn’t help.
A. he
B. which
C. she
D. it
6. The weather turned out to be very good, ______ was more than we could expect.
A. what
B. which
C. that
D. it
7. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town he grew up as a child.
A. which
B. where
C. that
D. when
8. Carol said the work would be done by October, ______ personally I doubt very much.
A. it
B. that
C. when
D. which
9.The result of the experiment was very good, ______ we hadn’t expected.
A. when
B. that
C. which
D. what
10.It was an exciting moment for these football fans this year, ______ for the first time in years their team won the World Cup.
A. that
B.while
C. which
D.when
11. These houses are sold at such a low price _______ people expected.
A. like
B. as
C. that
D. which
12. Recently I bought an ancient vase, ___ was very reasonable.
A. which price
B. the price of which
C. its price
D. the price of those
A．who B．which C．this D．what
14. John said he’d been working in the office for an hour, _______ was true.
A．he B．this C．which D．who
15. The film brought the hours back to me _____ I was taken good care of in that far-away village.
A. until
B. that
C. when
D. where
16.The famous basketball star, _______ tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention.
A. where
B. when
C. which
D. Who
17. Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, ______ I will always treasure.
A that
B one
C it
D what
18. We will be shown around the city: schools, museums and some other places, _____ other visitors seldom go.
A what
B which
C where
D when
19.Alec asked the policeman _____he worked to contact him whenever there was an accident.
A with him
B who
C with whom
D whom
20.We are living in an age ______ many things are done on computers.
A. which
B. that
C. whose
D. when
21.______ has been announced , we shall have our final exams next month.
A. That
B. As
C. It
D. What
22.York, ______ last year, is a nice old city.
A. that I visited
B. which I visited
C. where I visited
D.in chich I visited
23.Luckly, we’d brought a road map without ______ we would have lost our way.
A. it
B. that
C. this
D. which
24.A fast food restaurant is the place ______ , just as the name suggests, eating is performed quickly.
A. which
B. where
C. there
D. what
25.Geoge Orwell, ______ was Eric Arthur, write many political novels and essays .
A. the real name
B. what his real name C his real name D. whose real name.
26. _____ is reported in the newspapers , talks between the two countries are making progress.
A. It B .As C. That D. what
27. American women usually identify their best friend as someone ______ they can talk frequently.
A. who
B. as
C. about which
D. with whom.
A. for which B . at which C. in which D. on which
29. There were dirty marks on her trousers ______ she had wiped her hands.
A. where
B. which
C. when
D. that
30. The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months，______ the sailing time was 226 days.
A. of which.
B. during which
C. from which D for which
31. There was _____ time ______ I hated to go to school.
A. a, that
B. a, when
C. the, that
D. the, when
32. there are two buildings, ______ stands nearly a hundred feet high.
A. the larger
B. the larger of them
C. the larger one that
D. the larger of which
33. ______ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.
A. Which
B. When
C. What
D. As
34. The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% ______ are sold abroad.
A. of which
B. which of
C. of them
D. of that
35.Anyway, that evening, ______ I’ll tell you more about later, I ended up staying at the Rache’s place.
A. when
B. where
C. what
D. which
36.. Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the other, ______, of course, made the others envy him.
A. who
B. that
C. what
D. which
37.It is easy to do the repair. ______ you need is a hammer and some nails.
A. Something
B. All
C. Both
D. Everything
38.. I work in a business ______ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.
A. how
B. which
C. where
D. that
https://www.doczj.com/doc/fd17237147.html,st month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from ____ effects the people are still suffering. （
A. that
B. whose
C. those
D. what
40.If a shop has chairs ____ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop.
A. that
B. which
C. when
D. where
41.Frank’s dream was to have his own shop ____ to produc e the workings of his own hands.
A. that
B. in which
C. by which
D. how
42.Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to 2003, ___________ he studied very hard and was made chairman of the Students’ Union.
43. Her sister has become a lawyer, she wanted to be.
A．who B．that C．what D．which
44. The place _______ the bridge is supposed to be built should be________the cross-river traffic is the heaviest
A. which; where
B. at which; which
C. at which; where
D. which; in which
45. I walked in our garden, _______ Tom and Jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees.
A．which B．when C．where D．that
46.I have many friends , some are businessmen .
A．of them B．from which C．who of D．of whom
47. —Is that the small town you often refer to?
—Right, just the one you know I used to work for years.
A．that B．which C．where D．what
48. He was educated at a local grammar school, _____ he went on to Cambridge.
A. from which
B. after that
C. after which
D. from this
49. Have you seen the film "Titanic", __________ leading actor is world famous?
A．its B．it's C．whose D．which
50.The doctor advised Vera strongly that she should take a holiday, but _______ didn’t help.
A．it B．she C．which D．he
语法复习二：动词时态
语法经典练习：
1.The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she ______ .
A. will arrive
B. arrives
C. is going to arrive
D. is arriving
2.When I was at college I ______ three foreign languages, but I ______ all except a few words of each.
A. spoke; had forgotten
B. spoke; have forgotten
C. had spoken; had forgotten
D. had spoken; have forgotten
3.The police found that the house ______ and a lot of things______ .
A. has broken into; has been stolen
B. had broken into; had been stolen
C. has been broken into; stolen
D. had been broken into; stolen
4.—Come on in, Peter. I want to show you something.
—Oh, how nice of you! I ______ you ______ to bring me a gift.
A. never think; are going
B. never thought; were going
C. didn’t think; were going
D. hadn’t thought; were
going
5.The volleyball match will be put off if it______ .
A. will rain
B. rains
C. rained
D. is raining
6.Mary______ a dress when she cut her finger.
A. made
B. is making
C. was making
D. makes
7. She's upstairs______ letters.
A. writes
B. is writing
C. write
D. writing
8. —Have you moved into the new house?
—Not yet. The rooms______ .
A. are being painting
B. are painting
C. are painted
D. are being painted
9.The students ______ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ______ in the office.
A. had written ; left
B.were writing ;has left
C.had written ;had left
D.were writing ;had left
10.Whe and where to build the new factory ______ yet.
A.is not decided
B. are not decided
C.has not decided
D. .have not decided
11. When Jack arrived he learned Mary _____ for almost an hour.
A. had gone
B. had set off
C. had left
D. had been away
12.---Do you know our town at all?
---No, this is the first time I _______ here.
A. was
B. have been
C. came
D. am coming
13---We could have walked to the station; it was so near.
---Yes. A taxi______at all necessary.
A. wasn't
B. hadn't been
C. wouldn't be
D. won't be
14. If city noises _______ from increasing, people______ shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now.
A. are not kept; will have to
B. are not kept; have to
C. do not keep; will have to
D. do not keep; have to
15.Tom_________ into the house when no one ________ .
A. slipped; was looking
B. had slipped; looked
C. slipped; had looked
D. was slipping; looked
16. In come parts of the world, tea ___with milk and sugar.
A. is serving
B. is served
C. serves
D. served
17—How long ______each other before they ___married?
—For about a year.
A. have they known; get
B. did they know; were going to get
C. do they know; are going to get
D. had they known; got
18. My dictionary______ . I have looked for it everywhere but still ___it.
A. has lost; don't find
B. is missing; don't find
C. has lost; haven't found
D. is missing; haven't found
19. Tom ought not ____to me your secret, but he meant no harm.
A. have told
B. tell
C. be telling
D. having told
20.We were all surprised when he made it clear that he ___office soon.
A. leaves
B. would leave
C. left
D. had left
21. —Can I join your club, Dad?
—You can when you ______ a bit older.
A. get
B. will get
C. are getting
D. will have got
—Oh, not at all. I ______ here only a few minutes.
A. have been
B. had been
C. was
D. will be
23. I don't really work here; I ______ until the new secretary arrives.
A. just help out
B. have just helped out
C. am just helping out
D. will just help out
24. I need one more stamp before my collection ______.
A. has completed
B. completes
C. has been completed
D. is completed
25. As she the newspaper, Granny asleep.
A. read; was falling
B. was reading; fell
C. was reading; was falling
D. read; fell
26. You don't need to describe her. I her several times.
A. had met
B. have met
C. met
D. meet
27.—Oh, it's you! I _____ you.
—I've just had my hair cut, and I'm wearing new glasses.
A. didn't recognize
B. hadn't recognized
C. haven't recognized
D. don't recognize
28. I first met Lisa three years ago. She_____ at a radio shop at the time.
A. has worked
B. was working
C. had been working
D. had worked
29.--- Is this raincoat yours?
---No, mine there behind the door.
A. is hanging
B. has hung
C. hangs
D. hung
30. - Alice, why didn't you come yesterday?
- I , but I had an unexpected visitor.
A. had
B. would
C. was going to
D. did
31. Shirley_____a book about China last year but I don't know whether she has finished it.
A. has written
B. wrote
C. had written
D. was writing
32. --Hi, Tracy, you look tired.
--I am tired. I _____the living room all day.
A. painted
B. had painted
C. have been painting
D. have painted
33. －－Hey, look where you are going?
－－Oh, I'm terribly sorry.＿＿＿＿＿．
A. I'm not noticing
B.I wasn't noticing
C. I haven't noticing
D.I don't noticing
A. returned
B. returns
C. was returning
D. had returned
35. All the preparations for the task ______,and we're ready to start.
A. completed
B. complete
C. had been completed
D. have been completed
36. The manager entered the office and was happy to learn that four-fifths of the tickets _______ .
A. was booked
B. had been booked
C. were booked
D. have been booked
37. Every possible means _______ to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear.
A. is used
B. are used
C. has been used
D. have been used
38. My uncle ___ until he was forty-five.
A. married
B. didn't married
C. was not marrying
D. would marry
39. Tony was very unhappy for ___ to the party.
A. having not been invited
B. not having invited C having not invited D. not having been invited
40. --- How are you today?
--- Oh , I ______ as ill as I do now for a very long time.
A．didn't fell B．wasn't feeling C．don't fell D．haven't felt
41. The reporter said that the UFO ________east to west when be saw it.
A．was travelling B．travelled C．had been traveling D．was to travel.
42. The new suspension bridge __________ by the end of last month.
A．has been designed B．had been designed C．was designed D．would be designed 43. I’ve won a holiday for two to Florida. I _______ my mum.
A．am taking B．have taken C．take D．will have taken
44. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _____ so rapidly.
A. is changing
B. has changed
C. will have changed
D. will change
45. Visitors ______ not to touch the exhibits.
A. will request
B. request
C. are requesting
D. are requested
46. He is the only one of the students who a winner of scholarship for three years.
A. is
B. are
C. have been
D. has been
47. Rainforests______ and burned at near future.
A. cut
B. are cut
C. are being cut
D. had been cut
48. It ______ long before we ______ the result of the experiment.
49. John and I________ friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party.
But we_______ each other a couple of times before that.
A. had been; have seen B have been; have seen C. had been; had seen D have been; had seen
50. This is Ted’s photo. We miss him a lot. He_____ trying to save a child in the earthquake.
A. killed
B. is killed
C. was killed
D. was killing
语法复习三：名词性从句
语法经典练习：
1.The fact ____ she works hard is well known to us all.
A. that
B. what
C. why
D. which
2.The fact ____ he was successful proves his ability.
A. that
B. what
C. which
D. why
3.The news ____ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly.
A. what
B. that
C. why
D. when
4.His suggestion ____ the meeting be delayed was turned down.
A. which
B. that
C./
D. it
5.I have no idea ____ he will start.
A. when
B. that
C. what
D./
6.I've come from the government with a message ____ the meeting won't be held tomorrow.
A. if
B. that
C. whether
D. which
7.The thought ____ he might fail in the exam worried him.
A. when
B. which
C. what
D. that
8.The order ____ the prisoner be set free arrived too late.
A. which
B. whether
C. that
D. what
9.The nurses are trying their best to reduce the patient's fear ____ he would die of the disease.
A. that
B. as
C. of which
D. which
10.He often asked me the question ____ the work was worth doing.
A. whether
B. where
C. that
D. when
11. Along with the letter was his promise ____ he would visit me this coming Christmas.
A. which
B. that
C. what
D. whether
12. The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at ____ I thought was a dangerous speed.
A. as
B. which
C. what
D. that
13. Luckily, we’d brought a road map without ____ we would have lost our way.
A. it
B. that
C. this
D. which
14.There are signs ____ restaurants are becoming more popular with families.
A. that
B. which
C. in which
D. whose
15. We can see the same signs ____ stand out throughout the city.
A. that
B. which
C. in which
D. whose
语法复习四：主谓一致
语法经典练习：
1.I, who____ your friend, will try my best to help you with your English.
A.am
B.is
C.are
D.be
2. The rich ____ not always happy.
A.are
B.is
C.has
D.have
3. Neither Tom nor Jack and I ____ his students.
A.are
B.am
C.is
D.was
4. Mary as well as her sisters ____ Chinese in China.
A. are studying
B. have studied
C. studies
D. study
5. Neither my father nor I ____ at home.
A.am
B.is
C.are
D.be
6. Not only my brother but also I ____ good at painting. Both of us ____ good painters.,
A.are;are
B.am;am
C.ani;are
D.is;is
7. Every' boy and every girl ____ to attend the evening party.
A.wish
B.wishes
C.is like
D.like
8. Over 80 percent of the population of China ____ peasants.
A.was
B.is
C. would be
D.are
9. The population of China ____ larger than that of .any other country in the world.
A.is
B.are
C.has
D.have
10. Every means ____ tried but without any result.
A. have been
B.is to be
C.are to be
D. has been
11. Alice, together with two boys,____ for having broken the rule.
A. was punished
B. punished
C. were punished
D. being punished
12. The League secretary and the monitor____ asked to attend the .meeting this afternoon.
A.is
B.was
C.are
D.is being
13. The great writer and professor____.
A. is an old man
B. are both old men
C. is an old man and a young man
D. were two Chinese
14. There ____ a pen, two pencils and three books on the desk.
A.are
B.is
C.has
D.have
15. A large number of students in our class____ girls.
A. are
B. was
C. is
D. be
16. The number of deer, mountain lions and wild roses ____ much if people leave things as they are.
A. doesn' t change
B.don't change
C.change
D.changed
17. The Arabian Nights ____ well known to the English.
A. is
B. are
C. was
D. were
A. has been
B.have been
C.was
D.is
19. A chemical works____ built there.
A. is to being
B.have been
C. were to
D.has been
20. The Olympic Games ____ held every ____ years.
A.is;four
B.are;four
C.is;five
D.are;five
21 .The United States of America one of the most developed countries in the world.
A.is
B.are
C.was
D.were
22.He is the only one of die students who ____ elected.
A. are
B.have
C.has
D.is
23.Theis is one of the most interesting questions that ____ asked.
A.have
B.has
C. have been
D.has been
24.Many a man ____ come to help us.
A.have
B.has
C.is
D.are
25."All____ present and all____ going on well," our monitor said.
A.is;is
B.are;are
C.are;is
D.is;are
26. The police ____ the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre.
A. is searching for
B. were searching for
C. are searching for
D. were searching
27.Your trousers____ dirty.You must have____ washed.
A.is;il
B.are;it
C.are;them
D.is;them
28.This pair of trouseis ____ too long for him.
A.is
B.be
C.are
D.were
29. One and a half bananas ____ left on the table.
A.is
B.are
C.has
D.have
30. Eight times eight ____ sixty - four.
A.is
B.are
C.get
D.equal
Keys:
语法复习五：情态动词
语法经典练习：
1. He ______ you more help, even though he was very busy.
A. might have given
B. might give
C. may have given
D. may give
2. Jenny______ have kept her word. I wonder why she changed her mind.
A. must
B. should
C. need
D. would
3. . -Could I borrow your dictionary?
-Yes, of course you_________
A. might
B. will
C. can
D. should
4. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I ______ for her.
A. had to write it out
B. must have written it out
C. should have written it out
D. ought to write it out
5. —Shall I tell John about it?
—No, you ______ . I've told him already.
A. needn't
B. wouldn't
C. mustn't
D. shouldn't
6. ─There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well.
─It______ a comfortable journey.
A. can't be
B. shouldn't be
7. It's nearly seven o'clock. Jack______ be here at any moment.
A. must
B. need
C. should
D. can
8. .When he was there, he______ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work
every day.
A. would
B. should
C. had better
D. might
9. .Sir, you _____ be sitting in this waiting room. It is for women and children only.
A. oughtn't to
B. can't
C. won't
D. needn't
10. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ______ get out.
A. had to
B. would
C. could
D. was able to
11. --When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.
--They _____be ready by 12:00.
A. can
B. should
C. might
D. need
12. .--I stayed at a hotel while in New York.
--Oh, did you? You_ ____with Barbara.
A. could have stayed
B. could stay
C. would stay
D. must have stayed
13. －Will you stay for lunch?
－Sorry,＿＿＿＿＿,My brother is coming to see me.
A. I mustn't
B.I can't
C. I needn't
D.I won't
14. Sorry I'm late. I ______ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.
A. might
B. should
C. can
D. will
15. I should have been there, but I _______ not find the time.
A. would
B. could
C. might
D. should
16. My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he ___ your lecture.
A. couldn't have attended
B. needn't have attended
C. mustn't have attended
D. shouldn't have attended
17. --- Are you coming to Jeff's party?
--- I'm not sure. I ________go to the concert instead.
A．must B．would C．should D．might
18. Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How _________ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony?
A．can B．should C．may D．must
A．had scored B．scored C．would score D．would have scored
20. —Write to me when you get home.
—_________
A．I must B．I should C．I will D．I can
21. I was really anxious about you. You _____ home without a word.
A. mustn't leave
B. Shouldn't have left
C. Couldn't have left
D. needn't leave
22. Oh, I’m not feeling well in the stomach, I______ so much fried chicken just now.
A. shouldn’t cut
B. mustn’t have eaten
C. shouldn’t have eaten
D. mustn’t eat
23. --I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter.
--It _____ be true because there was little snow there.
A may not be
B won’t be
C couldn’t be
D mustn’t be
24. It has been announced that candidates_____ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.
A can
B will
C may
D shall
25. A left-luggage office is a place where bags ______ be lefe for a short time, especially in a railway station.
A. should
B. can
C. must
D. will
26. --- I don't mind telling you what I know.
--- You . I'm not asking you for it.
A.mustn't
B. may not
C. can't
D. needn’t
27. I often see lights in that empty house. Do you think I _____ report it to the police?
A. should
B. may
C. will
D. can
28. Mr.White _____ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn’t’ show up.
A. should have arrived
B. should arrive
C. should have had arrived
D. should be arriving
29. You ______ be tired - you've only been working for an hour.
A. must not
B. won' t
C. can' t
D. may not
30. — Who is the girl standing over there ?
—Well , if you know , her name is Mabel.
A. may
B. can
C. must
D. shall
语法复习六：被动语态语法经典练习：
1._____ a new library _____ in our school last year?
A.Is; built
B.Was; bulit
C.Does; build
D.Did; build
2.An accident ____ on this road last week.
A.has been happened
B.was happened
C.is happened
D.happened
3.Cotton ____ in the southeast of China.
A.is grown
B.are grown
C.grows
D.grow
4.So far,the moon ____ by man already.
A.is visited
B.will be visited
C.has been visited
D.was visited
5.A talk on Chinese history _____ in th school hall next week.
A.is given
B.has been given
C.will be given
D.gives
6.A lot of things ____ by people to save the little girl now.
A.are doing
B.are being done
C.has been done
D.will be done
7.The doctor _____ for yet.
A.isn't sent
B.hasn't been sent
C.won't be sent
D.wasn't sent
8.--When ___ this kind of computers______? --Last year.
9.Who _____ this book _____?
A.did; written
B.was; written by
C.did; written
D.was;written
10.Mary ____ show me her new dictionary.
A.has asked to
B.was asked to
C.is asked
D.asks to
11.A story _____ by Granny yesterday.
A.was told us
B.was told to us
C.is told us
D.told us
12.The monkey was seen _____ off the tree.
A.jump
B.jumps
C.jumped
D.to jump
13.Older people ____ well.
A.looks after
B.must be looked after
C.must look after
D.looked after
14.Our teacher ______ carefully.
A.should be listened to
B.should be listen
C.be listened
D.is listened
15. In some part of the world, tea _______ with milk and sugar.
A. is serving
B. is served
C. serves
D. served
16. It was reported that the murderer _______ arrested.
A. has been
B. had been
C. has
D. had
17. Do you think that the bridge ______ in a year?
A. would be completed
B. will be completed
C. had been completed
D. is being completed
18. Gr eat changes _______ in China since the People’s Republic of China _______ in 1949.
A. have taken place; was founded
B. has taken place; was founded
C. have been taken place; founded
D. took place; founded
19.—Why does Ling Ling look so unhappy? —She has _______ by her classmates.
A. laughed
B. laughed at
C. been laughed
D. been laughed at
20. Doctors _______ in every part of the world.
A. need
B. are needing
C. are needed
D. will need
21. I promise that matter will _______.
A. be taken care
B. be taken care of
C. take care
D. take care of
22. No permission has ________ for anybody to enter the building.
A. been given
B. given
C. to give
D. be given
A. gave
B. was given
C. was giving
D. had given
24. Can such a thing _____ happening again?
A. prevent from
B. prevented from
C. be prevented from
D. to prevent from
25. A new house ________ at the corner of the road.
A. is building
B. is being built
C. been built
D. be building
26. This bike ________ last year.
A. bought
B. has been bought
C. was bought
D. had been bought
27. Did you see the house that _______ by fire last year?
A. was destroying
B. destroyed
C. would destroy
D. was destroyed
28. It _______ whether she will get her work in the hospital.
A. hasn’t been decided
B. isn’t deciding
C. doesn’t decide
D. hasn’t decided
29. The pen _______ me. It is hers.
A. isn’t belong to
B. wasn’t belong to
C. doesn’t belong to
D. didn’t belong t o
30. I can’t use my bike because it _______.
A. is repairing
B. is being repaired
C. will repair
D. was repairing
31. The chairman told the speaker that she ______ to speak a little louder so as to make herself _____.
A. was expected; heard
B. had expected; hear . had hoped; hear D. was hoped; heard
32．— The window is dirty.
—I know. It _____ for weeks. （2004全国03）
A. hasn’t cleaned
B. didn’t clean
C. wasn’t cleaned
D. hasn’t been cleaned
33. By the end of last year, another new gymnasium _______ in Beijing. (2003上海春季, 27)
A.would be completed
B.was being completed
C.has been completed
D.had been completed
34.—How long _______ at this job?
—Since 1990. (NMET 2003北京春季, 27)
A.were you employed
B. have you been employed
C.had you been employed
D.will you be employed
35.—What happened to the priceless works of art?
—_______. (NMET 2003北京春季, 34)
A.They were destroyed in the earthquake
B.The earthquake was destroying them
C.They destroyed in the earthquake
D.The earthquake destroyed them
36. This is Ted’s photo.We miss him a lot.He _______ trying to save a child in the earthquake.
37. Rainforests and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future. (2002 上海
春季, 30)
A.cut
B.are cut
C.are being cut
D.had been cut
38. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _______ so rapidly.
A.is changing
B.has changed .will have changed D.will change (NMET 2001, 24)
39. Hundreds of jobs _______ if the factory closes. (NMET 2001北京春季, 12)
A.lose
B.will be lost
C.are lost
D.will lose
40. A new cinema _______ here.They hope to finish it next month.
A.will be built
B.is built
C.has been built
D.is being built (NMET 2001北京春季, 17)
高中英语语法讲义——名词 名词的数 单数名词变复数名词的常用法则 （1）一般情况直接加-s, 如：books, trees. （2）以-s, -x, -ch, -sh结尾的加-es, 如：glasses, boxes, watches, brushes. （3）以辅音字母加-y结尾的名词把-y改为-i再加-es. 如：stories, countries. （4）以-o结尾的常在词尾加-s，但中学英语中下列名词要加-es, 它们是：黑人英雄 ．．中吃土豆 ．．、西． ．．．．在回声 红柿 ．．，即Negroes, heroes, echoes, potatoes, tomatoes. 下列以-o结尾的名词既可加-es, 也可加-s,它们是：zeros (zeroes)零, mosquitos (mosquitoes)蚊子, volcanos (volcanoes) 火山。 （5）以-f或-fe结尾的名词变为复数时一般直接加-s，但下列名词需把f或fe去掉，加-ves，它们是：为 了自己 ．．和一片树叶 ．．上，把狼．劈成了两半．，即：selves, lives, ．．．．站在架子 ．．手里拿着刀子 ．．和他的妻子 ．．活命．，小偷 thieves, wives, knives, loaves, leaves, shelves, wolves, halves. 但下列以-f结尾的名词既可变f为v后加-es，也可直接在f后加-s，它们是：handkerchiefs (handkerchieves)手帕，scarfs (scarves)围巾。 （6）合成名词变复数时，通常只将里面所含的主体名词变为复数，如果没有主体名词，则将最后一部分变为复数。如sons-in-law女婿；passers-by过路人；storytellers讲故事的人；housewives家庭主妇。（7）“man/ woman+ n.”变复数时，作定语的man/ woman和中心词都要变复数。 men teachers男老师women engineers女工程师 （8）不规则复数形式 ①变内部元音 foot-feet man-men woman-women tooth-teeth mouse-mice goose-geese gentleman-gentlemen ②单复数同形的名词 sheep deer spacecraft太空船 aircraft飞行器Chinese Japanese
高中英语语法练习题-高考精粹（含答案） 1. Ms Nancy didn't mind at all ______ to the ceremony. A. being not invited B. not being invited C. not inviting D. not to be invited 2. "_____ your meeting is!" he offered them his sincere congratulations. A. How a great success B. What a great success C. How great success D. What great success 3. We must remember that _____fashion is not the most important thing in _______ life. A. /; the B. /; / C. the; / D. the; the 4. It _____ quite a few years _____ the accused was declared innocent and set free. A. was; since B. is; that C. will be; when D. was; before 5. The professor said he could talk on _____ interested the audience. A. any topic B. which topic C. whichever topic D. the topic he thought it 6. Under no circumstance _____ to tell lies to parents. A. children are allowed B. are children allowed C. children will allow D. will children allow 7. Modern science and technology has _____ communication between people far apart. A. made convenient B. made it convenient C. made it convenient for D. made it convenient to 8. I heard that you really had a wonderful time at John's birthday party, _____? A. didn't I B. didn't you C. hadn't you D. will you 9. The great use of school education is not so much to teach you things _____ to teach you the art of learning. A. as B. that C. than D. but 10. No matter how frequently _____ the works of Beethoven always attract a large number of people. A. performing B. performed C. to be performed D. being performed 11. _____ their real economic situations, they got some relief fund from the government. A. Considering B. Considered C. Having been considered D. Being considered 12. Tina _____ have known the truth, or she would have told us. A. mustn't B. shouldn't C. can't D. needn't 13. There are some police cars in front. What do you suppose _____? A. is the matter B. is happened C. is the wrong D. the trouble is 14. _____ of water makes Death Valley a desert, but it is by no means devoid. A. Lacking B. Being lack C. Because of lack D. Lack
（1）表语从句 1．定义：用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。 2．构成：关联词+简单句 3．引导表语从句的关联词的种类： (1) 从属连词that。如： The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。 (2) 从属连词whether, as, as if。如： He looked just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起来还与十年前一样。 The question is whether they will be able to help us. 问题是他们是否能帮我们。 注：从属连词if一般不用来引导表语从句，但as if却可引导表语从句，如： All this was over twenty years ago, but it's as if it was only yesterday. gh能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be, seem, look等。如： It looked as if it was going to rain. 看起来天要下雨了。 连接副词 where, when, how, why。 如：The problem is who we can get to replace her. 问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。 The question is how he did it. 问题是他是如何做此事的。 That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic. 那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。 解释： 1．连词because可引导表语从句。如： I think it is because you are doing too much. 我想这是因为你做得太多。 2．在一些表示“建议、劝说、命令”的名词后面的表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气。should+动词原形表示，should可省略。如： My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow. 我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。（2）主语从句 1．定义：用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。 2．构成：关联词+简单句 3．引导主语从句的关联词有三类： (1) 从属连词that。如：That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them. 很明显，她们确是亲姐妹，她们的脸型很相似。 (2) 从属连词whether。如： Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear. 他是否会来这里还不清楚。 (3) 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 连接副词 where, when, how, why。如： What she did is not yet known. 她干了什么尚不清楚。 How this happened is not clear to anyone. 这事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。 Whoever comes is welcome. 不论谁来都欢迎。 Wherever you are is my home ---- my only home. 你所在的任何地方就是我的家----我唯一的家。 解释： 1．主语从句能用it作形式上的主语。常以it作形式主语的句型有： A. It+be+形容词(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)+that从句。如： It is certain that she will do well in her exam. 毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。 It is probable that he told her everything. 很可能他把一切都告诉她了。 B. It+be+名词词组(no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)+that
2021届高中英语新高考语法基础版一轮复习讲义（9） 被动语态知识点整理总结 被动语态是中高考经常考的语法之一，也是日常口语和写作中必不可少的句子形式，今天笔者就带大家一起来学习它。 01 被动语态的概念 所谓被动语态是相当于主动语态而言的。如果主语是动作的执行者，那么我们就称其为主动语态，反之，如果主语是动作的承受者或动作的对象，那我们就称其为被动语态。如： 主: Many people speak Chinese. 被: Chinese is spoken by many people. 02 被动语态的结构 被动语态由"be＋及物动词的过去分词"构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来。下面通过speak来说明常见时态的被动语态：一般现在时 am/is/are＋spoken 一般过去时 was/were＋spoken
一般将来时 will/shall be＋spoken 现在进行时 am/is/are being＋spoken 过去进行时 was/were being＋spoken 现在完成时 have/has been＋spoken 过去完成时 had been + spoken 03 被动语态的执行者 被动语态的执行者一般以by+人/物来引出。如果没有执行者或没必要说出执行者，则可以省略这部分。如： Some computers were stolen last night. 无法确定执行者，因此无by结构。 The glass was broken by Mike.
执行者是Mike，所以这里用by引出。 04 含有情态动词的被动语态 用“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”结构。 如： We can repair this watch in two days. This watch can be repaired in two days. 05 特殊情况主动变被动 make/let+sb+do变为被动要还原to。如： He made the boy work for two hours a day. The boy was made to work for two hours a day. 双宾语结构的物做被动语态主语时，后面要还原出介词。如：Jack gave Peter a present just now. A present was given to Peter just now. 巩固练习 1. The flowers were so lovely that they ______ in no time. A. sold B. had been sold
高中英语语法权威解析 目录: 第０１章名词性从句 第0２章“Iｔ”用法及其句型与固定搭配讲解 第03章高中英语语法中得省略现象 第04章主谓一致 第05章动词不定式 第06章倒装结构 第07章定语从句 第０8章被动语态 第09章祈使句 第10章感叹句 第１1章疑问句 第12章名词 第一章名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用得句子叫名词性从句(Ｎｏun Cｌaｕsｅs)。名词性从句得功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同得语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句与同位语从句、一. 主语从句 主语从句就是在复合句中充当主语得从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it 代替,而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It 作形式主语与ｉt引导强调句得比较 It 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要就是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句得连接词没有变化、而i ｔ引导得强调句则就是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调得就是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/ｗｈｏｍ、例如: ａ) It isａpitｙｔhaｔyoｕｄidn’t go ｔo seｅｔhｅｆilm.您不去瞧那场电影真可惜。 b) It doeｓn’tｉntereｓt me whethｅrｙou sｕｃceed or not、我对您成功与否不感兴趣、 c) Ｉｔisｉn thｅｍoｒnｉng thaｔｔｈe ｍurder took place. 谋杀案就是在早上发生得、(强调句型) d) Ｉt is Joｈn tｈat broke ｔｈeｗｉｎdow。就是Joｈn打碎得窗户。(强调句型) 2、用ｉt 作形式主语得结构 (1)It is + 名词＋从句 It is ａfaｃt tｈat…事实就是… Ｉt ｉs an honor ｔhat …非常荣幸 It ｉｓｃommon knowlｅdge ｔhat …就是常识 (2)Ｉt is + 形容词+从句 It is naturａl thａt…很自然… It ｉｓstrａｎｇe that…奇怪得就是…(3) It ｉｓ＋不及物动词+ 从句 Ｉｔｓｅems thａｔ…似乎… Ｉt ｈappeneｄthat…碰巧… Iｔappeaｒs that…似乎…
语法总结全集 名词和主谓一致 一、名词的分类 英语中名词主要可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。 1．可数名词 可数名词一般都有单复数。单数时，名词前可加不定冠词a/an；复数时，前面可加数词，名词本身要改成复数形式。 可数名词的复数有规则和不规则两种变化。规则的名词，只要在单数名词之后加“s”，“es”或去“y”加“ies”就行，如：an umbrella, twelve umbrellas；a factory, three factories。不规则的名词变化则要靠积累记忆，如：a mouse, ten mice；a policeman, six policemen。 有少数可数名词，如sheep，works（工厂），Chinese等，它们的单复数同形：a sheep, four sheep；a chemical works, five chemical works。 此外，还有一些可数名词只有复数形式，如clothes，trousers，cattle，police，people(人，人民)等。 英语名词中还有一些合成词，它们的复数形式有三种可能：1）后面的部分变成复数形式：grown-ups，boy students，grandchildren。2）前面的部分变成复数形式：passers-by，lookers-on，sons-in-law。3）前、后都变成复数形式：men doctors，women drivers。 2．不可数名词 不可数名词没有单复数的变化，前面也不能加a/an，或数词。但是我们可以用量词来表示不可数名词的数量，单复数表现在量词上，如：a piece of paper；two pieces of paper。 在有些情况下，不可数名词也可用a/an，表“一种”、“某种”的意思，如have a wonderful time，receive a good education，be made into a fine paper。 有时为了表示量大，不可数名词的后面也可加“s”，如sands，ashes，waters等。 但是我们在学习不可数名词的时候，特别要记住英语中有一些名词，它们无论在什么情况下，前面都不能用a/an，后面也不可加“s”，如weather，information，等。 3．有的名词既可是可数名词，也可是不可数名词 英语中有相当一部分的名词，既可以是可数，也可以是不可数，它们的意义有时略有不同，有时则完全不同。如：difficulty, success, time, work，paper，glass，等。 4．用于表示可数与不可数名词的数量“多”“少”的常用词和词组 跟可数名词连用的如：few, a few, many。 跟不可数名词连用的如：little, a little, much。 可数与不可数都能用的是：a lot of , plenty of。 二、主谓一致 1．通常被看作单数的主语部分 1）不定式、动名词和主语从句。 eg.. To see is to believe. Seeing is believing. What he said was different from what he did. 2）表示“时间”“距离”“金钱数量”的名词。 eg. Twenty years is quite a long time. 10 kilometers doesn’t seem to be a long distance to Mira. 300 dollars is too much for this old coin.
一、基础练习 1、There are only twelve ______in the hospital.． A. woman doctors B.women doctors C.women doctor D.woman doctor 2、Mr Smith has two _______, both of whom are teachers in a school.． A.brothers-in-law B.brother-in-laws C.brothers-in-laws D.brothers-in law 3、——How many ______ does a cow have——Four. A.stomaches B.stomach C.stomachs D.stomachies 4、Some______visited our school last Wednesday.． A.German B.Germen C.Germans D.Germens 5、The_______ of the building are covered with lots of . A.roofs; leaves B.rooves; leafs C.roof; leaf D.roofs; leafs 6、When the farmer returned home he found three_______ missing.． A.sheeps B.sheepes C.sheep D.sheepies 7、That was a fifty_______ engine.． A.horse power B.horses power C.horse powers D.horses powers 8、My father often gives me ______ A.many advice B.much advice C.a lot of advices D.a few advice 9、Mary broke a ______while she was washing up. A.tea cup B.a cup of tea C.tea’s cup D.cup teas 10、Can you give us some ______ about the writer?． https://www.doczj.com/doc/fd17237147.html,rmations https://www.doczj.com/doc/fd17237147.html,rmation C.piece of informations D.pieces information 11、I had a cup of _____and two pieces of_____ this morning. A.teas; bread B.teas; breads C.tea; breads D.tea; bread 12、As is known to us all, ______ travels much faster than ______. A.lights; sounds B.light; sound C.sound; light D.sounds; lights 13、She told him of all her ___ and ____ A.hope; fear B.hopes; fear C.hopes; fears D.hope; fears 14、The rising _____have(has) a lot of ____to the crops. A.water; harm B.water; harms C.waters; harm D.waters; harms 15、How far away is it from here to your school?”----About ______ . A.half an hour”s driv e B.half hours drives C.half an hour drives D.half an hour drive 16、The shirt isn”t mine. It”s _____ . A.Mrs Smith B.Mrs” Smith C.Mrs Smiths’ D.Mrs Smith”s 17、Miss Johnson is a friend of _______. A.Mary’s mother B.Mary’s mothers’ C.Mary mother’s D.Mary’s mother’s 18、Last week I called at my _____Last week I called at my _____. A.aunt B.aunts C.aunt’s D.auntes’ 19、The beach is a ______throw. A.stone B.stones C.stones’ D.stone’s 20、I can hardly imagine ____sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.
高中英语语法大全之形容词和副词 形容词及其用法 形容词修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征。通常，可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类，其位置不一定都放在名词前面。 1)直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词，它有级的变化，可以用程度副词修饰，在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如：hot 热的。 2)叙述形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如：afraid 害怕的。 （错）He is an ill man. （对）The man is ill. （错）She is an afraid girl. （对）The girl is afraid. 这类词还有：well，unwell，ill，faint，afraid，alike，alive，alone，asleep，awake 等。 3）形容词作定语修饰名词时，要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为字尾的词语时，要放在这些词之后，例如： something nice 以-ly结尾的形容词 1）大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brotherly，仍为形容词。 改错：(错）She sang lovely. （错）He spoke to me very friendly. （对）Her singing was lovely. （对）He spoke to me in a very friendly way. 2）有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词，也为副词。 daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early The Times is a daily paper. The Times is published daily. 用形容词表示类别和整体 1）某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人，与谓语动词的复数连接。如：the dead，the living，the rich，the poor，the blind，the hungry The poor are losing hope. 2）有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体，与动词的复数连用。 the British，the English，the French，the Chinese. The English have wonderful sense of humor. 多个形容词修饰名词的顺序 多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为： 限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色) --出处--材料性质，类别--名词 a small round table a tall gray building
人教版高中英语必修二 知识点梳理 ）巩固练习 重点题型（ 常考知识点 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 概念引入： He is a person who never gives up.他是个永远不服输的人。 I found him in the woods,where has a well-known tree. (我是在树林里找到他的，那里有一棵很有名的树。) Our guide,(who was a Frenchman,)was an excellent cook. 我们的导游是个很优秀的厨师，他是个法国人 She was not on the train which arrived just now。 她没在刚刚到达的那辆车上 语法点拨 什么是定语从句？ 修饰主语、宾语、表语的句子就叫做定语从句。引导定语从句的关系词有： 关系代词：who,whom,whose,which,that 关系副词：when,where,why 我们把下面两个句子组合成一个复合句： 1.This is our school.It is beautiful. →This is our school which is beautiful. 2.This is our school.W e study in our school. →This is our school which we study in. →This is our school in which we study. →This is our school where we study. 3.Do you know the r oom?It is made of amber. →Do you know the room which is made of amber? 4.I have read the newspaper.It carries the important news. →I have r ead the newsp aper which carries the important news. 从上述定语从句的组合我们可以看出： 先行词和关系词的关系：关系代词实际上是先行词的复指；关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格。 1.A plane is a machine t hat can fly. the machine=that 2.The boy who brok e the window is called Wangkai. the boy=who 3.The boy whose p arents are working outside was b r oug ht up by his grandfather. the boy’s=whose 【高一英语语法（二）定语从句（二）356521限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句】
高中英语语法讲义————特殊句式 倒装句 通常句式为自然语序“主语+谓语”，有时为了强调句子的某一部分，或者出于词汇用法、语法结构或修辞上的需要，将这种比较固定的语序加以颠倒，就形成了倒装。分为完全倒装，部分倒装和形式倒装。 一.完全倒装：谓语动词完全置于主语之前，主语为名词不为代词，谓语不用进行时。 1.一些表示地点、时间或方位等的副词或介词短语。如：here, there, now, then, up, down ,in, out, away, off, in the room, on the wall等置于句首。 Down came the rain and up went the umbrella. Then followed three days of heavy rain. Out rushed the children laughing loudly. Away flew the plane. 2.such 位于句首。 Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man and the 20th century’s greatest sci entist. 注：此句型中的such多被认为是表语，所以such后的be动词应与其后真正的主语保持一致。 Such are the facts; no one can deny them. 二．部分倒装：只把谓语的一部分（助动词，情态动词或be动词）置于主语之前 1.so+ be 动词/ 助动词/ 情态动词+主语，意为“...也是如此”。 They love making lots of friends; so do I. 2.neither/nor+ be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语，意为“...也不这样”。 Lily can’t ride a bicycle; neither/nor can Lucy. 3.否定词never, seldom, nor, not, little, hardly, scarcely等或表示否定意义的介词短语at no time, under/in no circumstances, in no case, by no means, on no condition 等置于句首时。 Not a single mistake did he make. =He di dn’t make a single mistake. 4.only 修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，且放在句首时。 Only then did I begin to understand him. Only in this way can we solve the problem. Only if you work hard will you be admitted to a top university. 5.so...that...和such...that...句式中，so或such及其所修饰的部分置于句首时，主句用部分倒装。 So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood Such progress did he make that he won much respect. 三．形式倒装：在语法上称为前置。只把强调的内容提至句首，主谓并不倒装。 1.感叹句 What an interesting talk they had! =How interesting a talk they had! 2.the+比较级.....,the +比较级.....句型 The more you listen to English, the easier it becomes. 3.whatever+ n.或however+ adj./adv.引导的让步状语从句 Whatever reasons you have, you should carry out your promise. However difficult the problem may be, we must work it out this evening. 4,as / though引导让步状从，表语、状语、含情态动词的谓语提前，表语为单数名词提前不用冠词。 Young as /though he was, he was successful. Child as /though he is, he knows much.
高中英语语法练习题-高考精粹（带解析答案）1. Ms Nancy didn't mind at all ______ to the ceremony. A. being not invited B. not being invited C. not inviting D. not to be invited 2. "_____ your meeting is!" he offered them his sincere congratulations. A. How a great success B. What a great success C. How great success D. What great success 3. We must remember that _____fashion is not the most important thing in _______ life. A. /; the B. /; / C. the; / D. the; the 4. It _____ quite a few years _____ the accused was declared innocent and set free. A. was; since B. is; that C. will be; when D. was; before 5. The professor said he could talk on _____ interested the audience. A. any topic B. which topic C. whichever topic D. the topic he thought it no circumstance _____ to tell lies to parents. A. children are allowed B. are children allowed C.
Grammar —Adverbial Clause 状语从句 定义：用“引导词 +陈述语序”作状语 状语：修饰动作，把句子“壮大” He speaks English well .（方式状语） The sun rises i n the east and sets in the west .（地点状语）九种状语从句：时间、地点、原因、结果、方式、目的、条件、让步、比较Ilove you you love me (1)when —时间状语 (2)where —地点状语 (3)because —原因状语 (4)so —结果状语 (5)as —方式状语 (6)inorderthat —目的状语 (7) I will love you if you love me. —条件状语 (8) I won ’ t love you even if you love me. —让步状语 (9)more than —比较状语 意思不同，形式不同，形意相关 I read English loudlyin the open airevery morning.
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Grammar —Adverbial Clause 方式状语地点状语时间状语 用从句形式当状语，即状语从句 (一)时间状语从句引导词 till, until A until B ： A 一直延续到 B 出现或发生就停止 I sleptuntilnoon. I didn ’ t go to bed until midnight. I entered the room until 6:30. I didn ’ t enter the room until 6:30. as soon as, the minute, the moment, the instant, immediately, directly no sooner ? than, hardly ? when, scarcely ? when(结合倒装句 ) before, after, 完成 +since( 自从 )+过去时间 --what was the party like? --Wonderful. It ’ s yearsI enjoyed myself so much. A. after B. before C. when D. since
3-18岁纯英式素质教育领航者：纯英式资深外教，纯英式国际领先教材，纯英式学习环境！ 优尼全能英语：高中英语语法练习题及参 考答案 1. My son got up late this morning. He only had _______ for breakfast. A. two bread B. two slice of bread C. two slices of bread D. two slices of breads 2. _______ room is big and bright. They like it very much. A. Tom and Sam
B. Tom’s and Sam C. Tom and Sam’s D. Tom’s and Sam’s 3. —Do you know how many ___a horse has and how many _____ a bee has? —Of course I know. A. teeth; feet B. tooth; foot C. foot; teeth D. teeth; foot 4. __________ woman in a purple skirt is Betty’s mother. A. The B. A C. An D. / 5. Now telephones are very popular and they are much ______ than before.
A. cheap B. cheaper C. cheapest D. the cheaper 6. —Hi, Tom. Is your brother as active as you? —No, he’s a quiet boy. He is _________. A. less outgoing than me B. not so calm as C. more active than I D. as outgoing as I 7. English ____ in many countries, but Chinese ____ their own language.
英语语法大全 第一部分：词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is, are, have, see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。 如：I‘m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名 词、代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如： He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接 宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了 一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾 语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如： Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市) 6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。如：He works hard .(他工作努力) 7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。如：They usually keep their classroom clean.(他们通常让教室保持清洁)/ He often helps me do my lessons.(他常常帮我做功课)/ The teacher wanted me to learn French all by myself.(老师要我自学法语) ☆同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况。如：Where is your classmate Tom ?(你的同学汤姆在哪里？) 3、构词法：英语构词法主要有：合成法、派生法和转换法。 1、合成法：如：spaceship, headache, basketball, playground等等。 2、派生法： (1)派生名词：①动词+er/or②动词+ing③动词+(t)ion④形容词+ness⑤其他,如： inventor, learner, swimming, congratulation, kindness, carelessness, knowledge (2)派生形容词：①名词+y②名词+ful③动词+ing/ed④friendly⑤dangerous⑥ Chinese; Japanese⑦English⑧French⑨German⑩国名+(i)an如：snowy, sunny, hopeful, beautiful, interesting, follwing, daily(每日的),nervous, delicious (3)派生副词：①形容词+ly ②其它,如：slowly, angrily, full→fully, good→well, possible