2017年5月CATTI英语二级笔译真题
一、英译汉第一篇：出自The 2030 Agenda For SustainableDevelopment
This Agenda isa plan of action for people, planet and prosperity. It also seeksto strengthen universal peace in larger freedom. We recognize thateradicating poverty in all its forms and dimensions, includingextreme poverty, is the greatest global challenge and anindispensable requirement for sustainable development.
We areresolved to free the human race from the alleviation of poverty andheal and protect our planet.Weare determined to take the bold and transformative steps which areurgently needed to shift the world onto a sustainable and resilientpath.
The 17Sustainable Development Goals and 169 targets which we areannouncing today demonstrate the scale and ambition of this newuniversal Agenda. They seek to build on the Millennium DevelopmentGoals and complete what these did not achieve. They seek to realizethe human rights of all and to achieve gender equality and theempowerment of all women and girls. They are integrated andindivisible and balance the three dimensions of sustainabledevelopment: the economic, social and environmental.
We are meetingat a time of immense challenges to sustainable development.Billions of our citizens continue to live in poverty and are denieda life of dignity.Thereare rising inequalities within and among countries. Genderinequality remains a key challenge. Unemployment, particularlyyouth unemployment, is a major concern. Global health threats, morefrequent and intense natural disasters, spiraling conflict, violentextremism, terrorism and related humanitarian crises and forceddisplacement of people threaten to reverse much of the developmentprogress made in recent decades.Naturalresource depletion and adverse impacts of environmentaldegradation, including desertification, drought, land degradation,freshwater scarcity and loss of biodiversity, add to and exacerbatethe list of challenges which humanity faces.Climatechange is one of the greatest challenges of our time and itsadverse impacts undermine the ability of all countries to achievesustainable development.
The MillenniumDevelopment Goals were agreed 15 years ago provided an importantframework for development and significant progress has been made ina number of areas. But the progress has been uneven, particularlyin Africa, least developed countries, landlocked developingcountries, and small island developing States, and some of theMillennium Development
Goals remain off-track,inparticular those related to maternal, newborn and child health andto reproductive health.Werecommit ourselves to the full realization of all the MillenniumDevelopment Goals, including the off-track Millennium DevelopmentGoals, in particular by providing focused and scaled-up assistanceto least developed countries and other countries in specialsituations, in line with relevant support programs. The new Agendabuilds on the Millennium Development Goals and seeks to completewhat these did not achieve, particularly in reaching the mostvulnerable countries.
二、英译汉第二篇：出自2010年Economist
Entrepreneursin Silicon Valley, only half-jokingly, call it the URL strategy.The three letters usually stand for Uniform Resource Locator—theunique address of any file that is accessible via the internet. Butin the world of internet start-ups, URL has another meaning:Ubiquity first, Revenue Later. This pretty much describes thestrategy of most big online social networks, which over the pastfew years have concentrated on piling on users rather than worryingabout profits.Thathas allowed them to build huge followings, but it has also raised abig question-mark over their ability to make money from theaudiences they have put together.
At issueis whether the social-networking industry can come up with a wildlysuccessful form of advertising in the same way that Google has beenable to make billions of dollars from the targeted ads that runalongside the search results it serves up. Without such a formula,runs the argument, social networks such as Facebook will neveramount to much.
Doubters claimthat the networks face two big handicaps. The first is that peoplelogged into social-networking sites are there to hang out withtheir friends, so they will pay no attention to ads. The second isthat because the sites let users generate their own content, theywill find it hard to attract advertisers because brands will notwant to take the risk of appearing alongside examples of profanity,obscenity or nudity—or all three at once.
But thebroader outlook for networking sites is more encouraging. Onereason is that advertisers are being drawn to the leading sites bytheir sheer scale. Facebook's audience is bigger than any TVnetwork that has ever existed on the face of the earth. Anotherthing that has attracted companies is the networks' ability totarget ads with laser-like precision, thanks to the data they holdon their users' ages, gender, interests and so forth. Althoughthere are still lingering concerns about brands appearing next toracy content, firms seem more willing to run this risk now that thenetworks' advertising proposition has become morecompelling.
In addition toadvertising-driven business model, networks are already makinghealthy profits from sales of games and virtual goods. The beautyof this business for social networks is that the cost of producingand storing virtual inventory is minimal. Moreover, because theseare closed markets, networks can fix prices at levels that generatefat margins. To some, the notion that big money can be made fromselling make-believe items may seem bizarre. But the practicereplicates the physical presents that people give to one another tocement relationships in the real world.
三、汉译英第一篇：出自中国五矿集团公司介绍
本公司是全球最大最强的冶金建设运营服务商，拥有24万在职员工，资产规模超7000亿元，境外机构、资源项目与承建工程遍布全球60多个国家和地区。本公司有着独特的全产业链竞争优势，公司在全球金属矿业领域率先打通了从资源获取、勘查、设计、施工、运营到流通、深加工的全产业链，形成了为金属矿产企业提供系统性解决方案和工程建设运营一体化全生命周期的服务能力。
本公司金属矿产资源储量丰富，在国内外拥有一批世界级优质矿山。在冶金工业建设领域，公司积累了贯穿各环节的核心技术优势和设计施工能力，承担了中国大中型钢铁企业超过90%的设计施工任务和全球60%冶金建设任务，是冶金建设的“国家队”。公司拥有遍布全球的贸易流通网络，全球采购、全球营销，金属矿产品流通规模稳居国内第一。
参考译文：China Minmetals Corporation (CMC) is the largest and strongest in metallurgical construction and operation services globally.CMC, with 240,000 employeescontrols the total assets surpass RMB 0.7 trillion yuan. CMC’s foreign institutions, resource projects and construction projects are operating in more than 60 countries and regions. Enjoying unique competitive advantage, CMC takes the lead in running a whole industrial chain ranging from resources acquisition, exploration, project design, construction, operation, and circulation to intensive processing, and is able to provide systematic solutions to metals and minerals companies and render services for the whole lifecycle of project construction and operation.
With abundant resources and reserves in metals and minerals, CMC owns a series of world-class mines with high quality at home and abroad. With core technology advantage as well as design and construction strength covering all sectors, the Corporation shoulders more than 90% of the design and construction work in China’s large-and-medium sized steel mills and 60% of metallurgical construction projects around the world, regarded as the “national team” in the metallurgical construction
industry. Boasting fully-fledged trade and circulation network globally, the Corporation conducts procurement and marketing internationally and takes the first place in circulation scale of metals and minerals.
四、汉译英第二篇：出自李克强总理2016年夏季达沃斯论坛开幕式致辞
我们应该积极促进结构性改革，特别是供给侧改革。中国经济发展面临结构性的矛盾，供给和需求两侧都有，主要在供给侧，我们要用改革的办法推进结构调整，减少无效和低端的供给，扩大有效和中高端的供给，这既有利于经济转型，也有利于促进经济增长。
其中重要的方面就是要淘汰严重过剩的产能，重点是抓好钢铁、煤炭等困难行业去产能，近年来已经取得些许成就，生煤和生铁产量下降，但还要进一步减少，主要是运用市场化和法治化手段，严格环保、质量、安全等标准。去产能最大的难题是人往哪里去。企业要采取多种措施使职工转岗不下岗，中央和地方政府都要对职工分流安置给予必要的支持。产能过剩是一个全球性的问题，我们将主动采取行动去产能，这本身就表明中国是负责任的大国。
参考译文：We need to advance structural reform，in particular that on the supply side. The structural problems facing the Chinese economy are about both the supply and demand sides，especially the supply side。We need to advance structural adjustment through reform，reduce inefficient and low-end supply，and expand effective and medium- to high-end supply. This is conducive to economic transformation as well as growth.
A major task for us is to phase out outdated production capacity and address overcapacity，especially in steel，coal and other sectors that face difficulty in operation. Initial progress has been made in recent years，as is shown in the lowering production of raw coal and crude steel，but our efforts must well continue. We will adopt a market-based and rules-based approach and apply strict standards in environmental protection，quality and safety. The biggest challenge is how to address possible layoffs in this process. Businesses need to take multiple measures to ensure that their employees will get reemployed. Both the central and local governments should provide necessary support to take care of the affected employees. Overcapacity is a global challenge. The fact that we have taken the initiative to cut overcapacity demonstrates that China is indeed a responsible country.
英译汉历年真题全文翻译 1994年真题参考译文 新学派科学家们认为，在扩大科学知识范围的过程中，技术是一股被忽视了的力量(71)他们认为，科学之所以向前发展，与其说是因为天才伟人的真知灼见，还不如说是因为像改进了的技术和工具之类更为普遍的东西。(72)一位新学派的领袖人物坚持说，简言之，所谓的科学革命主要是指一系列工具的改进、发明和使用；这一系列工具的改进、发明和使用在无数个方面拓展了科学的领域。(73)多年来，工具和技术本身作为根本性革新的源泉在很大程度上被历史学家和思想家们所忽视了。肯定技术的现代派认为，诸如伽利略、牛顿、麦克斯韦、爱因斯坦这样的著名科学大师以及像爱迪生这样的发明家都十分重视各种不同的、可用于科学实验的工艺信息和技术装置并从中获益匪浅，提倡肯定技术、否定天才的论点之核心是对伽利略在科学革命的初期所起作用的分析。当时人们对天体的认识源于公元二世纪时的天文学家托勒密。他认为，在复杂的天体系统中所有的天体都围绕着地球运动。(74)伽利略最伟大的成就在于，在l 609年他是第一个用新发明的望远镜来观察天空的人，以证实行星是围绕太阳旋转而不是围绕地球旋转的。但故事中真正的英雄，新学派科学家们认为，是改进制作眼镜的机器的漫长过程。 联邦政府的政策不可避免地卷入了这场“技术”对“天才”之争。(75)政府是应该以牺牲技术作为代价来增加对纯理论科学的经费投入，还是相反，这常常取决于人们把哪一个看作驱动力量。
1995年真题参考译文 广泛用来帮助选拔、分类、委派或者提拔学生、雇员和军事人员的标准化教育或心理测试最近在图书、杂志、日报甚至国会中成了攻击的目标。(71)把标准化测试作为抨击的目标是错误的，因为在抨击这些测试的时候，批评家没有注意到错误在于那些不甚了解或者是不能胜任的使用者。测试本身只是工具，其特点是在具体条件下可以得到相当精确的测定。测试结果究竟是有价值、无意义或者有误导作用在部分程度上取决于工具本身，但在很大程度上取决于使用者。 所有对未来表现有根据的预测都取决于对相关的过去表现的一些了解：学习成绩、研究能力、销售纪录或者任何合适的信息。(72)这些测试将在多大程度上为后来的表现所证实，这取决于所采用信息的数量、可靠性和适应性，还取决于解释这些信息的技能和才智。任何认真记分的人都知道，能获得的信息往往不全面，而且预测很容易出现错误。应该根据这种情况看待标准化测试。对于一个人的学识，他所掌握的技能或者他是哪种类型的人，标准化测试提供了快捷，而客观的获取信息的办法、和其他种类的信息一样，按这种方法获得的信息从质量上来讲也有其自身的长处和短处。(73)因此，在某一特定情况下，究竟是采用测试，(采用)其他种类的信息，或是两者兼用，取决于与相对效度有关的来自经验的证据，还取决于诸如费用和可获取性之类的因素。(74)一般来说，当所要测定的特征能够最为精确地界定时，测试最为有效；而当所要测定或预测的东西不能明确地界定时，测试的效果则最差。如果使用得当，测试提供一种快速获取有关许多人的可比性信息的方法，有时还会鉴别出潜力大、过去却未被承认的学生，但测试无法做到的事情也很多。(75)例如，这些测试并不能弥补明显的社会不公平现
历年上海英语翻译中级口译汉译英真题及答案 原文： 越来越多受英文教育的海外华人父母，已经认识到孩子在掌握不可或缺的英文的同时，也通晓中文的重要性。中国的崛起，让他们充分认识到孩子掌握双语的好处——既能增加他们的就业机会，也能让他们接触和熟悉东西方两种不同的文化。 这些人对中文的态度几乎没有完全改变。曾几何时，他们还非常骄傲地宣称自己只懂英文。现在，他们已开始积极支持孩子学习中文和中国文化，而且还不时走访中国，欣赏壮观的自然风光，认识丰富的文化遗产。 译文： An increasing number of English-educated Chinese parents overseas have come to the realization that while English learning is indispensable to their children, it is essential that their kids have a good command of Chinese. China’s rise has fully awakened their awareness of the fact that their kids can benefit from their bilingual ability which can not only enhance their competitiveness in the job market, but also facilitate their exposure to and familiarity with the two different cultures between the East and the West. They have hardly changed their attitudes towards Chinese. At one time they proudly declared that they knew English only. Now, they have begun to give full support to their kids learning Chinese and its culture, and they also make occasional visits to China, where they can enjoy its magnificent natural landscape and get to know its rich cultural heritage. 解析： 本段是一篇文化类介绍文章。总体难度一般，以句号结束的句子即可作为一
2019年CATTI二级笔译英译汉真题及参考答案 【第一篇】 So where there is financial connection, we see that rapid improvements in quality of life can quickly follow. In our modern context, there are several important channels to achieving this greater financial connectivity. I want to highlight two today: increased capital mobility and increased financial inclusion. First, enabling capital to flow more freely. Allowing capital to flow across borders can help support inclusive growth. Right now, foreign direct investment —FDI — is only 1.9 percent of GDP in developing countries. Before the global financial crisis, it was at 2.5 percent. Making progress on major infrastructure needs will require capital flows to rise again and to be managed safely. Greater openness to capital flows can also bring down the cost of finance, improve the efficiency of the financial sector, and allow capital to support productive investments and new jobs. Challenges that come with opening up capital markets. Thankfully, we know from experience the elements that are required for success. These include sound financial regulation, transparent rules for investment, and attention to fiscal sustainability. We also need increased financial inclusion. A few numbers: close to half of the adult population in low and middle-income Asia-Pacific economies do not have a bank account. Less than 10 percent have ever borrowed from a financial institution. And yet, we know that closing the finance gap is an “economic must-have” for nations to thrive in the 21st century. IMF analysis shows that if the least financially inclusive countries in Asia narrowed the finance gap to the level of Thailand — an emerging market economy — the poverty rate in those countries could be reduced by nearly 4 percent. How can we get there? In part, through policies that enable more women and rural citizens to access financial services. The financial gender gap for women in developing countries is about 9 percent and has remained largely unchanged since 2011. There is no silver bullet, but we know that fintech can play a catalyzing role. In Cambodia, for example, strong public-private partnerships in supporting mobile finance has led to a tripling in the number of micro-financial institutions since 2011. These institutions have now provided loans to over 2 million new borrowers, representing nearly 20 percent of the adult population. Many of these citizens had never had a bank account. Now they can save for the future and perhaps even start a business of their own. These are ideas that can work everywhere. But countries have to be willing to partner and learn from each other. That is one of the major reasons why last October, the IMF and World Bank launched the Bali Fintech Agenda. The agenda lays out key principles — from developing financial markets to safeguarding financial integrity — that can help each nation as it strives for greater financial inclusion. 【第一篇参考答案】
2010年5月三级笔译汉译英真题回顾！ 2010年5月初级英翻汉译英（试题从中节选） 携手应对气候变化挑战 ——在联合国气候变化峰会开幕式上的讲话 2009年9月22日，美国纽约 中华人民共和国主席胡锦涛 Join Hands to Address Climate Challenge Statement by H.E. Hu Jintao President of the People's Republic of China At the Opening Plenary Session of The United Nations Summit on Climate Change New York, 22 September 2009 潘基文秘书长，各位同事： Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon, Dear Colleagues, 今天，各国领导人汇聚联合国，共商应对气候变化大计，这对推动国际社会有力应对气候变化这一全球性挑战具有十分重要的意义。 Today, world leaders are gathered at the United Nations to discuss ways to tackle climate change. This is of great significance for catalyzing strong action by the international community to meet this global challenge. 全球气候变化深刻影响着人类生存和发展，是各国共同面临的重大挑战。３７年来，从斯德哥尔摩到里约热内卢，从京都到巴厘岛，我们为保护全球环境、应对气候变化共同努力，取得显著成就。这是世界各国不断加深认知、不断凝聚共识、不断应对挑战的历史进程。《联合国气候变化框架公约》及其《京都议定书》已成为各方公认的应对气候变化主渠道，共同但有区别的责任原则已成为各方加强合作的基础，走可持续发展道路、实现人与自然相和谐已成为各方共同追求的目标。 Global climate change has a profound impact on the existence and development of
2004.5 It isn’t often that one has the chance to congratulate a noted woman writer on her 80th birthday. So on October 5 last year，when I went to Bing Xin’s house，I felt very excited. I explained that I hoped she would tell me something about how she becam e a poet. “I haven’t written poetry for many years,” she said smiling. “But I still love to read good poetry.” Bing Xin was fortunate to have parents who encouraged her to study and write. When she was attending a women’s college in Beijing in 1919，an event occurred which changed the whole course of her life. That was the May 4th Movement，a patriotic democratic movement started by students in Beijing. The mass demonstrations made a deep impression on her. She threw herself into the struggle and was put in charge of publicity by the Student Union. She wrote poems，articles and stories，attacking imperialism and feudalism in its various forms. Going to the U.S. in 1923 to study literature，she wrote down her impressions on the way and during her stay there. These were published in the collection To Little Readers. The book brought her instant fame，not only because she was a woman writer，but also because of the noble sentiments in the book. Quite a few younger writers say it was Bing Xin’s writings that started t hem on the road they have since followed. 2004.11 In recent years, the Chinese government has encouraged domestic travel and implemented a policy of "holiday economics", giving its citizens three annual week-long vacations and the opportunity to spend more savings on travel, shopping and eating out. In 2004, total tourist spending during the May Day holidays was 39 billion yuan. Tourism now contributes 2.3 percent of the nation's gross domestic product (GDP), and revenues are expected to grow by 10 percent annually through to 2013, creating 40 million jobs.
汉译英： 试题一：必作题（汉译英）（20分） 从19世纪80年代之后的鸦片战争、甲午战争，到庚子之乱乃至20世纪30年代的日本侵华战争，中国惨遭东西方列强的屠戮和极其野蛮的经济掠夺；再加上封建腐败和连年内乱，中国主权沦丧、生灵涂炭、国力衰弱、民不聊生。深重的灾难、惨痛的事实使中华民族深知和平之珍贵、发展之重要。这样的历史实践形成了中国人民渴望和平、企求安定的心理，坚定了中国人民走和平发展道路的信念。 1949年新中国成立后，我们在发展道路上艰辛探索，既经历过成功的喜悦，也经受过失败的挫折。从1978年开始，中国开启了新的征程，从计划转向市场，从封闭转向开放，从自成一体转向融入经济全球化，走独立自主地建设中国特色社会主义的道路，取得了举世瞩目的辉煌成就。实践充分证明，坚持走和平发展的道路是正确的，既符合中国国情，又顺应时代潮流。中国将沿着这条和平发展的道路，坚定不移地走下去。 试题二：选作题（泽译英）（20分） 1968年我从北京来到陕西，惟一挂念的是在故乡身患绝症的老母亲。母亲的时日已经不多，身边再无亲人，离别成为我心中最沉重的痛。 惟一能传递母亲信息的就是那枚小小的邮票。母亲当时已经双目失明，信是让别人代写的，内容千篇一律的干枯，邮票却是母亲自己摸索着贴上去的，她贴了一叠信封，随用随取，为的是不给别人添麻烦。 每回接到母亲来信，我都要抚摸贴在信封右上角的邮票，那是母亲亲手贴上去的，它贴得规正却无画面感，很多时候是头朝下的，因为母亲根本看不见，她是凭感觉在贴。 邮票残留着母亲的手印，承载着母亲的挂念，那上面有母亲的气息。凝视中，我常常泪眼模糊…… 来自母亲的邮票一张一张地攒着，它们是母亲的替代。我对邮票的认识源自于此。
2018-11 【英译中】【Passage 1】 New drone footage gives a glimpse of the damage that Hawaii’s Big Island sustained in the wake of volcanic explosions in recent days. Smoke can be seen billowing off the lava as it creeps down roads and through wooded areas toward homes. Fires are visible with terrifying streams of brightness breaking through the surrounding areas of black. After a day of relative calm, Kilauea roared back in full force on Sunday,spewing lava 300 feet in the air, encroaching on a half mile of new ground and bringing the total number of destroyed structures to 35. 从无人机拍摄到的最新视频中，可以大概了解到近日火山喷发后，夏威夷大岛所遭受的损失情况。火山岩浆在道路上、树林里蔓延，直逼住家，岩浆所到处浓烟滚滚。在一片漆黑中可见多处大火，火光十分刺眼。基拉韦厄火山经过相对平静的一天后，周日又火力全开，将岩浆喷到300英尺高空，又侵蚀了半英里土地，共有35处建筑遭摧毁。 There have been 1,800 residents evacuated from their neighborhoods where cracks have been opening and spilling lava. In evacuated areas with relatively low sulfur dioxide levels, residents were allowed to return home for a few hours to collect belongings on Sunday and Monday. Officials said those residents – a little more than half of the evacuees — were allowed to return briefly, and they would continue to allow residents in if it could be done safely. 由于地面开裂、岩浆涌出，1800社区居民被疏散。周六周日，在二氧化硫浓度不高的被疏散区域，居民获准回家几个小时收拾家中物品。当地官员称，这些居民——约占被疏散居民总数的半数多些——被准许回家短暂停留，并且在保证安全的前提下，允许其他居民回家。 “Things got pretty active,” an official said at a Saturday press conference. “The eight volcanoes were pretty active, to the point where lava was spewing and the flow started spreading so we got additional damage out there. I’m not sure what the count is, but we thought it was just continuing to go. Fortunately, seismicity has laid down and the volcanoes have gone quiet now.” But officials had cautioned that while the lava flow was quiet, it wouldn’t be for long. “More volcano es could open up, the existing ones could get active again.” There’s a lot of lava under the ground so eventually it’s going to come up.” “这些火山变的很活跃，”一位官员在周六举行的新闻发布会上称，“有八个火山变的很活跃，岩浆喷出后，四处扩散，因此我们那里损失又多了些。我现在还不了解损失总数，但我们认为这个数字仍在不断攀升。庆幸地是，现在地震强度已经减弱，火山也开始平息下来了。”但是官员警告称，虽然岩浆流动慢下来了，
英语四级历年真题汉译英讲解 第一题（外国直接投资）： 商务部(Ministry of Commerce)最近发布的数据表明，在中国的外国直接投资(foreign Direct Investment,FDI)保持稳定增长。中国已经成为外国直接投资首选地。中央政府采取了一系列促进外国投资的扶持措施，这样既促进了经济增长，又贏得了国内外投资者的信心。商务部正在研究措施，进一步改善外商投资管理机制，创建一个透明和公平的竞争环境。世界银行(World Bank)也高度评价中国吸引外国直接投资所取得的成就。 表达难点： 1.第1句中的定语“商务部最近发布的”较长，故将其处理后置定语，用分词短语 recently released by theMinistry of Commerce 来表达。 2.第3句中的“这样既促进了经济增长，又贏得了国内外投资者的信心”，可用 which引导的非限制性定语从句来表达，which指代前面“中央政府采用了一系列促进外国投资的扶持措施”这一做法。“既……又……”在英语中的对等结构为both...and，其中both可省略。 3.第4句中的“进一步改善外商投资管理机制，创建一个透明和公平的竞争环境” 为表并列的两个目的，可将其译作两个不定式短语作状语 “to further improve... and (to) create...”，用and连接时后一个不定式的to可以省略。“外商投资管理机制”的中心词为管理机制 management mechanism，翻译时可在其后采用“of+名词”的形式构成名词所有格，对其进行补充说明，表示“……的”。 4.最后一句中的定语“中国吸引外国直接投资所取得的”用in引导的介词短语 in attracting Foreign DirectInvestment来表示在哪个方面所取得的成就。 而“中国”则作为形容词置于“成就”前面，这样比较符合英语的表达习惯。 资所取得的成就。 参考译文 The statistics recently released by the Ministry of Commerce showe d that Foreign DirectInvestment in China maintained steady growth . China has become the top destination for FDI.The central govern ment adopted a series of supportive measures to facilitate foreigni nvestment, which strengthened economic growth and won the co nfidence of investors athome and abroad. The Ministry of Commerc e is working on measures to further improve themanagement mech anism of foreign investment and create a transparent and fair co mpetitionenvironment. The World Bank also spoke highly of Chin a's achievements in attracting ForeignDirect Investment. 第二题（孙子兵法）： 孙武是春秋末期(the late Spring and Autumn Period)杰出的军事家（strategist）。他所著的《孙子兵法》(Sun Zi's Art of War)是中国古代最著名的兵书，也是世界上现存最早的兵书。《孙子兵法》现存13篇，共6000字。在这不长的篇幅中，孙武全面论述了自己对战争的看法，提出了诸如知彼知己、集中优势兵力打败敌人等许多作战思想。《孙子兵法》已被译为多种文字，在世界上也享有很高的声誉。 表达难点：
八级汉译英 1997年: Translation from CHINESE to ENGLISH (30 min) 1 来美国求学的中国学生与其他亚裔学生一样，大多非常刻苦勤奋，周末也往往会抽出一天甚至两天的时间去实验室加班，因而比起美国学生来，成果出的较多。我的导师是亚裔人，嗜烟好酒，脾气暴躁。但他十分欣赏亚裔学生的勤奋与扎实的基础知识，也特别了解（v-n）亚裔学生的心理。因此，在他实验室所招的学生中，除有一名来自德国外，其余5位均是亚裔学生。（主动和被动改）他干脆在实验室的门上贴一醒目招牌：“本室助研必须每周工作7天，早10时至晚12时，工作时间必须全力以赴。”这位导师的严格及苛刻是全校有名的，共有14位学生被招进他的实验室，最后博士毕业的只剩下5人。1999年夏天，我不顾别人的劝阻，硬着头皮接受了导师的资助，从此开始了艰难的求学历程。 【参考答案】 Like other Asian Americans, most Chinese American students are very diligent. They often spare one day even two days of the weekend for the overtime work in the lab, so they harvest more than American students. My advisor, who was an Asian American, had a strong（准）addiction to smoking and drinking, a nd（连词）a n irritable temper as well.（合句，定从，插入语and,with,状从句子，或提一部分作成份）However, he appreciated the industry and the solid basic knowledge of students with Asian origins.He also had a particular keen insight into the mentality of these students. So it was not surprising（用it 句式，补词）that all the students in his lab were from Asia except one from Germany. The advisor was so straightforward as to paste an eye-catching notice on the door of his lab, which read: “It is ）无人称句正式）a must that all the research assistants in the lab work from 10 to 12pm every day, and seven days a week. （调整句子）Furthermore, they should spare no effort in working hours.” The advisor was well-known for his strictness and severity through out the university. During the three and a half years of my work there, fourteen students were recruited into his lab, but only five stayed until after they had graduated with a PH.D degree. In the summer of 1999, regardless the dissuasion, I accepted my tutor’s subsidization and from then on I began my hard way of study. 1998年: CHINESE TO ENGLISH 1997年2月24日我们代表团下榻日月潭中信大饭店，送走了最后一批客人，已是次日凌晨3点了。我躺在床上久久不能入睡，披衣走到窗前，往外看去，只见四周峰峦叠翠，湖面波光粼粼。望着台湾这仅有的景色如画的天然湖泊，我想了许多，许多…… On February 24, 1997, our delegation stayed at ZhongXin hotel beside RiyueTan, It was already 3 o'clock of the next morning when we saw off the last group of visitors, I lay down on the
Section 1 V ocabulary and Grammar (60 points) This section consists of 3 parts. Read the direction for each part before answering the questions. Part 1 V ocabulary Selection In this part, there are 20 incomplete sentences. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices marked by letters A, B, C, and D respectively. Choose the word which best completes each sentence. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET. 1. From a young age, children begin a continuous process of evaluating themselves in the _____ of the opinions and comments of those around them. a. contrast b. return c. light d. spite 2. If you’re forced outside for hours ____ end, especially doing something physical, consider dumping water over your head or on your neck. a. at b. to c. in d. on 3. One reason for the cost of wave power is the need to make the equipment _____ to storm damage and corrosion. a. impassable b. impertinent c. imperious d. impervious 4. The study found that one in four people has missed an important appointment, and that nearly one in five has fallen ____ with a friend
英译汉（历年考试真题） ….three times as much here………三倍多 A dog is always well-known as a clever and friendly animal. 狗一直一来被大家公认为是聪明、友好的动物 A dolphin is always well-known as a clever and friendly animal. 海豚以聪明和友好的动物闻名。 A friend of mine from high school is working in England now.我的一个高中同学现在正在英格兰工作。 A good memory is a great help in learning a language. 好记性对于学习一门语言是非常有帮助的 A lot of natural resources in the mountain area are to be exploited and used. 那个山区有许多自然资源有待于开发利用。 After I get home, I'll call you. 到家以后，我会给你打电话。 Air is all around us. 空气无处不在。 Air pollution is more serious than water pollution. 空气污染比水污染更严重。 All that glitters is not gold. 闪光的东西，未必都是金子。 All things are difficult before they are easy. 凡事总是由难而易。 Americans usually eat three meals a day. 美国人通常一天吃三顿饭。 Apples here like water and sunshine. 这里的苹果喜欢水和阳光. Are you fond of music? 你喜欢音乐吗？ As a result, our personal income rose an average of 14 per cent last year alone. 结果, 仅去年一年我们人均收入平均增长13%。 As is known o all. China is a developing country. 众所周知,中国是一个发展中国家. Before leaving the classroom, please turn off the lights. 离开教室前，请关灯。 Beijing Olympic Games can make Chinese people work harder. 北京奥运会能让中国人工作更努力。Bill hit his car into a wall last night. 昨晚比尔开车时,车撞到了墙上. Bob and Peter found out that they were twin brothers. 鲍勃和皮特发现他们是双胞胎兄弟。 Both Ann and Mary are suitable for the job. 安和玛丽都很适合这份工作。 Business success depends on hard work. 事业上的成功依靠努力。 But I’ve got room for only two of you in the house. 但我在房子里只留了你们两个人的空间。 By 1901, states had laws against selling cigarettes to young people. 1900年以前，各州法令规定禁止向年轻人售卖香烟。 Call me tomorrow if you have time. 你明天如果有空给我电话。 Can you finish your work in time? 你能及时完成工作吗？ Could you give me a cup of coffee, please? 请你给我一杯咖啡好吗？ Could you show me the way to the train station? 你可以告诉我去火车站的路吗？ Could you tell me how to get to the bank/your university? 你能告诉我去银行/你的大学怎么走吗？Could you tell me how to get to the bank? 你可以告诉我如何去银行吗？ Could you tell me how to go to your university? 请你告诉我如何去你的大学，可以吗？ Could you tell me where the post office is？你能告诉我邮局在哪吗？ David will get a birthday gift from his sister. 戴维将从他的姐姐那里得到一份生日礼物。 Did you get that E-mail from me? 你收到我发的那封电子邮件了吗? Do you feel better now? 你现在感觉好些了吗？ Do you go swimming every day? 你每天都去游泳吗？ Do you have anything to say? 你有什么要说的吗？ Do you know where the post office is? 你知道邮局在哪儿吗？ Do you like traveling? 你喜欢旅游吗？ Do you mind my smoking here? 你介意我在这儿抽烟吗？ Do you think students should do a part-time job? 你认为学生应该去做兼职吗？