41. affect vt. 影响，感动，作用，使悲伤等
A）Smoking affects health. 吸烟影响健康
Her break-up with her lover has badly affected her.她与恋人的分手严重影响到了她
Second hand smoking may affect others’ health.二手烟会影响他人健康
Poor housing and family stress can affect both physical and mental health.
住房条件差、家庭压力大会影响身心两方面的健康
B）Affected adj.受到影响的，受（疾病）侵袭的；假装的，做作的
Many people are affected by the air pollution in winter.冬天，很多人受到了天气污染的影响
People were deeply affected by the death of Jin Zhengri.金正日的死使人们感到悲伤
They were really affected by the movie.他们着实被电影感动了
Water supplies and other public utilities were badly affected.
供水以及其它公用事业受到了严重影响
C）Affection n.关爱，爱慕；感情；作用，影响；疾病
They two show affection towards each other.这两个人相互示爱
The couple show affection to each other by hugging.这对夫妇拥抱对方表达爱意
They looked into each other’s eyes with affection.他们充满爱慕地四目相望
D）Affective adj.情感的，表达情感的 affectionate adj.充满深情的，挚爱的
This mother has good affective comunication with her son.
这个母亲和她孩子有很好的情感交流
He held his son in an affectionate embrace.他充满深情的将儿子抱在怀中
Women love a man who is affectionate and warm.女人喜欢深情且温暖的男人
The couple is affectionate to each other.这对夫妇深爱着对方
E）Affectation n.假装，装作；装模作样
Give up your affectation!You make me sick.别矫情了，你真让人恶心
He made an affectation of indifference.他装作无动于衷的样子
F）Effect n.效果，影响；印象；所有物
That lighting effect makes the stage look mysterious.那种灯光效果使舞台看起来更加神秘
I like the lighting effects on the stage.我喜欢舞台上的灯光效果
What will be the effect of the alliance between IBM and Apple?
若IBM和苹果公司联手会有什么效果呢？
Businesses are feeling the indirect effects from the recession that’s going on elsewhere.
企业感受到了别处经济衰退带来的间接影响
The drug has one important limitation.Its effects only last six hours.
这种药有一个严重缺陷，它的药力只能持续6个小时
G）Effective adj.有效的，有影响的，实际的，生效的
Makeup is very effective at hiding our physical flaws.化妆对于隐藏我们外表的缺陷非常有效
It seems that the way he looses weight is quite effective.
似乎他减肥的方面确实很有效
Women are sometimes seen to be less effective as managers.女性有时被认为不善于管理
42. afford vt. 负担得起,买得起；抽得出(时间); 提供；产生；赐予 vi.买得起，负担得起
A）can/could/be able to afford sth/to do sth 负担得起...
I can’t afford a book/to buy the book我买不起一本书
Her husband is rich enough to afford the expensive handbag. 她的老公很有钱，买得起那个昂贵包包
B)Affordable adj.买得起的，负担得起的
He is thinking about whether a bicycle is affordable for him.他正在考虑是否买得起一辆自行车
I can’t buy an iPhone,I can only buy a more affordable phone.
我买不起iPhone,我只能买一个负担得起的手机
The company makes wearable,beautifully cut clothes at affordable prices.
这家公司生产经久耐穿、外形美观且价格合理的衣服
There are few affordable apatments in big cities.在大城市里没有几所公寓是便宜的
C)Affordance n.可供性
43. afraid adj. 害怕的;担心的
A）be afraid to do 因为害怕不敢做...
The gril is too afraid to sleep alone.这个女孩儿自己太害怕了以至于睡不着
To tell you the truth,I was afraid to see him.坦白说，我害怕见到他
Don’t be afraid to ask for advice about ordering the ,eal.点餐时要大胆征求意见
B）be afraid of (doing) sth. 害怕...
Be afraid of one’s （own）shadow胆小到极点
Be afraid of being found out心虚
I am afraid of your look.我害怕你这个样子
I’m afraid of you when you wear that mask.你带着那个面具的时候，我很害怕
He was a little bit afraid of his father’s reaction.他有点害怕父亲的反应
She was afraid to go out alone at night. 她害怕夜间独自外出
She was afraid of waking him up.她害怕叫他起床
44. against prep 对着；反对, 违背；靠着，迎着，衬着；以...为背景
A）stand against the wall 靠墙站着
Sitting against the tree,the boy is looking at the photo in his hand.
这个男孩靠着树，看着手中的照片
They rested their heads against the boy and fell asleep.他们把头靠在这个男孩身上睡着了
B）Against the wind顶风，逆风
Wear clothes that provide adequate protection against the wind and rain.
穿上足以防风挡雨的衣服
Our ship made head against the wind and waves.我们的船顶着风浪前进
The wall screens them against the wind.墙为他们挡风
C）Against all odds不顾一切
He will succeed against all odds.他将会克服困难获得成功
D）Against time争分夺秒，赶时间
We’ll try to get this finished by May,but it’ll a race against time.
我们力争在五月底完成任务，但得争分夺秒地干
It was a race against time to stop people dying from starvation.
为抢救那些即将饿死的人争分夺秒
E）go against nature违背自然；违背常理
It is a great joy to battle against nature.与大自然斗，其乐无穷
All these activities are against nature.所有这些活动都是违背常理的
F）Against the law违法 Concealment of evidence is against the law.隐藏证据是违法的
G）be against sth 反对...
Only one person stood actively against him.只有一个人站在那主动反对他
She is the only person to speak against him.她是唯一发言反对他的人
They are strongly against the plan.
H）The pine tree were black against the morning sky.松树在早晨天空的衬托下是黑色的
45. age n.年龄；时代；时期 v. （使）变老；（使）陈化
A）for ages 多年 at an early age早些年，小时候
B）at the age of … 在...岁时
People at any age should do sports.任何年龄段的人都应该做运动
Women over the age of 20 can get married in China.在中国，只有20岁以上的女性才可以结婚
C)of the same age=of an age 同岁
People of any age can do exercise.无论年纪多大，都可以锻炼
These are people of different ages.他们的年龄各不相同
D）After his wife’s death he aged quickly.他妻子过世后，他老得很快
E）Aged adj.年老的；...岁的；老年人特有的
We may be old and aged,but our lives are great.我们可能年纪大了些，但生活很好
Each year,one in 100 girls aged 15-19 takes an overdose.
每年，每100名15至19岁的少女中就有一位嗑药过量
The Georgian,aged 19,is not one of the game’s big hitters.
这位19岁的佐治亚州人并不是比赛中的优秀击球者之一
46. agree vi. 同意;应允
A)agree with
①同意：后面常接表示人或意见/看法的名词/代词作宾语
agree with sb / what you say/your opinion.
I totally agree with you.我完全同意你
We shake hands and agree with each other.我们握手达成一致
②表示一致;“ (食物、天气、工作等)对…适宜”：
The weather does not agree with me. 这种天气对我不适宜。
The dampness of the forest didn’t agree with him physically.他的身体不能适应森林的潮湿
A verb must agree with its subject in person and number.动词必须和它的人称和数保持一致
What he does does not agree with what he says. 他言行不一致。
③不能用于被动语态
B）agree to：后面接表示提议、计划、办法、安排的名词/代词
the plan计划/ the arrangement安排/ the suggestion建议/the proposal提议
C)agree on /upon主要指双/多方通过协商而取得一致意见或达成协议：
We agreed on the price. 我们就价格达成了一致意见。
After discussion the two sides agreed on a cease-fire.经过讨论，双方就停火问题达成协议
Both sides agreed on these terms. 双方都同意这些条件。
They failed to agree on the terms of a settlement.他们未能就和解条件达成协议
They both agree on a peaceful solution.他们就一个和平解决方案达成一致
The businessmen agreed on the new deal.他们商定了新协议
