研究生期末考试专业英语试题

研究生英语考什么-英语考试有什么题型〔考研〕中报考英语专业的考生，初试考核科目为：政治(分值100)、基础英语(分值150分)、综合英语或专业课(分值150分)以及第二外语(分值100)共四门。

如果想具体了解研究生英语考什么，那无妨接着往下看吧!英语专业考研和考研英语是不同的，主要是考试的内容和针对的考生。

英语专业考研是针对报考英语专业研究生的考生而进行的，考核科目为：政治(分值100)、基础英语(分值150分)、综合英语或专业课(分值150分)以及第二外语(分值100)共四门。

考研英语是针对那些报考非英语专业的考生所进行的英语水平测试，是统一出题，主要考查大学英语的基本知识，包括完型、阅读、新题型、翻译、写作等五部分，卷面分值为100，与政治(分值为100)和其他两门专业课(分值分别为150分)共同构成了研究生入学考试的四大科目。

英语专业初试的4门课程中，只有政治一门是统一命题，其他3门都是个招生单位自己出题(各别语种属于统考，但是这类学校一般很少并且会提前在招生说明中说明)。

2研究生英语考试有什么题型英语(一)考试试题分三部分，共52题，包括英语知识运用、阅读理解和写作。

第一部分英语知识运用：该部分不仅考查考生对不同语境中规范的语言要素(包括词汇、表达方式和结构)的掌握程度，而且还考查考生对语段特征(如连贯性和一致性等)的辨识能力等。

共20小题，每题0.5分，共10分。

在一篇240~280词的文章中留出20个空白，要求考生从每题给出的4个选项中选出最正确答案，使补全后的文章意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。

第二部分阅读理解：该部分由a、b、c三节组成，考查考生理解书面英语的能力。

共30小题，每题2分，共60分。

a节(20小题)：主要考查考生理解主旨要义、具体信息、概念性含义，进行有关的推断、推理和引申，依据上下文推测生词的词义等能力。

要求考生依据所提供的4篇(总长度约为1600词)文章的内容，从每题所给出的4个选项中选出最正确答案。

考研英语204是什么意思全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）科目代码为20 4。

我们说的考研英语204就是指考研英语二。

它针对的是一些报考专业学位硕士不考英语（一）的学生的一套考研英语试卷。

试题分四部分，共48题，包括英语知识运用、阅读理解、英译汉和写作。

完全适用英语二的专业：学硕：无。

专硕：7类专业硕士适用。

工商管理（1251）、公共管理（1252）、会计（1253）、旅游管理（1254）、图书情报（1255）、工程管理（1256）、审计（0257）。

考研前面代码204什么意思1、考研前面代码204是初试科目的代码。

2、考研初试科目英语二的科目代码是204。

3、研究生初试的每一科都有一个对应的代码以便区分，科目代码不同则科目的名称和要求也不一样。

如201表示英语一；204表示英语二。

通常学硕考201，专硕考204。

考研英语204相当于什么水平考研英语比CET六级水平还要更高，但是比专业八级又略简单一些。

不过主要还是看考的哪一门英语，考研英语分为英语1和英语2，英语1的难度比英语2还要高很多，英语2的话略高于六级考研英语204就是指考研英语二。

考研英语（二）主要是高等院校和科研院为招收不考英语（一）的专业学位硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的统考科目。

考研英语204是什么意思全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）科目代码为20 4。

我们说的考研英语204就是指考研英语二。

它针对的是一些报考专业学位硕士不考英语（一）的学生的一套考研英语试卷。

试题分四部分，共48题，包括英语知识运用、阅读理解、英译汉和写作。

完全适用英语二的专业：学硕：无。

专硕：7类专业硕士适用。

工商管理（1251）、公共管理（1252）、会计（1253）、旅游管理（1254）、图书情报（1255）、工程管理（1256）、审计（0257）。

(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：211总分值：100科目名称：翻译硕士英语Part I Vocabulary and Grammar (30 points: 20 for Section A, and 10 for Section B)Section A: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence.1.Andrew wanted to be transferred to another department, but her application was _____because her own department is understaffed.A.turned downB. turned overC. turned awayD. turnedoff2.Helen’s been neglecting her homework lately. I’ll _____ with her parents about it.A.have wordsB. have a wordC. have the wordD. have the lastword3.______ more societies are geared to retirement at around 65, companies have a loomingproblem of knowledge management.A.Given thatB. ProvidedC. UnlessD. While4.Psychologists maintain that the nature of human beings entails a strong need to _____their free time; idleness can be as stressful as activity.A.endangerB. preserveC. consumeD. organize5._____ age twenty, Robert Kelly left KCRA, Inc. to enroll _____ the University ofCalifornia at Davis.A. at; atB. at; inC. upon; inD. on; at6.We had the unmeasured _____ of the enemy and their air attack still beating upon us.A. threatenB. misfortuneC. flinchD. menace7.I _____ the Head Master’s permission to alter darker to sterner. “Not less we praise insterner days.”A. have obtainedB. acquireC. had possessedD. contained8.AIDS is said __________ the number-one killer of both men and women over the pastfew years in that region.A. beingB. to beC. to have beenD. having been(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：211总分值：100科目名称：翻译硕士英语9.Sometimes he was brilliant; sometimes he was maddeningly tiresome. The underlinedword means ________.A. exhaustingB. dullC. annoyingD. bored10.Uncle Bubba was tough, kind, funny, and scary all _________ one, which was just whatDan and I needed.A. mix intoB. merged intoC. fixed intoD. rolled into11.In fact, as he approached his beloved daughter, he only barely resisted the________ to stroke her pretty soft hair.A. impulseB. intuitionC. instinctD. incentive12.The price of the organic vegetable will vary according to how far it has to betransported and how expensive the freight ________ is.A. paymentB. chargeC. fundD. price13.As the temperature dropped abruptly, the campers were ________ all overwith cold.A. spinningB. shiveringC. shakingD. staggering14.The English language contains a (an) ________ of words which are comparativelyseldom used in ordinary conversation.A. altitudeB. latitudeC. multitudeD. attitude15.The mayor expressed his heart-felt gratitude through the reporters for the timelyassistance and support the people from other cities had kindly ________ to hiscitizens.A. renderedB. securedC. soughtD. furnished16.The younger person’s attraction to stereos cannot be explained only ________familiarity with technology.A. by means ofB. in terms ofC. in quest ofD. by virtue of17.Lucy ________ going back to school since she saved enough money, but she hasn’tdecided yet.A.consideredB. had consideredC.is going to considerD. has been considering(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：211总分值：100科目名称：翻译硕士英语18.Many reporters hurried to the airport, ________ that the superstar had already left.A.had been toldB. being toldC.only to be toldD. unfortunately told19.Once you become a soldier, you will be given a monthly ________ by the army.A. incomeB. allowanceC. wageD. salary20.The Olympic Games ________ in 776 B. C. in Olympia, a small town in Greece.A. originatedB. stemmedC. derivedD. descendedSection B: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked, A, B, C, and D You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. In Cambodia the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends, 21 those of the young women, but also a matchmaker. A young man can 22 a likely spouse on his own and them ask his parents to 23 the marriage negotiations. or the young man’s parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection. 24 , a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. 25 a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying 26 a good family. The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days 27 by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and 28 prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, 29 cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride’s and groom’s wrists, and 30 a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the 31 . Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife’s parents and may 32 with them up to a year, 33 they can build a flew house nearby. Divorce is legal and easy to 34 , but not common .Divorced persons are 35 with some disapproval. Each spouse retains 36 property he or she 37 into the marriage, and jointly –acquired property is 38 equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice 39 up .The divorced male doesn’t have a waiting period before he can remarry 40 the woman must wait the months.21. A. by way of B. as well as C. on behalf of D. with regard to(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：211总分值：100科目名称：翻译硕士英语22. A. adapt to B. provide for C. compete with D. decide on23. A. close B. renew C. arrange D. postpone24. A. In theory B. Above all C. In time D. For example25. A. Although B. Lest C. After D. Unless26. A. into B. within C. from D. through27. A. sine B. or C. but D. so28. A. test B. copy C. recite D. create29. A. folding B. piling C. wrapping D. tying30. A. lighting B. passing C. hiding D. serving31. A. meeting B. association C. collection D. union32. A. grow B. part C. deal D. live33. A. whereas B. until C. for D. if34. A. obtain B. follow C. challenge D. avoid35. A. isolated B. persuaded C. viewed D. exposed36. A. wherever B. however C. whenever D. whatever37. A. changed B. brought C. shaped D. pushed38. A. divided B. invested C. donated D. withdrawn39. A. clears B. warms C. shows D. breaks40. A. while B. so what C. once D. in thatPart II Reading Comprehension (40 points: 2×20)Direction: There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D You are expected to make the best choice.Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passageA number of scientific studies have found that the amount of sugar we consume is a major factor in how big Americans have become. In the last half century, consumption of sugars by the average American has increased by more than 24 pounds a year, expanding waistlines and crowding out more nutritious foods.Furthermore, the studies indicate that the main dietary culprit for both the increase in sugar and the weight of Americans has been the ever-growing consumption of sugary drinks, especially soda. These soft drinks contribute 7 percent of the calories Americans consume, making them the leading source of added sugar and the single largest source of calories in our diet.Critics have repeatedly blamed high-fructose corn syrup, the inexpensive sweetener that has helped to keep soda prices down and allowed consumption to soar. But in fact, no(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：211总分值：100科目名称：翻译硕士英语sugary beverage and no caloric sweetener is blameless. Not ordinary table sugar; not brown sugar or raw sugar; not honey; not even fruit juice concentrate.All these sweeteners when added to drinks contribute mostly empty calories that do little to satisfy the appetite and end up as excess energy that the body ultimately turns to fat. And soda, though the most common sugary beverage, is not the only one involved. In fact, after decades of increases, soda consumption has leveled off, but sports drinks, energy drinks and sweetened teas have become increasingly important contributors to the liquid calories Americans consume.To improve the health of its residents and its coffers, New York State is considering a consumption tax of about one penny per ounce on high-calorie sweetened beverages.The American Beverage Association, which takes major credit for an 88 percent reduction in sugared soda calories in the nation’s schools, has seriously undermined its credibility with ads opposing the so-called soda tax.In association-sponsored commercials on television and radio, housewives spout the ridiculous argument that such a tax would make it more difficult for them to feed their families.But on no nutritionist’s list are you likely to find soda listed as a desirable dietary ingredient. It is not a food, nor a basic necessity. In fact, the people likely to benefit most from a soda tax that discourages consumption are those who find it hardest to make ends meet. These are the people who can least afford to waste hard-earned dollars on empty calories that undermine their health.41. What have many studies found according to the first two paragraphs?A. Americans’ diet contains too many nutritious foods.B. Soda is one major contributor to Americans’ obesity.C. Americans’ diet has the largest number of calories.D. Americans consume the most sugars in the world.42. What can we know about the empty calories from the passage?A. They make people have no appetite.B. They will turn to fat at last.C. They are Americans’ basic necessity.D. They are bad for people’s health.43. What measure does New York State want to take to improve its people’s health?A. It is planning to impose taxes on sugary drinks with high calories.B. It is considering limiting the amount of liquid calories Americans consume.C. It limits the amount of sugar added to the sugary drinks.D. It encourages the sellers to raise the price of the drinks with high calories.(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：211总分值：100科目名称：翻译硕士英语44. Why does the American Beverage Association lose its credibility?A. It doesn’t think all the sugary drinks are harmful.B. It opposes reducing its nation schools’ soda calories.C. It doesn’t support the so-called soda tax.D. It discourages people to consume soda drinks.45. What is housewives’ attitude towards the soda tax?A. Indifferent.B. Supporting.C. Suspicious.D. Disapproving.Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage:There are three basic ways in which individual economic units interact with one another. They are the market system, the administered system, and the traditional system.　In a market system, individual economic units are free to interact among each other in the market place. Transactions may take place through barter or money exchange. In a barter economy, real goods such as automobiles, shoes, and pizzas are traded against each other. Obviously, finding somebody who wants to trade an old car in exchange for a sailboat may not always be an easy task. Hence the introduction of money as a medium of exchange eases transactions considerably.　An alternative to the market system is administered control by some agency over all transactions. This agency will issue laws or commands as to how much each goods and service should be produced, exchanged, and consumed by each economic unit. Central planning may be one way of administering such an economy. The central plan drawn up by the government shows the amount of each commodity produced by the various firms and distributed to different households for consumption.　In a traditional society, production and consumption patterns are governed by tradition. Each person′s place with the economic system is fixed by parentage, religion, and custom. Transactions take place on the basis of tradition, too. People belonging to a certain group or caste may have an obligation to care for other persons, provide them with food and shelter, care for their health, and provide for their education. Clearly, in a system where every decision is made on the basis of tradition alone progress may be difficult to achieve.　46. What is the main purpose of the passage?　A. To explain the science of economics.　B. To outline types of economic systems.　C. To argue for the superiority of one economic system.　D. To compare barter and money exchange markets.　47. In the second paragraph, by which of the following could the word "real" best bereplaced?　(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：211总分值：100科目名称：翻译硕士英语A. High quality.B. Concrete.C. Utter.D. Essential.48. According to the passage, a barter economy can lead to____. A. rapid speed of transactions　B. misunderstandings　C. inflation　D. difficulties for the traders　49. According to the passage who has the greatest degree of control on an administeredsystem?　A. Individual households.　B. Small businesses.C. Major companies.　D. The government.　50. Which of the following is NOT mentioned by the author as a criterion for determining aperson’s position in a traditional society?A. Family backgroundB. AgeC. Religious beliefs.D. CustomQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage:The science of meteorology is concerned with the study of the structure, state, and behavior of the atmosphere. The subject may be approached from several directions, but the scene cannot be fully appreciated from any advantage point. Different views must be integrated to give perspective to the whole picture.　One may consider the condition of the atmosphere at a given moment and attempt to predict changes from that condition over a period of a few hours to a few days ahead. This approach is covered by the branch of the science called synoptic（天气的）meteorology.Synoptic meteorology is the scientific basis of the technique of weather forecasting by means of the preparation and analysis of weather maps and aerological diagram. The practical importance of the numerous applications of weather forecasting cannot be overestimated. In serving the needs of shipping, aviation, agriculture, industry, and many other interests and fields of human activity with accurate weather warnings and professional forecast advice, great benefits are reaped in the form of the saving of human life and property and in economic advantages of various kinds. One important purpose of(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：211总分值：100科目名称：翻译硕士英语the science of meteorology is constantly to strive, through advanced study and research, to increase our knowledge of the atmosphere with the aim of improving the accuracy of weather forecasts. The tools needed to advance our knowledge in this way are the disciplines of mathematics and physics applied to solve meteorological problems. The use of these tools forms that branch of the science called dynamic meteorology.　.51.The best title for the passage is ____.A.The Basics of Dynamic MeteorologyB.The Limitations of Meteorological ForecastingC.Approaches to the Science of MeteorologyD.New Advances in Synoptic Meteorology52.Which of the following is not referred to by the author as a field whose needs areserved by weather forecasting?A.Sports.B. Transportation.C. Manufacturing.D. Farming.53.Which of the following statements best describes the organization of the thirdparagraph of the passage?A.Two contrasting views of a problem are presented.B.Recent scientific advancements are outlined in order of importance.C.A procedure is explained and its importance is emphasized.D.A problem is examined and possible solutions are given.54.The author implies that increased accuracy in weather forecasting will lead to____.A.greater protection of human lifeB.more funds allocated to meteorological researchC.a higher number of professional forecastersD.less-specialized forms of synoptic meteorology55.In the last sentence of the passage, the phrase "these tools" refers to____.A.mathematics and physicsB.weather forecastsC.meteorological problemsD.economic advantageQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage:Historians of women's labor in the United States at first largely disregarded the story of female service workers-women earning wages in occupations such as salesclerk, domestic servant, and office secretary. These historians focused instead on factory work, primarily because it seemed so different from traditional, unpaid women's work in the(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：211总分值：100科目名称：翻译硕士英语home, and because the underlying economic forces of industrialism were presumed to be gender-blind and hence emancipator in effect. Unfortunately, emancipation has been less profound than expected, for not even industrial wage labor has escaped continued sex segregation in the workplace.To explain this unfinished revolution in the status of women, historians have recently begun to emphasize the way a prevailing definition of femininity often determines the kinds of work allocated to women, even when such allocation is inappropriate to new conditions. For instance, early textile-mill entrepreneurs, in justifying women's employment in wage labor, made much of the assumption that women were by nature skillful at detailed tasks and patient in carrying out repetitive chores; the mill owners thus imported into the new industrial order hoary stereotypes associated with the homemaking activities they presumed to have been the purview of women. Because women accepted the more unattractive new industrial tasks more readily than did men, such jobs came to be regarded as female jobs. And employers, who assumed that women's "real" aspirations were for marriage and family lire, declined to pay women wages commensurate with those of men. Thus many lower-skilled, lower-paid, less secure jobs came to be perceived as "female".More remarkable than the original has been the persistence of such sex segregation in twentieth-century industry. Once an occupation came to be perceived as "female", employers showed surprisingly little interest in changing that perception, even when higher profits beckoned. And despite the urgent need of the United. States during the Second World War to mobilize its human resources fully, job segregation by sex characterized even the most important war industries. Moreover, once the war ended, employers quickly returned to men most of the "male" jobs that women had been permitted to master..56.According to the passage, job segregation by sex in the United States was ________.A.perpetuated by those textile-mill owners who argued in favor of women'semployment In wage laborB.one means by which women achieved greater job securityC.reluctantly challenged by employers except when the economic advantages wereobviousD.a constant source of labor unrest in the young textile industry57.According to the passage, historians of women's labor focused on factory work as amore promising area of research than service-sector work because factorywork________.A.involved the payment of higher wagesB.required skill in detailed tasksC.was assumed to be less characterized by sex segregationD.was more readily accepted by women than by men(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：211总分值：100科目名称：翻译硕士英语58.It can be inferred from the passage that the "unfinished revolution" the author mentionsin highlight text refers to the________.A.recognition that work done by women as homemakers should be compensated atrates comparable to those prevailing in the service sector of the economyB.development of a new definition of femininity unrelated to the economic forces ofindustrialismC.introduction of equal pay for equal work in all professionsD.emancipation of women wage earners from gender-determined job allocation.59.Which of the following words best expresses the opinion of the author of the passageconcerning the notion that women are more skillful than men in carrying out detailed tasks?A.patientB.repetitiveC.hoaryD.homemaking60.Which of the following statements is true about hiring policies in the United States?A.After a crisis many formerly "male" jobs are reclassified as "female" jobs.B.Industrial employers generally prefer to hire women with previous experience ashomemakers.C.Post-Second World War hiring policies caused women to lose many of theirwartime gains in employment opportunity.D.Even war industries during the Second World War were reluctant to hire women forfactory workPart III Writing (30 points)Directions:Based on the information given below, please write an essay of about 400 words on the Answer Sheet. You have 60 minutes to plan, write, and revise your essay.Some people believe that the range of technology available to individuals today is increasing the gap between rich people and poor people, while others say that technology has the opposite effect.Discuss these points of view. What’s your opinion?Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your experience or knowledge.宁波大学2019年硕士研究生招生考试初试试题(B卷)(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：211总分值：100科目名称：翻译硕士英语第 11 页共 11 页。

A.expirationB.explanationC.expertiseD.expenditure
15.Stocks are not goods–they merely are________,exchangingcurrent cash flows from future ones.
A.conductsB.conductionC.conduitsD.products
考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸（卷）上，写在本试题上一律不给分。
I. Vocabulary & Grammar (30%)
Directions:There are 30 sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.
A.moralB.mortalC.moraleD.mores
8.The discrepancy in the company accounts is so________that noauditorcould have failed to notice it.
A.spontaneousB.conspicuousC.notoriousD.superfluous
暨南大学翻译专业研究生入学考试试题（A卷）
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A. secureB. ensureC. assure. You’d better hang up this oil-C. vacant3. During the summer vacation, Mary worked on a (an)____ basis as a salesman, taking 8A. salaryB. income4. Michelle found it difficult to get his British jokes __5.____for a long time, the fields are all dried up.B. Having no rainD. There being no rain6. We stopped for a coffeB. consumedC. presumedD. assumed7.____money, she is quite rich. However, this does not mean that she is happy.D. In the light ofcomprehensive and complex institution than any other kind of higher education____.C. construction9. The boss of the company has always attended to the ____of important business himself.A. transaction10. ____the center of our planetary system was considered as heresy by the church in the12. The government official can hardly find sufficient grounds ____his arguments in favorD. on which to be based13. A highly organized system of irrigation is ____Chinese agriculture.D. subject to14. The physicists propose that our attention ____ the use of special methods of thinkingA. would be directed towardsC. is directed towardsA. would rather have boughtC. would have rather boughtD. ratherA. decisiveB. perceiveC. deceiveA. mathematics is urgentC. one must understand mathematics18. The new government’s tax raise policy actually led to the result that the incomes fromA. shrinkB. delay19. The Chinese nation has_B. brought forwardD.A. been fed up withB. been on good terms withC. got around toD.。

[A] superior
[B] advantageous
[C] super（A）
[D] beneficial
15.In a typhoon, winds ________ a speed greater than 120 kilometers per hour.
[A] assume
[B] accomplish
11. When Jane fell off the bike, the other children ________.
[A] were not able to help laughter
[B] could not help but laughing
[C] could not help laughing（C）
一线资深临床医师丰富的临床医学经验丰富的理论知识
1991年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题
Section
In each sentence, decide which of the four choices given will suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)
[A] powerful
[B] influential
[C] monstrous（A）
[D] vigorous
24.Bob was completely ________ by the robber’s disguise.
[A] taken away
[B] taken down
[C] taken to（D）

Part One I.
European and American Cultures (50 points)
Explain any THREE out of the following five terms IN ABOUT 50 WORDS each: (15 points) William the Conqueror Homer The War of Roses Martin Luther The melting pot
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
II. Fill in the blanks in the following to complete the idea: (10 points) 1. The full name of the United Kingdom is _____________________ . 2. Thanksgiving Day falls on _______, on which Americans give thanks for _ _____; the _. executive
5. The Bible is a collection of religious writings comprising two parts: the __________________ and the__________________. 6. The word “Renaissance” means _______________, it generally refers to the period in
本题共 5 页，此页为第 1 页
四川大学外国语学院攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试参考样题---英语专业综合知识
Western civilization between the ____________ and mid _______________century. 7. In the early 1930s, ___________________ brought poverty and humiliation to millions of people in the United States and Europe. 8. 9. The American War of Independence began in _____________ and ended in _________. The United States government form is based on the three main principles: Federalism, ___________________________________and ________________________________. 10. Henrik Ibsen was born in ________________, as the Father of Modern Drama he was famous for his “ __________ plays.”

英语国家概况试卷内蒙古⼴播电视⼤学2010-2011学年度第⼆学期《英语国家概况1》期末试题ⅠThere are 20 questions in this part. Each question is followed by four choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose the correct answer to each of the questions and write your answer at the corresponding place on the ANSWER SHEET.(20 points)1.The following were the founding fathers of the AmericanRepublic except _____. A Thomas Jefferson B George Washington C William Penn D Benjamin Franklin2.Which of the following statement was NOT correct? When the War of Independence was over, _____.A each new state had its own governmentB each new state made its own laws and handled all of its internal affairsC the national government was called the Congress with little powerD the relationships between the states and the national government were clearly defined 3.Service industry does not include ____. A banking B management consultation C airline D steelmaking4.Three of the following authors were Nobel Prize winner except _____. A Ernest Hemingway B Eugene O’Neill C William Faulkner D F. Scott Fitzgerald5. ____ invented the telephone.A Samuel R.B. MorseB Alexander Graham BellC Thomas Alva EdisonD Reginald Fessenden6.The main mountain range in the west of US stretching from the Canadian border to New Mexico is ____.A The Appalachian MountainsB The Rocky MountainsC The Green MountainsD TheBlue Ridge Mountains7.Both public and private universities in the U.S. depend on the following sources of income except____.A investmentB student tuitionC endowmentsD government funding 8.____ was NOT written by Hemingway? A Light in August B The Sun Also Rises C A farewell to Arms D For Whom the Bell Tolls9.In the United States school system, which of the following divisions is true? A Elementary school, grammar school B Elementary school, junior high school C Elementary school, secondary school D junior high school, senior high school10.Which of the following does NOT belong to the white-collar crime? A bribery B tax evasion C false advertising D robbery11.Which of the following was written by Thoreau? A NatureB WaldenC The Scarlet LetterD The Fall of the House Usher密封线内不要写参考内容《英语国家概况1》第1页共6页《英语国家概况1》第2页共6页12.Which of the following provinces is the manufacturing heartland of Canada?AAlberta B OntarioC British ColumbiaD Quebec13.Due to his firm belief in nonviolent peaceful protest in the spirit of India's leader Gandhi, ____ was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964.A John F.KennedyB James FarmerC Ella BakerD Martin Luther King, Jr.14.Which of the following is considered an American master piece?A The Last of the MohicansB The Legend of the Sleepy HollowC The Masque of the Red DeathD Moby Dick15.By 1985, how many per cent of immigrants were non-European?A 30 per centB 80 per centC 60 per centD 50 per cent16.InVancouver schools, it is estimated that more than half of the students speak ____.A EnglishB FrenchC Mandarin ChineseD Cantonese17.Which of the following novels was made into an extremely successful film in 1997?A Lost in the BarrensB The Two SolitudesC The Handmaid's TaleD The English Patient18.Which of the following invention facilitated the out-migration-movement into suburban location?A automobileB electric lawn mowerC mechanical reaperD telephone 19.The tradition of the vocal ballad which contributed to the blues form was usually accompanied by ___.A a guitarB a pianoC a banjoD a trombone and a cymbal20. Who is the most influential person in the Canadian government?A the QueenB a Cabinet MinisterC the Prime MinisterD the Government GeneralⅡThere are altogether 15 blanks in the following sentences. Fill in the blanks and write your answer at the corresponding place on the ANSWER SHEET.(30 points)21. The Constitution set up a federal system with ____.22. T.S. Eliot's long poem ____ revealed a pessimistic view of post-World War 1 society. He dominated the so-called "Modern" movement in poetry.23. Mark Twain’s ____ is considered the greatest novel in American literature.24.The two conferences for American football are AFC, which stands for ____ and NFC, which stands for ____.25.As a member of the Commonwealth, Canada used to unquestioningly assist ___ in its foreign policy.26.Canada preferred to establish a nation based on _____,_____ and good government.27.The first Catholic president in the U.S.was ____.28.The civil rights movement, together with ____ and ____ during the 1960s had been deeply rooted in U.S.history.29.____ is the most successful and internationally recognized of current Canadian novelists.30.Public and private colleges depend on three sources of income in the U.S.:_____, endowment and密封线内不要写参考内容《英语国家概况1》第3页共6页《英语国家概况1》第4页共6页_____.31. Jazz music, as a musical form, initially performed and appreciated by ____.ⅢThere are 10 questions. Answer each of the questions in one full sentence and write your answer at the corresponding place on the ANSWER SHEET.(20 points)32.Where did the English first settlers land in North America?33.Who was the main author of Declaration of Independence?34.What is the symbol of the Republican Party?35.Which church do the majority of Americans belong to?36.Who was the author of Leaves of Grass?37.Which invention marked the beginning of "The Age of Visual Information"?38.Who were assinated in 1968 which was known as a violent and tragic year in U.S. history?39.Who suggests that the idea of survival can be seen as the central symbol of Canadian literature?40.Who made the first desktop PC?41.What is the other official language besides English in Canada?ⅣExplain each of the following 6 out of 8 in no more than five sentences. Write your answer at the appropriate place on the ANSWER SHEET.(30 points)42.Mark Twain43.Henry Ford 44.Niagara Falls45.American Indians46.Disneyland47. a federal system48. NBA49.Blues密封线内不要写参考内容《英语国家概况1》第5页共6页《英语国家概况1》第6页共6页。

211华南理工大学2018 年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷（试卷上做答无效，请在答题纸上做答，试后本卷必须与答题纸一同交回）科目名称：翻译硕士英语适用专业：英语笔译(专硕)Part II Reading Comprehension (40 points, 2 points for each)Directions: In this section, there are 4 passages followed by multiple-choice questions. Read the passage and then write ONE best answer for each question on your ANSWER SHEET.Passage OneJust over a decade into the 21st century, women’s progress can be celebrated across a range of fields. They hold the highest political offices from Thailand to Brazil, Costa Rica to Australia. A woman holds the top spot at the International Monetary Fund; another won the Nobel Prize in economics. Self-made billionaires in Beijing, tech innovators in Silicon Valley, pioneering justices in Ghana—in these and countless other areas, women are leaving their mark.But hold the applause. In Saudi Arabia, women aren’t allowed to drive. In Pakistan, 1,000women die in honor killings every year. In the developed world, women lag behind men in pay and political power. The poverty rate among women in the U.S. rose to 14.5% last year.To measure the state of women’s progress. Newsweek ranked 165 countries, looking at five areas that affect wome n’s lives; treatment under the law, workforce participation, political power, and access to education and health care. Analyzing data from the United Nations and the World Economic Forum, among others, and consulting with experts and academics, we measured 28 factors to come up with our rankings.Countries with the highest scores tend to be clustered in the West, where gender discrimination is against the law, and equal rights are constitutionally enshrined. But there were some surprises. Some otherwise high-ranking countries had relatively low scores for political representation. Canada ranked third overall but 26th in power, behind countries such as Cuba and Burundi. Does this suggest that a woman in a nation’s top office translates to better lives for women in general? Not exactly.“Trying to quantify or measure the impact of women in politics is hard because in very few countries have there been enough women in politics to make a difference,” says Anne-Marie Goetz, peace and security adviser for U.N. Women.Of course, no index can account for everything. Declaring that one country is better than another in the way that it treats more than half its citizens means relying on broad strokes and generalities. Some things simply can’t be measured. And cross-cultural comparisons can t account for difference of opinion.Certain conclusions are nonetheless clear. For one thing, our index backs up a simple but profound statement made by Hillary Clinton at the recent Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation summit. “When we l iberate the economic potential of women, we elevate the economic performance of communities, nations, and the world,” she said. “There’s a simulative effect that kicks in when women have greater access to jobs and the economiclives of our countries: Greater political stability. Fewer military conflicts. More food. More educational opportunity for children. By harnessing the economic potential of all women, we boost opportunity for all people.”31.What does the author think about women’s progress so far?A.It still leaves much to be desired.B.It is too remarkable to be measured.C.It has greatly changed women’s fate.D.It is achieved through hard struggle.32.In what countries have women made the greatest progress?A.Where women hold key posts in government.B.Where women’s rights are protected by law.C.Where women’s participation in management is high.D.Where women enjoy better education and health care.33.What do Newsweek rankings reveal about women in Canada?A.They care little about political participation.B.They are generally treated as equals by men.C.They have a surprisingly low social status.D.They are underrepresented in politics.34.What does Anne-Marie Goetz think of a woman being in a nation’s top office?A.It does not necessarily raise women's political awareness.B.It does not guarantee a better life for the nation's women.C.It enhances women's status.D.It boosts women's confidence.35.What does Hillary Clinton suggest we do to make the world a better place?A.Give women more political power.B.Stimulate women's creativity.C.Allow women access to education.D.Tap women's economic potential.Passage TwoThe idea that government should regulate intellectual property through copyrights and patents is relatively recent in human history, and the precise details of what intellectual property is protected for how long vary across nations and occasionally change. There are two standard sociological justifications for patents or copyrights: They reward creators for their labor, and they encourage greater creativity. Both of these are empirical claims that can be tested scientifically and could be false in some realms.Consider music. Star performers existed before the 20th century, such as Franz Liszt and Niccolo Paganini, but mass media produced a celebrity system promoting a few starsidentified by psychologists where a remarkably large number of people fail to spot a major change in their environment. Recall the famous experiments where X asks Y for directions; while Y is struggling to help, X is switched for Z - and. Y fails to notice. Researchers are still pondering the full implications, but it does show how little information we use in daily life, and undermines the idea that we know what is going on around us.When we set out, we aimed to weigh in on the enduring, complicated debate about self-knowledge and intentionality. For all the intimate familiarity we feel we have with decision making, it is very difficult to know about it from the “inside”: one of the great barriers for scientific research is the nature of subjectivity.As anyone who has ever been in a verbal disagreement can prove, people tend to give elaborate justifications for their decisions, which we have every reason to believe are nothing more than rationalizations after the event. To prove such people wrong, though, or even provide enough evidence to change their mind, is an entirely different matter: who are you to say what my reasons are?But with choice blindness we drive a large wedge between intentions and actions in the mind. As our participants give us verbal explanations about choices they never made, we can show them beyond doubt - and prove it - that what they say cannot be true. So our experiments offer a unique window into confabulation (the story-telling we do to justify things after the fact) that is otherwise very difficult to come by. We can compare everyday explanations with those under lab conditions, looking for such things as the amount of detail in descriptions, how coherent the narrative is, the emotional tone, or even the timing or flow of the speech. Then we can create a theoretical framework to analyse any kind of exchange.This framework could provide a clinical use for choice blindness: for example, two of our ongoing studies examine how malingering might develop into true symptoms, and how confabulation might play a role in obsessive-compulsive disorder.Importantly, the effects of choice blindness go beyond snap judgments. Depending on what our volunteers say in response to the mismatched outcomes of choices (whether they give short or long explanations, give numerical rating or labelling, and so on) we found this interaction could change their future preferences to the extent that they come to prefer the previously rejected alternative. This gives us a rare glimpse into the complicated dynamics of self-feedback (“I chose this, I publicly said so, therefore I must like it”), which we suspect lies behind the formation of many everyday preferences.We also want to explore the boundaries of choice blindness. Of course, it will be limited by choices we know to be of great importance in everyday life. Which bride or bridegroom would fail to notice if someone switched their partner at the altar through amazing sleight of hand? Yet there is ample territory between the absurd idea of spouse-swapping, and the results of our early face experiments.For example, in one recent study we invited supermarket customers to choose between two paired varieties of jam and tea. In order to switch each participant’s choice without them noticing, we created two sets of “magical” jars, with lids at both ends and a divider inside. The jars looked normal, but were designed to hold one variety of jam or tea at each end, and could easily be flipped over.Immediately after the participants chose, we asked them to taste their choice again and tell us verbally why they made that choice. Before they did, we turned over the sample containers, so the tasters were given the opposite of what they had intended in their selection. Strikingly, people detected no more than a third of all these trick trials. Even when we switched such remarkably different flavors as spicy cinnamon and apple for bitter grapefruit jam, the participants spotted less than half of all switches.We have also documented this kind of effect when we simulate online shopping for consumer products such as laptops or cellphones, and even apartments. Our latest tests are exploring moral and political decisions, a domain where reflection and deliberation are supposed to play a central role, but which we believe is perfectly suited to investigating using choice blindness.Throughout our experiments, as well as registering whether our volunteers noticed that they had been presented with the alternative they did not choose, we also quizzed them about their beliefs about their decision processes. How did they think they would feel if they had been exposed to a study like ours? Did they think they would have noticed the switches? Consistently, between 80 and 90 per cent of people said that they believed they would have noticed something was wrong.Imagine their surprise, even disbelief, when we told them about the nature of the experiments. In everyday decision-making we do see ourselves as knowing a lot about ourselves, but like the wine buff or art critic, we often overstate what we know. The good news is that this form of decision snobbery should not be too difficult to treat. Indeed, after reading this article you might already be cured.41.What does the author say about some experts?A.They are authorities only in their own fields.B.They aren’t easily fooled by the tricky tests.C.The mistakes they’ve made are inevitable.D.They sometimes fail to do well as claimed.42.What did the researchers do to participants in the experiments?A.They put on a magic performance to the participants.B.They diverted the participants’ attention and disrupted their choosing.C.They changed the things participants chose without their noticing.D.They added confusion to the two options the participants faced.43.What does the result of the face choosing experiments reveal?mislead,”“deliberately,”without being asked to do so by the target of the lie. Which doesn’t mean that all lies are equally toxic: some are simply habitual –“My pleasure!” -- while others might be well-meaning white lies. But each, Feldman argues, is harmful, because of the standard it creates. And the more lies we tell, even if they’re little white lies, the more deceptive we and society become.We are a culture of liars, to put it bluntly, with deceit so deeply ingrained in our mind that we hardly even notice we’re engaging in it. Junk e-mail, deceptive advertising, the everyday pleasantries we don’t really mean –“It’s so great to meet you! I love that dress”– have, as Feldman puts it, become “a white noise we’ve learned to neglect.” And Feldman also argues that cheating is more common today than ever. The Josephson Institute, a nonprofit focused on youth ethics, concluded in a 2008 survey of nearly 30,000 high school students that “cheating in school continues to be rampant, and it’s getting worse.” In that survey, 64 percent of students said they’d cheated on a test during the past year, up from 60 percent in 2006. Another recent survey, by Junior Achievement, revealed that more than a third of teens believe lying, cheating, or plagiarizing can be necessary to succeed, while a brand-new study, commissioned by the publishers of Feldman’s book, shows that 18-to 34-year-olds--- those of us fully reared in this lying culture --- deceive more frequently than the general population.Teaching us to lie is not the purpose of Feldman’s book. His subtitle, in fact, is “the way to truthful relationships.” But if his book teaches us anything, it’s that we should sharpen our skills — and use them with abandon.Liars get what they want. They avoid punishment, and they win others’affection. Liars make themselves sound smart and intelligent, they attain power over those of us who believe them, and they often use their lies to rise up in the professional world. Many liars have fun doing it. And many more take pride in getting away with it.As Feldman notes, there is an evolutionary basis for deception: in the wild, animals use deception to “play dead” when threatened. But in the modem world, the motives of our lying are more selfish. Research has linked socially successful people to those who are good liars. Students who succeed academically get picked for the best colleges, despite the fact that, as one recent Duke University study found, as many as 90 percent of high-schoolers admit to cheating. Even lying adolescents are more popular among their peers.And all it takes is a quick flip of the remote to see how our public figures fare when they get caught in a lie: Clinton keeps his wife and goes on to become a national hero. Fabricating author James Frey gets a million-dollar book deal. Eliot Spitzer’s wife stands by his side, while “Appalachian hiker” Mark Sanford still gets to keep his post. If everyone else is being rewarded for lying，don’t we need to lie, too, just to keep up?But what’s funny is that even as we admit to being liars, study after study shows that50.What did the survey of Junior Achievement show about the teenagers?A.Quite a few of them believe that cheating is genetic.B.Many of them see deceiving as essential for success.C.Cheating occurs more commonly among them.D.They are the victims of the lying culture in fact.Part III Writing (30 points)51.Security cameras are very popular in our life these days. Some people believe that security cameras are in place to protect both businesses and the general public, but others argue that cameras have gone too far and actually invade privacy because people are constantly under surveillance. Write an essay of at least 400 words in English with the title listed below on the ANSWER SHEET.Are security cameras an invasion of privacy?。

江西师大英语专业考研，学校分析，就业前景，初试准备，复试题目，读研感受，经验分享首先说说咱江西师大的情况吧，这关系到大家是否选择考江西师大。

江西师大的英语专业研究生，是江西最好的英语专业，江西省排第一是完全没问题的，比如江西省的高考英语命题，那就是咱师大的章教授作为英语命题组组长的。

至于南昌大学，它的工科是比江西师大好的，就是材料类、土木工程之类的，那些工科，确实比江西师大好很多。

但是说到英语、语文、政治这样的师范类专业，那就不如江西师大了。

每年很多学校事业单位来江西师大招聘正式教师，哪有几个学校事业单位去南昌大学，南昌大学很多毕业生连教师资格证都没有，上岗资格都没有具备。

当然，论实力和地理位置，江西师大还是比不过华东师大，北京师大，华中师大那样的学校的，这个咱承认。

但是，我们师大人在努力追赶，话说我们今年被批准成为教育部省政府共建高校，被批准了可以招收免费师范生了（全国只有北师大华东师大华中师大等6所师大可以招收免费师范生，江西师大今年进入这个队伍了）。

不过，江西师大也比那些北京师大华中师大好考多了，北京师大华东师大竞争太激烈了，题目也很难，呵呵。

看你的实力，选择学校吧。

江西师范大学（江西师大）英语专业研究生就业前景对于英语语言文学，外国语言学及应用语言学，这2个专业的研究生。

大部分是当老师的，江西师大在沿海地区，比如深圳广州珠海杭州中山南京等发达地区，就业也是很不错的。

每一届都有一大批研究生到那边当老师，有编制的正式教师。

像深圳，小学老师刚去第一年就年薪13万，还分一套周转房，买房还有政府补贴。

珠海，一个月住房公积金就5000了。

那边的单位反映咱江西师大的毕业生，肯吃苦，兢兢业业，干事踏实，非常欢迎。

我们很多师兄师姐都为我们开辟了一片天地了。

所以，每年都有一些沿海地区的学校领导班子直接来研究生院要人。

当然，也有一部分毕业生选择在省内当老师，比如师大附中，九江一中，宜春中学，赣州中学等。

因为有些同学希望离老家近，方便回家，也有一些女生要跟着男朋友一起工作，夫妻党的。

研究生学位英语考试
研究生学位英语考试（GraduateRecordExaminations，GRE）是
由美国教育考试服务中心（ETS）主办的国际普通考试，是全球最大
的标准化的考试之一，是测试学生申请研究生院的语言能力和智力的重要途径。

GRE考试有两大部分：基础部分和专业部分。

基础部分包括分析性写作和语言能力两个部分；专业部分有文学评论、社会科学、自然科学等。

基础部分考生可以自主选择，但不同学校有不同的要求，有些学校需要考生按照其研究方向选择科目，所以考生要仔细研究考试要求。

GRE考试目的是为了衡量考生在智力和语言能力方面的综合能力。

因此，考生要有良好的准备，仔细阅读试题，同时多掌握一些有关知识，比如英语语法、文学、社会科学、自然科学等方面的知识。

此外，考生还要多加练习，反复练习考试题目，多加熟悉考试大纲，使自己更加熟悉考试题目，增强自己的把握。

研究生学位英语考试的考试形式也是比较灵活的，有更多的选项可以供考生选择，比如考试时间、考点地点、考试形式等。

考生可以根据自己的时间和地点的安排来选择最合适的考试形式。

有的学校可能会安排在线考试，考生可以在家里安心准备考试；也有的学校可能会安排考官上门考试，考生只要把打印好的试卷和答案托管给考官即可；有的学校甚至提供考试时间表，考生可以提前报名参加，从而获得更好的准备时间。

总之，研究生学位英语考试是申请研究生院中一项重要考试，考生要仔细阅读考试大纲，把握考试范围，多加练习，提高自己的能力，确保取得优异的成绩。

1 The Goals and Functions ofFinancial ManagementChapter Objectives1.Identify how finance builds on the disciplines of accounting and economics.2.Discuss the analytical decision making nature of finance within a risk-return framework.3.Describe the primary goal of finance as the maximization of shareholder wealth as measured by share price.4. Identify possible conflicting goals of finance such as social goals or management interests.5. Outline the activities of financial managers that are primarily based on the raising and investment of funds in an efficient manner.6. Identify some of the domestic and international economic conditions that the financial manager shouldconsider.7. Identify the role of financial markets in allocating capital.ContentsI. Financial management is critical for a firm’s success.II. Finance relies upon the disciplines of economics and accounting.A. Economics provides structure to decision making and helps us to understand the economic environment inwhich the financial manager operates.B. Accounting provides the financial data needed for financial decision making.C. The demand for financial management skills exists in many sectors of our society, including corporatemanagement, financial institutions and consulting.III. Finance as a field of study has evolved over time in response to changing business management needs. IV. Finance maintains that the goal of the firm is maximization of shareholders' wealth.A. Shareholders’ wealth maximization is measured by the highest possible market price of the firm’s shares.B. Financial decision-making analysis is always predicated on this goal: to increase value to shareholderswithin a risk-return framework.C. Shoarehlders' wealth maximization incorporates:D. The efficiency of the capital market dictates that, with a given level of risk, capital will flow to those firms"promising" the highest return.E. Maximization of shareholder wealth is tempered by social responsibility and agency concerns.V. Functions of Financial Management. A financial manager is responsible for financing an efficient level and composition of assets by obtaining financing through the most appropriate means.A. Daily financial management activitiesB. Less-routine activitiesC. Forms of organization: The finance function may be carried out within a number of different forms oforganizations.1. Sole proprietorship2. Partnership3. CorporationVI. The Role of Financial Markets. Wealth maximization depends on the perception expectations of the market. The market through daily share price changes of each publicly traded company, provides managers with a performance report card.VII. Recent Economic Developments2 Review of AccountingChapter Objectives1. Demonstrate a reasonable ability to prepare the three basic financial statements.2. Identify the limitations of the income statment as a measure of a firm's profitability.3. Identify the limitations of the balance sheet as a measure of a firm's financial position.4. Explain the importance of cash flows as identified in the statement of changes in financial position.5. Outline the impact of corporate tax considerations on cash flow aftertax.6. Outline personal tax considerations as they relate to different forms of investment income.7. Explain the concept of tax savings.ContentsI. Financial StatementsA. The Income StatementB. Balance SheetC. Statement of Changes in Financial PositionII. Amortization and Funds FlowA. Amortization is an attempt to allocate an initial asset cost over its life.B. Amortization is an accounting entry and does not involve the movement of funds.C. As indicated in the statement of cash flows, amortization is added back to net income to arrive atcash flow.III. Free cash flow.IV. Income Tax Considerations3 Financial AnalysisChapter Objectives1. Calculate 13 financial ratios that measure profitability, asset utilization, liquidity and debt utilization.2. Assess a company's source of profitability using the Du Pont system of analysis.3. Examine the ratios in comparison to industry averages.4. Examine the ratios and company performance by means of trend analysis.5. Identify sources of distortion in reported income.ContentsI. Ratio analysisA. Uses of ratios:B. Overall considerations in using ratiosC. Classification and computation1. Profitability: Measures of returns on sales, total assets and invested capital2. Du Pont system.3. Asset utilization: Measures of the speed at which the firm is turning over accounts receivable,inventories, and longer term assets.4. Liquidity ratios: Measures of the firm's ability to pay off short-term obligations as they comedue5. Debt Utilization Ratios: Measures the prudence of the firm's debt management policies.6. Summary and evaluation of all ratios for the Saxton Company with conclusions7. Trend analysis is as important as industry comparisonsD. Interpreting financial ratios.E. Trend analysis consists of computing the financial ratios of a firm at various points in time todetermine if the firm is improving or deteriorating.F.Comparative analysis provides the management and external evaluators with information as to how successful the firm is relative to other firm's in the industry.II. Impact of Inflation and Disinflation on Financial Analysis III.Other Elements of Distortion in Reported Income A. Recognition of revenue B. Handling of expenses C. Extraordinary gains/losses: These are reported as additions/deductions from income by some firmsbut not shown as additions/deductions from income by others, based on discretion.4 Financial ForecastingChapter Objectives1. Explain why financial forecasting is essential for the healthy growth of the firm.2. Prepare the three financial statements for forecasting; the pro forma income statement, the cash budget and the pro forma balance sheet.3. Perform the percent-of-sales method for forecasting on a less precise basis.4. Determine the need for new funding resulting from sales growth.ContentsI. Need for Financial PlanningII.The most comprehensive means for doing financial planning is through the development of pro forma financial statements; namely the pro forma income statement, the cash budget, and the pro forma balance sheet. A. Pro Forma Income Statement: B. Cash budget: C. Pro Forma Balance Sheet:III. Percent-of-Sales Method: Shortcut, less exact, alternative for determining financial needs(1D) PS S)( S LS)(S A = funds new Required 211∆∆IV. Sustainable growth rate5 Operating and Financial LeverageChapter Objectives1. Define leverage as a method to magnify earnings available to the firm’s common shareholders.2. Define and calculate operating leverage and assess its opportunities and limitations.3. Define and calculate financial leverage and assess its opportunities and limitations.4. Define and calculate combined leverage.ContentsI. Leverage: The use of fixed charge obligations with the intent of magnifying the potential return to the firm. A. Fixed operating costs: B. Fixed financial costs: II. Break-Even Analysis and Operating Leverage A. Break-even analysis: B. Cash break-even analysis C:Operating leverage: III.Financial Leverage:A. Two firms may have the same operating income but greatly different net incomes due to the magnificationeffect of financial leverage. The higher the financial leverage, the greater the profits or losses at high or low levels of operating profit, respectively.B. Financial leverage is beneficial only if the firm can employ the borrowed funds to earn a higher rate of return than the interest rate on the borrowed amount. The extent of a firm's use of financial leverage may be measured by computing its degree of financial leverage (DFL). The DFL is the ratio of the percentage change in net income (or earnings per share) in response to a percentage change in EBIT.IV. Combined Leverage6 Working Capital and the Financing DecisionChapter Objectives1. Define working capital management as the financing and controlling of current assets of the firm.2. Describe the nature of asset growth and explain those current assets that are more permanent in nature.3. Explain that the matching of sales and production may not be efficient in the short run, and will likely resultin the buildup of current assets.4. Explain financing of assets in terms of hedging.5. Describe the term structure of interest rates and explain the theories that suggest its shape. Also discuss thevalue of the term structure to a financial manager.6. Identify risk and profitability in determining the financing plan for current assets.ContentsI. Working Capital ManagementA. Management of working capital is the financial manager's most time-consuming function.B. Success in managing current assets in the short run is critical for the firm's long-run existence.C. Nature of asset growthII. Both seasonal and permanent increases in working capital must be financed.III. The term structure of interest rates indicates the relative cost of short and long-term financing and is important to the financing decision.A. The relationship of interest rates at a specific point in time for securities of equal risk but differentmaturity dates is referred to as the term structure of interest rates.B. The term structure of interest rates is depicted by yield curves.C. There are three theories describing the shape of the yield curve.D. Types of yield curvesE. Yield curves shift upward and downward in response to changes in anticipated inflation rates andother conditions of uncertainty.IV. A Decision ProcessV. Shift in Asset StructureVI. Toward an Optimum Policy7 Current Asset ManagementChapter Objectives1. Outline current asset management as an extension of Chapter 6 concepts and recognize that a firm’sinvestment in current assets should achieve an acceptable return.2. Discuss cash management as the control of receipts and disbursements to minimize nonearning cashbalances and describe techniques to make cash management more efficient.3. Define the various marketable securities available to the firm and calculate the yield on these instruments.4. Describe accounts receivable as an investment based o n the firm’s credit policies, outline the considerationsin granting credit and evaluate a credit decision to change credit terms to stimulate sales.5. Describe inventory as an investment and apply techniques to reduce the costs of this investment.6. Explain the concept that the less liquid an asset is, the higher the required return.ContentsI. Cash ManagementA. Cash is a necessary but low earning asset.B. Financial managers attempt to minimize cash balances and yet maintain sufficient amounts to meetobligations in a timely manner.C. The three main reasons for holding cash are for:D. Temporarily, excess cash balances are transferred into interest-earning marketable securities.II. Collections and DisbursementsIII. Marketable SecuritiesIV. Management of Accounts ReceivableA. Accounts receivable represent a substantial and growing investment in assets by a company. Theprimary reasons for the increases have been:B. Accounts receivable are an investment.C. There are three primary variables for credit policy administration.IV. Inventory ManagementA. Inventory is the least liquid of current assets.B. There are two basic costs associated with inventory:1. Carrying costs:2. Ordering and processing costsC. Assumptions of the basic EOQ model:8 Sources of Short-Term FinancingChapter Objectives1. Describe trade credit as an important form of short term financing and be able to calculate its cost to thefirm if a discount is forgone.2. Describe bank loans as self-liquidating, as short-term and as having their interest rate tied to the prime rate.Also calculate interest rates under differing conditions.3. Describe commercial paper as a short-term, unsecured promissory note of the firm4. Review borrowing in foreign markets as a cost-effective alternative for the firm.5. Explain that offering accounts receivable and inventory as collateral may lower the interest costs on aloan.6. Demonstrate the hedging of interest rates to reduce borrowing risk.ContentsI. Trade CreditII. Bank CreditA. Banks prefer short-term, self-liquidating loansB. Bank loan terms and conceptsD. Bank credit availability tends to cycle III. Commercial PaperIV. Bankers AcceptancesV. Foreign BorrowingVI. The Use of Collateral in Short-Term FinancingVII. Inventory FinancingA. The collateral value of inventory is based on several factors.B. Inventory financing and the associated control methods are standard procedures in many industries. VIII. Hedging to Reduce Borrowing Risk9 Time Value of MoneyChapter Objectives1. Explain the concept of the time value of money. This is the idea that a dollar received today is worth morethan a dollar received in the future.2. Calculate present values, future values, and annuities based on the number of periods involved and thegoing interest rate.3.Calculate yield based on the time relationships between cash flows.ContentsI. Money has a time value associated with it.A. The investor/lender demands that financial rent be paid on his or her funds.B. Understanding the effective rate on a business loan, the return on an investment, etc., is dependenton using the time value of money.D. The interest rate is also referred to as a discount rate, rate of return, or yield.II.Future Value -- Single AmountIII. Effective or Nominal Interest RateIV. Present Value -- Single AmountV. Future Value -- AnnuityVI. Present Value -- AnnuityVII. Annuity Equaling a Future ValueVII. Annuity Equality a Present ValueIX. Determining the Yield on an InvestmentX. Special Considerations in Time Value AnalysisXI. Canadian Mortgages10 Valuation and Rates of ReturnChapter Objectives1. Describe valuation of a financial asset as based on the present value of future cash flows.2. Explain that the required rate of return in valuing an asset is based on the risk involved.3. Calculate the current value (price) of bonds, preferreds (perpetuals) and common sharesbased on the future benefits (cash flows).4. Calculate the yields on financial claims based on the relationship between current priceand future expected cash flows.5. Describe the use of a price-earnings ratio to determine value.ContentsI. Valuation ConceptsII. Valuation of BondsIII. Valuation of Preferred StockA. Preferred stockIV. Valuation of Common Stock1. No growth2. Constant growth in dividends.11 Cost of CapitalChapter Objectives1. Explain that the cost of capital represents the overall cost of financing to the firm.2. Define the cost of capital as the discount rate normally used to analyze an investment. Itis an evaluation tool.3. Calculate the cost of capital based on the various valuation techniques from Chapter 10 asapplied to bonds, preferred stock and common shares.4. Describe how a firm attempts to find a minimum cost of capital through varying the mixof its sources of financing.5. Explain the marginal cost of capital concept.ContentsI. The Overall ConceptA. There are several steps in measuring a firm's cost of capital.1. Compute the cost of each source of capital.2. Assign weights to each source. Conversion of historical cost capitalstructure to market values may be required.3. Compute the weighted average of the component costs.II. Interdependence of Valuation and Cost of CapitalIII. The Cost of DebtAn approximation for the cost of debt if maturity is greater than 10 years is:IV. The Cost of Preferred StockV. The Cost of Common EquityAssuming constant growth:Under the CAPM, the required return for common stock can be described by thefollowing formula:The cost of retained earnings is :The cost of new common stock is higher than the cost of retained earningsbecause the firm's proceeds from sale of the stock is less than the pricepaid by the shareholder due to flotation costs (F). The cost of newcommon stock, K n is:VI. Optimal Capital Structure - Weighting CostsVII.Capital Acquisition and Investment Decision MakingVIII.VIII. Marginal Cost of CapitalIX. Appendix 11A: Cost of Capital and the Capital Asset Pricing ModelA.The basic form of the CAPM is a linear relationship between returns on individualstocks and the market over time. Using least squares regression analysis, thereturn on an individual stock K j is:B. The CAPM evolved into a risk premium model.12 The Capital Budgeting DecisionChapter Objectives1. Define capital budgeting decisions as long-term investment decisions.2. Explain that cash flows rather than accounting earnings are evaluated in the capitalbudgeting decision.3. Compare the ranking of investments by the payback method, the internal rate of return,and the net present value.4. Discuss the use of the cost of capital as the discount rate in capital budgeting analysis.5. Identify the incremental cash flow that result from an investment decision, including theaftertax operating benefits and the tax shield benefits of capital cost allowance (amortization).6. Perform NPV analysis to assist in the decision making concerning long-run investments.ContentsI. Characteristics of Capital Budgeting DecisionsA. Capital expenditures are outlays for projects with lives extending beyond one yearand perhaps for many years.B. Intensive planning is required.C. Capital expenditures usually require initial cash flows,D. The longer the time horizon associated with a capital expenditure, the greater theuncertainty.II. Administrative ConsiderationsIII. Accounting Flows versus Cash FlowsA. The capital budgeting process focuses on cash flows rather than income on anaftertax basis. Income figures do not reflect the cash available to a firm due tothe deduction of noncash expenditures such as amortization (CCA).B. Evaluation involves the incorporation of all incremental cash flows in the capitalbudgeting analysis. All costs and benefits that will occur as a result of theinvestment decision should be included in the analysis. Sunk costs are ignored.Opportunity costs included. Cash flows that would occur regardless of the capitalexpenditure are nonincremental and are irrelevant to the decision.C. Accounting flows are not totally disregarded in the capital budgeting process. IV. Methods for Ranking Investment ProposalsA. Payback MethodB. Internal Rate of Return (IRR)C. Net Present Value (NPV)V. Selection StrategyVI. Capital RationingVII. Net Present Value ProfileVIII. Capital Cost AllowanceA. The following formula gives the present value of all the tax savings resulting fromCCA of an acquired capital asset, taking into account the half rate rule assumingthe asset pool continues indefinitely.IX. Investment Tax CreditX. The Replacement Decision13 Risk and Capital BudgetingChapter Objectives1. Describe the concept of risk based on the uncertainty of future cash flows.2. Define risk as standard deviation, coefficient of variation, or beta.3. Describe most investors as risk averse.4. Utilize the basic methodology of risk adjusted discount rates for dealing with risk incapital budgeting analysis.5. Describe and apply the techniques of certainty equivalents, simulation models, sensitivityanalysis, and decision trees to help assess risk.6. Discuss how a project’s risk may be considered in a portfolio context.ContentsI. Risk in Capital BudgetingA. Management's ability to achieve the goal of owner's wealth maximization willlargely depend on success in dealing with risk.B. Definition: Variability of possible outcomes. The wider the distribution ofpossible outcomes for a particular investment, the greater its risk.C. Risk aversion is a basic assumption of financial theory. Investors require ahigher expected return the riskier an investment is perceived to be. Certainty ispreferred to uncertainty.II. The Measurement of RiskThe Coefficient of VariationBeta (β) is another measure of risk that is widely used in portfolio management.Beta measures the volatility of returns on an individual stock relative to a stockmarket index of returns. (See Appendix 11A for a thorough discussion.)III. Risk and the Capital Budgeting ProcessIV. Simulation ModelsV. The Portfolio EffectVI. The Share Price Effect14 Capital MarketsChapter Objectives1. Define money and capital markets.2. Outline the primary participants raising funds in the capital markets.3. Describe the Canadian economy as three major sectors allocating funds betweenthemselves.4. Outline the organization of the securities markets.5. Discuss the concept of market efficiency and its benefits to the economic system.6. Describe the changing financial environment.ContentsI. Money and Capital MarketsII. International Capital MarketsIII. Competition for Funds in the Capital MarketsIII. The Supply of Capital FundsIV. The Role of the Security MarketsV. The Organization of the Security MarketsA. The Organized ExchangesB. Foreign ExchangesC. Over the Counter Markets (OTC)VI. Recent Developments in TradingVII. Market EfficiencyA. Criteria of EfficiencyB. The more certain the income stream, the less volatile price movements will be andthe more efficient the market will be. This is because of the tremendous liquidityand volume of trades in these securities.C. The efficiency of the stock market is stated in three forms.VIII. Securities Regulation15 Investment Underwriting: Public andPrivate PlacementChapter Objectives1. Describe investment dealers as intermediaries between corporations and governmentin need of funds and the investing public.2. Outline the various roles investment dealers play in distributing and pricing corporatesecurities. Evaluate the impact of issued securities on earnings per share and share market price.3. Indicate how the distribution spread is allocated and calculate the potential returns tosyndicate participants.4. Outline the other functions the investment dealer performs for clients, including adviceon potential mergers and acquisitions.5. Outline the changes in the investment industry in Canada.6. Discuss the pros and cons of going public versus going private when raising funds.7. Describe a leveraged buyout.ContentsI. The Role of Investment Underwriting.A. The investment dealer serves as a middleperson in channeling funds from theinvestor to the corporation.II. Functions of the Investment Dealer.A. Underwriter:B. Market maker:C. Advising:D. A gency functions:III. The Distribution Process.IV. Pricing the SecurityV. Changes in the Investment IndustryVI. Underwriting Activity in CanadaA. In 1995 government issues represented 70 percent of underwriting activity in Canada.B. Equity issues totalled $14.3 billion in 1995, debt issues $9.5 billion in Canada and $10 billion in the U.S. capital markets.VII. Public versus Private FinancingA. Advantages of being publicB. Disadvantages of being publicC. Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) as distinquished from seasoned offerings are when a corporation first goes public in the market by selling equity. The price performance of these shares is particularly volatile because of the minimal information available in comparison to shares already trading in the markets.D. Private placement refers to selling securities directly to insurance companies, pension funds, and others rather than going through security markets.VIII. Largest Investment Deals16 Long-Term Debt and Lease FinancingChapter Objectives1. Describe the collateral pledged, the method of repayment, and identify other key features oflong term debt.2. Discuss bond yields and prices as influenced by how corporations and governments arerated by major bond rating services.3. Analyze the decision to call in and reissue debt (refund the obligation) when interest rateshave declined.4. Outline some of the innovative forms of raising long-term financing, includingzero-coupon rate bonds, floating rate bonds, and real return bonds.5. Outline the characteristics of long-term lease financing that make it an alternative form of long-term financing. From Appendix 16B, analyze a lease-versus-borrow-to-purchase decision.ContentsI. The Expanding Role of DebtII. Debt Contract Terminology and ProvisionsA. Par Value-the face value of a bond.B. Coupon Rate-the actual interest rate on a bond; annual interest/par value(semiannual installments usually).C. Maturity Date-the final date on which repayment of the debt principal is due.D. Indenture-lengthy, legal agreement detailing the issuer's obligations pertaining toa bond issue. The indenture is administered by an independent trustee.E. Security provisionsF. Unsecured debtG. Methods of Repayment of PrincipalIII. Bond Prices, Yields, and RatingsA. Bond prices are largely determined by the relationship of their coupon rate to thegoing market rate and the number of years until maturity.B. Bond yields are quoted on three different bases.C. Bond ratingsIV. The Refunding Decision V. Other Forms of Bond FinancingVI. Eurobond MarketVII. Advantages and Disadvantages of DebtVIII. Intermediate Term LoansVIII. Leasing as a Form of Debt17 Common and PreferredStock FinancingChapter Objectives1. Outline the rights of shareholders as owners of the corporation including a claim toundistributed income, the right to elect a board of directors, and other privileges.2. Briefly describe cumulative voting as a method to potentially give minority shareholdersrepresentation on the board of directors. Calculate the number of shares required to electa director.3. Describe a rights offering as a method used to raise funds for the firm and calculatevalues of rights, shares, and shareholder wealth during the rights-offering process.4. Describe poison pills and other provisions that make it difficult for outsiders to gaincontrol of the corporation against management wishes.5. Describe preferred shares as a type of security somewhere between debt and commonstock.6. Calculate the different tax treatment and resulting aftertax income from preferreddividends as compared to bond interest.7. Describe the features of various securities in a risk-return framework.ContentsI. Common Stock and Common ShareholdersA. Although management controls the corporation on a daily basis, ultimate controlof the firm resides in the hands of the shareholders.B. Management has become increasingly sensitive to the growing institutionalownership of common stock. Mutual funds, pension funds, insurance companiesand bank trust accounts are examples of financial institutions that in combinationown a large percentage of many leading corporations.II. Common shareholders’ claim to incomeA. Common shareholders have a residual claim on the income stream; the amountremaining after creditors and preferred shareholders have been satisfied belongsto the owners (common shareholders) whether paid in dividends or retained.There is no legal claim to dividends.B. A corporation may have several classes of common stock that differ in regard tovoting rights and claim on the earnings stream (e.g. Canadian Tire, Bombardier). III. The Voting Right。

昆明理工大学2010年硕士研究生招生入学考试试题考试科目代码：240 考试科目名称：英语试题适用招生专业：单考考生答题须知1． 所有题目（包括填空、选择、图表等类型题目）答题答案必须做在考点发给的答题纸上，做在本试题册上无效。

请考生务必在答题纸上写清题号。

2． 评卷时不评阅本试题册，答题如有做在本试题册上而影响成绩的，后果由考生自己负责。

3． 答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔作答（画图可用铅笔），用其它笔答题不给分。

nine million of them are healthy, busy, productive citizens. By the year 2030, one in every five people in the United States will be over 60. Elderly people are members of the fastest-growing minority in this country. Many call this the “graying of America”.昆明理工大学2010年硕士研究生招生入学考试试题In 1973, a group called the “Gray Panthers” was organized. This group is made up of young and old citizens. They are trying to deal with the special problems of growing old in America. The Gray Panthers know that many elderly people have health problems: some cannot walk well, others cannot see or hear well. Some have financial problems; prices are going up so fast that the elderly can’t afford the food, clothing, and housing they need. Some old people are afraid and have safety problems. Others have emotional problems. Many elderly are lonely because of the death of a husband or a wife. The Gray Panthers know another fact, too. Elderly people want to be as independent as possible. So, the Gray Panthers are looking for ways to solve the special problems of the elderly.The president of the Gray Panthers is Maggie Kuhn, an active woman, in her late 70s. She travels across the United States, educating both young and old about the concerns of elders. One of the problems she talks about is where and how elders live. She says that Americans do not encourage elders to live with younger people. As far as Maggie Kuhn is concerned, only elders who need constant medical care should be in nursing homes.Maggie Kuhn knows that elders need education, too. She spends lots of time talking to groups of older Americans. She encourages them to continue to live in their own houses if it is possible. She also tells them that it is important to live with younger people and to have children around them. This helps elders to stay young at heart.41. What health problems do many elderly have?A. They feel lonely.B. They are suffering from cancer.C. They cannot walk or see or hear well.emotions. This charming use of words is what we call literary style. Above all, the real poet is a master of words. He can convey his meaning in words which sing like music, and which by their position and association can move men to tears. We should therefore learn to choose our words carefully and use them accurately, or they will make our speech silly and dull.intelligence. It is a skill programmed into an animal's brain by its genetic heritage. Rote conditioning or cuing, in which animals learn to do or not to do certain things by following outside signals is also not intelligence, since tricks can be learned by repetition, but no real thinking is involved. Scientists believe insight, the ability to use tools, and communications using human language are effective measures.individual responsibility, freedom of choice, and reward.Though much of this sounds attractive, it has its roots as much in an economic body of thought as in social and political theory, and this must raise the question of whether it can be viably transferred to an educational context. Indeed, if by "educational" we mean the development of all within the school community, then free-market theory may miss the mark by concentrating on only one section, "the consumers". If teachers are seen as part of this community, then their development is just as important.昆明理工大学2010年硕士研究生招生入学考试试题Part III Translate the Following Passage into Chinese (20%)As we have entered the new century, human society is beginning its move from the industrial economy into the knowledge-based economy. In more specific terms, the application of information to the economy is best used in the networking of communication, or the so-called Net economy. This Net refers to the computer network of satellites, optic fibers, and telephone lines that connect the whole world. With the click of a mouse, information from the other end of the globe will be transported to your computer screen at the extremely fast speed of seven-and-a-half times around the earth per second. Generally, there are two aspects of the Net. One is the networking between businesses and their customers. The other is the networking between individual businesses, or the regional and global networking between industrial production and scientific research. Internet shopping belongs to the first aspect.From a long-term perspective, Internet shopping is but low-level aspect of the Net, and it is not very likely to become the most important trend. After all, most commodities are unsuitable for Internet shopping. Besides, if everyone shops on the Net, what will happen to the hundreds and thousands of shopping malls?Part IV Writing (20%)In this part, you are asked to write a passage based on the following topic “Fake Diploma” in at least 150 words. Your writing should be based on the following outline.1. 现在社会上有许多假文凭。

那么考研英语二主要针对哪些考生呢。弄清这个问题，大家要先弄清楚自己所考的硕士类别。近几年国家研 究生教育在进行改革，改革方向是将硕士分为两种:一种是学术性研究生，偏重学术方面，还有一种称为专业学位 研究生，偏重培养高级管理人才或专门人才，如职业经理人、会计师、工程师等等。这种分法在国外教育体制中 体现得很明显，典型的如英国。我们国家以后研究生培养方向将和文章中留出20个空白，要求考生从每题给出的4个选项中选出最佳答案。
该部分由A、B、C三节组成，考查考生理解书面英语的能力。共30小题，每小题2分，共60分。
A节（20小题）：主要考查考生理解主旨要义、具体信息、概念性含义，进行有关的判断、推理和引申，根 据上下文推测生词的词义等能力。要求考生根据所提供的4篇（总长度约为1600词）文章的内容，从每题所给出 的4个选项中选出最佳答案。考生在答题卡1上作答。
考生应掌握下列语言知识和技能： （一）语言知识 1、语法知识 考生应能熟练地运用基本的语法知识。 本大纲没有专门列出对语法知识的具体要求，其目的是鼓励考生用听、说、读、写的实践代替单纯的语法知 识学习，以求考生在交际中更准确、自如地运用语法知识。 2、词汇 考生应能掌握5500左右的词汇以及相关词组（详见附录1）。 除掌握词汇的基本含义外，考生还应掌握词汇之间的词义关系，如同义词、近义词、反义词等；掌握词汇之 间的搭配关系，如动词与介词、形容词与介词、形容词与名词等；掌握词汇生成的基本知识，如词源、词根、词 缀等。 英语语言的演化是一个世界范围内的动态发展过程，它受到科技发展和社会进步的影响。这意味着需要对本 大
2、细节题
阅读考题中，有一种细节性题目，重点集中在细节上。细节题也有难有易，较容易的可以根据题干或选项的 线索回原文定位，然后由相关句得到正确答案；较难的也可以在正确定位的基础上经过一定的推断得出正确的答 案。这类题的技巧性不大，最主要的是耐心和细心。

北京翻译研修学院2011-2012学年第二学期期末考试（A卷）年级：____________专业：________________姓名: ____________ 成绩：_________________I．语法和词汇。

(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分)1. They tried every way ______ the child, but it was too late.A. savingB. to saveC. to have savedD. to be saving2. What ______ you ______ when the war broke out?A. were, doingB. have, been doingC. are, doingD. did, do3. They have agreed to provide money ______ us.A. inB. atC. withD. for4. They ______ have a ticket for the movie.A. a lot ofB. manyC. everyD. each5. It ______ that the Marine was not the old man’s son.A. turned toB. turned upC. turned outD. turned down6. The old man couldn’t decide ______ of his children to leave his money to.A. whomB. whoC. whatD. which7. ______ 11:30 yesterday they had already had lunch.A. OnB. AtC. ByD. With8. A bridge is ______ built there now.A. beenB. beC. toD. being9. The city is known ______ its beautiful lakes.A. ofB. forC. withD. at10. It is strange _______ you should believe his words.A. whatB. thatC. whichD. when11. They need ______ students to help them.A. twenty or soB. or so twentyC. or twenty soD. twenty so12. The bus ran into a ______ train.A. passingB. passC. passedD. to pass13. Don’t tell Lao Lin about it, ______ ?A. will youB. won’t youC. can’t youD. can you14. The fire seems ______ out.A. to be putB. to have been putC. puttingD. to put15. Y ou can read the book here ______ you keep quiet.A. unlessB. whenC. as long asD. but16. The initials UN ______ The United Nations.A. stand byB. stand forC. stand atD. stand with17. He was interested in ______ I told him.A. whoeverB. howeverC. whateverD. that18. W ould you like me ______ where the nearest supermarket is ?A. to show youB. showing youC. show youD. and show you19. Ever since he was a boy, he ______ interested in math.A. isB. has beenC. wasD. have been20. Where there is a will, ______ is a way.A. hereB. thereC. whereD. nowhereII．阅读理解。