商务英语翻译复习材料

20XX年复习资料大学复习资料专业：班级：科目老师：日期：定语从句的翻译1. A lot of things happened to the board of directors during his absence which he didnot know.2.I guessed that in the past he had acquired a good deal of experience in dealing withMiddle West businessmen who had to be cajoled into paying a fancy price for an old master’s painting.3.In the Third World, where two out of three people still live by farming, food shortageand malnutrition are common.4.Americans have a great range of customs and habits that at first may seem puzzlingto a visitor.5.They saw the first glimmerings of the "new economic order" for which many Third Worldcountries have long been clamoring.6.Each day we make choices that affect our lives and sometimes the lives of others.7.While at a museum, one can frequently rent a small recording machine that will explainthe objects on display as you move through the museum.8.There are also great advantages that come from different kinds of cultures broughtby settlers from other lands.9.In fact, many Americans who could afford to hire a cook or driver do not employ them.10.The airplane is the first in the scale of increasing vehicle size that would appearto be adaptable to nuclear power.11.Einstein, who worked out the famous Theory of Relativity, won the Nobel Prize in20XXXX21.12.As you know, we operate in a highly competitive market in which we have been forcedto cut our prices to the minimum.13. A country that wishes to become a member of WTO is to send in its application beforea working party is formed by WTO for examination of the specific conditions of thecountry.14.The trend of home working is surging in the field of finance where trading can bedone via the Internet.15.E-commerce is a challenging and dynamic area where change, growth and innovation arethe norm.补充练习：（无）。

商务职场英语复习资料一、术语：Intellectual property rights 知识产权Electronically tagged 电子标签Global merchandise trade 全球商品贸易balance sheet 资产负债表Fixed asset 固定资产current assets 流动资产Forged currency 伪造货币spirality costs 螺旋式上升费用Financial expenditure 财政支出expense accounts 报销单Stock market 股票市场diversified portfolio 多元化投资组合[Put through the wringer 经历痛苦blue market 露天市场Ambush marketing 埋伏式营销guerrilla marketing 游击式营销Blitz marketing 闪电式营销viral marketing 病毒式营销Contract length 合同长度promotion prospects 提升机会Baby bond 小额贷款bear market 空头市场Bull market 牛市dead cat bounce 回光返照二、完形填空：1：'In (1)traditional economic theory, the term human resources referred simply to labor, one of the three factors of production. Nowadays, human resources (HR) is the people that staff and operate an organization as contrasted with its financial and (2)material resources. Human resources is also the organizational function dealing with people and issues related to people such as: hiring and (3)firing , compensation, training, performance, organizational development, health and safety, benefits, motivation, communication, etc. HR (4)managers are obliged and expected to carry out these activities in an effective, legal, fair, and consistent (5)fashion . The objective of human resources is to (6)maximize the return on investment from an organization’s human capital. HR management aims to improve individuals’productive contribution to an organization while simultaneously trying to achieve other societal and individual (7)objectives. Sometimes in large companies there is not a lot of direct (8)contact between top management and the majority of employees. The HR department plays a crucial liaison role between a company and it’s most precious (9)asset—its employees. Today, human resources is a vital part of a company. A company that does not attend to its human resources issues will not (10 prosper .2:(1)Advocates of capitalism consider economic freedom to be a basic (2)human liberty. However, (3)critics of the market system claim that it does not provide an equally high standard of (4)living for everyone. This is undeniably true. Under capitalism, there are (5)inequalities of wealth, though much less so than under other (6)system. To a large degree, success in a free market depends on individual (7)effort and ability, qualities that are distributed unevenly among human beings. The onlyway to achieve the goal of complete equality of wealth is by the use of some sort of (8)government force. The market economy has no (9)mechanisms of coercion available to it and it does not guarantee equal wealth for all. It tries to maintain liberty and (10)equality under law for all participants.3:Demand for a product is affected by a range of variables. Two key variables are the (1)price price of the product, and consumers’(2) income. According to (3) economic theory, there is normally an (4) inverse relationship between the price of a product and the quantity demanded of that product. As price (5) falls , the quantity demanded increases. There is also normally a (6)direct relationship between consumers’income and the quantity demanded at any given price; i.e. as consumers’income increases, demand (7) increase. The (8)demand for some products is very responsive to changes in price or in consumers’income. A certain (9)percentage change in price or income leads to a greater percentage change in the quantity demanded. (10)economists describe such products as having (11) elastic demand. The demand for some other products is much less responsive to changes in price or income. These products are said to have (12) inelastic demand.三、句子连接：1.If you want to take advantage of this offer, call right away!2.If you want people to remember your company, give it a catchy name.\3. If this plan can help to reduce our phone bills, then, yes, we’re interested.4. If you want to succeed in this career, you have to work really hard.5. If we make our calls at off-peak times, they cost less.6. If you use your credit card responsibly, you don’t run up a big debt.7. If you give people good service,they come back again.1. Brand names help customers identify the manufacturer of a product.2. A brand name ensures that we can distinguish one product from others./3. Brand names that are familiar to us can make us feel comfortable.4. The earliest types of brands helped to identify the maker of a product.5. Some of the best-known brands have become status symbols.1.pirated good often closely resemble the originals and so it is difficult to identify the fakes.2.Brand-name goods are fashionable but very expensive and consequently,these goods are copied and sold at a cheaper price.3.Since pirated goods are often much cheaper than the originals,consumers savemoney by buying the fake goods.4.Because famous brand-name goods are symbols of luxury and status,those are the ones that are most frequently copied.5.>6.Since for many women the handbag is an important accessory,there is a huge demand for affordable fake handbags.panies sometimes dump unassembled product components and this result in components being combined with inferior parts and sold as genuine articles.8.Due to the fact that many officials are not qualified to deal with counterfeiters,representatives from brands are called in when a fake is suspected.1. A counterfeit is an imitation made deliberately to falsely represent its content or its origins.2. Apart from forged currency or documents, counterfeits can also be clothes, software, pharmaceuticals, etc.3. In the USA, the FBI estimates that American companies lose up to $250 billion a year due to counterfeit goods.4. According to the European Commission, counterfeit goods cause 100,000 job losses in Europe each year.;5. Expensive or desirable brands have become popular among counterfeiters.6. The popularity of designer jeans such as Jordache in the late 1970s produced a flood of illegal copies.1. Inflation can be defined as a substantial and continuing overall increase in the general level of prices.2. One factor that can result in inflation is an increase in government taxes and fees.3. Average inflation in the USA has been steady at about 3% a year for the last thirty years.4. When interest rates go up and the cost of borrowing increases, the cost of runninga business increases and inflation can result.[5. Most people are able to cope with the average inflation rate of 3% as they get an annual increase in wages.1. P&H recovered slightly last year but then suffered a loss of $6 million.2. Omega’s acquisition of Eastern Energy boosted gas production.3. The market’s volatile behavior recently put shareholders through the wringer.4. Frood’s strong sales in all areas helped them turn in solid Q1 figures.5. The company offered free delivery and this created very high postal costs.）1. Financial institutions are companies that deal in money or money equivalents, such as stocks and bonds.2. The financial institution that most people know best is the commercial bank.3. A bank is an establishment in which individuals, businesses, government agencies, and even other banks deposit money.4. From these deposits the bank makes loans to individuals, businesses, government agencies, and other banks.5. The interest earned on these loans is a chief source of income for the bank.6. Deposits represent the largest source of commercial bank income—usually more than 80 percent.7. Checking accounts are the means by which most people and institutions pay their bills.:1. Corporate fraud is an undeniable fact of business life affecting businesses large and small.2. New technologies such as the Internet have increased the opportunities for fraud to be committed.3. Once suspected or discovered, investigating fraud is a specialist task requiring experience and technical skill.4. There is no doubt that fraud is best prevented,rather than dealt with after the fact.5. There is no completely foolproof method of preventing fraud,although there are a range of effective fraud prevention techniques.6. Special techniques are used to pro-actively test for fraud profiles.7. Other techniques are used to further investigate so that fraud incidents are satisfactorily resolved.四、作文1、求职信2、简历3、备忘录4、E-mail5、申请助学金6、投诉信7、恢复投诉信8、给家人或亲人写一封邮件。

商务英语口译材料
商务英语口译是一项重要的能力，在商业交流中起着至关重要的作用。

下面是
一些商务英语口译材料，希望能够对您的口译能力有所帮助。

首先，商务英语口译需要具备良好的专业知识和词汇积累。

在商务交流中，涉
及到各种行业的专业术语，因此口译人员需要对相关行业有一定的了解，并且需要不断积累相关词汇，以便在口译过程中能够准确地表达意思。

其次，商务英语口译需要具备良好的语言表达能力。

口译人员需要能够准确、
流利地表达对方的意思，同时还要能够准确理解对方的表达，并将其翻译成自己的语言。

这就需要口译人员具备良好的口头表达能力和听力能力。

另外，商务英语口译需要具备良好的跨文化交流能力。

在商务交流中，往往涉
及到不同文化背景的交流，口译人员需要能够理解并尊重对方的文化习惯，同时还要能够准确地传达自己的意思，避免因文化差异而导致的误解。

最后，商务英语口译需要具备良好的应变能力。

在商务交流中，往往会出现各
种突发情况，口译人员需要能够迅速应对，并做出准确的翻译，确保交流顺利进行。

总之，商务英语口译是一项综合能力的体现，需要口译人员具备良好的专业知识、语言表达能力、跨文化交流能力和应变能力。

希望以上材料能够对您在商务英语口译方面有所帮助，祝您在商务交流中取得成功！。

商务英语复习资料题型：①阅读理解5-6篇40% ②翻译（中→英）5个*5’=25%③画图题15% ④作文：要顶格写20%一．翻译1．我们希望公司能使我们更高效的经营业务，同时也为客户带来便利。

我们也希望你们能继续向我们订购，订单直接交本公司或分公司均可。

We hope that by it we can handle our business more efficiently for the convenience of our customers. We also hope that you will continue to place orders with us direct or through our new branch.2．随函寄上本公司商品目录一册，供参考，但愿你们从中能找到所需要的东西。

Enclosed for your reference is a copy of our catalogue ,in which you may find something you need.3．如果在你方市场完成了年销售，这份独家代理协议原本可以于到期日延长一年。

Should the annual turnover have been realized in your market, the sole agent agreement would have been extended for another year upon its expiration.4．前几天，你地的一家通讯公司前来与我们洽谈业务，他们意外地告诉我们你们是有名的摩托车制造商。

We were approached by a telecom provider in your district the other day and from them we happened to know that you are a well-known motorbike manufacturer.5．由于我方已在支付方式方面做出了让步，因此，难以再顺从你方的要求，把价格降至你方所说水平。

商务英语第一次翻译练习题商务英语翻译练习是一项重要的学习活动，它可以帮助学习者提高语言技能，同时熟悉商务环境下的专业术语和表达方式。

以下是一份商务英语翻译练习题，旨在提高学生的翻译能力。

商务英语翻译练习题一、词汇翻译1. 合同 (Contract)2. 报价 (Quotation)3. 交货 (Delivery)4. 销售合同 (Sales Agreement)5. 信用证 (Letter of Credit)二、句子翻译1. 我们收到了贵公司的报价单，并对其内容进行了仔细的审查。

(Translate to English)2. 根据我们的市场研究，这种产品有很大的销售潜力。

(Translateto English)3. 请提供贵公司的详细地址和联系方式。

(Translate to English)4. 我们希望与贵公司建立长期的业务关系。

(Translate to English)5. 我们公司提供多种付款方式，以满足客户的需求。

(Translate to English)三、段落翻译1. 尊敬的客户，我们很高兴通知您，您的订单已成功下单。

我们将尽快安排发货，并确保货物按时到达。

如果有任何问题，请随时联系我们的客服团队。

(Translate to English)2. Dear Customer, we are pleased to inform you that your order has been successfully placed. We will arrange for the shipment as soon as possible and ensure that the goods arrive on time. Should you have any issues, please feel free to contact our customer service team. (Translate to Chinese)四、商务信函翻译1. 翻译以下商务信函的开头和结尾部分：尊敬的先生/女士，我们对贵公司的产品非常感兴趣，并希望建立业务关系。

国际商务英语复习资料国际商务英语复习资料在当今全球化的时代，国际商务英语的重要性日益凸显。

无论是从事国际贸易、跨国公司工作，还是希望扩大自己的职业发展空间，掌握国际商务英语都是必不可少的。

为了帮助大家更好地复习和掌握国际商务英语知识，本文将提供一些复习资料和方法。

一、商务词汇商务词汇是国际商务英语的基础，掌握一定的商务词汇是进行商务交流的前提。

在复习过程中，可以通过背单词、阅读商务文章等方式来积累商务词汇。

此外，还可以使用商务英语词汇书籍、在线词汇工具等辅助工具来巩固记忆。

二、商务写作商务写作是国际商务英语的重要组成部分。

在商务写作中，要注意使用正式、准确的语言表达自己的观点和意见。

在复习过程中，可以通过模仿商务邮件、商务报告等文档来提升自己的商务写作能力。

同时，也可以阅读商务英语写作指南，学习商务写作的常用句型和表达方式。

三、商务口语商务口语是进行商务交流的重要方式。

在商务口语中，要注意语速、语调、表达清晰等方面。

在复习过程中，可以通过与他人进行商务对话、模拟商务谈判等方式来提升自己的商务口语能力。

同时，也可以参考商务英语口语教材，学习商务口语的常用表达和场景对话。

四、跨文化交际国际商务英语不仅仅是语言的学习，还包括了跨文化交际的能力。

在国际商务交流中，不同的文化背景和价值观会对商务活动产生影响。

在复习过程中，可以通过学习不同国家的商务礼仪、文化差异等来提升自己的跨文化交际能力。

同时，也可以参加国际商务交流活动，与外国商务人士进行交流，亲身感受跨文化交际的挑战和机遇。

五、实践应用复习国际商务英语不仅仅是理论的学习，更重要的是能够将所学知识应用到实践中。

在复习过程中，可以通过参加商务英语角、进行商务模拟演练等方式来锻炼自己的实践应用能力。

同时，也可以参与国际商务项目、实习等机会，将所学知识运用到实际工作中，提升自己的实际操作能力。

总结起来，国际商务英语的复习资料包括商务词汇、商务写作、商务口语、跨文化交际等方面。

李明《商务英语翻译（英译汉）》笔记及翻译示例汇总（关于商务英语）【圣才出品】第1单元关于商务英语1.1 复习笔记“商务”的内涵。

商务，即商业实务，即商业活动中的一切事务，包括商业交际、商品营销、酒店服务、旅游服务、商业广告、商业谈判、商业宣传、招牌和商标命名等。

商业，即以买卖为手段从而促进商品流通的经济行业，其中的商品包括有形物品，无形商品及无形服务（黎运汉，2005：2）。

一、商务英语的界定1. 商务英语，即商业主体在国际商务活动中，为实现商业目的而使用的一种英语变体。

这种英语变体的语言特征和文体风格的独特性使它从普通英语（General English）中独立出来，称之为商务英语（Business English）。

从学术角度则称之为商务用途英语（English for Business Purposes）。

2. 商务英语属于英语的一种社会功能变体，是专门用途英语（English for Specific Purposes）中的一个分支，是英语在国际商务活动领域中的具体应用。

商务英语是一种蕴涵各种商务活动内容、为从事国际商务活动的人们所认同和接受、适合国际商务活动交际需要的一种英语变体。

它有着较强的实用性、较强的专业性和明确的目的性。

它包括语言知识、交际技能、专业知识、管理技能和文化意识等核心内容（向嫣红，2000：21）。

3. 在包括技术引进、对外贸易、招商引资、对外劳务承包与合同、国际金融、涉外保险、国际旅游、海外投资、国际运输、商业广告等在内的各种商务活动中所使用的英语，即称之为商务英语。

4. 商务英语发源于普通英语，因此完全具有普通英语的语言学特征。

同时，商务英语又是商务专业知识和英语语言的紧密结合，因而商务英语本身又具有独特性。

商务英语如同法律英语和医学英语一样，也属于功能性语言的范畴。

二、商务英语的特点作为一种功能性语言变体，商务英语有以下特点：1. 商务英语的词汇、语法以及内容等各个方面均有较强的专业性。

branch office entrance feeregular pricespecial pricewarrantyhead officeexpiry date 有效期限；终止日期 wrapping 包装纸，包装材料compensate for 赔偿 net profit 净利，纯利 Trademark 商标 Patent 专利 Intellectual Property Rights 知识产权 certificate 证书，证明 infringement 侵权 patent right 专利权 Patent Office 专利局 patent certificate 专利证书 exclusive right 专有权，专营权利 breakage 破碎险 invoice 发票 invoice value 发票金额 economy class 经济舱 business class 商务舱 departure time 起飞时间 arrival time 到达时间boarding card 登机牌 return ticket 往返票 Customs Declaration Card 海关申报卡 overcome the jet leg 倒时差 get down to business 开始谈正事 warehouse 仓库 stock 库存 delivery 递送，交货 conveyor belt 传送带 press release 新闻稿 cost-effective 节约成本的 prime-time 黄金时段 short clips 宣传短片 product launch show 产品发布会 market share 市场份额 business advertising 商业广告 target audi9. refreshment 茶点 ence 目标对象 take the minutes 作会议记录 gift voucher 礼券 free trial 免费试用 tie-in promotion 搭售 raffle sales 抽奖销售 outstanding debt 未偿债务 economic outlook 经济前景purchasing power 购买力profit margin 利润率分公司 入场费 正常价格 特价 （质量）保证 总公司enquiry （或inquiry ）询价，询盘；询问 enquiry note 询价单sample 样品 sample cuttings 剪样 sample book 样品本 quotation n.行市；报价 catalogue 商品目录 illustrated catalogu 带有插图或照片的目录 brochure /pamphlet 商品小册子 indicative price 参考价格 export n ・ 出口；出口货 export v< 出口 exporter n.出口商 exportation n. 出口 order n.订单，订购；所订货物（后面一 般接介词foi •，间或接of ） duplicateorder 重复订单 fresh order 新订单initial order 首批订货 outstanding/pending order 未完成订单 trialorder 试购订单 order v> 订购specific enquiry 具体询盘，详细询盘 general enquiry一般询盘 offer... on FOBbasis 按 FOB 价格报盘discount n.折扣，贴现trade discount 同行折扣，商业折扣discount v.贴现；打折扣 make Shipment 装运，发货 book shipping space 订舱位 shipping advice 装船通知 shippinginstructions 装船须知 cover insurance 投保 consign v.运送；寄售 consignor 发货人 consignee 收货人 contract 合同Sales Confirmation 销售确认书 counter offer n./v.还盘，还价 close the deal = come to terms 成交，达成 交易 packing n ・包装 packing charges 包装费用 packinginstructions 包装要求，包装须知 export packing 出口 包装 inner packing 内包装 outer packing 外包装 shipping marks 装运标志，陵头 improper packing 包装不当 container 集装箱 shipping instructions 装运须知 multimodal transportation 多式联运 payment 支付，付款 payment in advance 预付货款 shipping documents 装船单据 D/P= Documents against Payment 付款交单 D/A= Documents against Acceptance 承兑 交单credit status 信用状况 deposit 存款；保证金 balance 余额 collection 托收 honor a draft 兑付汇票 installment 分期支付的款项 issue an L/C 开立信用证 documentary draft 跟单汇票 clean draft 光票 cover insurance 投保 average 海损 premium 保险费 underwrite 承保 underwriter 承保人 breakage 破碎险 invoice 发票 invoice value 发票金额China Import and Export CommodityInspection Bureau 中国进出口产品检验局 Certificate of Origin 原产地证明Inspection Certificate of Quality 质量检验证书Settle a claim 理赔Register a claim 索赔Insurance claim 保险索赔Inferior quality 质量较差Registered trademark 注册商标Intellectual Property Rights 知识产权Copyright 版权Patent specification 专利说明Sales Contract 销售合同Contractor订约人，承包人Abide by the contract 遵守合同Expiration of contract 合同期满Gross weight 毛重Net weight 净重Insurance policy 保险单Insurance premium 保险费Underwriter 保险商Open account赊账交易Payment on delivery 货到付款Letter of credit 信用证Commercial invoice 商业发票Payment by installation 分期付款Inner packing 内包装Outer packing 外包装Shipping advice 装船通知Bill of lading 提单Port of shipment 装运港Port of destination 目的港Partial shipment 分批装运Bargain the price 讨价还价Cut the price削减价格Favorable price 优惠价格Wholesale price 批发价格Retail price零售价格Commission 折扣Main products主要产品Terms and conditions 条款条件Consumer products 消费品European main ports 欧洲主要港口Paragraph 1Trade fair provides a place for sellers to display their goods and make them known to buyers. It is a very common means for sellers to promote their goods and for buyers to choose goods from the vast variety on offer. It's a marketplace filled with qualified buyers, joint venture partners, distributor and partners 一all in one place. It offers many advantages, such as obtaining sales leads and competitor intelligence, and learning more about industry developments and trends・ It also offers companies some chances to capture their share of the global market. 8商品交易会是为卖方提供一个展示他们商品的场所，让买方了解它们，对于卖方来说，这是促销它们商品的普遍方式。

pervades the economy. ✓悲观的气氛笼罩着整个经济。
17
✓attentiveness n.
✓殷勤、周到，关注
✓Eye contact may convey sincerity and attentiveness in Western cultures but too much eye contact may embarrass people in some Oriental cultures.
责.
8
✓bring in ✓最早学到的含义是引进，吸收。还
有一层意思是“接纳，使某人任职、 就职” ✓bring in advanced technology and equipment ✓引进先进工艺和设备 ✓He was brought in last year as the direct manager. ✓他去年正式出任总经理。
Business English Review
1
✓expatriate n. ✓旅居海外的，移居国外的 ✓The writer, an expatriate living
in Singapore, has studied and worked in the US. ✓作者曾在美国读书和工作，目前旅 居新加坡。
profile for the new tennis champion. ✓我上司让我给这位新网球冠军写篇 小传。
4
✓acquire v. ✓原意为“获得”、“占有”，商务
英语中，表示“并购”、“收购” ✓One way of using cash was to
acquire other companies. ✓使用现金的一个办法是收购其他公
light on the mystery. ✓这项情报可能有助于查明那件疑

BusinessEnglish复习资料整理Unit 17 Futures and derivatives期货和衍生品Futures 期货-contracts to buy or sell a commodity , currency or financial asset at a future date, at a price fixed at the time of making the contract.Opti ons 期权——con tracts giving the right, but not the obligati on to biy or sell ?…Commodities 货物一raw materials or primary products(初级产品)(metals, cereal< 谷物> coffee. etc)Derivatives 衍生---a general name for all financial instruments (金融工具) whose price depends on the movement of another price.Hedging 套期保值一making contracts to buy or sell a commodity or financial asset at a pre-arranged price in the future as a protection or “insurance”against price changes.Speculation 投机买卖一buying securities or other assets in the hope of making a capital gainby selling them at a higher price(or selling them in the hope of buying them back at a lower price). Swaps 掉期互换Unit 18 Market structure and competition 市场结构和竞争The market leader (with the biggest market share)The market challenger (the second-biggest company in the industry)The market followers1.Market share : a company'ssales expressed as a percentage of the total market2.Promotion : short-term tactics designed to stimulate stronger sales of a product3.Monopoly : the situation in which there is only one seller ofa product/doc/7a7115228.html,petitor : companies offering similar goods or services to the same set of customers5.Slogan: a short and easily memorized phrase used in advertising6.Market segmentation : the division of a market into submarkets according to the needs or buying habitsof different groups of potential customers7.Market niche : a small and specific market segment8.Differential advantage : a factor which makes you superior to competitors in a certain respect9.Turn over : a businesss tot'al sales revenue10.Recession: a period during which an economy is working below its potentialBarriers to entry 进入壁垒Natural monopoly 自然垄断Economies of scale 经济规模Dominant-firm oligopoly 公司寡头垄断example: Mainframe computersMonopolistic competition 垄断竞争example: Confectionery (chocolate bars)Monopoly 垄断example: Rail transportMonopsony 买方垄断example: arms and weapons systems Oligopoly 寡头垄断example: cars (automobiles)Perfect competition 完全竞争example: wheatUnit 19 Takeovers, mergers, and buyouts 接管，兼并，收购Acquisition : the purchase of one firm by anotherM&A ： 1.Horizontal 2. Vertical: a. forward b. backwardTo innovate (innovation) 创新: designing new products andbringing them to the marketTo diversity (diversification) 多样化：to expend into new fieldsTo merger (a merger) 合并：to unite, combine, amalgamate, integrate or join togetherA raid 通过购买股票收购：buying another company 's shares on the stock exchange, hoping to persuade enough other shareholders to sell to take control of the company.To takeover bid 收购： a public offer to a company 's shareholds to buy their shares, at particularprice during a particular period, so as to acquire a company.Horizontal integration 横向整合：to merge with or take over other firms producing the same type of goods or services. 像可乐收购百事Vertical integration 纵向整合：joining with firms in other stages of the production of sale of a product 宝钢收购澳洲铁矿Backward integration Forward integration 购买生产环节Synergy 协同效应：向后一体化： a merger with or the acquisition of one 'ssuppliers 向前一体化： a merger with or the acquisition of one 'smarketing outletscombined production that is greater than the sum of the separate partsUnit 20 Efficiency and employment大学生就业难问题——从经济方面讲1.Macroeconomic environment(the several unemployment situation —e.g. the financial crisis)2.Enrollment -expansion of Chinese universities3.Dual labor market theory (the first/ second labor market )4.Economic structure being irrational5.Unbalanced regional economic developmentUnit 21 Business ethicsDefinition of Business Ethics:The principles and standards that determine acceptable conduct in business organizations. 能够决定商业组织哪些是能被接受的行为的原则和标准The acceptability of behavior in business is determined by Customers, Competitors, Governmentregulators, Interest groups, and the public, as well as each individual ' s personal moralprinciples and values.Why study business ethic? (不确定考不考)Reports of unethical behavior are on the rise.Society 's evaluation of right or wrong affects its ability to achieve its business goals.a response to FSGO and stakeholder demands for ethics initiatives. Individual ethics is not enough.Help identify ethical issues to key stakeholders.1．Charities （慈善）: institutions or organizations that provide help for people in need 2． Legitimacy （合法，合理 n..）: acceptability, according to law or public opinion.3． Perfect competition : the situation when there are a large number of sellers and buyers, freedom toenter and leave markets, a complete flow of information, and so on.4．Welfare : a condition of general well-being （and government spending designed to achieve this ）5． Threatening : menacing, endangering6． Vitality : liveliness, health, energy, strength7． Free enterprise : an economic system in which anyone can attempt to raise capital, form a business, andoffer goods or services.8．Conforming （一致性）: complying with or following （rules,etc.） 9． Ombodied : expressed, given a material form 10．Proponents （拥护者）: supporters, people who argue in favor of somethingUnit 22 The role of governmentP129.130 的文章大概看下 1. costly : expensive2. disposed of : spent, used or consumed3. on our behalf （利用）: done for us4. a physician : a medical doctor5. ailments （小病）: （non-serious ） illnesses6. to resort to force: to use violence7. to coerce （强迫）: to compel people to do something against their will 8. a mortician （殡仪业务）: someone who arranges funerals 9. a plumber: someone who fixes water pipes 10. a host of: a large number of市场失灵 --》 Correcting market failureexternalities （外部经济效果）:如空气污染，污水排放public goods monopolies ：需要政府干预 merit and demerit goods unit 23 Central banking, money and taxationValue added tax ：增值税income tax ：所得税capital transfer tax ：资产转移税 capital gains tax: 资产所得税 wealth tax: 财产税 direct tax: 直接税 indirect tax: 间接税The functions of taxation ：1. to raise revenue to finance government expenditure2. can be designed to dissuade people1. depreciation （贬值） : reducing the value of a fixed asset, by charging in against profitsprogressive tax: 累进税 regressive tax: 递减税 sales tax: 营业税fiscal policy: 财政政策tax avoidance: 逃税tax evasion: 漏税tax heave n :逃税天堂2.disincentive （挫折）: something which discourages an action3.regressive （回归的）: an adjective describing a tax that is proportionally higher for people withless money4.consumption （消费）: spending money to buy things, rather tahn saving it5.self-employed （自我创业）: working for yourself, being your own boss6.national insurance （国家保险）: a tax on incomes that pays for sickness benefit, unemploymentbenefit, and old-age pensions7.perks （福利）: non-financial benefits or advantages of a job8.tax-shelters: a way to delay the payment of tax to a later time9.tax-deductible （减税）: an adjective describing expenditures than can be taken away from taxabeincome or profit10.tax-heavens : a country offering very low tax rates to foreign businessesunit 24 Exchange ratesGovernment Economic Goals:1.Economic Growth2.Full Employment3.Price Stability4.Balance of International BudgetRMB appreciation ：（参考A+ 答案，自己可另外发挥）Positive ：1．RMB revaluation could mean the advancement of the Chinese economy in the world economy Status. 2．Appreciation of the RMB help export sectors a significant impact on foreign trade enterprises. 3．To attract foreign investment has declined and there will be more domestic enterprises to go abroad to invest and build factories.4．Conditional lower the cost of imported products.5．The domestic residents abroad reduce the cost of travel and study abroad.（teacher:1.to improve people 's purchasing power2.good for import industries3.to perfect the economic system4.to solve the inflation ）Negative1．By the impact of RMB appreciation, China's economic growth will slow.2．Affect our business and the comprehensive competitiveness of many industries.3．Not conducive to China's foreign trade enterprises exports.4．Unemployment will increase.5．The financial risk will increase.6．The inflationary pressures.7. The in crease in the loss of creditors.(teacher: 1.make aga inst the export2. make aga inst the in troduct ion of foreig n capita3. China is the greatest national debt holder of U.S..RMBappreciation will decrease 20% )Unit 25 the business cycleDefin iti onThe bus in ess cycle is the upward and dow nward moveme nt of econo mic activity that occurs around the growth trend.Expansions/con tract ions in economy StagesThe peak is the top of the bus in ess cycle. A boom is a very high peak, represe nting a big jump in output.The downturn is the phenomenon of economic activity starting to fall from a peak. A recession is a decline in output that persists for more than two consecutive quarters inayear.A depressi on is a large recessi on.A trough is the bottom of the recessi on or depressi on.An expansion is an upturn that lasts at least two consecutive quarters of a year.Internal theoriesStages ' order —redictableStage len gth/stre ngth - un predictableExter nal TheoriesUnit 26 Keynesianism and monetarism( 货币主义)external Influences匚urrent StateThe Business CycleMeeds:Objectives,Success Critei iaBenefits:Review^ Evaluate.MeasurePlanning:Strategic. Financial dnd Business PlansPeakTro ug h一亘no遛o莎竈Supply : the willingness and ability to offer goods or services for sale.Dema nd: the willi ngn ess and ability of con sumers to purchase goods and services.Market forces: supply and dema ndEquilibrium 平衡:A state of bala nee, for example whe n supply meets dema nd.Fiscal policy: gover nment or cen tral bank measures concerning the rate of growth of the money supply (the amount of money in circulation)Mon etary policy: gover nment measures concerning taxati on, public expe nditure, and so onUnit 27 the international trade1.visible: trade in goods2.in visible: trade in services (ba nking, in sura nee, tourism, and so on)3.direct excha nge of goods, without the use of money4.the differe nee betwee n what a country receives and pays for its exports and imports of goods5.the differe nee betwee n a country 'total earnings fromexports and its total expe nditure on imports6.the (impossible) situati on in which a country is completely self-sufficie nt and has no foreig n trade7.surplus (顺差): a positive bala nee of trade or payme nts8.deficit (逆差): a negative balanee of trade or payments9.sell ing goods abroad at (or below) cost price10.protectionism: imposing trade barriers in order to restrict imports11. tariff: taxes charged on imports12. quota: quantitative limits on the import of particular products or commoditiesUn it 28 econo mic and ecologyEco-economics 生态经济学Recycling Economics 循环经济Green Economics 绿色经济The Low Carbon Economy 低炭经济How Do We Create a Low Carbon Economy? Suggesti ons to Promote Low Carbon Economy1. Promote awareness about impact of climate change.2. Use Ren ewable sources of en ergy3. Use CNG based public tran sport system4. Metro rail and car shari ng practices.5. Enhance role of n uclear and hydropower6. Afforestati on and land restoratio n.7. Adopt En ergy efficie ncy labeli ng system8. Use Biogas and solar devices.9. Boost en ergy related R & DUn it 29 In formati on tech no logy and electro nic commerce What is E-commerce ?The most successful compa nies embrace the In ternet as a mecha nism for tran sform ing their compa nies and for cha nging everyth ing about the way they do bus in ess.O Sus tnes s t Q busines s supp o rt 」Ltetrari (fcusin&ss 姐」? MEM □ (Mcdi ating and Monil aring E ? Secvif e c ofttracts (ICC)心Bolcro (de 匚tronic dacumentsupporf)HO Markets-1Automot ive in du stiy < c cilk ctivc tuying)^Retail warld-'Insuianc e private ext hang 巳 cf virtual products*"Unit 30 Entrepreneurs and venture capitalVenture capital: is a subset of private equity, made for the launch, early development or expansion of a business.ECAPPLICATIONS1. Supply cha in man ageme nt2. Home shopp ing3. Remote banking4. On-li ne marketi ng and advertising5. Dista nt lear ning6. Procureme nt and purchas ingGive some example of EC: B-C :RetailInternet bookshop CDNowShopp ing malls Auctio nsCollective buyingFinanceESI (stock market)Electro nic1. Market opportunity : The possibility of providing a new product or service to satisfyparticular needs.2. High net worth individuals : People with a lot of money at their disposal.3.Risk averse: Adjective describing investors who do mot want to take risks with their money.4.Listed: Adjective describing companies whose shares are traded on the stock exchange.5.Fee: Money paid to professional people for a job of work done.6.Equity : Another word for stocks or shares: a company 's capital7.Running costs : The day-to-day expenses of operating a business.8.Market penetration : The attempt to increase or maximize sales, and get a large number ofcustomers.9.Non- executive directors : Directors, who do not work full time for a company, but adviseit about strategic issues.。

商务英语Unit 1课文B入世后中国面临的挑战经济全球化不可逆转。

历史经验告诉中国不要因为害怕挑战而闭关自锁。

任何国家都不能逃避由国际竞争与合作所带来的变化。

中国加入世贸组织带来了根本性变化，代表着中国对外改革开放迈上了一个新台阶。

在世贸组织的框架内，中国所要面对的基本要求和义务就是遵守世贸组织的一系列国际条款。

也就是说，中国的经济活动和国际贸易必须遵守体现先进的现代市场经济的国际规则。

这种先进文化能消除贫困、愚昧并带来财富。

然而，现代市场经济与计划经济中形成的中国传统观点和思维模式并不兼容。

中国面临的挑战难以避免地主要表现在思维、管理和经济运行机制等许多方面。

计划经济下形成的传统思想会发生巨大的变化。

例如，看到有人变得富有，人们会认为是因为腐败，受贿和裙带的关系；有时，人们也会轻视私有或者集体经济；所有这一切主要是因为中国经济传统上轻视商业的原因。

我们所面临的挑战就是要改变人们不合时宜的想法，为私有和集体经济创造良好的法律、政策、财政、人性化和公众性的社会环境。

只有如此，中国企业才能增强竞争力，以免入世后被外国企业所击败。

中国经济面临来自管理活动中政府干预太多的挑战。

中国政府所要做的就是要改善管理经济的能力以应对市场经济体制的需求。

人们逐渐认识到计划经济模式下通过政府垄断不能保持好现代经济系统的正常运作。

解决这些问题的唯一途径就是下放权力，给与企业更多的独立自主权，允许它们面向市场。

将政府直接管理经济转变为间接的宏观经济调控例如政企职责分开，减少政府干预企业的经济活动，取消指令性计划代之以税收，信用和汇率等经济手段。

从市场经济的角度来看，计划经济的传统结构应进一步打破，政府与市场的关系也应合理重构，破除行政垄断以促进经济发展和社会进步，改善道德规范和国家竞争意识，增强企业的国际竞争力。

为应对入世挑战，中国一直寻求并采用有效的措施以调整国内经济，如：1、保持适当的经济增长速度；2、调整好经济结构与发展新型产业；3、加强环境建设和环境保护；4、推动农业产业化提高农民收入；5、建立社会保障体系；6、解决好失业问题；7、推进城市化进程；8、深化体制改革转变政府职能；0、建立现代企业制度；10、创造良好政治环境发展私有企业和中小型企业。

商务英语复习资料I．Put the following Chinese into English1.商品目录catalogue2.销售网点sales outlets3.分批装运partial shipments4.装运单据shipping documents5.保险费premium6.已装船通知shipping advice7.租船charter8.商业信用trader’s credit9.我们通常要求用不可撤销的即期信用证付款。

We usually require payment to be madeby irrevocable sight L/C.10.请将所需款项记入我方账户的借方。

Please debit the amount required to our account.11.（资信）证明人referee12. 做工；工艺workmanship）13. 可供数量quantity available14. 实盘a firm offer1 5. 轻工业产品light industrial products16.单证documents17. 短装short shipment18. 小保单insurance certificateII．Put the following English into Chinese1.nude cargo裸装货物2.valid for negotiation in China在中国议付有效3.tramp不定期船商务英语复习资料第 1 页（共12页）4.warning marks警告性标志5.open cover policy预约保险单6.documents against payment付款交单7.packing list装箱单8.pamphlet小册子9.Our tablecloths are reasonable in price, good in quality and fine in workmanship. 本公司经营的台布物美价廉，工艺精湛10.One of our clients in Vancouver is in the market for a parcel of 500 pounds of Chinesegreen tea. 我方在温哥华的一位客户想买一批数量为500磅的中国绿茶。

商务英语翻译I. Multiple Choice (20 points, 2 points for each)1. Rising damp, if not treated effectively, could in time cause extensive damage to the structure of your home, ruin decoration and furniture.A. 如果处理不当，墙内潮气最终可能会对房屋的结构造成大面积破坏，毁掉装修和家具。

B. 如果处理不当，墙内潮气最终可能会对房屋的结构、装修以及家具造成大面积破坏和损害。

C. 如果处理不当，墙内的潮湿气体准时可能会对房屋的结构造成大面积破坏，毁掉装修和家具。

D. 如果处理不当，墙内的潮湿气体准时可能会对房屋的结构、装修以及家具造成大面积破坏。

2. This contract is entered into as of the seventh day of March, 2002, by and between Lonk Co. Ltd., a corporation organized under the laws of the United States of America (hereinafter called the "Purchaser"), and Wingo Co. Group, a corporation organized under the laws of the People’s Republic of China ( hereinafter called the "Seller").A. 2002年3月7日，本合同由依照美国法律成立的龙科有限公司[以下简称甲方]和依照中华人民共和国法律成立的文果集团公司[以下简称乙方]订立。

B. 本合同由依照美国法律成立的龙科有限公司[以下简称甲方]和依照中华人民共和国法律成立的文果集团公司[以下简称乙方]之间于2002年3月7日订立。

bec商务英语复习资料BEC商务英语复习资料商务英语考试（BEC）是一项旨在评估个人在商务环境中的英语语言能力的考试。

对于那些希望在国际商务领域取得成功的人来说，通过BEC考试是一项重要的成就。

本文将为您提供一些BEC商务英语复习资料，帮助您更好地准备考试。

第一部分：商务英语听力商务英语听力是BEC考试的重要组成部分。

在这一部分中，考生需要听取商务场景的对话和讲话，并回答相关问题。

为了提高听力能力，考生可以通过以下方式进行复习：1. 听商务英语广播和播客：商务英语广播和播客提供了大量真实的商务场景对话和讲话。

通过反复听取这些材料，考生可以熟悉商务英语的用词和表达方式。

2. 参加商务英语听力训练班：有许多培训机构提供商务英语听力训练班，通过参加这些班级，考生可以接受专业的指导和训练，提高自己的听力技巧。

第二部分：商务英语阅读商务英语阅读是BEC考试的另一个重要组成部分。

在这一部分中，考生需要阅读商务文档，如报告、公告和邮件，并回答相关问题。

以下是一些提高商务英语阅读能力的方法：1. 阅读商务新闻和杂志：商务新闻和杂志提供了大量的商务英语材料。

考生可以通过阅读这些材料，了解商务领域的最新动态，并提高自己的阅读理解能力。

2. 解答商务英语阅读理解题：商务英语阅读理解题可以帮助考生熟悉考试题型，并提高自己的解题能力。

考生可以通过解答真实的商务英语阅读理解题，熟悉常见的问题类型和解题技巧。

第三部分：商务英语写作商务英语写作是BEC考试的另一个重要组成部分。

在这一部分中，考生需要根据给定的商务场景，撰写报告、备忘录或邮件等商务文档。

以下是一些提高商务英语写作能力的方法：1. 阅读商务英语写作指南：商务英语写作指南提供了撰写商务文档的基本规范和技巧。

考生可以通过阅读这些指南，了解商务英语写作的要求，并提高自己的写作能力。

2. 练习商务英语写作：考生可以通过练习写商务文档，如报告、备忘录和邮件，来提高自己的写作能力。

Unit One Company ProfilesPart I Words and Expressions外资企业foreign enterprise合资企业joint venture合作企业cooperative enterprise龙头企业 a locomotive国有企业state-owned enterprise私营企业privately-owned enterprise荣誉企业honorable enterprise优质企业qualified enterprisei级企业class A enterprise跨国公司multinational company母公司parent company子公司subsidiary company总公司head office分公司branch office代表处representative offices上市公司listed company私人股份有限公司private limited company拳头产品core product环保型产品environment-friendly product专业生产经营specialize in, en gage in, handle a range of business in eluding...占地面积cover an area of...年产量with an annual output具有自营进出口权being entitled to self-import and self-export rights奉行坚持•.原则；以••宗旨，在…方针指导下abide by the principles of •••, adhere to the aims of・・・，based on the motto of thecompany产品销往products have been distributed to获得奖项rank the titles•通过ISO9000质杲认证be granted the Certificate.of IS09000 International Quality System1)The amount of money a company receives from sales in a particular period is called itsturnover,2)The money a company makes after taking away its costs is its profit.3)A company which is more than 50% owned by a parent company called a subsidiary・4)The employees in a particular country or business are called the workforce.5)The percentage of sales a company has in a particular market is its mart© share.6)The main building or location of a large organization is its head office.7)The cost of a company's shares is its share price.Part II Something you may talk about when describing a company1)When it was started2)the company's line of business3 ) its products 4) Its sales figures5) the total number of employees 6)its headquarters7) Whether it does business overseas ・8) Where its plants are located (a manufacturing company). 9) How many branches or retail outlets it has (a retail organization).10) Whether it sells business-to-business, or whether it's a retail organization selling to consumers ・ Example:A: Could you tell us something about your company?B: Our company, established in 197& has now become one of the leading exporters of kitchen appliances inour countiy.A. Where are your headquarters/ head office ? / Where is the company based? B: Our head office is in Hong Kong ・A: What are your main products?/ What line of business are you in? B: Our company makes/ manufactures/ turns out kitchen appliances ・ A: What about the size of your company?B: We have 10 specialist subsidiaries at home and 6 permanent representative offices abroad ・ We've also setup more than 20 joint ventures in the home market.A: That's unbelievable ・ Then how many employees work in your company? B: The total number of employees is around 3,500. A: What are the company's annual turnover? B: Total sales last year were around $600,500,000.Part III Match the sectors to the examples of products or services they offer.Unit 2 Product PresentationPart I1・ Definition: What is a presentation?Reference answer: A presentation, in the broadest sense, is every encounter you have with every person you ever meet. It's when you sit squirming in an interviewees chair trying to be eloquent when you are asked why you left your last job. More specifically, however, when we talk about the business presentation, it could mean1. chemicals2. construction3. finance4. IT5. media6. pharmaceuticals7. retailing& telecommunications 9. transport10. vehicle manufacturingA. computer programmingB. supermarkets C ・ plastics D. cancer drugs E. bridges F. credit cards G. air services H. trucksI. women' s magazines J. telephone serviceswhenever you are asked to appear in front of one or more people for the purpose of explaining, educating, convincing, or otherwise conveying information to them, you have a presentation・2.Presentation Tips3 Basic Presentation Structure1) Introduction (——Topic i——s Outline i——s Part 1(——Part 2 (——Part 3/4 eic. i——sSummary (——s Conclusion (——％ Inviting questionsPart II Language focus and vocabularya)Introduction:Good morning. My name's ... Pm the marketing managerGood aftemoon. Pm Peter Johnson, I represent the ABC CorporationLadies and Gentlemen, it^s an honor to have the opportunity to ・•・.Welcome to our company. I know Fve met some of you, but just for the benefit of those I have if t, my name's ・・・b)TopicFd like to talk to you about...I'm going to present the recent development of •…The subject of my talk is・・・The focus of my presentation is ...c)Outline / main partsFve divided my presentation into four parts. They are...PH be dealing with three areas・The subject can be looked at under the following headings・・・We can break this area down into the following fields: firstly... secondly ・・・ thirdly ・・・ finally... d) SummaryPH briefly summarize the main issues ・ To sum up..・ In brief...・ e) ConclusionAs you can see, there are some very good reasons... I'd like to leave you with the following idea. In conclusion..・ f) Inviting questionsFd be glad to try and answer any questions.And now, if there are any questions, I'll be happy to answer them. If you have any questions I'll try to answer them.The structure of the oral presentation is crucial for one main reason: once you have articulated a statement, the audience cannot "rehear" yvhat you have said. In reading, when you do not understand a sentence or paragraph, you can stop and reread the passage as many times as necessary. When you are speaking, however; the audience must be able to follow your meaning and understand it without having to stop and consider a particular point you have made, thereby missing later statements that you make as you move through your presentation. To help your audience follow what you say easily, you must design your presentation with your audience, particularly their listening limitations, in mind. 承蒙盛情邀请 at the gracious invitation of 年会 annual meeting商界的朋友们 friends from the business community 营销报告会 marketing presentation销售代农 sales representative 销售记录 sales record 顾客满意度 customers^ satisfaction 生产商 manufacUim批发商 mcrcharH wholesaler佣金商 commission agent经销渠道 distribution channel 战略营销 strategic marketing潜在的风险和机遇 potential threats and opportunities 销售业绩 sales performancePresentations are comiTiunicating with an audience in a format in which one or more senders present a sef of infonnalion io one or more receivers. This sounds like a very broad definition and a little confusing, but presentations have evolved to be very complicated in today's world ・ You may be called on to present using no equipment, or you may have a whiteboard, slide projector, overhead projector, or beam project available ・ It is becoming more common now to have a virtual presentation over the Internet using some software that allows display of your presentation through a presentation or meeting client or standard browser window. In almost all cases, though, foirnal presentations follow the IrHnx Message and Summary formal. In each of the cases above, your presentation of the presentation materials will take a different amount of time and require different skills. If you are making a live presentation to a large crowd, you should prepare well organized维持升l 幅 to sustain an increase 保持不变 to remain constant/stable 止值…之际 onlhe occasion of到达最高点to reach a peak 降到最低点 to bottom out/level out 代表 on the behalf of 零售商retailer服务代理商 facilitating agent 营销冃标 marketing objective H 标山场 target market 可控因素 controllablecomponentsmaterials with strong graphics and sharpen your public speaking skills.Many people say the future of presentation technology will involve beam projectors and the Intemet. Beam projectors used to be extremely expensive, but prices have come down sharply in recent years to the point that they are now affordable for even small companies. The Internet is becoming a more and more popular place for people to present ideas in a structured format. The development of technologies for higher quality transmission of audio and video will make the future of Internet presentations a richer experience・Part III Follow-up practice1T ry to explain the following words and phrases in English and make sentences2Fill in the blanks with the words and phrases.1)The computer company was forced to reduce prices to keep its _______________ ・2)The ______________ tor a product is affected by its price・3)Please give me a ___________ of those income tax totals by age groups・4)We will _____ our campaign at young ho me-buyers ・5)As I was in haste to leave for a meeting yesterday, I just _______________ this list of figures and dicing notice it.6)____________ we found out what really happened to our last delivery.7)The launch date for this new product is the first of May 2006 and will then __________________ t oour main retail outlets・8)Mr Brown ___________________ to set up a branch in London.9)Please fill in the form ______________ and post it to us.10)If you have fountain pens ________ , please send us some samples.11)They referred to your service ____________ h igh praise.12)We have changed our packaging to appeal to all age groups in order to obtain maximum13)These items ______ at £5.99.14)The closing of the old store _______________ with the opening of the new shopping plaza.15)The agricultural ________ in western nations is highly subsidized・Key: 1) market share 2) market demand 3) breakdown 4) target 5) ran through 6) at long last 7) be distributed 8) was commissioned 9) at your leisure 10) in stock 11) in terms of 12) market penetration 13) retail 14) synchronized 15) sectorPart IV Translation1.This model of typewriter is efficient and endurable, economical and practical for middle schoolstudents.这款打字机工作效率高，经久耐用，并用又经济实用，非常适合中学生使用。

Unit 11. A: We are thinking of placing an order for Chinese tea from your company.B: Which would you prefer, black tea or green tea?A: Both are very popular in my country. Could I have a look at your samples and taste them?B: Sure. This is Oolong Tea from Fujian and Longjing Tea from Xihu…A: They are very good in color and flavor. No wonder so many people enjoy your tea. Could you give me some indication of your price?B: Here is our price list. All the prices on the list are subject to our final confirmation.2. A: Good morning, sir.B: Good morning. I’ve seen your catalogue and I’m interested in yourFlying Pigeon Bicycle. I think this type of bicycle will have a ready market in Canada. This is a list of my requirements. Could you quote us your lowest price CIF Vancouver?A: We generally quote on an FOB basis. Just a moment, I’ll work it out for you.3. A: Hello!B: Hello! I’ve seen your catalogue and I’m interested in these products. A: You chose well. These products are selling well in your neighboring countries. I believe they will have a ready market at your end.B: Could I have a look at your samples?A: Sure. Here you are.B: Your products are very good. I’m considering placing an order as long as your terms and conditions are acceptable.A: Here is our price list. These products are in great demand at present. So place your order early if at all possible.Unit 21. A: Here is our offer for 1000 cases of jasmine tea.B: Well, your price is too high. It’ll be difficult for us to make any sales. A: You must be aware that the price of jasmine tea has been increasing.B: But Vietnamese suppliers give a lower price than yours.A: Every one in the trade knows that Chinese jasmine tea is far more superior.B: I don’t deny the quality of your jasmine tea. But competition is keen. Many suppliers are in fact cutting theirprices to try to attract more customers and get a larger market share.A: So far, our product can handle the competition well. We’ve had many orders and more are coming. It just shows that our product is competitive and our price is attractive.2. A: Here is our price list. All the prices are subject to our final confirmation.B: By the way, do you allow any commission?A: Well, our prices are quoted on an FOB net basis. As a rule, we don’t allow any commission.B: But you know, we’re a commissioned agent. We do business on a commission basis. Commission transactions will surely help to push the sales of your products.A: Yet your order is really not largeenough.B: What quantity would you consider to be a large order?A: USD 500 000 or above.B: Wow, really substantial. Well, My Chen, this is our first transaction. Can you be more flexible and offer us more favorable terms? It might be possible for us to establish a long-term relationship.A: OK. We would grant you a 3% commission if you place an order of USD 400 000.B: We appreciate your concession very much. However, we can usually get a 5% commission from our European suppliers.A: Mr. Green, our price itself is already favorable. It’s for our long-term business relationship that we make this exception. This is the best we can do.B: All right, we’ll have to accept it.3. A: Mr. Wright, here is our offer for 5000 metric tons of Grade A red beans, USD175 per metric ton, CIFC5% Rotterdam.B: Your price is on the high side, Mr. Zhang. It’s impossible for us to conclude any transactions at this price. A: I don’t know why you think so. Frankly speaking, we wouldn’t quote you such a low price if you were not our regular customer. I bet you cannot get such a favorable price from other suppliers.B: We got an offer from a Thailand supplier yesterday. Their price is 3% lower.A: You must take the quality of the red beans into consideration. Every one in this trade is well aware that Chinese Grade A red beans is of superior quality. So the price of Grade A commodities of course must be higher than those ofinferior quality. Besides, there is a strong demand for Grade A red beans.A lot of orders are pouring in from all over the world. Most of the importers think that our offer is reasonable. I believe you’ll make a profit buying at this price.4. A: Your price is 5% higher than that of the last transaction.B: You know production cost has increased a great deal recently. We also need to consider upward trends when we fix the price.A: But it will be very difficult for us to persuade our clients to buy at such a price. You’ll have to reduce your price by at least 10%.B: Your counter-offer is far beyond my reach. We can’t stand such a big cut. A: We make this counter-offer based on the offers from other suppliers. We made enquiries to several suppliers atthe same time and found that your price is higher than the other suppliers.B: Could we just put this problem aside? Could you give me an idea of the size of your order first?A: It will largely depend on the price you offer. If you could make a 10% reduction, we would place an immediate order of 100 000 pieces.B: All right. Shall we move together? We’ll reduce the price by 7% on the condition that you increase your order to 200 000 pieces. This is our rock bottom price.A: Ok. Let’s call it a deal.Unit 31.A: We’ve received your enquiry, Mr.Smith. But we are sorry to tell you that the goods you asked about are out of stock. You’ll have to wait for two months.B: Two months is far too long. Our customers need the goods urgently.A: There is nothing we can do. Our products have been well received due to their high quality and reasonable prices. So demands often exceed supplies. Though we have tried to speed up production, we still cannot meet the increasing demand. So I’d like to recommend to you the HRF-279.B: Our clients are familiar with GBS-112, but not HRF-279. How do I know that it will sell well in our market?A: Don’t worry. The HRF-279 has been selling well in Europe and in Southeast Asian countries in recent years. I’m sure it will have a ready market at your end.B: I hope so.2.(On the phone)A: We have received your sample and are very satisfied with it. We plan to place a trial order for 5000 sets. The order form will reach you tomorrow. B: We’re glad to accept your order. May I remind you that the sample should be added as part of the first shipment?A: No problem. Whenever we place an order, we always ask for a sale by sample agreement, so we can be sure of the quality of the product.B: Don’t worry. Our products are always as good as the samples we send. A: Great. If they sell well I our market,I can promise you that substantial orders will follow.3.A: Hi! Long time, no see. How isbusiness?B: Not bad. How is everything?A: It’s the off-season now, since spring festival has just passed. I found that your sales of bicycles have been falling off lately, haven’t they?B: That’s because we have switched to automobile accessories.A: Are you still handling bicycles?B: I am, but not on a large scale. Are you thinking of placing an order for some bicycles?A: I’m considering placing an order for 50 000 units if your price is fair.UNIT 41.A: When shall we open the L/C?B: The L/C must reach us one month before shipment. Since the goods are supplied from stock, you’d better open the L/C as soon as possible, otherwise it may delay the shipment.A: shipment, it’ll tie up our money. Would 15 days do?B: I’m afraid not. It’ll take us a lot of time to get the goods ready and book shipping space. You can’t expect us to make delivery within 15 days.A: When are you going to ship the goods?B: The goods will be ready at the end of January. So if the L/C would reach us by January 1, we could deliver the goods in early February.A: Do you have any stipulations on the validity of the L/C?B: We generally require the L/C toremain valid until the fifteenth day after shipment.A: Can we use Citibank as our opening bank?B: No problem at all.2.A: Mr. Smith, I’m Chen Qiang of theGuangdong Silk Import & Export Corporation. I’d like to talk to you regarding your order No.123-456.B: Is there anything wrong?A: Well, shipping space is all booked up. I’m afraid we can’t deliver the goods on time. Could you extend the L/C until the end of this month?B: No problem, but please try your best to solve the problem. The goods are seasonal commodities;we’ll have to meet the Christmas selling season.A: We’ll try our best to ensure delivery in Mid-October.B: Thank you very much.A: That’s all right.3.A:S O far we have already settled the problems of price, quality and quantity. Now what about the terms of payment? B: We only accept payment by irrevocable letter of credit payable against shipping documents.A: Could you be more flexible and accept D/A OR D/P?B: I’m afraid not.A: Frankly speaking, we have overstocked some other goods, and our floating funds are insufficient. It’ll tie up our money to open an L/C.B: I quite understand your position. But the problem is that the world economic situation is going downward and the financial market is fluctuating. We have to do business on an L/C basis so as to guarantee payment.A: Then could you accept 50% payment by L/C and the balance by D/P?B: Sorry, we are not in a position to do that, yet we could offer you more favorable terms of delivery instead. UNIT 51. A: The safety of packing is something we always pay a lot of attention to. Especially for fragile commodities, we’ve got to be extra careful. Otherwise, if something unexpected happened, we’d be responsible and it would cause you a lot of inconvenience, too.B: You’re right. But wouldn’t it be safer to use wooden cases?A: Surely we can if you want us to, but the charge would be much higher.B: Then, let’s keep using cartons.A: Sure, no problem. Cartons are goodenough for goods like this. You don’t have to worry about it.2. A: I’m so glad that we have the chance to do business together.B: Me, too.A: I made this special trip here this time hoping to have a look at the packing of our products because in the last shipment we received, there were a few items damaged by dampness.B: I’m sorry for that. But we have taken care of it and improved the packing.A: Could you be more specific?B: Although we are still using cartons, we have taken measures to prevent them from dampness. We have lined with with plastic sheets on the inside. In addition, we’ve put a “Keep Dry”sign on the outside.A: That sounds good.A: Do you mind if I give you a little suggestion about the inner packing of the products?B: Not at all. Go ahead.A: Packing affects the reputation of the products, and one important function of packing is to stimulate people’s desire to buy. In addition, packing should give the buyer an idea of what is packed inside. Your products are good, but your packing doesn’t look attractive enough to the buyer.B: Thank you very much. That’s a good suggestion and it happens to coincide with our own. We have just improved our packing.A: Great! Would you let me have a look?B: Sure thing. Let’s go to the sample room.UNIT 61.T he shipping facilities at this port have been much improved. There won’t be any trouble.2.T he lengths of our containers range from 10 to 40 feet. They can take loads from 2 to 16 tons respectively.3.I t is essential to choose the right means of transportation.4.T ankers are usually oil carriers, and are like bulk carriers which transport bulk consignments such as grain, wheat and ores.5.A s your order is a large one, we are not in a position to book enough shipping space, so we hope you will agree to partial shipment.6.C an we get our bill of lading now?7.P lease fill out the Export Cargo Packing Instructions and the Export Cargo Packing Declaration here.8.W hen the goods are received on the dock, you will get a dock receipt. Once the goods are on board the ship, you will get a mate’s receipt. And if the goods are taken on board in good condition, bills will be marked “clean”, otherwise, “dirty”or “claused”.9.W e have various shipping facilities that can meet different requirements. What’s the weight and length of your consignment?10.We advise the consignment be sent by express trains to ensure prompt delivery.11.A: Hello, this is Tom Smith from ABC company. I’d like to have a word with Mr. Lin Ming.B: Good morning, Mr. Smith. This is Lin Ming. Speaking, please.A: Well, I’d like to know when can you ship the goods?B: In February, I think.A: That’s too late, is there any possibility for you to advance the shipment to December?B: I’m afraid not, Mr. Smith. You know, there are only two direct steamers sailing for your port, and the shipping is booked up from now to the end of January.A: Oh, that’s too bad. We are in urgent need of the goods, you know. February is the selling season for this commodity. In order to meet the season, we hope you can deliver the goods before the end of December. B: Is there any chance of transshipment being allowed?A: Well, transshipment will prolong the delivery and is likely to cause damage. So, we still hope a direct shipment could be arranged.B: The trouble is that it is impossible to book shipping space. I’m afraid we can do nothing.A: Then, when is the earliest time we can expect shipment?B: The beginning of February, I’m afraid. But I’ll keep trying. We will keep contacting the shipping company. As soon as shipping space is available, we’ll let you know immediately.A: Thank you. Then, I won’t hold you up. Good-bye.B: Good-bye.UNIT 71.The purpose of insurance is toguarantee the safety of goods and to protect the interest of the insured.2.Total loss only (TLO) refers to thetotal loss of the consignment of goods in transit because of natural disaster or accidents.3.With Particular Average (WPA) notonly covers total loss under the terms of TLO, but also covers partial loss.4.According to international tradeconventions, the buyer is responsible for premiums for additional coverage / extraneous risks.5.As a rule, we don’t cover themunless you want to.6.Generally speaking, the buyer buysthe additional coverage forextraneous risks only when hefeels it necessary.7.The insurance is valid for only 60days after the insured goods areunloaded at the final port ofloading / discharge.8.An insurance claim must be madewithin nine months after thegoods are unloaded at the finalport of loading / discharge.9.Since our price is based on CFR,you’ll take care of the insuranceyourself.10.Under the terms of FOB, thebuyer buys the insurance on thegoods; or this can be done by anauthorized seller.11.Is insurance included in this price?/ Does this price include theinsurance?12.Before we decide on the price, wewould like to know what kind ofinsurance you are going to buy. 13.Our insurance coverage is for110% of the invoice value up to the port of destination.14.As you might know, ChinaCommodity Inspection Bureau enjoys an international reputation for impartiality.15.All kinds of insurance can beprovided by the People’s Insurance Company of China. Unit 81.A: The goods were in perfectcondition when they left here.B: According to our survey report, the damage was caused by poor packing.2.A: Please look into the matter andhave the case settled immediately.B: We’ll get in touch with the shipping company and see what can be done.3.A: We have to file a claim againstyou for USD10,000.B: We’ll certainly entertain a claim if it is supported by adequate documents.4.A: The goods you sent us are belowour usual standard.B: Our products are up to the international standard.5.A: The goods we received lastmonth are inferior in quality to those you delivered in the past.B: I’m sorry that the quality of our goods did not turn out to be satisfactory.6.A: We are glad to have settled theclaim in such a friendly way and appreciate your kind assistanceB: I do hope this minor incident will not affect our future business.7.A: The quality of this lot of goodsis so far below the standard that we cannot use them for our purpose.B: This comes as a complete surprise. We have never had a complaint of this kind.8.A: Our analysis was made on theretained samples.B: Well, I’m afraid we’ll have to have the retained samples re-checked before we settle it.9.A: Since we concluded thebusiness on a CIF basis, I have to file a claim with you for the losses.B: I’m sorry that we cannot accept your claim, as the loss is beyond your insurance coverage.10.A: Here’s the inspection reportmade by the Health Officers in London.B: This is a really unfortunate accident. But, all our goods had been certified as good in quality and well-packed.。

1. 汉译英(1) 没有一种企业结构能够适合所有的企业，每种结构都有利有弊。

There is not one business structure that suits every business and each structure has advantages and disadvantages.(2) 采用有限责任公司作为企业的介质可以将你的企业与自己的个人事务分清楚，公司结构在顾客和供应商看来也显得更加专业。

Using a limited liability company as your business medium will allow you to keep your business distinct from your personal affairs and a corporate structure might appear more professional to customers and suppliers.(3) 创办企业最简单的方法就是独资经营。

你可以完全控制自己的企业，而且税后的利润也全都归你所有。

The simplest way to start up a business is as a sole trader. You will have complete control over your business and all profits after tax will go to you.(4) 一般情况下公司的运营成本要比合伙经营和独资经营高很多。

Generally, the running costs of a company can be significantly more than those of a partnership or a sole trader.(5) 你应当依据你的企业性质采用能够使你达成自己企业目标的组织结构。

Depending on the nature of your business, you should adopt an organizational structure that enables you to meet your business objectives.(1) 要永远记住自己想要成功的决心比其他任何事情都更为重要。