新概念2知识点总结
第一部分、时态总结
一、一般过去时；
一、定义。
1. 表示过去的动作或状态，常和明确的过去时间状语连用，如：yesterday, last week, three days ago, in 1998,just now等，或与由when引导的从句连用。
2. 也可以表示过去某一段时间内经常或反复出现的动作。句子中常带有every day, often, usually, always, sometimes等时间状语。
例：When I worked in the company, I got up early every morning.
在那家公司上班时，我每天早晨都起得很早。
In the past few years she usually went touring during her summer holidays.
在过去的几年里，每逢暑假她总是出去旅游。
二、一般过去时态句子结构
1．Be 动词的一般过去时态
在没有实义动词的句子中使用be动词，am is 的过去式为was; are的过去式为were.
如：I was late yesterday.
We weren't late yesterday.
She wasn't a teacher three years ago.
Were you ill yesterday?
Were they once your classmates？---Yes, I was. ---No, I wasn't.
Who were your best friends in your primary school?
2. 实义动词的一般过去时态
肯定句要使用动词的过去式，否定句和疑问句要使用助动词do和does 的过去式did.
如：I went home at nine o'clock yesterday.
I didn't go home yesterday. He didn't tell me about you.
Did you go home yesterday?---Yes, I did. ---No, I didn't.
When did you finish your homework last night/the day before yesterday? 3. 助动词和情态动词过去式如下：
shall―should（将要）用于第一人称单数will―would（将要）用于所有人称
can―could（能，会）may―might（可以）must―must （必须）have to―had to（不得不）
助动词和情态动词的过去时态要使用他们的过去式，后面的动词还使用原形。
如：I had to do my homework yesterday. (昨天我不得不做作业。)
三、一般过去时态动词变化形式
一般过去时态由动词的过去式表示。大多数动词的过去式是在动词原形后加上ed构成。这类动词称为规则动词。
1）一般情况下在词尾直接加ed。如：play―played work―worked 2）以e结尾的动词只加d. 如：like--- liked love―loved
3）以辅音字母+Y结尾的动词，变Y为I，再加ed. 如：study―studied carry―carried
4）以重读闭音节结尾的动词，如果末尾只有一个辅音字母，要双写最后这个辅音字母，再加ed. 如：stop―stopped
5）不以ed 结尾的过去式，称为不规则动词,如：write（写）--wrote go-went do-did have-had see-saw take-took make-made come-came buy-bought
技巧：巧记一般过去时：
【一巧】时间状语（即标志词）巧。一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，恰巧与表示过去的一些时间状语连用。
【二巧】形式巧。它与一般现在时一样，形式多样：当主语是第一人称单数或第三人称单数时，谓语动词用was；主语是第二人称或其他人称复数时，谓语动词用were。
例如：I was in the classroom yesterday morning．昨天早上我在教室里。
He was at school last Tuesday．上周二他在学校。
They were over there a moment ago．刚才他们在那边。
【三巧】否定句结构巧。与动词be的一般现在时一样，它在动词后面加not即可变成否定句，并且was, were与not可以缩写成wasn't, weren't。即：
主语＋wasn't／weren't ＋表语＋其他。例如：
I was not (＝wasn't) here yesterday．昨天我不在这儿。
My parents were not (＝weren't) at home last Sunday．上周日我父母不在家。【四巧】疑问句式巧。把was, were提到句首，句末用问号即可变为一般疑问句。即：
Was(Were) ＋主语＋表语＋其他？这恰巧与动词be的一般现在时的疑问句式相似。
例如：Were you at home the day before yesterday﹖前天你在家吗？
Was she late this morning﹖今天早上她迟到了吗？
更巧的是疑问句的答语也相似，肯定回答用“Yes, 主语＋was／were．”；
否定回答用“No,主语＋wasn't／weren't．”。
例如：—Were Wei Hua and Han Mei here just now﹖刚才魏华和韩梅在这儿吗？
—Yes, they were．(No, they weren't．) 是的，她们在。（不，她们不在。）
练习
一、用be动词的适当形式填空
1．I ______ an English teacher now.
2．She _______ happy yesterday.
3．They _______ glad to see each other last month.
4．Helen and Nancy ________ good friends.
5．The little dog _______ two years old this year.
6．Look, there ________ lots of grapes here.
7．Today _______ the second of June. Yesterday ______ the first of June. It _____ Children's Day.
二、用动词的适当形式填空
1. I ______ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday.
2. Her father _______ (read) a newspaper last night.
3. We _________ to zoo yesterday, we _____ to the park. (go)
4. ______ you _______ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?
5. ______ he _______ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he ______.
6.Jim _______ (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday.
7. I ____________ (sweep) the floor yesterday.
8. What ______ she _______ (find) in the garden last morning? She __________ (find) a beautiful butterfly.
1. He _________ (live) in Wuxi two years ago.
2. The cat ________ (eat) a bird last night.
3. We _______ (have) a party last Halloween.
4. Nancy ________ (pick) up oranges on the farm last week.
5. I ________ (make) a model ship with Mike yesterday.
6. They ________ (play) chess in the classroom last PE lesson.
7. My mother _______ (cook) a nice food last Spring Festival.
8. The girls ________ (sing) and _______ (dance) at the party.
9. It ______ (be) Ben's birthday last Friday.
10. We all ______ (have) a good time last night.
11. He ________ (jump) high on last Sports Day.
二、现在完成时
一．句型：
Eg: I have finished my homework.
He hasn’t watered the flowers.
Have they watched the film? -----Yes, they have. ----No, they haven’t.
二．用法
1、现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果
Eg. I have spent all of my money (so far).(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.) Jim has (just/already) come. (含义：吉姆现在在这儿)
My father has gone to work.(含义是:我爸爸现在不在这儿)
2、现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作（用行
为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示）常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用.
①for+时段
②since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从……以来）
③since+时段+ago
④since+从句（过去时）
⑤It is+时段+since+从句（过去时）
E.g. Mary has been ill for three days.
I have lived here since 1998.
三、现在完成时的标志
现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响,用以下四大标志词可以表达这种含义:
* 以already, just和yet为标志
He has already got her help.他已得到她的帮助。
He has just seen the film.他刚刚看过这场电影。
He hasn't come back yet.他还没有回来。
* 以ever和never为标志
This is the best film I have ever seen.这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。He has never been to Beijing.他从没有到过北京。
* 以动作发生的次数为标志
He says he has been to the USA three times. 他说他已经去过美国三次了。
* 以so far（到目前为止）为标+before
He has got to Beijing so far.到目前为止他已到了北京。
注意：
1)现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用, 如yesterday, last week, three years ago 等; 2)不能与when连用3)现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用.
四、过去分词变法小结
1 、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规
则相同。
(1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ed ”。e.g. work---worked---worked
(2)、以“e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“d ”。e.g. live---lived---lived ,
(3)、以“辅音字母+ y ”结尾的动词，将"y" 变为"i" ，再加“ed ”。
study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried
(4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ed ”。
stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped
2 、不规则动词：
AAA型 E.g. let let let cut cut cut
AAB型 E.g. beat beat beaten
ABA型 E.g. become became become run ran run
ABB型 E.g. bring brought brought feel felt felt
ABC型 E.g. begin began begun drive drove driven
五、易混知识辨析
1、has gone (to),has been (to)的区别
Have/Has gone(to) :去了(现在不在说话现场)
Where is your father？He has gone to Shanghai.
Have/Has been (to) :去过（已不在去过的地方）
My father has been to Shanghai.
2、since和for的区别
since后接时间点，如1993，last term, yesterday, the time I got there
for后接一段时间，表示“长达多久”，如ten years, a while, two days等。
Exercise:
1、用since和for填空
1. Jim has been in Ireland ______ Monday.
2. Jill has been in Ireland ______ three days.
3. His aunt has lived in Australia ______15 days.
4. Mary is in her office. She has been there ______ 7 o'clock.
5. India has been an independent country ______1974.
6. The bus is late. They've been waiting ______ 20 minutes.
7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty ______ many years.
8. Mike has been ill ______a long time. He has been in hospital ______ October. Keys：1. since 2. for 3. for 4. since 5. since 6. for 7. for 8. since
2、单项选择
1. -Where have you _____, Kate?
-I've ______ to the bank.
A. gone, gone
B. been, been
C. gone, been
D. been, gone
2、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two years .
Ａ. is writing Ｂ.was writing Ｃ.wrote Ｄ.has written
3、—Our country ______ a lot so far .
—Yes . I hope it will be even ______ .
Ａ. has changed ; well Ｂ. changed ; good
Ｃ. has changed ; better Ｄ. changed ; better
4、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .
Ａ. was ; studying Ｂ. will ; study
Ｃ. has ; studied Ｄ. are ; studying
5、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .
Ａ. know Ｂ. had known Ｃ. have known Ｄ. knew
6、—______ you ___ your homework yet ?
—Yes . I _____ it a moment ago .
Ａ. Did ; do ; finished Ｂ. Have ; done ; finished
Ｃ. Have ; done ; have finished Ｄ. will ; do ; finish
7、His father ______ the Party since 1978 .
Ａ. joined Ｂ. has joined Ｃ. was in Ｄ. has been in
8、Miss Green isn't in the office . she_______ to the library .
Ａ.has gone Ｂ. went Ｃ.will go Ｄ. has been
3、填空。
1. I____ already ____ (see) the film. I ________ (see) it last week.
2. _____ he ____ (finish) his work today? Not yet.
3. My father ____ just ____ (come) back from work. He is tired now.
4. Where’s Li Ming ? He __________ (go) to the teacher’s office.
5. I __________ (work) here since I ______ (move) here in 1999.
6. So far I _______________(make) quite a few friends here.
7. How long ________ the Wangs ______________(stay) here ? For two weeks.
8. I ________ just ___________ (finish) my homework.
9.____ you ______ (find) your science book yet?
10. I've lost my pen. _________ you ________ (see) it anywhere?
三、一般将来时
一、用法.
“will / shall + 动词原形”构成的一般将来时，其被动形式为“will / shall + be + 过去分词”。
(1) 表示单纯的将来。如：
Her elder sister will be thirty years old next month. 下个月她姐姐就30岁了。
(2) 表示在说话时决定要去做某事。如：
We are really lost. I’ll stop to ask someone the way. 我们真的迷路了。我要停下来问问路。
(3) 用于“祈使句+连词+简单句”固定句式中。如：
Go straight on and you’ll see a church. You won’t miss it.
直走你就会看到一座教堂，你不会错过的。
二．一般将来时的句型(have/has done)
1.肯定句：
The workers will build a new school here next year.
2.否定句：
He won’t play football with you before he finishes his work.
3.疑问句：
Will you be back in ten minutes?
4.特殊疑问句：
Where will you go next week?
三、注意事项
1. 用“be going to＋动词原形”构成的一般将来时。
(1) 人作主语时表示打算，“有计划要做”。如：
My daughter is going to be a doctor when she grows up. 我女儿打算长大后当医生。
(2) 物作主语时表示目前有迹象表明将要发生某事，“有……的趋势（如天气变化）”。如：
Look at the black clouds. It’s going to rain. 看那些乌云，要下雨了。(3). 在含有条件状语从句的主从复合句中，主句一般不用be going to，而常用will（第一人称用shall）。从句用一般现在时表示一般将来时：如：
The football match will be put off if it rains tomorrow. 如果明天下雨，足球赛将被推迟举行。
(4). 在时间、条件或让步状语从句中常用一般现在时表示将来。如：
They will go home for the winter vacation as soon as they finish their exams.
他们一考完试就回家过寒假。
Exercise
()1. He _______ able to come on Friday because he fails in his exam.
A. will be not
B. will not be
C. is going to be
D. isn’t going be
()2. – When ________ again?
--When he ____________, I’ll let you know.
A. he comes ;comes
B. will he come;will come
C. he comes ;will he come
D. will he come;comes
()3. Do you think Tom ______________ his uncle if he arrives?
A. called
B. calls
C. will call
D. is calling
()4. Don’t get off the bus until it_______.
A. will stop
B. stops
C. shall stop
D. is stopped
()5. We ________ begin our lessons if you _________ ready.
A. will ; will be
B. shall ; Will get
C. will ; get
D. /; are
()6. I’ll tell her about it as soon as she ___________ back.
A. shall come
B. will come
C. comes
D. is going to come
()7.--- It’s Saturday tomorrow. I’m glad we ______ any classes.
---So am I. I’ll go fishing. Would you like to go with me?
A. haven’t had
B. won’t have
C. don’t have
D. wouldn’t have
() 8. She ________ him a lovely dog on his next birthday.
A. gives
B. gave
C. will giving
D. is going to give
() 9. If it ________ tomorrow, we’ll have a picnic.
A. isn’t rain
B. won’t rain
C. doesn’t rain
D. doesn’t fine
() 10. We ________ the homework this way next time.
A. do
B. will do
C. going to do
D. will doing
() 11. The day after tomorrow he________ a volleyball match.
A. will watching
B. watches
C. is watching
D. is going to watch
() 12. There __________ a meeting tomorrow afternoon.
A. will be going to
B. will going to be
C. is going to be
D. will go to be () 13.________ a concert next Saturday?
A. There will be
B. Will there be
C. There can be
D. There are
() 14 If they come, we ________ a meeting.
A. have
B. will have
C. had
D. would have to be
() 15. They ________ an English evening next Sunday.
A.are having
B. are going to have
C. will having
D. is going to have ( ) 16. Charlie ________ here next month.
A. isn’t working
B. doesn’t working
C. isn’t going to working
D. won’t work
( ) 17. He ________ very busy this week, he ________ free next week.
A. will be; is
B. is; is
C. will be; will be
D. is; will be
( ) 18. There ________ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening.
A. was
B. is going to have
C. will have
D. is going to be
四、将来进行时
一、将来进行时的构成
将来进行时是由"shall/will + be + 现在分词"构成的。
E.g. Don't phone me between 8:00 and 10:00. We'll be having classes then.
二、将来进行时的用法
①将来进行时的基本用法: 表示在将来某一时间正在进行的动作。常与soon, tomorrow, this evening, on Sunday, by this time, in two days, tomorrow evening 等表示将来的时间状语连用
例如：I'll be taking my holiday soon. 我不久就去度假了。
②将来进行时的特殊用法
A.表示原因、结果或猜测。
例如：Please come tomorrow afternoon, Tomorrow morning I'll be having a
meeting.
请你明天下午来吧。我明天上午有个会。(表原因)
Stop the child or he will be falling over. 抓住那个孩子，要不他会掉下去的。(表结果)
You will be making a mistake. 你会出错的。(表推测)
B. 用在问句中，表示委婉礼貌。
When shall we be meeting again?
我们什么时候再见面？
C. 表示稍后一点儿的安排。
The students are studying Unit 3 this week, and next week they'll be studying Unit 4.
这周学生们学第三单元，下周他们将学第四单元。
【注意】
在时间、条件等状语从句中，用现在进行时代替将来进行时。如：
Be careful when you are crossing the street. 过马路时要当心。
Exercise
将来进行时练习
1. What____ you_____this time tomorrow?
A will…do
B will…have done
C will…be done
D will…be doing
2. The street lights____on when night falls.
A will have gone
B will have been going
C will be going
D will be gone
3. Joe____the piano in a few minutes.
A shall be played
B will have been playing
C shall be playing
D will have played
4. I ____ my grandmother at three this afternoon.
A shall be visiting
B shall have visited
C shall be visiting
D will visit
5. “Can you attend the party tonight?”
“No,_____ the boss about something urgent.”
A I see BI shall have seen C I’ll be seeing D I can see
【将来进行时与一般将来时的比较】
两者都表示将来的行为，但在用法上有所区别：
(1) 将来进行时表示将来某一时刻或某一段时间里正在进行的动作；而一般将来时表示将来某时将要发生的动作。如：
She won’t be having a meeting in her office at 8:00 tomorrow.
明天8点她不在办公室开会。
What will you do at five tomorrow afternoon?
明天下午五点你将干什么？
(2) 将来进行时常用来表示说话人设想已经安排好的事；而一般将来时表示临时决定。如：
We will be taking our holiday at the seaside in July.
七月份我们要去海边度假。
－Did you tell Julia about the result? 你告诉朱莉娅结果了吗？
－Oh, no. I will call her now. 噢，没有。我现在就告诉她。
(3) 将来进行时不表示个人意愿。如：
They will be meeting us at the station. 他们会在车站接我们的。
(4) 将来进行时比一般将来时在语气上要委婉客气。如：
When will you finish these letters? 你什么时候会处理完这些信件？
When shall I be expecting you this evening? 今天晚上我几点等你？
五、过去完成时
一、过去完成时的概念与结构特点
概念：过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去（past-in-the-past ）”。
----|-------------------------- |-------------------------------|----------------------------> 那时以前那时现在
构成：过去完成时由“助动词had + 过去分词”构成，其中had 通用于各种人称。
E.g. They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel.
二、过去完成时的判断依据
1. 由时间状语来判定
一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：（ 1 ）by + 过去的时间点。如：
I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.
（ 2 ）by the end of + 过去的时间点。如：
We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of
last term.
（ 3 ）before + 过去的时间点。如：
They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.
2. 由“过去的过去”来判定。
过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在：
（ 1 ）宾语从句中
当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从
句。如：
She said that she had seen the film before.
（ 2 ）状语从句中
在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。如：
When I got to the station, the train had already left.
After he had finished his homework, he went to bed.
注意：before, after 引导的时间状语从句中，由于before 和after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系，若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主、从句都用一般过去时。如：
Where did you study before you came here?
After he closed the door, he left the classroom.
（3）表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppo se等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
3. 根据上、下文来判定。
I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadn't seen each other si
nce he went to Beijing.
三、过去完成时的主要用法
1. 过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或
结束，即发生在“过去的过去”。如：
When I woke up, it had stopped raining.
我醒来时，雨已经停了。（主句的动作发生在“过去的过去”）
2. 过去完成时是一个相对的时态，表示的是“过去的过去”，只有和过去某
一时间或某一动作相比较时才使用它。如：
He told me that he had written a new book. (had written 发生在told 之前)
3. 过去完成时需要与一个表示过去的时间状语连用，它不能离开过去时间而
独立存在。此时多与already ，yet ，still ，just ，before ，never 等时间副词及by ，before ，until 等引导的短语或从句连用。如：
Before she came to China, Grace had taught English in a middle scho ol for about five years.
Peter had collected more than 300 Chinese stamps by the time he was ten.
4. 过去完成时表示某一动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始，一直延续到
这一过去时间，而且动作尚未结束，仍然有继续下去的可能。如：
By the end of last year, he had worked in the factory for twenty year s. （had worked 已有了20 年，还有继续进行下去的可能）
四、易混时态辨析
1、过去完成时与现在完成时的区别
现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响，与现在有关，其结构为“助动词have (has) + 过去分词”；过去完成时则是一个相对的时态，它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调“过去的过去”，只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才用到它。试比较：
I have learned 1000 English words so far.
到目前为止我已经学会了1000 个英语单词。
I had learned 1000 English words till then.
到那时为止我已经学会了1000 个英语单词。
—I'm sorry to keep you waiting. 对不起，让你久等了。
—Oh, not at all. I have been here only a few minutes.
没什么，我只等了几分钟。（“等”的动作从过去某一时间点持续到现在）—John returned home yesterday. 约翰昨天回到家的。
—Where had he been?
他去哪儿了？（答语中使用过去完成时是指约翰在returned home 之前去了哪些地方，即“过去的过去”）
2、过去完成时与一般过去时的区别
虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，但在使用时应注意以下几点：
1）. 时间状语不同：过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”；而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。试比较：
They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday.
They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.
2）. 在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时，谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断：先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的则用一般过去时。
如：
She was very happy. Her whole family were pleased with her, too.
She had just won the first in the composition competition.
3）. 当两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用and 或but 连接时，按时间顺序，只需用一般过去时来代替过去完成时；另外，在before ，after ，a s soon as 引导的从句中，由于这些连词本身已经表示出时间的先后，因此也可以用过去时来代替过去完成时。如：
He entered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper.
I (had) called her before I left the office.
例题解析：
1. He ______ in Shanghai University for four years before he ______ Beijing.
A. studied, had gone
B. had studied, went
C. has studied, goes
D. had studied, had gone
解析："他去北京之前在上大学学习了4年"。在上海学习的动作发生在去北京之前，因此第一个空应用过去完成时。此题选B。
2. Mary said it was at least five years since he ______ a good drink.
A. enjoyed
B. was enjoying
C. had enjoyed
D. would enjoy
解析：It was + 时间段+since 引导的从句中用过去完成时。应选C。
3. Xiao Pei said she ______ Hainan for 3 months.
A. has been in
B. had been in
C. had been to
D. had gone to
解析："小培说她去了海南三个月"。have been to 和have gone to 都是短暂性的动词短语。所以适应表示状态的have been in. 应选B.
第二部分、直接引语与间接引语
直接引语：直接引用别人的原话，一般要加引号。
间接引语：用自己的话应用别人的话，不用引号。
间接引语的三要素：1）引导词 2）语序 3）时态（及人称的变化）
间接引语:四种情况
主句
----------从句(语序):主+谓+宾+...
1陈述句 (句号) ----that(可省略)
2一般疑问句 (问号) ---- if/whether(…or not)
引导词 3特殊疑问句(问号)---特殊疑问词(what/how 开头)
紧记:特殊疑问词+ to do sth.
4祈使句/请求----ask/tell sb.(not)to do sth.
时态：主句:一般现在时 从句:任何时态
主句:一般过去时 从句:过去的某种时态
主句: 真理(无论什么时态) 从句:一般现在时
图表解析
Exercise
( )1)Do you know ____________.
A what he’s looking for B)what is he looking for C) what does he look for D)his is looking for
( )2)I’m not sure __________.
A what is his name. B)what his name is.
C) his name is what D)what’s his name
( )3)I d on’t know _________.
A where does he live B)where did he live
C) where he lives D)he lives where
( )4)I didn’t know______________.
A what she said B)what did she say
C) what she spoke D)what was she speaking
( )5)I don’t know__________.
A when he will come back B)when will he come back
C)when does he come back D)when did he come back
按要求转换句子：
陈述句
1)She says,”I am a teacher.”She says
2)She said,”I am a teacher.”She said
一般疑问句
1)“Are you from Japan?”he says to me. He ( ) me
2)“Are you from Japan?”he said to me. He ( ) me
特殊疑问句
3)“When does the train arrive?” Please tell me. Please tell me
4)“When does the train arrive?” Please told me. Please told me
祈使句/请求
1)“Don’t make any noise.”Mother says to Tom.Mother ( ) Tom
2)“open the window.” Mr Li said to me. Mr Li ( ) me
3)“Would you like to show me your book?” Kate says to me.
Kate ( ) me __________________
第三部分、被动语态
一、语态概述
英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。巧记为：主动、主动、主去动。
例如：many people speak English.
谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。巧记为：被动、被动、主被动。例如：English is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak 的承受者。
例如：He opened the door.他开了门。(主动句)
The door was opened.门被开了。(被动句)
二、被动语态的构成
被动语态由“be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。不及物动词本身没有被动语态。及物动词---本身意义不完整，后必须带宾语，有些还可以带双宾。
不及物动词---本身意义完整，不需要带宾语，如带宾语必须通过介词。
人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以eat为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。
一般现在时：am／is／are＋eaten
一般过去时：was／were＋eaten
一般将来时：will be＋eaten am/is/are+going to be eaten
现在进行时：am／is／are being＋eaten
现在完成时：have／has been＋eaten
歌诀是：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面。
三、被动语态的用法
(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。
例如：some new computers were stolen last night.
一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的)
This book was published in 1981.这本书出版于1981年。
（没有必要或说出出版者）
(2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。
例如：The window was broken by mike.窗户是迈克打破的。
This book was written by Lunxun.这本书是他写的。
Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed.
每天8小时睡眠必须得到保证。
歌诀：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没有必要；
动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到。
四、主动语态变被动语态的方法
(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词)
(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。
(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如：
All the people laughed at him.
---- He was laughed at by all people.
They make the bikes in the factory.
----The bikes are made by them in the factory.
歌诀是：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。
谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。
五、含有情态动词的被动语态
含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成，
原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。
歌诀是：情态动词变动，情态加be加“过分”。例如：
we can repair this watch in two days.
--This watch can be repaired in two days.
We must finish this work soon.
--This work must be done soon.
六、主动语态变被动语态需要注意的几个问题.
（1）时态保持一致。
I have repaired my computer.
---My computer has been repaired.
（2）谓语为动词短语的被动语态不能丢掉动词短语的介词或副词。
His best friend often looks after him.
--He is often looked after by his best friend.
（3）主动语态中若有双宾语,将其中一个宾语变为被动句的主语,另一个宾语不变。动词make/buy//get用for;动词give//send/lend/take用to)
Vivian gave me a book. (双宾语，人间物直，me为间接宾语，a book 为直接宾语)
-- I was given a book by Vivian.
--A book was given to me by Vivian.（直接宾语提前时，要在间接宾语前加介词）
（4）主动语态若有复合宾语，（即句子结构为主＋及物动词＋宾＋宾补），将主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语，宾补不变。
They call him Louis.
--He is called Louis
（5）主动语态句中动词make, have, let(使sb做sth), notice. see. watch, look at, hear, listen to, feel等变成被动语态时，后面的不定式需要加上to.
Mr. Lee made him wash the dishes.
--He was made to wash the dishes.
（6）主动形式表被动.
The poem reads well.
（7）有些动词不能用于被动语态take place/happen/come true/break out/belong to等。
All your dreams will come true if you try your best.
Exercise
1)将下列主动句转换成被动句。
1. The teacher told him not to waste time on playing computer games.
?__________________________________________________________________ 2. I gave my cousin a toy at Christmas.
?__________________________________________________________________ 3. They should do it right now.
?__________________________________________________________________ 4. They named the boy Johnson.
?__________________________________________________________________ 5. The monster let the little girl clean the cave.
?__________________________________________________________________ 6. People in the town laugh at Mike for his fancy dress.
?__________________________________________________________________ 7.We can’t do it in one day.
__________________________________________________________________ 8.I saw a dog crossing the road.
__________________________________________________________________ 9.Young people must take good care of old people
___________________________________________________________________ 10.The workers are building a new railway between the two cities.
___________________________________________________________________ 2).选择正确答案
1. I promise that matter will _______.
A. be taken care
B. be taken care of
C. take care
D. take care of
2. No permission has ________ for anybody to enter the building.
A. been given
B. given
C. to give
D. be given
3. I _______ ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.
A. gave
B. was given
C. was giving
D. had given
4. Can such a thing _____ happening again?
A. prevent from
B. prevented from
C. be prevented from
D. to prevent from
5. A new house ________ at the corner of the road.
A. is building
B. is being built
C. been built
D. be building
6. This bike ________ last year.
A. bought
B. has been bought
C. was bought
D. had been bought
7. Did you see the house that _______ by fire last year?
A. was destroying
B. destroyed
C. would destroy
D. was destroyed
8. It _______ whether she will get her work in the hospital.
A. hasn’t been decided
B. isn’t deciding
C. doesn’t decide
D. hasn’t decided
9. The pen _______ me. It is hers.
A. isn’t belong to
B. wasn’t belong to
C. doesn’t belong to
D. didn’t belong to
10. I can’t use my bike because it _______.
A. is repairing
B. is being repaired
C. will repair
D. was repairing
11．- The window is dirty.
— I know. It _____ for weeks.
A. hasn’t cleaned
B. didn’t clean
C. wasn’t cleaned
D. hasn’t been cleaned
12.—How long _______ at this job? —Since 1990.
A. were you employed
B. have you been employed
C. had you been employed D .will you be employed
13. Forests ______and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future.
A. cut
B. are cut
C. are being cut
D. had been cut
14. Hundreds of jobs _______ if the factory closes.
A. lose
B. will be lost
C. are lost
D. will lose
15. A new cinema _______ here. They hope to finish it next month.
A. will be built
B. is built
C. has been built
D. is being built
第四部分、If条件句(真实&虚拟)
一、概况
引导条件状语从句最常用的连词是if，常见的if条件状语从句表示在某条件下，某事很可能发生，条件是可能存在的，主句中某种情况发生的概率也是很高的。如：
If you ask him，he will help you．如果你请他帮忙，他会帮你的。
另外，if从句还表示不可实现的条件或根本不可能存在的条件，也就是一种虚拟的条件或假设。从句多用一般过去时或过去完成时，表示对现在或过去的一种假设。如：
If I were you，I would invite him to the party．如果我是你，我会邀请他参加聚会。
二、if 条件句的常见时态搭配
1．if从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时
If he runs he’ll get there in time. 如果他用跑的，他就会及时赶到那儿。
2．if从句用一般现在时，主句用may/might/can
If the fog gets thicker the plane may/might be diverted.
如果雾在大一些，飞机可能就会改在别的机场降落。
If it stops snowing we can go out. 如果雪停了，我们就可以出去。
3．if从句用一般现在时，主句用must/should
If you want to lose weight you must/should eat less bread.
如果你想减肥，你必须少吃面包。
4．if从句用一般现在时，主句用一般现在时
If you heat ice it turns to water. (也可用will turn)如果把冰加热，它就会化成水。5．if从句用现在进行时，主句用一般将来时
If you are looking for Peter you’ll find him upstairs.
如果你是在找彼得，上楼就会找到他。
6．if从句用现在完成时，主句用一般将来时
If you have finished dinner I’ll ask the waiter for the bill.
新概念英语第二册 A private conversation adj.私人的 ①adj. 私人的 private life 私生活 private school 私立学校 It's my private letter. （如果妈妈想看你的信） It's my private house. （如果陌生人想进你的房子） ②adj. 普通的 private citizen 普通公民 I’m a private citizen. （citizen n. 公民） private soldier 大兵 《Private Ryan》（《拯救大兵瑞恩》） public adj. 公众的，公开的（private的反义词） public school 公立学校 public letter 公开信 public place 公共场所 privacy n.隐私 It’s privacy. 这是我的隐私!(不愿让别人知道的) ★conversation n.谈话 have a + talk/chat/dialogue/conversation/gossip 名词变动词conversation 一般用于正式文体中, 内容上往往不正式 subject of conversation 话题 They are having a conversation. talk 内容可正式可不正式, 也可以私人 Let’s have a talk. dialogue 对话, 可以指正式国家与国家会谈 China and Korea are having a dialogue. chat 闲聊，就是北京人说的“侃”，说的是无关紧要的事。 gossip 嚼舌头, 说长道短 ★theatre n.剧场, 戏剧 cinema n.电影院 ★seat n.座位 have a good seat/place，这里的seat指place(指地点)，而不是chair. take a seat/take your seat 坐下来, 就坐 Is the seat taken? 这个位置有人吗? 请坐的3种说法: Sit down, please. (命令性) Take your seat, please. Be seated, please. (更礼貌) 作为动词的seat与sit的区别 sit（sat，sitten）vi. 就座 He is sitting there. 他坐在那儿。
第一册重点语法知识点都包含： 时态：一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时，一般过去时，过去进行时，过去完成时，一般将来时，过去将来时。 词性：动词现在分词、动词的过去式和过去分词。形容词、副词的比较级与最高级。助动词、情态动词、半情态动词的使用。动词不定式。反身代词、不定代词。特殊疑问词。句式：简单句、并列句、复合句（定语从句、状语从句、宾语从句）。 语态：被动语态。结构：There be结构。语序：倒装。 （新概念英语一册１－１４４课的所固定搭配短语） I beg your pardon 请您在重复（说）一遍 Nice to meet you（too）（我也）很高兴见到你 Look at…看… How do you do 你好 Be careful 小心 A loaf of 一个 A bar of 一条 A bottle of 一瓶 A pound of 一磅 Half a pound of 半磅 A quarter of 四分之一 A tin of 一听 Hurry up 快点 Next door 隔壁 Black coffee 不加牛奶的咖啡 White coffee 加牛奶的咖啡 Come home from school 放学回家 Come home from work 下班回家 At the moment 此刻 What?s the time? 几点钟？ Come upstairs 上楼 Come downstairs 下楼 Hundreds of…数以百计的… On the way home 在回家的途中 This morning 今天早晨 This afternoon 今天下午 This evening 今天晚上 tonight 今天夜里
新概念第一册知识点总结（全） 名词 名词包括可数名词和不可数名词，可数名词有单复数变化。不可数名词没有。 可数名词单数变复数规则： 1)单数名词加s: students, apples, bags, trees, books, brothers. 2)以s、x、sh、ch结尾的名词加es: glasses, boxes, brushes, matches. 3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加es: cities, babies, enemies. 4)以f或fe结尾的名词，多数变f为v加es: wives, knives.但有些词只加s: roofs, proof s, chiefs. 5)以o结尾的名词，有些加es: Negroes, heroes, tomatoes, potatoes.其它加s: radios, zoos, pianos, photos. 6)不规则名词：foot→feet, goose→geese, tooth→teeth, child→children, man→men, woman→women, sheep→sheep, deer→deer, mouse→m ice. I. 人称代词:人称代词又分为主格和宾格形式.主格通常做主语。宾格通常 做动词或介词的宾语. Eg: a. I’m a nurse. b. Could you help me ? II. 物主代词又分为形容词性的物主代词和名词性的物主代词. 形容词性的物主代词:相当于形容词,后面要跟名词,指定名词的所属对象.
名词性的物主代词:相当于一个名词,必须单独使用，后面不能再跟名词. Eg: a. Your school is small, mine is big.(=my school) b. This is not your pen. Yours is on the desk.(=your pen) 时态 一、一般现在时： 概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。 时间状语： always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays… 基本结构：①be动词；②行为动词 否定形式：①am/is/are+not;②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn't，同时还原行为动词。 一般疑问句：①把be动词放于句首；②用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。 My father is a doctor. Tom isn’t at home. Are they policemen? I often get up at 7 o’clock every morning. He doesn’t like apples. Do you always read before going to bed? What do you usually do on Sundays? 一般现在时句中，如果主语是第三人称时，动词要变第三人称单数，变化规则如下：
新概念英语第一册语法总结 新概念英语第一册语法总结 一、时态： 1. 一般现在时 表示一般性，经常性的动作或客观存在事实。 动词be的用法：I用am，you用are，其他记牢单用is复用are。 1 含有be动词的句子 He is a teacher. The girl is very beautiful. Tim and Jack are students. ★变疑问句将be动词移到句首 Is he a teacher? Is the girl very beautiful? Are Tim and Jack students? ★肯定回答及否定回答 Yes, he is. No, he is not. Yes, she is. No, she is not. Yes, they are. No, they are not. ★变否定句在be动词后面加not He is not a teacher. The girl is not very beautiful. Tim and Jack are not students. 2. 现在进行时 表示现在正在进行的动作。 构成：主语＋be动词＋动词的现在分词＋其它成分（现在分词的构成见附录）We are having lunch.
He is reading a book. The dog is running after a cat. The boys are swimming across the river. ★变疑问句将be动词移到句首 Are we having lunch? Is he reading a book? Is the dog running after a cat? Are the boys swimming across the river? ★变否定句在be动词后面加 not We are not having lunch. He is not reading a book. The dog is not running after a cat. The boys are swimming across the river. ★特殊疑问句：what, which, how, where, who, etc. 疑问词＋动词＋主语＋现在分词 What are you doing? What is she doing? What is the dog doing? 没有进行时的动词（必背） 表示状态，思想，感情和感觉的动词不能表示正在进行的动作 1. 表示感觉，感官的词 see, hear, like, love, want, 2. have, has当”拥有”讲时没有进行时 3. 一般过去时：表示过去发生的动作或事件，常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last night, the day before yesterday, 3 days ago, 含有be动词的句子，将动词变为过去式，am, is的过去式为was，are的过去式为were I was at the butcher’s.
新概念一册知识点梳理 新概念一共144课，其中单课为课文，双课为语法和练习。整本书是以单数课为正课，并附带有插图而双数课则是针对单数课所讲的内容有针对性地进行练习，从此出展现出整个新概念一教材区别于其他教材的独特之处。 以下是对新概念一整本教材的理解和剖析，以供各位对整个课本的理解和把握上参考和借鉴。 首先根据课本中出现的时态来分析： 本册书的语法出现层次性和规律性是很强的，首先我们先来整本书中都出了哪些时态，这些时态的具体分布和讲解时我们大家需要注意的递进性。 Lesson 31—34 现在进行时 Lesson 37—40 第一次出现be going to 的将来时 Lesson 51—56 一般现在时 Lesson 67—76 为一般过去式 Lesson 83—90 为现在完成时 Lesson 91—96 为一般将来时(will) Lesson 117—118 过去进行时 Lesson 119—120 过去完成时 除去前面所有时态和句型所占据的76课我们一起来看一下以下的68课，每一课小的语言点，语法点都是在什么地方，应该用什么样的方式来讲解。 在这里告诉学员新概念一的每一个单课的重点都是出现双课的标题和课后的练习题里面。 Lesson1—2 语言点：与陌生人说话或引起别人的注意。Excuse me. Yes? Pardon? Thank you very much. 语法点：主系表结构this为主语，名词做表语1的一般疑问句以及它的肯定回答。Is this your handbag? Yes, it is. Lesson 5—6 语言点：如何介绍别人。This is Miss Sophie Dupont. Nice to meet you. 语法点：主语为第三人称单数的主系表结构。She is French. He is German. It’s a V olvo.(L6) a/an 的使用。 Lesson 7—8 语言点：如何自我介绍和相互认识。 语法点：主语为第二人称的主系表结构。Are you French? What nationality are you? What’s your job? 特殊疑问句。 Lesson 9—10 语言点：朋友或熟识的人之间如何相互问候。How are you? 语法点：主系表结构形容词做表语。 介词短语表示位置near the window, on the televion, on the wall Lesson 29—30 语言点：如何发号命令。 语法点：祈使句（肯定）。
沪江英语绿宝书之 新概念2 37-40课知识点汇总一、词汇精讲 olympic n.奥林匹克的 【词组】the International Olympic Committee 国际奥委会（IOC）-mascot n.吉祥物 -stadium n.露天体育场(有多层看台) 【词组】a baseball stadium 棒球场 【注意事项】plural: stadiums, stadia hold vt.召开; 握住，抓住 【注意事项】hold-held-held 【常用搭配】hold on 【例句】Hold on, I’ll just get my key. 等我一下，我去拿钥匙。 【常用搭配】hold back 阻碍；抑制 hold an opinion/view 持有某种观点、看法 【例句】Most of us hold the opinion that it is right 我们大多认为这是正确的 【词组】hold a meeting/party 举行会议、聚会 【例句】The 2008 Olympic Games were held in Beijing, China. 2008年奥运会在中国北京举办 government n.政府 【词组】local government 地方政府 【词组】central government 中央政府
【常用搭配】be in government 执政 immense adj.巨大的 immensely adv.极大地 standard n.标准；水平 【词组】high standard 高水平 standard of living 生活水平 【例句】He lives in a nation with a high standard of living. 他生活在一个生活水准较高的国家。 【常用搭配】meet/reach a standard 达到某一标准、水平 【例句】Your recent work has been below standard. 你最近的工作一直低于标准。 【常用搭配】raise/lower a standard 提高/降低标准 【例句】We’re not about to lower our standards just to meet your demands. 我们不会为了满足你的要求降低我们的标准。 【词组】standard English 标准英语 capital n.首都 【例句】Dublin is the capital of Ireland. 都柏林是爱尔兰的首都。 n.资金（不可数） 【例句】The corporation has enough capital to build another factory. 这家公司有足够的资金来兴建另一家工厂。 capitalism n.资本主义 communism n.共产主义 capitalist n.资本家 n.大写字母 capitalize v.把字母大写 【例句】Don’t forget to capitalize the first letter of the sentence. 别忘了大写句子第一个单词的首字母。 【常用搭配】Capitol Hill 美国国会山/the U.S. Congress fantastic adj.极好的；巨大的 【例句】You look fantastic! 你看起来好棒。 【近义词】awesome, great
新概念2知识点总结 第一部分、时态总结 一、一般过去时； 一、定义。 1. 表示过去的动作或状态，常和明确的过去时间状语连用，如：yesterday, last week, three days ago, in 1998,just now等，或与由when引导的从句连用。 2. 也可以表示过去某一段时间内经常或反复出现的动作。句子中常带有every day, often, usually, always, sometimes等时间状语。 例：When I worked in the company, I got up early every morning. 在那家公司上班时，我每天早晨都起得很早。 In the past few years she usually went touring during her summer holidays. 在过去的几年里，每逢暑假她总是出去旅游。 二、一般过去时态句子结构 1．Be 动词的一般过去时态 在没有实义动词的句子中使用be动词，am is 的过去式为was; are的过去式为were. 如：I was late yesterday. We weren't late yesterday. She wasn't a teacher three years ago. Were you ill yesterday
Were they once your classmates ---Yes, I was. ---No, I wasn't. Who were your best friends in your primary school 2. 实义动词的一般过去时态 肯定句要使用动词的过去式，否定句和疑问句要使用助动词do和does 的过去式did. 如：I went home at nine o'clock yesterday. I didn't go home yesterday. He didn't tell me about you. Did you go home yesterday ---Yes, I did. ---No, I didn't. When did you finish your homework last night/the day before yesterday 3. 助动词和情态动词过去式如下： shall―should（将要）用于第一人称单数will―would（将要）用于所有人称 can―could（能，会）may―might（可以）must―must （必须）have to―had to（不得不） 助动词和情态动词的过去时态要使用他们的过去式，后面的动词还使用原形。 如：I had to do my homework yesterday. (昨天我不得不做作业。) 三、一般过去时态动词变化形式 一般过去时态由动词的过去式表示。大多数动词的过去式是在动词原形后加上ed构成。这类动词称为规则动词。
Lesson 1-2 一、词汇 1．指示代词：this that 2．Be动词：am is are 3．文具类：pen pencil book school teacher 4．服饰类：watch dress skirt shirt T-shirt handbag coat cloakroom suit 5．其他：excuse pardon thank you thanks house car 二、语法： 1、指示代词this that 的用法 指示代词this that表示“这个”、“那个”。是指单个的人或物。this 表示时间和空间上较接近说话人的人或物。That表示时间和空间上离说话人较远的人或物。 使用this that时注意以下两点： 1．1 this that只和单数连用，如This is a dog. That is a pencil. 1．2以this that作主语的疑问句，其答语通常用it指代。如：Is that a cap? Yes, it is. 1．3 初次见面介绍某人时常用this. Mum, this is my friend, Mary. 1．4打电话时，用this表示“我”，用that表示“你”。如：Hello, this is Mary, Who’s that? 你好！我是玛丽，你是谁？ 2、be动词的用法 Be动词通常在句中做谓语，基本形式有is/am/are (以下是对应人称代词的固定搭配) I am=I’m You are = You’re He is = He’s She is = She’s It is = It’s We are = We’re They are = They’re 3、陈述句、一般疑问句 陈述句：This is your handbag. 陈述句变一般疑问句：Is this your handbag? 陈述句变一般疑问句方法四步： 3．1 找出陈述句中的助动词，如is am are 3．2 助动词大写提前至句首。 3．3 主语小写紧随其后。3．4 句末加问号。 三、作业 1、所有单词每个写一行。 2、造句。写一陈述句，将其变成一般疑问句并做肯定及否定回答。
新概念英语第一册语法 知识点 Company number：【WTUT-WT88Y-W8BBGB-BWYTT-19998】
新概念英语第一册语法总结 ?时态：一般现在时、现在进行时、一般过去时、现在完成时、一般将来时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时 ★含有be动词的句子 He is a teacher. The girl is very beautiful. Tim and Jack are students. ★变疑问句将be动词移到句首 Is he a teacher？ Is the girl very beautiful？ Are Tim and Jack students？ ★变否定句在be动词后面加not He is not a teacher. The girl is not very beautiful. Tim and Jack are not students. ★肯定回答及否定回答 Yes, he is. No, he is not. Yes, she is. No, she is not. Yes, they are. No, they are not. ★含有一般动词的句子 ★第三人称单数及单数名词 He likes books. She likes him. The dog likes bones. ★变疑问句在句首加does, 动词变为原型 Does he like books？ Does she like him？ Does the dog like bones？ ★变否定句在主语及动词之间加doesn’t, 动词变为原型 He doesn’t like books. She doesn’t like him. The dog doesn’t like bones. ★肯定回答及否定回答： Yes, he does. No, he doesn’t. Yes, she does. No, she doesn’t Yes, it does. No, it doesn’t. 注意：第三人称单数形式一般在动词后面加S。 ★其他人称及复数名词
辅导讲义 学员姓名：Jnce2a 年级：科目: Jnce1b 学科教师：Bella 授课日期2018.6.16授课时段周六8:00-10:00 授课主题Unit Good luck on Sunday! 教学内容 课前回顾 包括上次课的课后作业讲解、单词听写、错题重现、日校答疑、重难点回顾等…… Unit 语法：people 集体名词，be动词用复数形式 1.on+具体某天 2.翻译疑问句 3.现在进行时 词汇： visit 参观，访问noisy 嘈杂的，喧闹的hundreds of 数以百计的 thousands of 数以千计village 村庄laugh 大笑 look forward to 盼望，期望film 电影say 说话town 市镇，城镇city 城市 radio 收音机learn 学习news 新闻come home 回家quiet 安静的 television 电视机luck 运气center 中心trade fair 贸易博览会 exhibitor 参展者visitor 参观者competitor 竞争者，参赛者spirit 本质，精神 重点句型： ★ Who are waiting for a bus? ★ What are they doing? They're…… ★What are sb. and sb. doing? ★ Are Robert and Lucy waiting for a taxi? 罗伯特和路西在等出租车么？ ★ What are Robert and Lucy doing? ★Good luck！ 作业： 1.微信熟读P. 2.背诵单词短语，下节课听写 3.完成练习册 4.每天听语音资料15分钟并大声跟读。 1
新概念英语第一册语法总结 ?时态：一般现在时、现在进行时、一般过去时、现在完成时、一般将来时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时 ★含有be动词的句子 He is a teacher. The girl is very beautiful. Tim and Jack are students. ★变疑问句将be动词移到句首 Is he a teacher? Is the girl very beautiful? Are Tim and Jack students? ★变否定句在be动词后面加not He is not a teacher. The girl is not very beautiful. Tim and Jack are not students. ★肯定回答及否定回答 Yes, he is. No, he is not. Yes, she is. No, she is not. Yes, they are. No, they are not. ★含有一般动词的句子 ★第三人称单数及单数名词 He likes books. She likes him. The dog likes bones. ★变疑问句在句首加does, 动词变为原型 Does he like books? Does she like him? Does the dog like bones? ★变否定句在主语及动词之间加doesn’t, 动词变为原型 He doesn’t like books. She doesn’t like him. The dog doesn’t like bones. ★肯定回答及否定回答： Yes, he does. No, he doesn’t. Yes, she does. No, she doesn’t Yes, it does. No, it doesn’t. 注意：第三人称单数形式一般在动词后面加S。 ★其他人称及复数名词 I want to have a bath. We have some meat. The students like smart teachers. ★变疑问句在句首加do Do you want to have a bath?
新概念英语第一册知识点讲解和归纳.txtcopy（复制）别人的个性签名，不叫抄袭，不叫没主见，只不过是感觉对了。遇到过的事一样罢了。新概念英语第一册知识点归纳与讲解 短语、词组归纳 由动词开头构成的短语、词组很多。复习时应分类处理： 一、动词+介词 1．look at…看…，look like …看上去像……， look after …照料… 2．listen to…听…… 3．welcome to…欢迎到…… 4．say hello to …向……问好 5．speak to…对……说话 此类短语相当于及物动词，其后必须带宾语，但宾语无论是名词还是代词，都要放在介词之后。如： This is my new bike. Please look it after.(×) This is my new bike. Please look after it.(√) 二、动词+副词 “动词+副词”所构成的短语义分为两类： A．动词（vt.）+副词 1．put on 穿上 2．take off脱下 3．write down记下 此类短语可以带宾语，宾语若是名词，放在副词前后皆可；宾语若是人称代词，只能放在副词的前面。试比较： First listen to the tape, then write down the answer/write the answer down. (√) First listen to the answer, then write down it.(×) First listen to the answer, then write it down.(√) B．动词（vi）+副词。 1．come on赶快 2．get up起床 3．go home回家 4．come in进来 5．sit down 坐下 6．stand up起立 此类短语属于不及物动词，不可以带宾语。 三、其它类动词词组 1.close the door 2.1ook the same 3.go to work/class 4.be ill 5.have a look/seat 6.have supper 7.1ook young 8.go shopping 9.watch TV/games 10. play games 介词短语聚焦 “介词+名词/代词”所构成的短语称为介词短语。现将Unitsl-16常用的介词短语按用法进行归类。 1．in+语言/颜色/衣帽等，表示使用某种语言或穿着……。如：in English，in the hat 2．in + Row/ Team/ Class/ Grade等，表示“在……排/队/班级/年级”等。 3．in the morning/ afternoon/ evening/ 表示“在上午/下午/傍晚”等一段时间。 4．in the desk/ pencil-box/bedroom 等表示“在书桌/铅笔盒/卧室里”。 5．in the tree表示“在树上 (非树本身所有)”；on the tree表示“在树上(为树本身所有)”。如：There are some in the tree. There are many apples on the trees. 6．in the wall表示“在墙上（凹陷进去）”；on the wall表示“在墙上（指墙的表面）”。如：There’re four windows in the wall, and there is a map on the back wall. 7．at work（在工作）/at school（上学）/at home（在家）应注意此类短语中无the。8．at + 时刻表示钟点。如：at six, at half , past ten.
L e s s o n4A n E x c i t i n g t r i p ★exciting exciting adj. 令人兴奋的 excited adj. 兴奋的 excite vt. 使...激动 excite sb. (eg.This news excited me.) -ed: 自己感到 -ing:令人感到 This news is ___________. 这个新闻令人兴奋。 I am _________. 我很激动。 interesting adj. 令人感到有趣的 interested adj. 感到有意思的 interest vt. 使....产生兴趣（n.利息，兴趣，爱好，感兴趣的事） ___________ man 有趣的男人 《Gone with the wind》is a very ___________ book. 《飘》是一本非常有趣的书。 That toy ________ me. 那个玩具让我觉得有趣。 ★receive v. 接受, 收到 ①vt. 接到，收到，得到
When did you receive that letter? ② vt. 招待，接待 You need a large room if you are going to receive so many gues ts. receive是“收到”，指的是一个被动的动作，主观上接受与否不清楚。 receive/have a letter from sb. 同类词： accept 同意接收 This morning I received a bunch of flowers from a boy,but I didn't accept i t. take则是主动的“拿”、“取” I received a beautiful pen from my uncle. My brother took it from me yester d a y. take也可以作收到 take the exam 考试 take advice 接受建议 ★firm n. 商行, 公司 company n. 公司
名词 名词包括可数名词和不可数名词，可数名词有单复数变化。不可数名词没有。 可数名词单数变复数规则： 1)单数名词加s: , , , , , . 2)以s、x、、结尾的名词加: , , , . 3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加: , , . 4)以f或结尾的名词，多数变f为v加: , .但有些词只加s: , s, . 5)以o结尾的名词，有些加: , , , .其它加s: s, , , . 6)不规则名词：→, →, →, →, → n, →, →, →, →. 第一人称第二人称第三人称 单数复数单数复数单数复数 人称代词主格I 宾格 物主代词形容词性名词性 I. 人称代词:人称代词又分为主格和宾格形式.主格通常做主语。宾格通常做动词或介词的宾语. : a. I’m a . b.? . 物主代词又分为形容词性的物主代词和名词性的物主代词. 形容词性的物主代词:相当于形容词,后面要跟名词,指定名词的所属对象. 名词性的物主代词:相当于一个名词,必须单独使用，后面不能再跟名词. : a. , .( ) b. . .( ) 时态 一、一般现在时： 概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
时间状语： , , , , (, , …), a , … 基本结构：①动词；②行为动词 否定形式：①;②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加't,如主语为第三人称单数，则用't，同时还原行为动词。 一般疑问句：①把动词放于句首；②用助动词提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用，同时，还原行为动词。 a . ’t . ? I 7 o’ . ’t . ? ? 一般现在时句中，如果主语是第三人称时，动词要变第三人称单数，变化规则如下： 1) 一般情况下，动词后面直接加 . 例如： 2) 以s，x ，，或 o 结尾的动词，在后面加。例如： 3) 以辅音字母 + y结尾的动词，把 y变为 i 再加 . 例如： 特殊情况：动词的第三人称单数是。 例如： . 二、一般过去时： 概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。 时间状语：, , , (, , …), 1989, , 5,, , a , …. 基本结构：①动词；②行为动词 否定形式：①;②在行为动词前加't，同时还原行为动词。
Lesson 4 An Exciting trip ★exciting exciting adj. 令人兴奋的 excited adj. 兴奋的 excite vt. 使...激动 excite sb. (eg.This news excited me.) -ed: 自己感到 -ing:令人感到 This news is ___________. 这个新闻令人兴奋。 I am _________. 我很激动。 interesting adj. 令人感到有趣的 interested adj. 感到有意思的 interest vt. 使....产生兴趣（n.利息，兴趣，爱好，感兴趣的事） ___________ man 有趣的男人 《Gone with the wind》is a very ___________ book. 《飘》是一本非常有趣的书。 That toy ________ me. 那个玩具让我觉得有趣。 ★receive v. 接受, 收到 ①vt. 接到，收到，得到 When did you receive that letter? ②vt. 招待，接待 You need a large room if you are going to receive so many gues ts. receive是“收到”，指的是一个被动的动作，主观上接受与否不清楚。 receive/have a letter from sb. 同类词： accept 同意接收
This morning I received a bunch of flowers from a boy,but I didn't accept i t. take则是主动的“拿”、“取” I received a beautiful pen from my uncle. My brother took it from me yester d a y. take也可以作收到 take the exam 考试 take advice 接受建议 ★firm n. 商行, 公司 company n. 公司 ★different adj. 不同的 ①adj. 不同的，相异的（经常与from连用） We are planning something different this year. 我们今年有不同的打算。 My room is different from yours. ___________________________________ ②adj. 各种各样的，不同的 This department store sells a large number of different things. 这家百货商店出售许多各种各样的东西。 He has visited ______________________ in China. 他去过中国的不少地方。 ★abroad adv. 在国外（副词, 直接和动词连用） go abroad 去国外 live abroad 国外定居 study abroad 国外学习
新概念册知识点梳理 Document number【SA80SAB-SAA9SYT-SAATC-SA6UT-SA18】
新概念一册知识点梳理 新概念一共144课，其中单课为课文，双课为语法和练习。整本书是以单数课为正课，并附带有插图而双数课则是针对单数课所讲的内容有针对性地进行练习，从此出展现出整个新概念一教材区别于其他教材的独特之处。 以下是对新概念一整本教材的理解和剖析，以供各位对整个课本的理解和把握上参考和借鉴。 首先根据课本中出现的时态来分析： 本册书的语法出现层次性和规律性是很强的，首先我们先来整本书中都出了哪些时态，这些时态的具体分布和讲解时我们大家需要注意的递进性。 Lesson31—34现在进行时 Lesson37—40第一次出现begoingto的将来时 Lesson51—56一般现在时 Lesson67—76为一般过去式 Lesson83—90为现在完成时 Lesson91—96为一般将来时(will) Lesson117—118过去进行时 Lesson119—120过去完成时 除去前面所有时态和句型所占据的76课我们一起来看一下以下的68课，每一课小的语言点，语法点都是在什么地方，应该用什么样的方式来讲解。 在这里告诉学员新概念一的每一个单课的重点都是出现双课的标题和课后的练习题里面。 Lesson1—2 语言点：与陌生人说话或引起别人的注意。?Pardon?Thankyouverymuch. 语法点：主系表结构this为主语，名词做表语1的一般疑问句以及它的肯定回答。Isthisyourhandbag?Yes,itis. Lesson5—6 语言点：如何介绍别人。. 语法点：主语为第三人称单数的主系表结构。a/an的使用。 Lesson7—8 语言点：如何自我介绍和相互认识。 语法点：主语为第二人称的主系表结构。AreyouFrench? Whatnationalityareyou?What’syourjob?特殊疑问句。 Lesson9—10 语言点：朋友或熟识的人之间如何相互问候。Howareyou? 语法点：主系表结构形容词做表语。 介词短语表示位置nearthewindow,onthetelevion,onthewall Lesson29—30 语言点：如何发号命令。 语法点：祈使句（肯定）。 动词与宾语的固定搭配。 Lesson37—38 语言点：如何表达将要做的事情。 语法点：现在进行时态begoingtodo结构表达将要发生的事情。 Therebe句型的一般疑问句形式。
新概念第二册1-64课知识点总结 L.1 1．五大基本句型2．零冠词精讲背诵 L.2 1.现在进行时与一般现在时2．感叹句的基本结构精讲 L.3 1.“给予”动词带双宾精讲背诵 L.4 1．现在完成时2．Accept vs.receive3.excited vs. exciting知识点和第五课重复，可以不讲 L.5 1.一般现在时与过去完成时的区别2．In 3 minutes vs. in 3 minutes’time3. 带way的短语精讲课文：背诵课文 L.6 1.in vs.on2.不定冠词的一般用法3 动词词组搭配精讲课文：背诵 L.7 1.expect的用法2．过去进行时3．When, while and as4. 小品词（副词vs介词）精讲 L.8 1.形容词和副词的比较级和最高级2．谓语动词的单复数确定精讲：背诵 L.9 1.基本时间介词的用法：at, in, on, during, through, till, until2 时间表示法次精讲 L.10 1.被动语态2．名词所有格，双重所有格（37）3.made in, made of, made from, made by精讲;鼓励背诵，加强语感 L.11 1.deserve的用法2．不定式作宾语动词后是否需要先加一个名词或代词次精讲：适合背诵 L.12 1．一般将来时可以不讲 L.13 1.将来进行时和一般将来时的区别精讲 L.14 1．Except, except for, apart from次精讲 L.15 1.afford的用法2.interrupt的用法3．直接引语与间接引语精讲：背诵 L.16 1．Remind的用法2．Fail的用法3．if条件句精讲：背诵 L.17 1.in spite of2.介词的用法in, 3 情态动词精讲：鼓励背诵L. 18 1.have的多种用法（助动词，完全动词）2．关于give的词组自学课文L.