Dress collocation knowledge
A basic skills, personality dress collocation
1 and gradually establish their own style and objective treatment of pop
Give us today impressed dressing master, whether designers and celebrities, the only one reason -- they created their own style. One cannot speak of their own set of aesthetics, but should have their own aesthetic taste. But must achieve this point, is not to be swayed by the myriads of changes trend, but should be in their appreciation of the aesthetic mood, adding fashion elements at that time, into personal taste. Fusion of personal temperament, conservation, style of dress can reflect a personality, and personality is the highest realm of dress of the road.
2 clothes and your age, identity, status and grow together
Western scholar Professor Japort think, in the interaction between people, others view you only 7% is to pay attention to what you are talking about, 38% is to observe the expression way and your communication skills (such as attitude, tone, body language and so on), but 55% is to determine whether your appearance and worthy of you performance, you look like you have shown the way. Therefore, after entering the workplace, those lazy random students image or Jiao Jiao female like dream style is to take the initiative to avoid. With the increase of age, job change, your dress should match it, remember, is the first card of your dress.
3 basic apparel is your zhenshanzhibao
Fashion is not the end, but some basic clothing is not fashion said, for example, knee-length skirt, tweed wide leg pants, white shirt...... These are the "evergreen tree, old clothes altar", even 10 years will not be outdated. These clothes are your wardrobe "zhenshanzhibao? Not only look good, wear long, definitely worth. Have a group of such basic clothing, annual, quarterly only according to the fashion, appropriate to buy some fashionable clothes to match on the line.
4 to buy and own figure, color, temperament to "match".
Shop fine window and elegant shop is a professional design, its purpose is to create a special atmosphere, outstanding clothing beauty. However, those who wear in the model body or on the shelves in beautiful clothes may not be suitable for you, don't cause in the delicate light and miss shopping lobbying illusion lost. In order to avoid being a shopping atmosphere confused, a thorough understanding of oneself is a very important basic course, read their own body, temperament, color, understand yourself for color and style, do not buy the wrong clothes. Remember, no ne of the women image of ourselves is completely satisfied.
Two, various colors of clothing with basic knowledge
The 1 primary colors, color and color color: red, yellow, blue three colors are called color, the three colors is any other color can not be redeployed color.
Color: two color in harmony to produce color. Such as: Red + yellow = orange, red + blue = purple, Yellow + blue = green, orange, purple, green is the color.
Color: a color with one or two kinds of color harmony, or two kinds of color harmony of color is the color. Such as: Yellow + orange = orange, orange + Green = Brown (yellow, orange, brown and gray) (yellow gray) color is called color.
2 color classification
Color: no color lines and color lines two categories. No color line refers to the white, black and white, by various shades of black and formed different grey. A color system (referred to as the color line) refers to the red, orange, yellow, green, cyan, blue, purple and other colors.
3 hue, purity and brightness
Color color has three basic attributes: hue, lightness, purity.
Color: the color hue is the biggest characteristic of color, refers to the ability to more accurately represent a color name. More components of color, the color hue is not clear.
Purity: the purity of color is pure degree of color. It said nonferrous elements contained in the proportion of the proportion of color, the greater the proportion, color pure, more small, the color purity is more.
Brightness: the dark color refers to the color bright purity. Various colored object because the difference reflected light is generated due to the color of the light and dark strength. The color brightness has two ways: one is the same color of different brightness; two is the different brightness of various colors.
4 colors of the expansion, the forward and backward
When a person wearing the same style, the same material, the different colors of the two sets of clothing, in the same environment, give people the feeling is different. As a person in the same environment, dressed in red, feeling closer, large volume; wear blue clothes, feeling distant, small volume.
When a person wearing the clothes of high purity, low purity than wearing clothing give people the feeling is close, but also in volume than the low purity of clothing.
The actual distance of color that forward color to the person on the comparison
of color; to give people than the actual distance of colors called after fading. Give people the feeling than the actual volume of color is called color expansion; give people the feeling than the actual small color called contraction color. The reason why these feelings? The reason is due to a variety of different wavelengths of light, through the lens, focus not on the same plane, there is difference on retinal image sharpness. Color expansion and contraction of the sense not only related to the wavelength but also with the lightness of.
Physiologically, regulating human lens, is very compact and sensitive for the change in distance. But it is always limited, for different wavelength tiny can not correctly adjusted, which causes the wavelength of warm and cool colors. But the warm color is formed inside the image on the retina, cool short wavelength in the retinal outer image. To produce warm like forward, as if back feeling cold.
From the comparison of color negative, long wavelength hue, such as red, orange, yellow to move feeling expansion; the shorter wavelengths of hue, such as blue, blue and green, blue and purple to withdraw.
From the comparison of lightness, brightness high and bright colors are forward, expansive feeling; low lightness and dark color back, contractive feeling. But due to changes in the environment will also give a change.
The purity of high purity from the opposite will, bright colors have forward, expansive feeling; grey color low purity is backward, contractive feeling, and the brightness level of the left and right.
The main tone of 5 main color and decorative color of clothing color refers to occupy the main area in the clothing more color in color; decorative color refers to the color occupies smaller portfolio, visual effect more eye-catching colors. The main color and dotted contrast, prioritize, rich change, produce a rhythm.
The color of the position is occupied by its size to decide. Color to occupy the area is greater, the color of the important position, plays a leading role; occupy the area is small, the color of the position is minor, the foil, decorative effect. In the matching process, whether in several color combinations, we must first co nsider what color as the main tone. If the various color area average distribution, clothing color between mutually exclusive, will appear messy, especially with complementary or contrasting color, the disordered state of color is more obvious, the main tone did not exist.
Embellishment color relative to the body color is concerned, in general, it is bright saturated, have the effect that make the finishing point. In the costume color, if the tone is very beautiful, bright, can consider the use of decorative color, such as a red suit with black buttons for embellishment. If the color is dull, the color image is not so clear, available decorative color to mediate garment, atmosphere, such as a blue - gray dress, available in white or black as a decoration, can also be beautiful adornment to emphasize the spirit of clothing color, to make the role of eyeball, achieve beautification clothing objective.
Embellishment color no matter how bright or how grey, as long as it does not exceed a certain area, is unable to change the clothing main body color image. For example, a white suit, local black dotted. However, if the package is embroidery, and
insert, and after printing, with things to a certain extent, the White main body status will move drug of course, clothing color sometimes for a certain purpose, must not distinguish between body color and decorative color. Sometimes, a variety of colors are mixed, the mixed space will also have good color effect.
Embellishment color often appear clothing accessories design and fabric color design, for example, black bag often use bright metal buckle for embellishment, bright color is secretly flowers background ornament.
Three, clothing collocation completely analytical
Color is the first impression of sense, it is extremely attractive, to let it get to play in the most incisive dress, must fully understand the characteristics of color. Two impressions use color to be just perfect, not only can be amended, cover up the stature, but also stressed that highlight your strengths. As for the light under the weight of the body, should use the fabric made of soft light dark skirt or trousers, in order to weaken the lower limbs stout. Tall, plump women, the choice of matching jacket, also suitable for dark. This rule applies to most people, unless your body does not need to be the pink of perfection, in order to cover up what.
In general, clothing color match is divided into two categories.
The contrast color dress collocation:
1, strong color: refers to two remote color matching, such as: yellow and purple, red and blue green, the color strong. In the clothing color should weigh, in order to highlight what you are part of the clothing. Do not calm colors, such as: dark brown, dark purple and black collocation, this will and black "grab color" of the consequences, so that there is no key set of clothes, but also the overall performance
of clothing is very heavy, dim and colorless.
2, complementary color: refers to cooperate, two opposite colors such as: red and green, blue and orange, black and white, color contrast matching can, sometimes receive better results. Black and white collocation is classics.
Approximate color dress collocation:
Two close to the color match, such as: red and orange-red or purple to match, yellow and grass green or orange color match, etc..
Not everyone can wear a green dress nice, green and yellow of the match, give a person a kind of very the feeling of spring, the overall feeling is very simple but elegant, lady taste inadvertently revealed occupation dress colour collocation. Women wearing occupation occupation female activity is the office, low-saturation in which the work of people devote oneself heart and soul to keep calm, deal with various issues, and create a calm atmosphere. Occupation women dressed in indoor environment, limited space, people always want more private space, wearing a low purity of color will increase the distance between people, reduce congestion.
Purity and low color more easily coordinate with other colors, a harmonious warm feeling is increased between the person and person, thus helping to form a collaborative pattern. In addition, can use low purity color easy collocation, Limited clothing with a rich combination. At the same time, the low purity to humility, tolerance, maturity, borrowing the color language, occupation women more vulnerable to other people's attention and trust.
With the principles of white
White with any color match, but with very clever, it would cost a lot of thought.
Something white with stripes of yellow jacket, is the best combination of soft color; and the ivory white trousers, wearing a purple suit, white shirt with YISHION, is a successful matching, can fully display their individuality; ivory white trousers and white shirts to wear, is also a successful combination; white pleated skirt pale pink sweater, give a person with gentle elegant feeling. Red and white with a bold combination. Dressed in a white casual shirt, wearing a red skirt, it is warm and cool. In contrast, white, the more weight, looks more gentle
Brown collocation principles
Match, giving a pure feeling. Golden-brown knee-yuanqun with large collar shirt collocation, can reflect the charm of short skirts, add an elegant atmosphere. Choose
the chestnut color elegant fabrics keep doing coat, with a red sweater, a red scarf, vivid, beautiful incomparable.
Brown sweater with brown plaid pants, to reflect the elegance and maturity. Brown thick sweater with brown cotton dress, through the difference in texture between the two, showing the wearer's unique personality.
With the principles of the blue in all colors, blue clothing most easily mix with other colours. Whether it is similar to black, blue, or dark blue, are relatively easy to match, and blue, with a tight body effect, charismatic.
Vivid blue with red, people seem more feminine, pretty, but should pay attention to the appropriate proportion of blue and red.
The approximate black blue fit coat, white shirt, and a bow tie, to attend some formal occasions, can make the person is mysterious and romantic. Curve distinct blue coat and knee-length blue skirt collocation, again with white shirt, white socks, white shoes ornament, can give a kind of lightsome enchanting flavor.
Dressed in a blue coat and blue vest, pants with fine streaks of grey trousers, a simple but elegant style. Because, the prevalence of fine lines can be a strong contrast between the soft bluestone, adding elegance.
A blue jacket with a gray skirt, is a slightly conservative portfolio, but this combination with wine color shirts and plaid socks, revealing a self-personality, and thus becomes crisp up.
Blue and mauve, give a person a kind of delicate feeling. Blue skirt with white shirt is a very ordinary dress. If put on an elegant little Lavender jacket, will add a bit more mature cities. Wearing a purple sweater, pants with a dark blue skirt, even without the fancy design, but also showing maturity in the natural flavor among children.
Black with the principles of the black is a all-match 100 colors, no matter what color put together, will do not have a style, and beige with no exception! At present, the weekend shopping, coat can still summer that black printing T shirt, downloading to put on beige cotton Lycra knee a word skirt, wearing white color stripe flat casual
shoes, the whole person looks very comfortable, but also filled with the breath of sunshine. In fact, do not wear skirts can also, change a cream-colored cotton casual trousers, preferably low-waist pants-type micro-speakers, feet or a pair of casual shoes, still avant-garde, youth is pressing.
Cream-colored collocation principles with cream-colored wear a taste of a rigorous, not difficult. A light beige high-necked short-sleeved sweater, accompanied by an exquisite black trousers, wearing shiny black shoes with the tip in an occupation, women's professional sense of contrast to be just perfect. If you want a competent, strong feeling, then choose a refined black striped skirt suit, with a beige high-end handbags, both in charge of style without losing the elegance of women.
Many female friends all like to watch drama, the girls wear filled with a sense of urban fashion, than the simple and the same story and the slow pace of wonderful story a hundred times. See more, how much can be summed up some Korean women dress characteristics: subtle and elegant, bright but not dazzling. In many soft and warm colors, color is the color used for the girls.
关于广播站外联部拉赞助的策划书 负责人：费业帆 赞助商：重庆某知名火锅店 赞助活动：2014年四川外国语大学声音大赛 主办方介绍：1.地理优势：四川外国语大学地处西南地区重庆市，是中国中西部综合实力最强的语言类高校，在西南地区主要佐料是以辣为主，火锅是重庆最有地区代表性的食物，相信每一个来自不同地方的外地人或者是来自国外的外国人都会被这浓郁的辣味吸引。川外是重庆本地的学校，如果火锅店赞助本地院校，将是完美组合。 2.学校知名度：川外是新中国最早创建的4所外语院校之一，中国八大传统外语高等学府之一，来自五湖四海的人们会到川外来一起探讨语言文化，一起分享语言带给人们的乐趣。川外的外地人多，向她们介绍这家火锅店，会给她们留下深刻的印象，她们回到自己的家乡会向本地的人推荐这家火锅店。当然，每年9月会是新生的开学季，不同地方的学生会聚集到这里，有的家长会到这里来送孩子，可以给她们推荐这家火锅店，让她们带学生到这里，也算是送给孩子们的开学大餐。 活动介绍：声音大赛是川外的传统，将会分报名，初赛，复赛，决赛。参加的对象是川外师生里所有喜爱歌唱，有音乐梦想的人。 活动目的：向川外音乐爱好者提供一个交流的舞台，一起交流文化，交流音乐带给她们的享受。 分析：声音大赛会是全校性的大型比赛，到时候会邀请全国各地高校的老师及学生代表，还有家长参加。人的流动度会增加，如果到时候向她们推荐这家火锅店，本来火锅也是重庆的传统食物，火锅店的知名度会增加，客流量会增大。川外到时候的外地人多，向她们介绍这家火锅店，会给她们留下深刻的印象，她们回到自己的家乡会向本地的人推荐这家火锅店。学生也会组团去吃。 宣传计划：1.在声音大赛前一周会印发相关海报和传单，届时会发放。（发放时间是在声音大赛前一周和比赛举办的过程中是重中之重，当然在比赛过后也会发，会分批让学生在不同的地方发放） 2.在大赛举办的过程中，主持人也会介绍这家火锅店，让知名度更加提高。 经费划算：大赛可能会需要服装，道具，音效，舞台等几个方面 服装：x 道具：（具体道具具体列举） 音效：x 舞台设计： 一共会需要xx元。
A. Gelbukh (Ed.): CICLing 2007, LNCS 4394, pp. 267 – 274, 2007. ? Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2007 Word Clustering for Collocation-Based Word Sense Disambiguation* Peng Jin, Xu Sun, Yunfang Wu, and Shiwen Yu Department of Computer Science and Technology Institute of Computational Linguistics, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China {jandp, sunxu, wuyf, yusw}@https://www.doczj.com/doc/fd12796884.html, Abstract. The main disadvantage of collocation-based word sense disambigua- tion is that the recall is low, with relatively high precision. How to improve the recall without decrease the precision? In this paper, we investigate a word-class approach to extend the collocation list which is constructed from the manually sense-tagged corpus. But the word classes are obtained from a larger scale cor- pus which is not sense tagged. The experiment results have shown that the F- measure is improved to 71% compared to 54% of the baseline system where the word-class is not considered, although the precision decreases slightly. Further study discovers the relationship between the F-measure and the number of word-class trained from the various sizes of corpus. 1 Introduction Word sense disambiguation (WSD) aims to identify the intended sense of a polyse-mous word given a context. A typical case is the Chinese word “讲” when occurring in “讲真话” (“tell the truth”) and “讲实效” (“pay attention to the actual effect”). Correctly sense-tagging the word in context can prove to be beneficial for many NLP applications such as Information Retrieval [6], [14], and Machine Translation [3], [7]. Collocation is a combination of words that has certain tendency to be used to-gether [5] and it is used widely to attack the WSD task. Many researchers used the collocation as an important feature in the supervised learning algorithms: Na?ve Bayes [7], [13], Support Vector Machines [8], and Maximum Entropy [2]. And the other researches [15], [16] directly used the collocation to form decision list to deal with the WSD problem. Word classes are often used to alleviate the data sparseness in NLP. Brown [1] performed automatic word clustering to improve the language model. Li [9] con-ducted syntactic disambiguation by using the acquired word-class. Och [12] provided an efficient method for determining bilingual word classes to improve statistical MT. This paper integrates the contribution of word-class to collocation-based WSD. When the word-based collocation which is obtained from sense tagged corpus fails, * Support by National Grant Fundamental Research 973 Program of China Under Grant No. 2004CB318102.
The Academic Collocation List #Addition Component I POS I Component II POS II Addition 1abstract adj concept n 2academic adj achievement n 3academic adj career n 4(in)academic adj circles n 5academic adj community n 6academic adj debate n 7academic adj discipline n 8academic adj discourse n 9academic adj institution n 10academic adj journal n 11academic adj life n 12academic adj performance n 13academic adj research n 14academic adj skills n 15academic adj study n 16academic adj success n 17academic adj work n 18academic adj world n 19academic adj writing n 20academic adj year n 21accept v responsibility n 22acceptable adj behaviour n 23accurate adj assessment n 24accurate adj description n 25accurate adj information n 26accurate adj measurement n 27accurate adj picture n 28accurate adj record n 29achieve (a)v goal n 30achieve (an)v objective n 31achieve (an)v outcome n 32acquire v knowledge n 33active adj involvement n 34active adj participant n 35active adj participation n 36active adj role n 37(be)actively adv involved vpp 38acutely adv aware adj 39add v information n 40additional adj cost n 41additional adj information n 42additional adj problem n 43additional adj resources n 44additional adj support n 45address (an)v issue n 46administrative adj practices n 47adopt (a)v procedure n 48adopt (an)v approach n 49advanced adj economy n 50advanced adj technology n 51adverse adj effect n 52adverse adj reaction n 53adversely adv affect v 54affect (the)v outcome n 55affect (the) v development n(of) 56allocate v resources n 57allow v access n(to)
On the Association and Collocation of Vocabulary Abstract: The association and collocation of vocabulary can be described as paradigmatic and syntagmatic relations between lexical items. This paper briefly introduces some terms about association and collocation as well as some understandings toward the association and collocation of vocabulary proposed by some lingustists. Key words: association;collocation;vocabulary V ocabulary is the basic element of language. The relations between lexical items, which constitute the language units, can be described as paradigmatic and syntagmatic relations. Paradigmatic relations deal with the relations between substituable words in a particular place of a language structure, while syntagmatic relations deal with the relations between words within a sequential language structure. The following two sentences can be an example to illustrate these two kind of relations. John is in the classroom. Kate is in the classroom. Kate is in the office. In the first sentence, John and classroom constitute a syntagmatic relation. And in the first and the second sentence, John and Kate constitute a paradigmatic relation, so do classroom and office in the last two sentences. So paradigmatic relations are also called associative relations or substitutive relations, and syntagmatic relations are combinational relations.1 Association Association is a term originated from psychology. In lingusitcs, it means the associative relations between words. According to the theory of ―associative field‖ proposed by linguistists, every word together with its related words form a network of association. The association of words can be divided mainly into formal association, semantic association and situational association. 1.1 Formal association Formal association refers to some words associated with each other for their form. For example, words walking, reading, writing, and speaking, etc. belong to the kind of associative relations that every word has the same affix –ing.
The Analysis of Collocation Collocation, as an important category of lexical patterning in language learning, can objectively reflect people’s competence of writing, organizing and expressing in English. It plays a so important role in English learning, that we need make sense of it clearly. In this paper, I will introduce the reason why we need learn collocation, the features of collocation and the differences between Chinese and English collocation to help you have a clearer image of collocation. Collocation can be found everywhere in English, and it has a positive use of explaining linguistic meanings and accelerating pragmatic meaning. Here are some reasons for collocation study. First, if we can use collocation suitably and properly, there is no doubt that our English use will be more natural and idiomatic. Some English collocations are self-explanatory, for example, green grass, dark night, beautiful garden, but some English collocations need to be learned and remember by heart to grasp their meanings, for example, black tea, back number, curtain call. Second, colorful collocations makes express exactly. let’s see two sentences: 1.This is a good book and contains a wealth of historical details. 2.This is a fascinating book and contains a wealth of historical detail. These two sentences are both grammatically acceptable, but it is obvious that the sentence is better than the first one for it’s language is colorful
Collocation -- example verb + noun -- take a vacation adjective + noun -- light rain adverb + verb -- completely forget adverb + adjective -- totally awesome adjective + preposition -- tired of ... noun + noun -- a business deal Collocations 1. to burst into laughter 2. to bear witness to (something) 3. to carry something too far 4. to cast an eye over (something) ( = to examine something briefly) 5. to catch (one's) eye 6. to change one's mind 7. to carry/convey a message 8. to cause damage to 9. to take care of somebody / something 10. to come to somebody's rescue/aid 11. to come off in an examination 12. to commit crime 13. to draw (one's) attention to (something) 14. to make comparison 15. to drive (someone) mad
Collocation(惯用法) 1.V + to doing … admit 承认 amount 相当于 apply 适用于 confess 承认 contribute 有助于 descend 竟做出 fall 开始 own 承认 resort 求助 sink 堕落到 stoop 堕落到；降低身份； see 留神 submit 忍受 switch 变换为 take 开始做 testify 证明 witness 作证 Example He admitted to having taken the money. To cheat in examinations amounts to cheating yourself. The new rules apply to playing football. He has confessed to loving her. It contributed to saving our lives. I never thought he would descend to abusing his former colleagues in public. The two boys fell to fighting at last. , He owns to having been defeated He resorted to stealing when he had no more money. I never thought he would sink to cheating in the examination. I wouldn't stoop to borrowing money. See to turning off the light when you leave. I have to submit to being parted from you. Let's switch to dealing with weather problems. They have taken to learning French. Mary testified to having seen the accident. Mr. Brown witnessed to having seen the accused near the scene of the crime. 2.Phrase/sentence pattern + to doing … be / feel up to 觉得能担当
Collocation and Thai Word Segmentation Wirote Aroonmanakun Department of Linguistics Faculty of Arts, Chulalongkorn University Phyathai Rd., Bangkok, Thailand, 10330 Tel. +66-2-218-4696Fax.: +66-2-218-4695e-mail: wirote.a@chula.ac.th Abstract This paper present s another approach of Thai word segment at ion, which is composed of two processes : syllable segmentation and syllable merging.Syllable segment at ion is done on t he basis of trigram s t a t is t ics. Syllable merging is done on t he basis of collocation be t ween syllables. We argue that many of word segmentation ambiguities can be resolved a t t he level of syllable segmentation. Since a syllable is a more well-defined unit and more consistent in analysis than a word, t his approach is more reliable than other approaches that use a word-segmented corpus. This approach can perform well at the level of accuracy 81-98% depending on t he dict ionary used in the segmentation. 1 Background Thai word segmentation is a basic and essential issue for processing t he Thai language. Since 1981, many approaches have been proposed t o handle t his t ask. Like many languages t hat do no t have explici t word boundary, such as Chinese, word segmen t a t ion is viewed as a problem of insert ing word boundaries or word separators in t o t he inpu t sen t ence. Word segmentation is difficult because, usually, there is more t han one way for inser t ing word separators. Examples as in Figure 1 are usually used t o illus ra e he difficul y of Thai word segmentation. a. μ ¨¤ μB ¨¤ or μ B¨¤ b. ? ¨ á|o° ? B¨ Bá|o° or ? ¨ Bá|o° c. ° B B° or B ° d. ¤μ an μ ¤μB an μ or ¤μ Ban μ e. ?¨a μ¤?μ ′a ?¨a μB¤?μ ′a or ?¨a B μ¤B?μB ′a Figure 1. Ambiguity of word segmentation Although many approaches have been implemented for word segmen t a t ion, t he resolution is not sat isfying yet . When a Thai word segmentation program, which is based on a trigram model and a learning algori t hm (Charoenpornsawa t 1998), is applied on real texts from a newspaper, t hough t he program is claimed t o segment Thai words correct ly more than 90%, incorrec segmen a ions are easily found. For example, some words, e.g. ? o (servant), μ|á¤o° (politics), á¨o° ′ (elect), ?á o μ (ash), are incorrectly segmented into two words as (man) ? o use), μ| (nom.) á¤o° (town), á¨o° (choose) ′ (se up), ? (excrement) á o μ (ash),respectively. Some words, e.g. ′ a are incorrectly segmen t ed as meaningless words, ′ B Ba This paper discusses why Thai word segmentation is difficult. We will briefly review previous approaches and t heir underlying assumptions on t he Thai language. We will point out the drawback of the trigram approach tha t is t rained on a word-segmen t ed corpus.Then, we will argue that most of the ambiguities on segmentation can be viewed as a problem of syllable segment at ion rat her t han a problem of word segmen t a t ion. Thus, we will propose another word segmentation approach based on a syllable-based trigram model and maximum collocation. In short, word segmentation can be viewed as processes of segmenting syllables and merging syllables rat her t han as inserting word boundary. Segmenting syllables is done by