Quality of life and clinical outcome Source J Pediatr Surg SO 2015 Mar 13 [PMIDX25805004]
- 格式:pdf
- 大小:266.84 KB
- 文档页数:6
·综 述·西罗莫司治疗淋巴管畸形的研究进展苟艺凡*1 周倩2 李川松Δ3(1. 川北医学院临床医学系,四川 南充 637007;2. 四川大学华西口腔医院头颈肿瘤外科,四川 成都610041;3. 四川省医学科学院四川省人民医院,四川 成都 610031)摘要 头颈部淋巴管畸形可能造成毁容,诱发功能性合并症,甚至危及生命。
手术及药物治疗淋巴管畸形有一定效果,但复杂淋巴管畸形仍然是临床治疗难点。
西罗莫司是哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白的抑制剂,可减少内皮细胞血管内皮生长因子的生成,调节血管生成、细胞增殖、迁移和粘附,在淋巴管成熟和稳定中发挥关键作用。
近年临床研究提示该药物在治疗复杂淋巴管畸形治疗中有较好的应用前景,本文对其治疗机制和临床应用等研究进展进行综述。
关键词:脉管畸形;淋巴管畸形;西罗莫司;治疗Advances in the treatment of lymphatic malformation by SirolimusGou Yi-fan*1, Zhou Qian 2, Li Chuan-song Δ3(1. Department of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637007, Sichuan, China; 2. Department of Head and Neck Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; 3. Medical Scientific Academy in Sichuan People’sHospital, Chengdu 610031, China)Abstract Lymphatic malformation in oral and maxillofacial may cause malformation, induce functionalcomplications, and even endanger life. There are many related treatment methods, but the complicated lymphatic malformation of oral and maxillofacial is still a difficult point in clinical treatment. Sirolimus is an inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin, which can reduce the production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in endothelial cells, regulate angiogenesis, cell proliferation, migration and adhesion, and play a critical role in lymphatic maturation and stability. Recent clinical studies indicated that this drug has a good application prospect in the treatment of complex lymphatic malformations. This paper reviews the research progress of its therapeutic mechanism and clinical application.Key words: Vascular malformations; Lymphatic malformations; Sirolimus; Therapy*作者简介:苟艺凡,女,本科在读,Email :*****************;△通讯作者:李川松,男,副主任药师,主要研究抗血管新生药物的研发和临床应用,Email :****************。
应用便携式超声心输出量监护仪监测新生儿脓毒症的临床价值罗吉平;陈启雄;熊雯;叶晓敏【摘要】目的:探讨加强心功能监测对新生儿脓毒症诊疗的意义.方法:对观察组75例脓毒症新生儿和同一时期对应的75例对照组感染性肺炎新生儿利用便携式超声心输出量监护仪(USCOM)进行心功能监测.根据监测结果对观察组患儿进行相应治疗,记录末次治疗后的心功能指标,观察治疗效果.结果:治疗前,与感染性肺炎对照组相比,脓毒症观察组的各项心功能指标均明显异常(P<0.025).根据USCOM监测的心功能数据进行治疗后,观察组的各项心功能指标有了明显的好转,且治疗前后相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.025).结论:利用USCOM加强对心功能的监测有助于对新生儿脓毒症的诊断和治疗.%Objective: To explore the significance of cardiac function monitoring in the diagnosis and treatment of neonatal sepsis. Methods: The portable ultrasonic cardiac output monitor (USCOM) was used to monitor the cardiac function in the observation group (n = 75, neonatal sepsis) and the corresponding routine group (n = 75, infectious pneumonia neonatal) at the same time. The neonatal in the observation group were treated according to the monitoring result. The cardiac function indexes were recorded after the last treatment, and the therapeutic effect was observed. Results: Before treatment, compared with control group, neonatal pneumonia, sepsis group observation indexes of cardiac function were obviously abnormal heart function (P <0.025) According to the data of monitoring USCOM after treatment, the heart function index of the observation group was obviously improved, and the differences were statistically significant before and after treatment (P <0.025) Conclusion: The use of USCOM to monitor cardiac function during sepsis is helpful for the diagnosis and treatment of neonatal sepsis.【期刊名称】《心肺血管病杂志》【年(卷),期】2018(037)008【总页数】3页(P771-773)【关键词】脓毒症;新生儿;心功能;便携式超声心输出量监护仪【作者】罗吉平;陈启雄;熊雯;叶晓敏【作者单位】西昌市人民医院儿科, 615000;重庆医科大学附属儿童医院新生儿科;四川省医学科学院四川省人民医院超声科;西昌市人民医院消化内科, 615000【正文语种】中文【中图分类】R54新生儿脓毒血症(neonatal sepsis), 是根据2005年,国际儿科脓毒症共识会议组成成员提出的定义及概念,是化脓性细菌通过血流扩散至机体各器官并产生化脓性病灶[1]。
2022年3月第9卷第3期March.2022,Vol.9,No.3世界睡眠医学杂志WorldJournalofSleepMedicine459 作者简介:纪校敏(1984 10—),女,本科,主治医师,研究方向:小儿内科疾病儿童睡眠医学PediatricSleepMedicine身体质量指数与阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患儿缺氧程度、睡眠质量的相关性分析纪校敏(宁津县人民医院小儿内科,宁津,253400)摘要 目的:研究身体质量指数(BMI)与阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患儿缺氧程度、睡眠质量的相关性。
方法:选取2016年6月至2021年6月于宁津县人民医院就诊的85例OSAHS患儿作为观察组,另外选取同期在宁津县人民医院体检并及进行睡眠监测的85例健康儿童作为对照组,比较2组的BMI、缺氧程度及睡眠质量的差异,并分析OS AHS患儿BMI与缺氧程度、睡眠质量的相关性。
结果:观察组BMI、呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)、呼吸暂停时间(AT)及匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)评分均高于对照组(P<0 05),血氧饱和度(SaO2)低于对照组(P<0 05);经Pearson相关分析发现BMI与SaO2呈负相关(P<0 05),与PSQI评分呈正相关(P<0 05)。
结论:OSAHS患儿BMI、AHI及AT均比健康儿童高,相关分析显示,BMI越高,患儿缺氧程度越高,睡眠质量越差。
关键词 阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征;体质量指数;呼吸暂停低通气指数;睡眠质量AnalysisofCorrelationbetweenBMIandHypoxiaDegreeandSleepQualityinChildrenwithObstructiveSleepApneaHyponeaSyndromeJIXiaomin(DepartmentofPediatricInternalMedicine,NingjinCountyPeople′sHospital,Ningjin253400,China)Abstract Objective:Tostudythecorrelationbetweenbodymassindex(BMI)andhypoxiadegreeandsleepqualityinchildrenwithobstructivesleepapnea hypopneasyndrome(OSAHS) Methods:Atotalof85childrenwithOSAHSwhoweretreatedinthePeople′sHospitalofNingjinCountybetweenJune2016andJune2021wereselectedasobservationgroup,andanother85healthychildrenwhoreceivedphysicalexaminationandunderwentsleepmonitoringinthePeople′sHospitalofNingjinxianduringthesameperiodwereenrolledascontrolgroup ThedifferencesinBMI,hypoxiadegreeandsleepqualitywerecomparedbetweenthetwogroups,andthecorrelationbetweenBMIandhypoxiadegree,sleepqualitywasanalyzedamongchildrenwithOSAHS Results:TheBMI,apnea hypopneaindex(AHI),apneatime(AT)andscoreofPittsburghSleepQualityIndex(PSQI)inobservationgroupwerehigherthanthoseincontrolgroup(P<0 05)whilethebloodoxygensaturation(SaO2)waslowerthanthatincontrolgroup(P<0 05) PearsoncorrelationanalysisshowedthatBMIwasnegativelycorrelatedwithSaO2(P<0 05),andwaspositivelycorrelatedwithPSQIscore(P<0 05) Conclusion:TheBMI,AHIandATofchildrenwithOSAHSarehigherthanthoseofhealthychil dren CorrelationanalysisshowsthatthehighertheBMI,thesevererthehypoxiadegreeandtheworsethesleepqualityinchildren.Keywords Obstructivesleepapnea hypopneasyndrome;Bodymassindex;Apneahypopneaindex;Sleepquality中图分类号:R725 9文献标识码:Adoi:10.3969/j.issn.2095-7130.2022.03.029 阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(ObstructiveSleepApnea hypopneaSyndrome,OSAHS)是以气道上部分或全部塌陷为特征,影响正常通气量和睡眠质量的一类综合征[1],儿童OSAHS常见的症状有呼吸暂停、打鼾、睡眠障碍、日间嗜睡、记忆力下降等。
常规器械经自制手套port单孔腹腔镜肾盂成形术治疗小儿肾盂输尿管连接处梗阻范登信;梁朝朝;潮敏;张殷;李道龙;蒋加斌;方向;张开平【摘要】探讨常规器械经自制手套port单孔腹腔镜肾盂成形术治疗小儿肾盂输尿管连接处梗阻的可行性和安全性,评估其临床应用价值.回顾性分析40例肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻患儿,其中左侧33例,右侧7例.所有病例由同一术者完成经脐单孔腹腔镜离断式肾盂成形术,取环脐缘皱褶处1.5~2 cm切口,置入自制手套port,双手常规器械操作.术后3个月超声提示肾盂前后径明显减少,肾皮质厚度明显增加.静脉尿路造影可见吻合口通畅,脐周无明显手术瘢痕.采用常规器械经自制手套port单孔腹腔镜肾盂成形术治疗小儿肾盂输尿管连接处梗阻,效果确切,安全性好,术后美容效果满意,值得推广.【期刊名称】《安徽医科大学学报》【年(卷),期】2018(053)004【总页数】4页(P635-638)【关键词】常规器械;自制手套port;单孔腹腔镜;肾盂成形术【作者】范登信;梁朝朝;潮敏;张殷;李道龙;蒋加斌;方向;张开平【作者单位】安徽省儿童医院泌尿外科,合肥230051;安徽医科大学第一附属医院泌尿外科,合肥230022;安徽省儿童医院泌尿外科,合肥230051;安徽省儿童医院泌尿外科,合肥230051;安徽省儿童医院泌尿外科,合肥230051;安徽省儿童医院泌尿外科,合肥230051;安徽省儿童医院泌尿外科,合肥230051;安徽省儿童医院泌尿外科,合肥230051【正文语种】中文【中图分类】R692.2;R726.9肾盂输尿管连接处梗阻是小儿肾积水常见的原因,腹腔镜离断式肾盂成形术已是被广泛认可的治疗方法。
随着医疗技术的发展,无瘢痕手术的理念越来越受到人们的重视,而单孔腹腔镜手术正是介于标准腹腔镜手术和经自然腔道手术之间的一种方法,因其创伤小、恢复快、效果确切、美容效果好,符合医学伦理规范,目前被国内外越来越多的外科医师所青睐。
健胃消食口服液与肠胃康合剂治疗儿童功能性消化不良的疗效比较刘秋云【摘要】目的:比较健胃消食口服液与肠胃康合剂治疗儿童功能性消化不良的效果.方法:将112例被诊断为儿童功能性消化不良的患儿采用数字随机法分为2组,各56例,观察组使用健胃消食口服液进行治疗,对照组使用肠胃康合剂进行治疗,疗程结束后比较2组疗效和安全性.结果:治疗后,2组症状均较治疗前有明显改善(P<0.01);2组有效、显效、无效差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但观察组痊愈率低于对照组(P<0.05);2组患儿治疗后达到正常胃电节律的例数均明显增多(P<0.01),且观察组达到胃电节律正常的例数较观察组多(P<0.05).结论:2种药物治疗均具有很好疗效,但健胃消食口服液在回复胃部电节律方面疗效更好.%Objective:To analyze the effects between Jianweixiaoshi oral liquid and intestine-stomach Kang mixture in the treatment of functional dyspepsia of children.Methods:One hundred and twelve children with functional dyspepsia were randomly divided into the observation group and control group using the digital method(56 cases each group). The observation group and control group were treated with Jianweixiaoshi oral liquid and intestine-stomach Kang mixture,respectively.The therapeutic effect and safety between two groups were compared after treatment. Results:The difference of clinical symptom between two groups before treatment was not statistically significant(P>0.05).After treatment,the symptoms in two groups were significantly improved compared before treatment(P<0.01),and the difference of the symptom improvement between twogroups was not statistically significant(P >0.05). The difference of the effective rate between two groups was not statisticallysignificant(P>0.05),but the cure rate in observation group was lower than that in control group(P <0.05). After treatment,the number of cases with normal gastric electric rhythm significantly increased(P<0.01),and which in observation group was higher than that in control group(P<0.05).Conclusions:The curative effects of two kinds of medication are good,the cure rate of intestine-stomach in treating the functional dyspepsia of children is better, and the gastric electric rhythm of Jianweixiaoshi oral liquid in treating the functional dyspepsia of children is better,which is worthy of reference in clinic.【期刊名称】《蚌埠医学院学报》【年(卷),期】2017(042)010【总页数】3页(P1386-1388)【关键词】功能性消化不良;健胃消食口服液;肠胃康合剂【作者】刘秋云【作者单位】北京京都儿童医院有限公司内科,100085【正文语种】中文【中图分类】R723.1儿童功能性消化不良是常见的小儿消化内科疾病,由于儿童正处在生长发育阶段,此种疾病会引起儿童营养不良,如不及时治疗会造成极其严重的后果,目前治疗这种疾病的方法除了临床上药物治疗还有调整饮食、精神方面等,但是在确切的改变症状和控制病情角度上来看,还应将药物治疗作为首选,近年来对于儿童功能性消化不良的研究也在各个医院的临床广泛开展[1-2],但用药较为局限,改善症状的具体方向也不明了,故我院特开展临床试验,研究2种药物治疗此病的疗效和区别,现作报道。
钬激光尿道内切开术联合肾筋膜扩张器治疗小儿尿道狭窄魏澎涛;韩兴涛;张寒;霍庆祥【摘要】目的:研究钬激光尿道内切开术联合肾筋膜扩张器治疗小儿尿道狭窄的疗效及安全性。
方法对2010年6月~2013年1月收治的36例男性尿道狭窄患儿,行钬激光尿道内切开术联合肾筋膜扩张器治疗,记录狭窄复发率及尿失禁、尿外渗等并发症发生的情况,并行尿流率测定进行为期6~12个月的随访。
结果患儿均手术顺利,无尿失禁、尿外渗等并发症,拔管后复查尿流率,均显著高于术前。
结论钬激光尿道内切开术联合肾筋膜扩张器治疗小儿尿道狭窄具有安全、微创、术后复发率低等优点,是治疗小儿尿道狭窄的安全有效的方法之一。
%Objective To study the clinical efficacy and safety of Holmium laser combined with renal sheath dilators in children urethral stricture. Methods From June 2010 to January 2013, 36 cases with urethral stricture were underwent holmium laser combined in our center with the renal sheath dilators.The complication were recorded including urinary incontinence, urinous infiltration and secondary hemorrhage,etc. The uroflowmetry was used to evaluate therapeutic outcomes, The follow-up time was 6 month to12month. Results The surgery was successfully conducted in all cases and no complications were found in all cases. The flow rate were significantly higher than those in preoperation. Conclusion Holmium laser in combination with renal sheath dilators for children with urethral stricture is one of safe and effective minimally invasive therapeutic approaches.【期刊名称】《中国医药科学》【年(卷),期】2014(000)001【总页数】3页(P187-188,191)【关键词】钬激光;肾筋膜扩张器;尿道狭窄【作者】魏澎涛;韩兴涛;张寒;霍庆祥【作者单位】郑州大学附属洛阳市中心医院泌尿外科,河南洛阳471000;郑州大学附属洛阳市中心医院泌尿外科,河南洛阳471000;郑州大学附属洛阳市中心医院泌尿外科,河南洛阳471000;郑州大学附属洛阳市中心医院泌尿外科,河南洛阳471000【正文语种】中文【中图分类】R699小儿尿道狭窄是泌尿外科常见病,多见于尿道外伤或尿道下裂术后[1],由于小儿尿道腔道小,组织脆弱,因此对待小儿尿道狭窄的处理相对成人来说要求更加严格[2],处理尿道狭窄的方法多种多样,部分尿道狭窄患者可以利用尿道扩张治疗。
·学术交流·伴非自杀性自我伤害行为的青少年抑郁障碍患者危险因素分析李畅,张迎黎摘要: 目的:探讨青少年抑郁障碍患者发生非自杀性自我伤害(NSSI)行为相关危险因素。
方法:回顾性收集269例青少年抑郁障碍患者,将其划分为伴NSSI行为组209例及不伴NSSI行为组60例。
收集患者的人口学资料、临床基本信息及儿童抑郁量表(CDI)、儿童青少年多维度焦虑量表(MASC)评分等。
筛选出自变量(P<0.05)纳入Logistic回归,分析各自变量与患者NSSI行为的关系。
结果:两组年龄、性别、年级、既往疗效、自杀未遂史、伴精神病性症状、CDI评分、MASC评分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。
Logistic回归分析显示性别、自杀未遂史、既往疗效、抑郁严重程度为青少年抑郁障碍患者NSSI行为的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。
在预测青少年抑郁障碍NSSI行为方面,受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线下面积AUC为0.820,95%CI为0.761~0.879,约登指数为0.48,灵敏度为0.938,特异度为0.542。
结论:性别、自杀未遂史、既往疗效、抑郁严重程度为伴NSSI行为青少年抑郁障碍患者的独立危险因素,联合各危险因素建立的模型检验效能良好。
关键词: 青少年; 抑郁障碍; 非自杀性自我伤害; 危险因素; 住院患者中图分类号: R749.4 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1005 3220(2023)03 0201 04Riskfactorsanalysisfornon suicidalself injurybehaviorsinadolescentswithdepressivedisorder LIChang,ZHANGYing li.SchoolofMentalHealthandPsychologicalScience,AnhuiMedicalUniversity,Hefei230032,ChinaAbstract: Objective:Toinvestigatetheriskfactorsofnon suicidalself injury(NSSI)behaviorinado lescentpatientswithdepressivedisorder. Method:269adolescentpatientswithdepressivedisorderwereret rospectivelycollectedanddividedintoNSSIbehaviorgroup(209cases)andnon NSSIbehaviorgroup(60ca ses).Demographicdata,basicclinicalinformation,Children'sDepressionInventory(CDI)scaleandTheMulti dimensionalAnxietyScaleforChildren(MACS)scoreswerecollected.Independentvariables(P<0.05)wereselectedforLogisticregressionanalysistoanalyzetherelationshipbetweenvariablesandpatients'NSSI Results:Thereweresignificantdifferencesinage,gender,grade,previouscurativeeffect,historyofsuicideat tempt,psychiatricsymptoms,CDIscoreandMASCscore(P<0.05).Genderandhistoryofattemptedsuicide,previousefficacy,andseverityofdepressionwereindependentriskfactorsforNSSIbehavior(P<0.05).Thereceiveroperatingcharacteristics(ROC)curveAUCwas0.820,95%CIwas0.761-0.879,Youdenindexwas0.48,sensitivitywas0.938,andspecificitywas0.542. Conclusion:Gender,historyofsuicideattempt,previouscurativeeffectandseverityofdepressionwerefoundtobeindependentriskfactorsforadolescentdepressivedisorderwithNSSI.Themodelestablishedbycombiningtheriskfactorsiseffective.Keywords: adolescent; depressivedisorder; non suicidalself injury; riskfactors; inpatients基金项目:广东省高水平临床重点专科(深圳市配套建设经费)资助(SZGSP013)作者单位:230032 安徽医科大学精神卫生与心理科学学院(李畅,张迎黎);深圳市康宁医院(张迎黎)通信作者:张迎黎,E Mail:yinglizhang2000@163.comDOI:10.3969/j.issn.1005 3220.2023.03.008抑郁障碍通常病情迁延,具有反复发作的疾病特点。
㊃文献综述㊃腔镜技术在乳腺良性肿瘤中的应用进展王芹芹㊀综述㊀解云涛∗㊀审校(北京大学国际医院乳腺外科,北京㊀102206)㊀㊀文献标识:A㊀㊀㊀㊀文章编号:1009-6604(2021)01-0077-04doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-6604.2021.01.018㊀㊀乳腺良性肿瘤是女性常见病,常需要外科手术干预,在治愈疾病的同时更加追求个体化㊁微创化和形体美观㊂乳腔镜技术在追求切口隐蔽和微创的同时可达到常规手术的治疗效果,具有突出的微创和美容效果㊂乳腺良性肿瘤患者更加注重术后美容效果,乳腔镜最能体现其应用价值㊂现将腔镜技术在乳腺良性肿瘤中的应用进展作一综述㊂1㊀乳腔镜技术简介20世纪后期微创外科技术的进步为乳腺手术的发展开辟了新的空间㊂腔镜技术是最具代表性的微创外科技术,1992年Kompatscher[1]首先将腔镜技术用于取出乳房整形后挛缩的假体,开创了腔镜技术应用于乳腺外科的先例㊂乳腔镜的手术设备㊁器械与腹腔镜手术相同,主要包括摄像系统㊁录像装置㊁显示系统㊁冷光源㊁充气机等设备,以及trocar㊁镜头㊁超声刀㊁电凝钩㊁分离钳㊁抓钳和持针器等器械[2]㊂与其他有自然腔隙的腔镜手术不同,乳腺及腋窝本身没有腔隙,需要建立手术操作空间㊂1998年Kitamura等[3]首次报道应用乳腔镜切除乳腺良性肿瘤,采用腋中线三孔入路,扩张气囊钝性分离联合CO2灌注的方法建立皮下操作空间完成手术㊂而对于乳房内象限的肿块,由于操作路径远,乳腔镜腋窝入路手术难度大㊂2001年Tamaki等[4]首次提出乳晕入路切除乳房内象限的肿块,解决了腋窝入路手术操作的困难㊂以后乳腔镜技术进一步拓展㊂Osanai等[5]通过腋窝入路钝性分离乳房后间隙,灌注CO2维持操作空间,完成肿瘤切除㊂乳房后间隙操作空间的建立保证乳腔镜可操作范围,手术不必考虑肿瘤在乳房的位置[6],同时可解决乳晕入路切除乳房内象限肿物带来的乳房外形改变㊁乳头感觉丧失等问题㊂也有通过悬吊法建立操作空间的报道[7~9],可免除灌注CO2带来的高碳酸血症,但手术往往需要自制的悬吊器械或装置㊂Lai等[10]将3D腔镜系统引入乳腺手术,进一步丰富了乳腔镜手术设备㊂乳腔镜操作上与腹腔镜手术没有明显不同,可应用电钩进行一般部位的脂肪㊁纤维组织分离,重要神经㊁血管的操作可通过超声刀完成㊂良性病灶切除后,较大的标本可通过标本袋[11]或切小后取出㊂2㊀乳腔镜切除乳腺良性肿瘤的应用乳腺肿瘤以良性居多,包括纤维腺瘤㊁叶状肿瘤㊁导管内乳头状瘤等,治疗方法主要是手术切除㊂手术目的除了去除病灶外,更多关注与恶性肿瘤相区别,争取不漏诊的同时不盲目扩大良性肿瘤的手术指征,所以有必要获取术前病理诊断以帮助临床决策㊂纤维腺瘤是最常见的乳腺良性肿瘤,好发于20岁左右的年轻女性[12,13]㊂无症状的纤维腺瘤不需要特殊处理,伴有症状的2cm以上纤维腺瘤,或肿瘤生长较快,或有乳腺癌相关危险因素(乳腺癌病史㊁家族史㊁BRCA基因),多发㊁较大瘤体影响外观同时病人手术意愿强烈,可纳入手术范围[14~16]㊂叶状肿瘤有良性㊁交界性㊁恶性之分,治疗主要靠手术完整切除,手术指征明确[17]㊂导管内乳头状瘤常表现为乳头溢液,瘤体较小难以触及,且常多发,累及导管分布广泛,需要术中探查,治疗以开放手术区段切除为主,不宜腔镜手术切除[18~20]㊂∗通讯作者,E-mail:xieyuntao@年轻女性对乳房形态㊁外观㊁功能要求较高,传统手术易在乳房表面遗留手术瘢痕,会给年轻女性尤其未婚育患者造成一定的生理和心理伤害㊂乳腔镜手术通常选取远离病灶的微小㊁隐蔽切口,腔镜的放大作用使解剖结构更为清晰,有利于术中有效保护神经㊁血管㊁淋巴管,减少出血,追求微创㊁美容的同时达到常规手术治疗的效果㊂2.1㊀手术适应证Kitamura等[3]1998年首次应用乳腔镜技术切除5cm大小的乳腺纤维腺瘤,2001年继续报道36例[21],认为对于追求美容效果的年轻女性,乳腔镜是治疗乳腺良性肿瘤的首选手术方式㊂所有乳腺良性肿瘤理论上均适合行腔镜治疗㊂对于直径3~ 8cm的大乳腺纤维腺瘤,腔镜手术的优势更明显[22]㊂如果肿块<2cm㊁位置深㊁体表不能触及,因病灶定位困难,选择腔镜手术需谨慎㊂而对于>8 cm的肿块,因空间暴露有限㊁肿块取出困难等原因,也不适合行腔镜手术㊂Lai等[23]报道腔镜手术治疗286例乳腺良性肿瘤,肿瘤平均直径2.2cm,距离乳头平均5.2cm,认为远离乳头乳晕区的中大体积(>2cm)的肿瘤更适合行腔镜治疗㊂对于多象限多发乳腺纤维腺瘤,传统手术难免在乳房表面留下多处瘢痕,更适合行乳腔镜手术㊂陈道宝等[24]对12例乳腺多发性纤维腺瘤(共58个瘤体)行腋窝入路腔镜切除,均为单侧乳腺多发肿瘤,临床体检肿块数目3~9个,肿瘤位置以乳腺中央区深面为主,各象限散布,直径0.5~5.0cm,平均2.2cm,认为乳腔镜对于多象限多发良性肿瘤尤其年轻女性对乳房形态㊁外观㊁功能要求较高者更为适宜㊂Mlees等[25]报道40例良性肿瘤乳腔镜手术,肿瘤位于乳房任何象限,其中16例为多发肿瘤(共38个瘤体),88%的患者认为美容效果良好㊂乳腔镜手术治疗乳腺良性肿瘤的适应证有待进一步规范,我们总结应考虑以下几点:①患者有迫切的美容要求,且术前诊断明确为良性肿瘤;②体表可及单发瘤体(肿瘤直径<乳房的1/3为宜)或多象限多发肿瘤可通过建立一个操作空间完成切除;③肿瘤位于非乳头乳晕区(易损伤主乳管导致哺乳障碍)㊂2.2㊀手术效果与常规开放手术相比,乳腔镜手术优势在于其突出的美容效果,同时并发症发生率没有升高[26,27]㊂Lai等[23]报道323例次腔镜乳腺良性肿瘤切除,85.4%患者对术后美容效果满意,手术并发症发生率6.5%,都是与伤口有关的轻微并发症㊂骆成玉等[28]报道单切口乳晕或腋窝入路乳腔镜良性肿瘤切除64例(70次手术),瘢痕隐蔽,并发症2例(皮肤灼伤㊁皮下淤血),其余患者对术后美容效果较满意㊂洪泓[29]将71例乳腺纤维腺瘤按照患者意愿分为腔镜手术组(38例)和常规手术组(33例),对比显示腔镜组术中出血量显著少于常规手术组[(3.2ʃ0.8)g vs.(5.2ʃ1.1)g,P=0.000],2组均未出现皮下血肿㊁积液㊁瘀斑和切口红肿等并发症㊂乳腔镜手术并发症一般都是与皮瓣或伤口相关的[30],皮瓣坏死㊁乳头缺血及感觉丧失[31]多与手术采用乳晕区切口及术中过度牵拉或电灼伤有关,操作过程中应注意避免长时间过度牵拉,涉及乳头乳晕区时,注意保护乳头血供㊂皮下气肿㊁高碳酸血症等并发症,与采用CO2建立气腔有关,术中应注意维持安全的气压范围,严密监测动脉血CO2分压㊂除美容效果外,肿瘤残留㊁术后复发的问题同样是需要关注的重点㊂向国安等[32]报道乳腔镜治疗乳腺良性肿瘤68例,常规行术中冰冻病理检查,随访3~36个月,平均12个月,无一例复发㊂Lai 等[23]报道腔镜切除323例乳腺良性肿瘤,163例(50%)行术前病理诊断,术后病理提示乳腺恶性肿瘤5例(2%),切缘均为阴性,1例因切缘<1mm再行扩大切除且未见肿瘤残留㊂Yamashita等[26]报道乳腔镜肿瘤切除100例(良性18例,恶性82例),术前染料标记切缘大于瘤体边缘2cm以上,术中行快速冰冻病理检查,术后行乳腺超声及MRI随访最长50个月(平均25个月),未见肿瘤复发㊂与传统手术相比,乳腔镜手术可获得相同的安全切缘,肿瘤残留㊁复发无明显差异,但目前尚缺乏长期的临床肿瘤学效果研究[33,34]㊂现有的乳腔镜肿瘤学报道多为乳腺癌相关,结合临床经验,我们认为,乳腔镜良性肿瘤手术前需取得病理诊断并体表标记手术范围,术中对标本切缘进行标记,术后行乳腺超声检查监测肿瘤残留㊁复发等问题㊂2.3㊀手术局限性腔镜技术在乳腺疾病领域的应用已有10余年,但由于自身的原因,一直未能广泛普及㊂目前乳腔镜手术尚不能完全替代大多数常规手术,原因主要有以下几点:①常规开放手术一般在局部浸润麻醉下进行,门诊手术即可开展,而乳腔镜手术需要住院在监控下行全身麻醉,麻醉和手术费用高,风险大㊂较高的手术费用与术中使用的一次性耗材有关,手术的成本效益分析有待进一步明确[33]㊂②与常规开放手术相比,乳腔镜手术设备复杂,手术操作难度高,手术耗时长[35],要求术者具备腔镜手术和乳腺外科开放手术的基础,需要一定的学习周期[36],推广有一定的难度㊂3㊀小结乳腔镜手术的发展开拓了乳腺疾病外科治疗的新领域,随着乳腔镜技术日趋成熟,其在乳腺恶性肿瘤[37~39]的治疗方面也得到应用㊂乳腔镜手术弥补常规开放手术的不足,治疗疾病的同时兼顾美观,改善患者的术后生活质量,尤其适合于有较高美容要求的乳腺良性疾病患者㊂但是手术适应证的选择㊁手术效果的长期随访㊁手术成本控制等问题还需进一步的探讨㊂参考文献1㊀Kompatscher P.Endoscopic capsulotomy of capsular contracture after breast augmentation:a very challenging therapeutic approach.Plast Reconstr Surg,1992,90(6):1125-1126.2㊀中华医学会外科学分会内分泌外科学组.乳腺疾病腔镜手术技术操作指南(2016版).中华乳腺病杂志(电子版),2016,10 (4):193-199.3㊀Kitamura K,Hashizume M,Kataoka A,et al.Transaxillary approach for the endoscopic extirpation of benign breast tumors.Surg Laparosc Endosc,1998,8(4):277-279.4㊀Tamaki Y,Sakita I,Miyoshi Y,et al.Transareolar endoscopy-assisted partial mastectomy:a preliminary report of six cases.Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech,2001,11(6):356-362.5㊀Osanai T,Nihei Z,Ichikawa W,et al.Endoscopic resection of benign breast tumors:retromammary space approach.Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech,2002,12(2):100-103.6㊀Liu H,Huang CK,Yu PC,et al.Retromammary approach for endoscopic resection of benign breast lesions.World J Surg,2009,33 (12):2572-2578.7㊀陈中扬,徐力堃,赵丽梅,等.腔镜下乳腺保留乳头乳晕全乳切除术.中华乳腺病杂志(电子版),2016,10(2):113-114.8㊀Lai HW,Lin SL,Chen ST,et al.Single-axillary-incision endoscopic-assisted hybrid technique for nipple-sparing mastectomy:technique, preliminary results,and patient-reported cosmetic outcome from preliminary50procedures.Ann Surg Oncol,2018,25:1340-1349. 9㊀Wang ZH,Ng HI,Teng CS,et al.Outcomes of single-port gasless laparoscopic breast-conserving surgery for breast cancer:an observational study.Breast J,2019,25(3):461-464.10㊀Lai HW,Chen ST,Mok CW,et al.Single-port3-dimensional videoscope-assisted endoscopic nipple-sparing mastectomy in themanagement of breast cancer.Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open,2019, 7(8):e2367.11㊀Cheng PJ,Vu LT,Cass DL,et al.Endoscopic specimen pouch technique for removal of giant fibroadenomas of the breast.J Pediatr Surg,2012,47(4):803-807.12㊀Javed A,Jenkins SM,Labow B,et al.Intermediate and long-term outcomes of fibroadenoma excision in adolescent and young adult patients.Breast J,2019,25(1):91-95.13㊀Egwuonwu OA,Anyanwu S,Chianakwana GU,et al.Fibroadenoma: accuracy of clinical diagnosis in females aged25years or less.Niger J Clin Pract,2016,19(3):336-338.14㊀Dialani V,Chansakul T,Lai KC,et al.Enlarging biopsy-proven fibroadenoma:is surgical excision necessary?Clin Imaging,2019, 57:35-39.15㊀Stachs A,Stubert J,Reimer T,et al.Benign breast disease in women.Dtsch Arztebl Int,2019,116(33-34):565-574.16㊀Neville G,Neill CO,Murphy R,et al.Is excision biopsy of fibroadenomas based solely on size criteria warranted?Breast J, 2018,24(6):981-985.17㊀Zhou ZR,Wang CC,Yang ZZ,et al.Phyllodes tumors of the breast: diagnosis,treatment and prognostic factors related to recurrence.J Thorac Dis,2016,8(11):3361-3368.18㊀Tatarian T,Sokas C,Rufail M,et al.Intraductal papilloma with benign pathology on breast corebiopsy:to excise or not?Ann Surg Oncol,2016,23(8):2501-2507.19㊀Langer F,Hille-Betz U,Kreipe HH.Papillary lesions of the breast. Der Pathologe,2014,35(1):36-44.20㊀Ni YB,Tse GM.Pathological criteria and practical issues in papillary lesions of the breast:a review.Histopathology,2016,68(1):22-32.21㊀Kitamura K,Inoue H,Ishida M,et al.Endoscopic extirpation of benign breast tumors using an extramammary approach.Am J Surg, 2001,181(3):211-214.22㊀李㊀晨.腔镜下行乳腺大纤维腺瘤切除术的临床效果.广西医学,2017,39(7):983-986.23㊀Lai HW,Lin HY,Chen SL,et al.Endoscopy-assisted surgery for the management of benign breast tumors:technique,learning curve,and patient-reported outcome from preliminary323procedures.World J Surg Oncol,2017,15(1):19-27.24㊀陈道宝,杨红健,谢尚闹,等.乳腺多发性纤维腺瘤的腔镜治疗.中国微创外科杂志,2008,8(3):251-252.25㊀Mlees MA,El-Sherpiny WY,Moussa HR.Transaxillary endoscopic excision of benign breast tumors,early institution experience.Breast J,2020,26(4):672-678.26㊀Yamashita K,Shimizu K.Endoscopic video-assisted breast surgery: procedures and short-term results.J Nippon Med Sch,2006,73(4): 193-202.27㊀Du J,Liang Q,Qi X,et al.Endoscopic nipple sparing mastectomy with immediate implant-based reconstruction versus breast conserving surgery:a long-term study.Sci Rep,2017,7:45636.28㊀骆成玉,薛㊀镭,林㊀华,等.乳腔镜微小隐蔽切口切除乳腺良性肿块的临床观察.中华医学杂志,2003,83(14):1233-1235. 29㊀洪㊀泓.经腋前线单切口腔镜切除乳腺纤维瘤手术分析.中华腔镜外科杂志(电子版),2016,9(3):180-182.30㊀Lai HW,Mok CW,Chang YT,et al.Endoscopic assisted breast conserving surgery for breast cancer:clinical outcome,learning curve,and patient reported aesthetic results from preliminary100 procedures.Eur J Surg Oncol,2020,46(8):1446-1455.31㊀Wang Y,Wu JX,Guan S.A technique of endoscopic nipple-sparing mastectomy for breast Cancer.JSLS,2017,21(2):e2017.00028. 32㊀向国安,陈开运,王汗宁,等.乳腔镜治疗乳腺良性肿瘤68例.中国微创外科杂志,2006,6(4):275-276.33㊀Mok CW,Lai HW.Evolution of minimal access breast surgery.Gland Surg,2019,8(6):784-793.34㊀Mok CW,Lai HW.Endoscopic-assisted surgery in the management of breast cancer:20years review of trend,techniques and outcomes. Breast,2019,46:144-156.35㊀Lai HW,Chen ST,Chen DR,et al.Current trends in and indications for endoscopy-assisted breast surgery for breast cancer:results from a six-year study conducted by the Taiwan Endoscopic Breast SurgeryCooperative Group.PLoS One,2016,11(3):e0150310.36㊀Hung CS,Chang SW,Liao LM,et al.The learning curve of endoscopic total mastectomy in Taiwan:a multi-center study.PLoS One,2017,12(6):e0178251.37㊀Satake T,Narui K,Muto M,et al.Endoscopic nipple-sparing mastectomy with immediate multistage fat grafting for total breast reconstruction:a new combination for minimal scar breast cancer surgery.Plast Reconstr Surg,2018,142(5):816e-818e.38㊀Franceschini G,Visconti G,Garganese G,et al.Nipple-sparing mastectomy combined with endoscopic immediate reconstruction via axillary incision for breast cancer:a preliminary experience of an innovative technique.Breast J,2020,26(2):206-210.39㊀Wang ZH,Qu X,Teng CS,et al.Preliminary results for treatment of early stage breast cancer with endoscopic subcutaneous mastectomy combined with endoscopic sentinel lymph node biopsy in China.J Surg Oncol,2016,113(6):616-620.(收稿日期:2020-08-24)(修回日期:2020-11-22)(责任编辑:王惠群)。
二分髌骨的研究进展发表时间:2019-05-15T16:31:52.210Z 来源:《医师在线》2019年3月6期作者:白冰怡[导读] 二分髌骨临床相对少见,二分髌骨被认为是一种骨化发育异常。
白冰怡(成都体育学院;四川成都610041)【摘要】二分髌骨临床相对少见,二分髌骨被认为是一种骨化发育异常。
多数无症状,为偶然发现。
二分髌骨有时被误诊为髌骨骨折,因为这两种情况的 x 线图像非常相似。
本文查阅和收集相关资料,对二分髌骨的认识及有效的治疗方法进行叙述。
【关键词】二分髌骨;误诊;髌骨骨折[ 中图分类号 ]R2 [ 文献标号 ]A [ 文章编号 ]2095-7165(2019)06-0214-02二分髌骨被认为是一种骨化发育异常,通常是偶然发现的[1],[2]。
Gruber 于 1883 年首次报道了一例二分髌骨病例[3],他发现一个21岁农民的双侧髌骨均被分为大的下内片和小的上外片。
在一般人群中,双股髌骨的发生率较低,报告的发生率仅为 0.2–1.7% [4],[5],[6]。
该病男性多于女性,单侧多于双侧[7],[8],[9],[10] 。
大多数二分髌骨无症状。
不到2%的病例出现症状[11],并且这些病例更常见于青少年和年轻成人的损伤或过度使用[12]。
由于二分髌骨的临床症状和影像学表现与髌骨骨折相似,有时难以区分[13],[14],[15]。
近几十年来发表了许多关于二分或三分髌骨的报道,大多集中在治疗和能帮助确诊的辅助检查上[16],[17],[18],[19]。
1 二分髌骨的形成髌骨在膝关节前部,是人体最大的籽骨[20]。
主要骨化中心出现在4-6岁,附属骨化中心出现在12岁左右[21]。
23% 的儿童有2~3个附属骨化中心,主要中心在儿童期和青春期与附件合并。
然而,在2%的儿童中,这些中心不合并[22]。
这种骨不连可能导致二分髌骨、三分髌骨或多分髌骨。
有三个主要因素可能阻止这些骨化中心合并在一起。
Qualityoflifeandclinicaloutcomeafterthyroidsurgeryinchildren:A13yearssinglecenterexperience
EvaStokhuijzena,AlidaF.W.vanderSteegb,c,ElsJ.NieveenvanDijkumd,HannekeM.vanSantene,1,A.S.PaulvanTrotsenburga,⁎,1
aDepartmentofPediatricEndocrinology,EmmaChildren'sHospital,AcademicMedicalCenter,UniversityofAmsterdam,Meibergdreef9,Amsterdam,TheNetherlands
bPediatricSurgicalCenterofAmsterdam,EmmaChildren'sHospitalAcademicMedicalCenterandVUUniversityMedicalCenter,Meibergdreef9,Amsterdam,TheNetherlands
cCenterofResearchonPsychologyinSomaticDiseases(CoRPS),TilburgUniversity,Waranda2,Tilburg,TheNetherlands
dDepartmentofEndocrineSurgery,AcademicMedicalCenter,UniversityofAmsterdam,Meibergdreef9,Amsterdam,TheNetherlands
eDepartmentofPediatricEndocrinology,UniversityHospitalforChildrenandYouth'HetWilhelminaKinderziekenhuis'UniversityMedicalCentreUtrecht,Utrecht,theNetherlands
abstractarticleinfoArticlehistory:Received2December2014Receivedinrevisedform17February2015Accepted23February2015Availableonlinexxxx
Keywords:ThyroidsurgeryChildrenAdolescentsQualityoflifeClinicaloutcome
Background:Giventhelowmortalityofpediatricpatientsdiagnosedwiththyroiddisease,qualityoflife(QoL)afterthyroidsurgeryisveryimportant.ToorganizethebestpossiblepatientcareweanalyzedourexperiencewithrespecttoQoLandclinicaloutcome.Methods:Thisisasinglecenter,retrospectivecohortstudy.Dataofpatientswhounderwentthyroidsurgeryb19yearsbetweenJanuary2000andDecember2012werecollected.QoLwasmeasuredusingthechildhealthquestionnairechildform(CHQ-CF87,b18years)andtheWorldHealthOrganizationqualityoflifeassessment(WHOQOL-100,≥18years).Results:Fortypatientswereincluded(meanage13.7years;29females(72.5%)).Twenty-sixpatientsunderwenttotalthyroidectomy(including7repeatsurgeries),14underwenthemithyroidectomy.QoLassessmentin26patientsrevealedlowerphysicalQoLinpatientswithacurrentageb18years(n=11)(pb.001),buthigheroverallandphysicalQoLinpatients≥18years(n=15)comparedwithcontrols(p=.01andp=.036respectively).Patients≥18years,whounderwenttotalthyroidectomyexperiencedloweroverallandphysicalQoLcomparedwiththosewhounderwenthemithyroidectomy(p=.035andp=.005respectively).Conclusions:SurgeryforthyroiddiseaseduringchildhoodsignificantlyaffectsQoL.However,QoLseemstoimprovewithincreasingage,andhemi-thyroidectomyhaslessnegativeeffectsonQoLthantotalthyroidectomy.©2015ElsevierInc.Allrightsreserved.
Giventheverylowmortalityinchildrendiagnosedwiththyroiddiseaserequiringthyroidsurgery[1,2],effortsshouldbemadetopreventoratleastminimizemorbidityowingtosurgicaltreatment,andtomonitorpatientrelatedoutcomeslikequalityoflife(QoL).Thyroidsurgeryinchildrenisperformedforbothbenignandmalignantdisease.Althoughitisconsideredtobeasafeprocedure,postoperativecomplicationsmayoccur[3,4].Themostcommoncomplicationsarebleeding,hypoparathyroidismandrecurrentlaryngealnerve(RLN)injury.Postoperativehypocalcemiaowingto
hypoparathyroidism(transientorpermanent)canresultinseverecramps,tetanyandconvulsionsandoftenrequiresstrictmonitoringofpostoperativeserumcalciumlevelswithoralorintravenouscalciumsupplementationtherapy.Ifachilddevelopspermanenthypoparathy-roidism,lifelongmedicationisneeded.Thereportedincidenceofpermanenthypoparathyroidismafterthyroidsurgeryinchildrenrangesfrom0%to32%[5–13].RLNparalysiscaneitherbetransientorpermanentandcanresultinsignificantmorbidity,includinghoarsenessand/ordysphagia.Generally,theoccurrenceofpermanentRLNparalysisinchildrenislessthan2%(rangefrom0%to38%)[5–13].Previously,ithasbeenshownthatthyroiddiseasecansignificantlyaffectQoLofbothadolescentsandadults[14–17].However,probablyowingtothelowannualnumbersofthyroidsurgeryinchildren,studiesassessingtheeffectsofthyroidsurgeryinchildren,ontheirQoLarelack-ing.TheaimofthisstudywastoobtaininsightintheQoLandclinicaloutcomeofchildrenandyoungadultswhounderwentthyroidsurgerybeforetheageof19yearsinourcenterbetween2000and2012,inrelationtotheirthyroiddisease,thetypeofsurgerytheyunderwent
JournalofPediatricSurgeryxxx(2015)xxx–xxx⁎Correspondingauthorat:DepartmentofPediatricEndocrinology,H7-240,EmmaChildren'sHospital,AcademicMedicalCenter,Meibergdreef9,1105AZAmsterdam,TheNetherlands.Tel.:+31205668844;fax:+31205669683.E-mailaddresses:e.stokhuijzen@amc.uva.nl(E.Stokhuijzen),a.vandersteeg@vumc.nl(A.F.W.vanderSteeg),e.j.nieveenvandijkum@amc.uva.nl(E.J.NieveenvanDijkum),h.m.vansanten@umcutrecht.nl(H.M.vanSanten),a.s.vantrotsenburg@amc.uva.nl(A.S.P.vanTrotsenburg).1ContributedequallytothispublicationandarebothmembersoftheEuropeanSociety