句子成分及基本句型
句子成分由词或词组充当
英语的基本成分有七种：主语（subject）谓语（predicate）表语（predicative）宾语（object）、定语（attribute）状语(adverbial) 补语（complement）,
英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。
一：ＳＶ（主＋谓）
二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表）
三：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾）
四：ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）
五：ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）
基本句型一：ＳＶ（主＋谓）
主语：1. 主语:是一个句子的主干部分之一,主语表明是“什么人” ，“ 什么事”可以作主语的成分有名词，主格代词，动词不定式，动名词,从句等等。主语一般在句首。划出下列句中的主语。
1.Lucy likes her new bike. 2 What he said is right.
3.To learn a foreign language is not easy.
4.Playing football after school is great fun.
谓语：谓语由动词构成，一般在主语之后。不及物动词（vi.）没有宾语，形成主谓结构.划分下列句子成分 1 We study hard.
2. The sun was shining. 3The pen writes smoothly
4 What he said does not matter.
5. They waited several hours to see their favourite stars.
基本句型二：主语+及物动词+宾语
及物动词本身需要一个动作的接受者(宾语), 才可以表达一个完整的意思。做宾语的可以是名词、代词、不定式等。划出下列句中的宾语：Mary enjoys music. He loves her.
I don’t know what to do.
The old man enjoys living in the countryside. 。
I don’t think he’s right.
We can’t afford to pay such a price.
We have decided when to set off.
基本句型三：主语+ 系动词+表语
该句型中, 谓语动词不能表达一个完整的意思, 必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语, 才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词有：
1. 系动词be。
2. 表感官的系动词。如look, sound, taste, smell, feel, seem, appear等
3. 表变化的系动词。如become, get, turn, grow ,come, go, fall, run等。
4. 表持续的系动词。如remain, keep, stay, stand, rest, lie, hold等。
作表语的有名词、形容词、介词短语等。下列句中什么结构作表语？He is a boy._____________ The book is hers. _____________
His dream came true. ___________ John is in good health. ________
We were excited at the good news.___________
The book is boring.________________ That’s where we differ._____ The reason for my failure was that I hadn’t put my heart into my study.基本句型四: 主语+及物动词+间宾+直宾
该句型中的谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。一个是表示人的间接宾语；一个是表示物的直接宾语。间接宾语一般在前面, 直接宾语在后面。如：划分句子成分
Tom left Mary a message. This will save you much time. Mother’s love gives us encouragement and power.
I have warned him that it is not allowed.
有时直接宾语和间接宾语可以对调, 这时, 间接宾语前应加上介词to, for或of。He offered a job to her.
He ordered some food for the two of them.
基本句型五: 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补
本句型中的动词虽然是及物动词, 但是只跟宾语还不能表达完整的意思, 必须加上一个补充成分, 如形容词、名词、副词（仅限少数几个）、动词不定式、分词来补充说明宾语, 才能表达一个完整的意思。宾语和宾语补足语在意义有一种逻辑关系。
划分下列句子成分并找出补语结构。
We elected Li Yang our monitor.__________________
The news made us sad.______________________
The teacher ask the students to close the windows._____________
I saw a cat running across the road.______________
He put his books in order.__________________
He found it difficult to satisfy their needs.________________
You must make yourself respected.________________
He always has others wait for him. _____________________
练习I判断下面的句子是哪种句型
1. They found the house deserted.
2 What could make her happy?
3. I told her a very funny story.
4 She couldn’t help laughing.
5 We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report.
6 The sun rose behind me and beyond the rocks.
7 Every evening my mother looks through magazines at home.
8 The themes of the story are to do with children growing up.
9 Everyone agrees we must be careful about the environment.
10 It’s wasteful to throw away glass, paper and metal.
11 Jamie persuaded them to try his cooking.
12 Do you intend to stay in China for long?
13 For the next 10 days ,every time there was a sudden noise, my blood went cold.
14 .Professor Stevenson explained to the students that the milu deer had
been very common in China a long time ago.
15 .Pop music makes people feel easy and forget about the real world.
16 Doing that would be playing with fire.
II 连词成句
1. in need of repairs, are, here, a great number of houses
2. lie, on the grass, a few cows, in the sun
3 spent, on, in the second semester, the children, much of their time,
reading practice
4 me, showed, the policeman, where the park was on the map
5 when George was coming to town; her; I ; to let me know; asked
III 翻译下列句子
1. 你的主意听起来不错。
__________________________________________________________ 2.那个老人给我们指路。
__________________________________________________________ 3我们已决定什么时候出发。
__________________________________________________________ 4 2008年5月中国发生了一场大地震。
__________________________________________________________ 5 我感到很难找到时间与父母交谈.
_________________________________________________________