英语四级段落翻译常用词汇：中国历史与文化
京剧Peking opera 秦腔Qin opera 功夫Kungfo 太极Tai Chi 口技ventriloquism 木偶戏puppet show 皮影戏shadowplay 折子戏opera highlights 杂技acrobatics 相声witty dialogue comedy 刺绣embroidery 苏绣Suzhou embroidery 泥人clay figure 书法calligraphy中国画traditional Chinese painting 水墨画Chinese brush painting 中国结Chinese knot中国古代四大发明the four great inventions of ancient China 火药gunpowder 印刷术printing 造纸术paper-making 指南针the compass 青铜器bronze ware 瓷器porcelain; china唐三彩tri-color glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty景泰蓝cloisonne秋千swing武术martial arts儒家思想Confucianism儒家文化Confucian culture道教Taoism墨家Mohism法家Legalism佛教Buddhism孔子Confucius孟子Mencius老子Lao Tzu庄子Chuang Tzu墨子Mo Tzu孙子Sun Tzu象形文字pictographic characters文房四宝（笔墨纸观）the Four Treasures of the Study (brush, ink stick, paper, and ink stone)《大学》The Great Learning《中庸》The Doctrine of the Mean《论语》The Analects of Confucius《孟子》The Mencius《孙子兵法》The Art of War《三国演义》Three Kingdoms 《西游爷己》Journey to the West《红楼梦》Dream of the Red Mansions《水浒传》Heroes of the Marshes 《山海经》The Classic of Mountains and Rivers《资治通鉴》History as a Mirror《春秋》The Spring and Autumn Annals《史记》Historical Records《诗经》The Book of Songs《易经》The I Ching; The Book of Changes《礼记》The Book of Rites《三字经》Three-character Scriptures八股文eight-part essay五言绝句five-character quatrain七言律诗seven-character octave旗袍cheongsam中山装Chinese tunic suit唐装Tang suit风水Fengshui; geomantic omen 阳历Solar calendar 阴历Lunar calendar 闰年leap year 十二生肖zodiac 春节the Spring Festival 元宵节the Lantern Festival 清明节the Tomb-sweeping Day 端午节the Dragon-boat Festival 中秋节the Mid-autumn Day 重阳节the Double-ninth Day 七夕节the Double-seventh Day 春联spring couplets 庙会temple fair 爆竹firecracker年画（traditional) New Year pictures 压岁钱New Year gift-money舞龙dragon dance元宵sweet sticky rice dumplings 花灯festival lantern灯谜lantern riddle舞狮lion dance踩高跷stilt walking赛龙舟dragon boat race胡同hutong山东菜Shandong cuisine 川菜Sichuan cuisine 粤菜Canton cuisine 扬州菜Yangzhou cuisine 月饼moon cake 年糕rice cake 油条deep-fried dough sticks 豆浆soybean milk 馒头steamed buns 花卷steamed twisted rolls 包子steamed stuffed buns 北京烤鸭Beijing roast duck 拉面hand-stretched noodles 馄饨wonton (dumplings in soup)豆腐tofu? bean curd 麻花fried dough twist 烧饼clay oven rolls 皮蛋100-year egg; century egg 蛋炒饭fried rice with egg 糖葫芦tomatoes on sticks 火锅hot pot长城the Great Wall of China 烽火台beacon tower秦士台皇陵the Mausoleum of Emperor Qinshihuang兵马俑Terracotta Warriors and Horses大雁塔Big Wild Goose Pagoda丝绸之路the Silk Road敦煌莫高窟Mogao Grottoes华清池Huaqing Hot Springs五台山"Wutai Mountain九华山Jiuhua Mountain蛾眉山Mount Emei泰山Mount Tai黄山Mount Huangshan; the Yellow Mountain 故宫the Imperial Palace天坛the Temple of Heaven 午门Meridian Gate大运河Grand Canal护城河the Moat 回音壁Echo Wall居庸关Juyongguan Pass九龙壁the Nine Dragon Wall黄帝陵the Mausoleum of Emperor Huangdi十三陵the Ming Tombs苏州园林Suzhou gardens西湖West Lake九寨沟Jiuzhaigou Valley日月潭Sun Moon Lake布达拉宫Potala Palace鼓楼drum tower四合院quadrangle; courtyard complex孔庙Confucius Temple乐山大佛Leshan Giant Buddha十八罗汉the Eighteen Disciples of the Buddha喇嘛Lama
英语四级段落翻译常用词汇：中国社会
多元文化论cultural pluralism 文化适应acculturation 社会保障social security 班车shuttle bus 相定迁户 a relocated unit or household 大龄青年single youth above the normal matrimonial age独生子女the only child in a family 单亲single parent 福利彩票welfare lotteries 家政服务household
management service 民工migrant laborers 名人celebrity农村剩余劳动力surplus rural labor/laborers 青春期puberty全民健身运动nationwide fitness campaign 全国人口普查nationwide census 社会保险social insurance 暂住证temporary residence permit/card 青少年犯罪juvenile delinquency 性骚扰sexual harassment 走私smuggling*性别歧视gender/sexual discrimination 年龄歧视age discrimination 工作歧视job discrimination 享乐主义hedonism 文盲illiteracy贫富分化disparity between the rich and the poor 盗版pirated/illegal copies 一国两制One Country, Two Systems 三个代表the Three Represents Theory 两会（人大、政协）Two Conferences (NPC and CPPCC)南南合作South-South Cooperation南北对话North-South Dialog人大常委会People’s Congress Standing Committee法制观念awareness of law法制国家a country with an adequate legal system 改革开放reform and opening-up公务员civil servants官僚主义作风the bureaucratic style of work 和谐并存harmonious coexistence 计划生育family planning计划生育基本国策the basic state policy of family planning4青才申文明建设the construction of spiritual civilization 居委会neighborhood committee 科教兴国national rejuvenation through science and education 可持续发展sustainable development 廉洁高效honesty and high efficiency 两岸关系cross-straits relations 两岸谈判cross-straits negotiations 领土完整territorial integrity 民族精神national spirit 普选制general election system求同存异seek common ground while shelving differences 人大代表NPC member物质文明和精神文明material and spiritual civilization小康社会 a well-off society小康水平 a well-off standard一个中国原则the one-China principle与时俱进keep pace with the times综合国力overall national strength共同愿望common desire“走出去”（战略）going global不结盟non-alignment单边主义unilateralism多边政策multilateralism多极世界multipolar world人口老龄化aging of population人口出生率birth rate 社区月服务community service道德法庭court of ethics盗用公款embezzlement成人夜校night school for adults在职进修班on-job training courses政治思想教育political and ideological education 毕业生分酉己graduate placement; assignment of graduate充电update one’s knowledge初等教育elementary education大学城college town大学社区college community高等教育higher education 高等教育“211 工程”the “211 Project”for higher education高等学府institution of higher education综合性大学comprehensive university文科院校colleges of (liberal) arts理工科大学college / university of science and engineering师范学院teachers’college; normal college高分低能high scores and low abilities 高考(university/college) entrance examination高校扩招the college expansion plan教育界education circle 教育投入input in education九年义务教育nine-year compulsory education考研take the entrance exams for postgraduate schools课外活动extracurricular activities必修课required/compulsory course 选修课elective/optional course 基础课basic courses 专业课specialized courses 课程表school schedule 教学大纲teaching program; syllabus 学习年限period of schooling 学历record of formal schooling 学分credit启发式教学heuristic teaching 人才交流talent exchange 人才战competition for talented people 商务英语证书Business English Certificate (BEC) 适龄儿重入学率enrollment rate for children of school age升学率proportion of students entering schools of a higher grade; enrollment rate
英语四级段落翻译常用词汇：中国经济
总需求aggregate demand 总供给aggregate supply 企业文化corporate/entrepreneurial culture 企业形象corporate image (Cl); enterprise image 跨国公司cross-national corporation 创业精神enterprising spirit; pioneering spirit 外资企业foreign-funded enterprise猎头公司head-hunter 假日经济holiday economy 人力资本human capital 航空和航天工业aerospace industry 飞机制造工业aircraft industry 电子工业electronic industry 汽车制造工业car industry 娱乐业entertainment industry 信息产业information industry 知识密集型产业knowledge-intensive industry 国有大中型企业large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises 轻工业light industry 博彩业lottery industry 制造业manufacturing industry 垄断行业monopoly industries 市场多元化market diversification 市场经
济market economy 市场监管market supervision 购买力purchasing power 熊市bear market 牛市bull market 城镇化urbanization 房地产real estate 首付down-payment 业主home owner 个人购房贷款individual housing loan 经济全球化economic globalization 经济特区special economic zones (SEZ)经济增长economic growth 泡沫经济bubble economy 关税tariff纳税人tax payer 宏观经济macro economy 货币投放量the size of money supply 流动性过剩excess liquidity 经济过热overheated economy 通货膨胀inflation 抑制通货膨胀curb inflation 注入流动性to inject liquidity 贴现率discount rate存款准备金率reserve requirement ratio (RRR)公开市场业务open market operation (OMO)逆回购reverse repurchase agreement; reverse repo 引导降低市场借贷成本to guide the market borrowing costs to a lower level 稳健的货币政策prudent monetary policy 微调货币政策to fine-tune monetary policy硬着陆hard landing 软着陆soft landing 二十国集团Group of Twenty (G2O)财政部长Finance Minister全年预期经济增长目标the expected growth target for the whole year 经济活力economic vitality大规模经济刺激计划a massive economic stimulus package 结构改革structural reform 硬资产hard assets 软资产soft assets 有形资产tangible assets 经济走廊economic corridor 整顿市场秩序to rectify the market order 反垄断antitrust; anti-monopoly 定价浮动price fluctuations 谋求利益最大化to maximize profit 债务审计audit of debt地方性政府债务local government debt/liability 公共财政体制改革an overhaul of the public finance system债务管理debt management 信用支持credit support
英语四级翻译中的基本句型：
1.否定句型
1) 部分否定: all/ every/ both/ always etc. + not
2) 完全否定: no/ none/ nobody/ nothing/ nowhere/ neither/ never etc. + 谓语
3) 双重否定:
S + cannot + refrain from/ help + doing;忍不住…, 控制/ 抑制不住….
S + cannot + but/ choose but/ help but + do ; 不得不, 只好….
There be no + S + but <是关系代词> + 谓语.
Eg. There is no rule but has its exceptions.
2. 判断句型:
1) 强调判断句: S + be + no/ none + other than + 表语----
不是别的…, 正是….;
Nothing but/ other than …;
It is …. that ….
2) 正反判断句: not A but B; not that… but that ….;
not … because …., but because ….
3) 比较判断句: more A than B; less B than A; A rather than B; not so much A as B
Eg. It wasn’t so much the clothes as the man himself whoimpressed us immediately.立刻给我
们以深刻印象的与其说是衣服还不如说是这人本身.
3.倍数表示句型
1) S + be/ v. + 倍数+ that of 被比较的对象;
+ n.
+ as + adj./ adv./ n. + as ..;
+ 比较级+ than …
Eg. ☆ China is twenty times the size of Japan.
☆ This year our factory has turned out three times asmany bicycles as it did 10 years ago.
☆ The floor space of the new building is twice that ofthe old one.
☆ The yield of wheat in 1996 was four times greater than that of 1966.
☆ Americans eat twice as much protein as they actually need.
4.比较句型:
☆ as …. as…; more/ less than….N o more/ less than ….;
☆Would rather / sooner do A than do B
5. 程度句型:
☆ so/ such … + that – clause;
☆ so/ such … as to do …;
☆ too …. to do …
6. 倒装让步句型: as 表示“虽然, 尽管” 时, 用倒装结构.
☆表语+ as + S + be, + 主句;
☆副词/ 动词+ as + S , + 主句
Eg.☆ Child/ Young as he is, he knows much boutthe world.
☆ Try as we might, we could not accomplish it.
7. 作形式主语的常见句型:
☆ It is adj./ vi./ n./ done that ……
Eg. It’s possible/ It turns out/ It’s a pity/ It’s said that …..
虚拟语气：
在英语四级汉译英考生应该注意以下几种虚拟语气的形式：
（一）：由“ if ”引导的虚拟句子
(1). 与现在的事实相反：[If --- + were/did---, --- + would do---]
If I were you , I would marry him.
如果我是你,就会嫁给他。
(2). 与过去的事实相反：[If --- + had done---, --- +would have done---]
If you had worked hard , you would have passed the exam.
果你用功学习,就会通过考试了。
(3). 与将来的事实可能相反：[If ---+ should do---, ---+ would do---]
If it should rain tomorrow , what would you do ?
如果明天下雨,你怎么办?
（二）用在表示要求、建议、命令等的名词从句中
从句谓语形式为：“---(should ) + do sth”(在美语中should常省去) 。
类似用法的动词有：insist (坚持) , suggest (建议) , order(命令) , propose (建议) , demand (要求) , command (命令) , advise (建议) , desire (要求请求) , request (请求) , require (需要、要求) , ask (要求) , prefer (宁愿), recommend(推荐) , arrange ( 安排) , advocate ( 拥护、提倡) ,maintain(坚决主张)等后面的宾语从句中。
（三）用在“It + be + important (,necessary , natural , essent ial , strange , absurd , amazing , annoying , desirable, surprising , vital , advisable , anxious , compulsory , crucial , imperative , eager , fitting , possible , impossible , improper , obligatory , probable , preferable , strange , urgent 等, 以及insisted , suggested , ordered , requested , arranged , recommended 等) + that ---”结构中的that 引导的主语从句中
（四）用在It is time that --- 结构中, 表示“该干某事了”, 含建议的意思, 用动词过去式。
It is time (that) we went to bed .咱们该睡觉了。注意: time 前可加about (表示“大约”) 或high(表示“强调”) 等。