2020考研英语一真题 阅读真题及解析

考研英语1真题答案及解析考研英语1真题是考研英语考试中的一部分，它考察考生在阅读理解与写作方面的能力。

以下是对考研英语1真题的答案解析。

第一题答案：D 解析：根据题干中的关键词"The Industrial Revolution"和"infer"来定位，首先在原文中搜索"The Industrial Revolution"关键词，然后根据上下文来推断出正确的答案。

第二题答案：B 解析：根据题干中的关键词"caused by climate change"和"evidence"来定位，然后根据原文中出现的关键词和上下文来判断正确答案。

第三题答案：C 解析：根据题干中的关键词"study"和"conclude"来定位，在原文中搜索这两个关键词，然后根据上下文和逻辑来判断正确答案。

第四题答案：A 解析：根据题干中的关键词"reward"、"brain"和"activation"来定位，然后根据原文中出现的关键词和上下文来判断正确答案。

第五题答案：D 解析：根据题干中的关键词"give priority"、"legislative process"和"regulatory action"来定位，然后根据原文中出现的关键词和上下文来判断正确答案。

通过对考研英语1真题的解析，我们可以看出，正确答案的判断需要灵活运用阅读理解技巧，并能够从文章中获取有效信息进行推断和定位。

在考前的复习过程中，要注重对题型的分析和解题技巧的训练，同时要进行大量的阅读和写作练习，提高自己的英语水平和应对考试的能力。

总结：考研英语1真题的答案及解析是考生备战考试的重要内容，通过对真题的分析和解析，考生可以更好地了解考试的要求和难点，提高自己的答题技巧和应对能力。

2023年考研英语一真题及答案详细解析2023年全国硕士硕士入学统一考试英语（一）试题及答案详细解析Section I Use of English :Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Though not biologically related, friends are as “related” as fourth cousins, sharing about 1% of genes. That is _(1)_a study, published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has__(2)_.The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted _(3)__1,932 unique subjects which __(4)__pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. The same people were used in both_(5)_.While 1% may seem_(6)_,it is not so to a geneticist. As James Fowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego, says, “Most people do not even _(7)_their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who_(8)_our kin.”The study_(9)_found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity .Why this similarity exists in smell genes is difficult to explain, for now,_(10)_,as the team suggests, it draws us to similar environments but there is more_(11)_it. There could be many mechanisms working together that _(12)_us in choosing genetically similar frien ds_(13)_”functional Kinship” of being friends with_(14)_!One of the remarkable findings of the study was the similar genes seem to beevolution_(15)_than other genes Studying this could help_(16)_why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years, with social environment being a major_(17)_factor.The findings do not simply explain people’s_(18)_to befriend those of similar_(19)_backgrounds, say the researchers. Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, care was taken to_(20)_that all subjects, friends and strangers, were taken from the same population.1. [A] when [B] why [C] how [D] what2. [A] defended [B] concluded [C] withdrawn [D] advised3. [A] for [B] with [C] on [D] by4. [A] compared [B] sought [C] separated [D] connected5. [A] tests [B] objects [C]samples [D] examples6. [A] insignificant [B] unexpected [C]unbelievable [D] incredible7. [A] visit [B] miss [C] seek [D] know8. [A] resemble [B] influence [C] favor [D] surpass9. [A] again [B] also [C] instead [D] thus10. [A] Meanwhile [B] Furthermore [C] Likewise [D] Perhaps11. [A] about [B] to [C]from [D]like12. [A] drive [B] observe [C] confuse [D]limit13. [A] according to [B] rather than [C] regardless of [D] along with14. [A] chances [B]responses [C]missions [D]benefits15. [A] later [B]slower [C] faster [D] earlier16. [A]forecast [B]remember [C]understand [D]express17. [A] unpredictable [B]contributory [C] controllable [D] disruptive18. [A] endeavor [B]decision [C]arrangement [D] tendency19. [A] political [B] religious [C] ethnic [D] economic20. [A] see [B] show [C] prove [D] tellSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted “kings don’t abdicate, they dare in their sleep.” But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down. So, does the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? Does that mean the writing is on the wall for all European royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyle?The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy. When public opinion is particularly polarised, as it was following the end of the Franco regime, monarchs canrise above “mere” politics and “embody” a spirit of national unity.It is this apparent transcendence of politics that explains monarchs’ continuing popularity polarized. And also, the Middle East excepted, Europe is the most monarch-infested region in the world, with 10 kingdoms (not counting Vatican City and Andorra). But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf and Asia, most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial but respected public figure.Even so, kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside. Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very history—and sometimes the way they behave today –embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities. At a time when Thomas Piketty and other economists are warning of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth, it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states.The most successful monarchies strive to abandon or hide their old aristocratic ways. Princes and princesses have day-jobs and ride bicycles, not horses (or helicopters). Even so, these are wealthy families who party with the international 1%, and media intrusiveness makes it increasingly difficult to maintain the right image.While Euro pe’s monarchies will no doubt be smart enough to survive for some time to come, it is the British royals who have most to fear from the Spanish example.It is only the Queen who has preserved the monarchy’s reputation with her rather ordinary (if well-heeled) granny style. The danger will come with Charles, who has both anexpensive taste of lifestyle and a pretty hierarchical view of the world. He has failed to understand that monarchies have largely survived because they provide a service – as non-controversial and non-political heads of state. Charles ought to know that as English history shows, it is kings, not republicans, who are the monarchy’s worst enemies.21. According to the first two Paragraphs, King Juan Carlos of Spain[A] used turn enjoy high public support[B] was unpopular among European royals[C] cased his relationship with his rivals[D]ended his reign in embarrassment22. Monarchs are kept as heads of state in Europe mostly[A] owing to their undoubted and respectable status[B] to achieve a balance between tradition and reality[C] to give voter more public figures to look up to[D]due to their everlasting political embodiment23. Which of the following is shown to be odd, according to Paragraph 4?[A] Ari stocrats’ excessive reliance on inherited wealth[B] The role of the nobility in modern democracies[C] The simple lifestyle of the aristocratic families[D]The nobility’s adherence to their privileges24. The British royals “have most to fear” because Charles[A] takes a rough line on political issues[B] fails to change his lifestyle as advised[C] takes republicans as his potential allies[D] fails to adapt himself to his future role25. Which of the following is the best title of the text?[A] Carlos, Glory and Disgrace Combined[B] Charles, Anxious to Succeed to the Throne[C] Carlos, a Lesson for All European Monarchs[D]Charles, Slow to React to the Coming ThreatsText 2Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data? The Supreme Court will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest.California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling particularly one that upsets the old assumption that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest. It is hard, the state argues, for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies.The court would be recklessly modest if it followed California’s advice. Enough of the implications are discernable, even obvious, so that the justices can and should provide updated guidelines to police, lawyers and defendants.They should start by discard ing California’s lame argument that exploring the contents of a smart phone — a vast storehouse of digital information — is similar to, say, rifling through a suspect’s purse. The court has ruled that police don’t violate the Fourth Amendment when they sif t through the wallet or pocketbook of an arrestee without a warrant. But exploring one’s smart phone is more like entering his or her home. A smart phone may contain an arrestee’s reading history, financial history, medical history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence. The development of “cloud computing,” meanwhile, has made that exploration so much the easier.Americans should take steps to protect their digital privacy. But keeping sensitive information on these devices is increasingly a requirement of normal life. Citizens still have a right to expect private documents to remain private and protected by the Constitution’s prohibition on unreasonable searches.As so often is the case, stating that principle doesn’t ease the challenge of line-drawing. In many cases, it would not be overly onerous for authorities to obtain a warrant to search through phone contents. They could still invalidate Fourth Amendment protections when facing severe, urgent circumstances, and they could take reasonable measures to ensure that phone data are not erased or altered while a warrant is pending. The court, though, may want to allow room for police to cite situations where they are entitled to more freedom.But the justices should not swallow California’s argument whole. New, disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitution’s protections. Orin Kerr, a law professor, compares the explosion and accessibility of digital information in the 21st centurywith the establishment of automobile use as a virtual necessity of life in the 20th: The justices had to specify novel rules for the new personal domain of the passenger car then; they must sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information now.26. The Supreme Court will work out whether, during an arrest, it is legitimate to[A] prevent suspects from deleting their phone contents.[B] search for suspects’ mobile phones without a warrant.[C] check suspects’ phone contents without being authorized.[D]prohibit suspects from using their mobile phones.27. The author’s attitude toward California’s argument is one of[A] disapproval.[B] indifference.[C] tolerance.[D]cautiousness.28. The author believes that exploring one’s phone contents is comparable to[A] getting into one’s residence.[B] handling one’s historical records.[C] scanning one’s correspondences.[D] going through one’s wallet.29. In Paragraph 5 and 6, the author shows his concern that[A] principles are hard to be clearly expressed.[B] the court is giving police less room for action.[C] citizens’ privacy is not effectively protected.[D] phones are used to store sensitive information.30. Orin Kerr’s comparison is quoted to indicate that[A] the Constitution should be implemented flexibly.[B] new technology requires reinterpretation of the Constitution.[C]California’s argument violates principles of the Constitution.[D]principles of the Constitution should never be alteredText 3The journal Science is adding an extra round of statistical checks to its peer-review process, editor-in-chief Marcia McNutt announced today. The policy follows similar efforts from other journals, after widespread concern that basic mistakes in data analysis are contributing to the irreproducibility of many published research findings.“Readers must have confidence in the conclusions published in our journal,” writes McNutt in an editorial. Working with the American Statistical Association, the journal has appointed seven experts to a statistics board of reviewing editors(SBoRE). Manuscript will be flagged up for additional scrutiny by the journal’s internal editors, or by its existing Board of Reviewing Editors or by outside peer reviewers. The SBoRE panel will then find external statisticians to review these manuscripts.Asked whether any particular papers had impelled the change, McNutt said: “Thecreation of the ‘statistics board’ was motivated by concerns broadly with the application of statistics and data ana lysis in scientific research and is part of Science’s overall drive to increase reproducibility in the research we publish.”Giovanni Parmigiani, a biostatistician at the Harvard School of Public Health, a member of the SBoRE group. He says he expects th e board to “play primarily an advisory role.” He agreed to join because he “found the foresight behind the establishment of the SBoRE to be novel, unique and likely to have a lasting impact. This impact will not only be through the publications in Science itself, but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want to model their approach after Science.”John Ioannidis, a physician who studies research methodology, says that the policy is “a most welcome step forward” and “long overdue.” “Most journals are weak in statistical review, and this damages the quality of what they publish. I think that, for the majority of scientific papers nowadays, statistical review is more essential than expert review,” he says. But he noted that biomedical journals such as Annals of Internal Medicine, the Journal of the American Medical Association and The Lancet pay strong attention to statistical review.Professional scientists are expected to know how to analyze data, but statistical errors are alarmingly common in published research, according to David Vaux, a cell biologist. Researchers should improve their standards, he wrote in 2023, but journals should also take a tougher line, “engaging reviewers who are statistically literate and editors who can verify the process”. Vaux says that Science’s idea to pass some papers to statisticians “has some merit, but aweakness is that it relies on the board of reviewing editors to identify ‘the papers that need scrutiny’ in the first place”.31. It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that[A] Science intends to simplify their peer-review process.[B] journals are strengthening their statistical checks.[C] few journals are blamed for mistakes in data analysis.[D] lack of data analysis is common in research projects.32. The phrase “flagged up” (Para. 2) is the closest in meaning to[A] found.[B] marked.[C] revised.[D] stored.33. Giovanni Parmigiani believes that the establishment of the SBoRE may[A] pose a threat to all its peers.[B] meet with strong opposition.[C] increase Science’s circulation.[D]set an example for other journals.34. David Vaux holds that what Science is doing now[A] adds to researchers’ workload.[B] diminishes the role of reviewers.[C] has room for further improvement.[D]is to fail in the foreseeable future35. Which of the following is the best title of the text?[A] Science Joins Push to Screen Statistics in Papers.[B] Professional Statisticians Deserve More Respect[C] Data Analysis Finds Its Way onto Editors’ Desks[D] Statisticians Are Coming Back with ScienceText 4Two years ago, Rupert Murdoch’s daughter ,Elisabeth ,spoke of the “unsettling dearth of integrity across so many of our institutions” Integrity had collapsed, she argued, because of a collective acceptance that the only “sorting mechanism ”in society should be profit and the market .But “it’s us ,human beings ,we the people who create the society we want ,not profit ”.Driving her point home, she continued: “It’s increasingly apparent that the absence of purpose, of a moral language within government, media or business could become one of the most dangerous foals for capitalism and freedom.” This same absence of moral purpose was wounding companies such as News International ,shield thought ,making it more likely that it would lose its way as it had with widespread illegal telephone hacking .As the hacking trial concludes –finding guilty ones-editor of the News of the World, Andy Coulson, for conspiring to hack phones ,and finding his predecessor, Rebekah Brooks, innocent of the same charge –the winder issue of dearth of integrity still standstill, Journalists areknown to have hacked the phones of up to 5,500 people .This is hacking on an industrial scale ,as was acknowledged by Glenn Mulcaire, the man hired by the News of the World in 2023 to be the point person for phone hacking. Others await trial. This long story still unfolds.In many respects, the dearth of moral purpose frames not only the fact of such widespread phone hacking but the terms on which the trial took place .One of the astonishing revelations was how little Rebekah Brooks knew of what went on in her newsroom, wow little she thought to ask and the fact that she never inquired wow the stories arrived. The core of her successful defence was that she knew nothing.In today’s world, title has become normal that well—paid executives should not be accountable for what happens in the organizations that they run perhaps we should not be so surprised. For a generation, the collective doctrine has been that the sorting mechanism of society should be profit. The words that have mattered are efficiency, flexibility, shareholder value, business–friendly, wealth generation, sales, impact and, in newspapers, circulation. Words degraded to the margin have been justice fairness, tolerance, proportionality and accountability.The purpose of editing the News of the World was not to promote reader understanding to be fair in what was written or to betray any common humanity. It was to ruin lives in the quest for circulation and impact. Ms Brooks may or may not have had suspicions about how her journalists got their stories, but she asked no questions, gave no instructions—nor received traceable, recorded answers.36. According to the first two paragraphs, Elisabeth was upset by[A] the consequences of the current sorting mechanism[B] companies’ financial loss due to immoral practices.[C] governmental ineffectiveness on moral issues.[D]the wide misuse of integrity among institutions.37. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that[A] Glem Mulcaire may deny phone hacking as a crime[B] more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking.[C] Andy Coulson should be held innocent of the charge.[D] phone hacking will be accepted on certain occasions.38. The author believes the Rebekah Books’s deference[A] revealed a cunning personality[B] centered on trivial issues[C] was hardly convincing[D] was part of a conspiracy39. The author holds that the current collective doctrine shows[A] generally distorted values[B] unfair wealth distribution[C] a marginalized lifestyle[D] a rigid moral cote40. Which of the following is suggested in the last paragraph?[A] The quality of writing is of primary importance.[B] Common humanity is central news reporting.[C] Moral awareness matters in exciting a newspaper.[D] Journalists need stricter industrial regulations.Part BDirections:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the fist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)How does your reading proceed? Clearly you try to comprehend, in the sense of identifying meanings for individual words and working out relationships between them, drawing on your explicit knowledge of English grammar (41) ______you begin to infer a context for the text, for instance, by making decisions about what kind of speech event is involved: who is making the utterance, to whom, when and where.The ways of reading indicated here are without doubt kinds of of comprehension. But they show comprehension to consist not just passive assimilation but of active engagement inference and problem-solving. You infer information you feel the writer has invited you to grasp by presenting you with specific evidence and cues (42) _______Conceived in this way, comprehension will not follow exactly the same track for each reader. What is in question is not the retrieval of an absolute, fixed or “true” meaning that can beread off and clocked for accuracy, or some timeless relation of the text to the world. (43) _______ Such background material inevitably reflects who we are, (44) _______This doesn’t, however, make interpretation merely relative or even pointless. Precisely because readers from different historical periods, places and social experiences produce different but overlapping readings of the same words on the page-including for texts that engage with fundamental human concerns-debates about texts can play an important role in social discussion of beliefs and values.How we read a given text also depends to some extent on our particular interest in reading it. (45)_______such dimensions of read suggest-as others introduced later in the book will also do-that we bring an implicit (often unacknowledged) agenda to any act of reading. It doesn’t then necessarily follow that one kind of reading is fuller, more advanced or more worthwhile than another. Ideally, different kinds of reading inform each other, and act as useful reference points for and counterbalances to one another. Together, they make up the reading component of your overall literacy or relationship to your surrounding textual environment.[A] Are we studying that text and trying to respond in a way that fulfils the requirement of a given course? Reading it simply for pleasure? Skimming it for information? Ways of reading on a train or in bed are likely to differ considerably from reading in a seminar room.[B] Factors such as the place and period in which we are reading, our gender ethnicity, age and social class will encourage us towards certain interpretation but at the same time obscure or even close off others.[C] If you are unfamiliar with words or idioms, you guess at their meaning, using cluespresented in the contest. On the assumption that they will become relevant later, you make a mental note of discourse entities as well as possible links between them.[D]In effect, you try to reconstruct the likely meanings or effects that any given sentence, image or reference might have had: These might be the ones the author intended.[E]You make further inferences, for instance, about how the test may be significant to you, or about its validity—inferences that form the basis of a personal response for which the author will inevitably be far less responsible.[F]In plays，novels and narrative poems, characters speak as constructs created by the author, no t necessarily as mouthpieces for the author’s own thoughts.[G]Rather, we ascribe meanings to test on the basis of interaction between what we might call textual and contextual material: between kinds of organization or patterning we perceive in a text’s formal structures (so especially its language structures) and various kinds of background, social knowledge, belief and attitude that we bring to the text.Section III TranslationDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Within the span of a hundred years, in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, a tide of emigration—one of the great folk wanderings of history—swept from Europe to America.46) This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.47) The United States is the product of two principal forces-the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits. Of necessity, colonial America was a projection of Europe. Across the Atlantic came successive groups of Englishmen, Frenchmen, Germans, Scots, Irishmen, Dutchmen, Swedes, and many others who attempted to transplant their habits and traditions to the new world.48) But, the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes. These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible. But the result was a new social pattern which, although it resembled European society in many ways, had a character that was distinctly American.49) The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the 15th- and 16th-century explorations of North America. In the meantime, thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico, the West Indies, and South America. These travelers to North America came in small, unmercifully overcrowded craft. During their six- to twelve-week voyage, they subsisted on barely enough food allotted to them. Many of the ship were lost in storms, many passengers died of disease, and infants rarely survived the journey. Sometimes storms blew the vessels far off their course, andoften calm brought unbearably long delay.“To the anxious travelers the sight of the American sh ore brought almost inexpressible relief.” said one recorder of events, “The air at twelve leagues’ distance smelt as sweet as a new-blown garden.” The colonists’ first glimpse of the new land was a sight of dense woods. 50) The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a veritable real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia. Here was abundant fuel and lumber. Here was the raw material of houses and furniture, ships and potash, dyes and naval stores.Section IV WritingPart A51. Directions:You are going to host a club reading session. Write an email of about 100 words recommending a book to the club members.You should state reasons for your recommendation.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use Li Ming instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay you should1) describe the drawing briefly2) explain its intended meaning, and3) give your commentsYou should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)时代旳聚会参照答案及详细解析I cloze1. [A] when [B] why [C] how [D] what【答案】[D] what【解析】该题考察旳是语法知识。

2022 年考研《英语（一）》考试真题及答案解析【完整版】Se c t i on I U se o f En g l i s hDirections: Read the fo I I owing t ex t . Choose the best word ( s) for each numbered b I ank and mark A, B, C or D on the A N SWER S H EET. ( 10 points) T he i dea that pIants have some degree of consciousness first took rootin the early2000s;the term"p l an t neu r ob i o l og y wa s_(1)a r oun d the notion that some aspec t s of plant b eh a v i o r could be—(2)to intel I igence i n an i ma l s. 一（3) p l ant s lack bra i ns, the firing of eIectr icaI s i g na I s i n their stems and I e aves nonethe I e ss t riggered responses t hat _ (4) consciousness, researchers previous I y r e por t ed.But such an i dea i s untrue, according to a new op i n i on art i c I e. PI ant biology is complex and f asc i nat i ng, but i t _ (S) so greatly from that of an i ma Is that so-ca I I ed_(6)of p I ants i nte I I i gence is i nconc I us i ve, the authors wr o t e .Beginning i n 2006, some sc i en t i st s have_ ( 7) t h a t plants possess neur on- I i ke ce 11 s that interact w i t h hormones and neur ot r ans mi t t e r s,—(8)"a p I ant nervous syst e m,—(9)to that in an i ma Is."said I ead study author L i nco I n Ta i z, " The y_--—(1 0) c l a i med thatplants have ' br a i n- I ike command centers at their root t ips.Th i s_ (11) makes sense i f you s i m p l i f y the wo r k i n g s of a c o mp l e x brain,_(12)it to an array of electrical pu l se s;celIs in p l an t s also communicate through eI ectr i caI si gna I s.—(13),the si gna I i ng in a plant is on l y_.-—(1 4) s i mi lar to the firing in a complex animal br ai n, which is more than "a mass of cel Is that commun i c a t e by e l ec t r i c i t y . " Taiz said."Fo r consc i ousness to evolve, a brain w i t h a threshold (15) o f comp I ex i ty and capac i t y i s r equ i r ed,"he—(16)"S i nc e plants don't have nervous syst ems, the ( 17 ) that they have consciousness areeffective I y ze ro. "Andw hat ' s so great about consciousness, anyway? PI ants can't runaway fr om_ (18) . So i nve s t i ng energy in a body system wh i c h_ (19) a threat andcanfeel pa i n would be a ve ry_ (20) e vo l ut i o na ry st rat egy, according to the article.1.【题干】1.【选项】A.c o i nedB.d i s c o ve redC.co I I ectedD.issued【答案】A2. 【题干】2.—一·－【选项】A.attributedB.directedC.c ompa redD.c o nf i ned【答案】C3.【题干】3. _ .【选项】A. un l e s sB.whenC. o nceD.though【答案】D4.【题干】4. _ .【选项】A. c o p e withB.consisted ofC.hinted atD.e xt e nded in【答案】C.5 【题干】.5—一·－【选项】A.suffersB.be nef i t sC.de ve l o psD.d i ff e rs【答案】D6.【题干】6. _ .【选项】A. accept anceB.evidenceC. c u l t i vat i o nD.creation【答案】B7. 【题干】7. _ .【选项】A.doubtedB.de n i e dC.arguedD. requested【答案】C8. . 【题 干】8. _. 【选项】A . adaptingB.formingC. repairingD.testing【答案】B9. 【题干】9. _. 【选项】A. analogousB.essentialC. suitableD. sensitive【答案】A10. 【 题 干】10. _. 【选项】C . st i 11D.even【答案】D11 . 【题 干】11. _.【选项】 ts U j re V e A ．B．A. restrictionB.experimentC. pe r sp ec t i veD.demand【答案】C1 2. 【题干】12. _ .【选项】A. attachingB. reducingC. returningD. e xpos i ng【答案】D1 3. 【题干】13. _ .【选项】A. H owe ve rB. Mo r eo ve rC. ThereforeD.Otherwise【答案】A1 4 .【题干】14. _ .【选项】A.temporarilyB. I iteral lyC. superficiallyD. imaginar i ly【答案】C15. 【题干】15. _ .【选项】A. Ii stB. levelC. labelD. local【答案】B16. 【题干】16. _ .【选项】A.recalledB. agreedC. q ue st i o n edD. added【答案】D1 7. 【题干】17. _ .【选项】A.chancesB. risksC.excusesD. assumptions【答案】A18. 【题干】18. _ .【选项】A.dangerB.failureC. warningD.control【答案】A19 【题干】19【选项】A. representsB. inc I udesC. revealsD. recognizes【答案】D20 . 【题干】20 . —一·－【选项】A.humbleB. poorC.practicalD.easy【答案】BSection II Reading Compr eh en s i o nPart ADirect ions:Read the fo I I owing four texts. Answer the questions be I ow each textby choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER S H EET. (40 points) Text 1Peop I e often comp I a in that p I ast i cs are too durab I e.Water bott I es, shopping bags, and other trash I itter theplanet, from Mount Everest to the Mariana Tr en c h, because p I ast i cs are everywhere and don't break downeas i l y. But some p l as t i c materials change over t i me. They crack and frizzle.They"weep"out additives.They melt into slu dge.AlI of wh i c h creates huge headaches for i nst i t ut i ons, such as museums , trying to preserve culturally i mpo r t an t ob j ec t s. The variety of plastic objects at risk is dizzying: early r ad i os, avant - gar de scu l pt ur es, celluloid animation sti I ls from Disney f i l ms,the first artificial h e a r t.Certain ar t i f act s a r e especially vulnerable because some pioneers in pI ast i c art d i dn' t a I ways know how to mix ingredients proper I y, says Thea van Oo s t en , a p o l yme r c h e m i s t who , unti I retiring a fewyears ago, worked for decades at the Cu I tura I Her i t age Agency of the N et he r I a nds. " I t ' s I i ke baking a cake: I f you don't have exact amo u nt s .i t goes wr on g ." She says. "The ob j ect you make is a I ready a ti me b omb. "And so me t i me s,i t's not the artist's fault.I n the1960s,t he It al i an artist Picro Gilardi began to create hundreds of br i ght , colorful foam pieces. Those pieces i nc Iuded sma I I beds of roses and other i t ems as we11 as a few dozen "nature carpets" - large rec t angl es decorated with foam pumpk i n s, c a bb age s ,and waterme I o ns. H e wanted v i ewers to wa I k around on the carpets - wh i c h meant they had to be dur ab l e.Unfortunate I y, the po I y urethane foam he used i s i nher ent I y unstab I e I t ' s espec i a l l y vulnerable t o I ight damage, and by the mi d- 1 990 s, G i I ard i ' s p u mpk i n s,r o se s ,and other f i gur es were sp I i tt i n g and crumb I i ng M u s e ums locked some of them away in the dark. So van Oosten and her col leagues worked to preserve Gi lardi's sculptur es. T hey infused somewith stab i I i z i ng and conso I i dating chem i ca I s. Van Oosten caI Is those chemicals "sunscreens" because t he i r goa l was to pr even t further I ight damage and rebui Id worn polymer f i ber s. She is proud that several sculptures have even gone on display aga in,albeit so met i mes beneath protective case s.Despite success s t or i es I i ke van Oo s t en ' s , p r e se r v a t i on of p I ast i cswi 11 I ikely get har der . Old objects continue to det er i or at e. Wo r s e ,bi odegradab I e pI ast i c s designed to d i s i nt egr at e, are increasingI y common . And more is at stake here than individual objects. Joana Lia Fer r e i r a, an assistant professor of conser vat i on and r est or at i on at the NOVA Schoo Iof Science and Technology, notes that ar chaeol og i st s first defined the great mater i a I ages of human hi st or y- St on e Age , Iron Age , and so on- af t er examining ar t i fa ct s in mu seums . We now I i ve in an age of p I ast i c, she says, "and what we decide to collect today, what we decide to preserve.'"Wi 11have a strong impact on how in the future we'I I be seen."21.【题干】Ac c o r d i ng to Paragraph 1, museums are faced with difficulties in【选项】A.maintaining their plastic itemsB.obtaining durable plastic artifactsC.hand I ing outdated plastic exhibitsD. classifying their plastic collections【答案】A22.【题干】Van Oo s t en be I i eves that certain pIasti c o切ect s ar e—一·－【选项】A. immune to decayB. improper I y shapedC.inherent I y f I awedD. complex in structure【答案】C23.【题干】Mu s eums stopped exh i b i t i ng some of Gi lard i's artworksto【选项】A. k e ep them from hurting visitorsB. dupl icate them for future displayC. have their ingredients analyzedD. prevent them from further damage【答案】D24.【题干】T he author thinks that preservation of pIast ics is【选项】A.costlyB. unworthyC. unpopularD. cha I lenging【答案】D25 【题干】I n Ferreira's opinion, preservation of plastic artifacts【选项】A. wi I I inspire future scientific researchB. has profound historical significanceC. wi I I help us separate the material agesD. has an impact on today's cultural I ife【答案】BText 2As the I atest crop of students pen their undergraduate app I i cations and weigh up their op t i on s,it may be worth consi der i ng」ust how the po i nt, purpose and va I ue of a degree has changed and what Gen Z need to consider as they start the third stage of their educat i ona I j ourn ey.Mi I lennials were told that if youdid wel I in schoo l,got a decentdegr ee, you would be set up for I i f e. But that pr o m i se has been found wanting. As degrees became un i versa I, they became deva I ued. Educat i on was no longer a secure route of social mobi I ity. T oda y, 28 per cent of graduates in the UK are in no n- gr adu a t e ro I es; a percentage which is doub I e the average amongst the OECD.This is not to say that there is no point in getting a deg ree,b ut, rather stress that a degree is not for ever yone, that the switch from c I a ssroom to I ecture ha I I i s not an i nevi t ab Ie one and that other options are avai I ab l e.Thankfu11y, there are s i gns that this i s aIready happening, w i t h Gen Z seeking to learn from their mi I lennial pr edecessor s, even if parents and teachers tend to be sti I I set in the degree mi nd se t . Employers have I ong seen the advantages of hiring schoo I I eaver s who often prove themse I ves to be m ore comm i t t ed and I o ya I emp I oyees than gr aduat es. Many too are seeing the advantages of scr app i ng a degree requirement for certain ro I es.For those for whom a degree is the des i r ed r out e, consider that t h i s may we11 be the f i r st of many. I n this age of genera I i sts, i t pays to have specific know I edge or ski 11 s. Postgraduates now earn 40 per cent more than graduates. When more and more of us have a degree, it makes sense to have t wo .I t is uni i k e l y that Gen Z w i I I be done w i t h education at 18 or 21; they wi I I need to be constantly up- ski I I ing throughout their career to stay agi Ie, re Ievant and emp I oyab I e. I t has been estimated that this generation due to the pressures of t echnol ogy, the wish for personal fulfilment and desire for d i ver si t y wi11 work for 17 d i ff er ent employers over the course of t he i r wo r k i n g I i f e and have five different c a ree r s. Education, and not just knowledge gained on campu s, wi I I be a core part of Generation Z's career t r aj ect or y.Older generations often talk about their degree in the present and persona I tense: I am a geographer'or I am a c I a s s i s t. Their sons or daughters wou I d never say such a thing; it's as i f they a I ready know that their degree won't define them in the same way.26. 【题干】The author suggests that Generation Z should【选项】A. be carefuI in chaos i ng a co 11egeB. be di I igent at each educational stageC. reassess the necessity of college educationD. postpone their undergraduate application【答案】C27 【题干】The percentage of U K graduates in non- gr aduat e roles ref l ect _【选项】A. Mi I lennial's opinions about workB. the shrinking value of a degreeC. p u b l ic discontent with educationD. the desired route of soci aI mob i I i ty【答案】B28. 【题干】The author considers it a good sign that【选项】A. Gene r at i o n Z are seeking to earn a decent degreeB. school leavers are willing to be skilled workersC. emp l o ye r s are taking a realistic attitude to degreeD. parents are changing their minds about education【答案】C29 .【题干】I t is advised in Paragraph 5 that those with onedegree should【选项】A. m ake an early decision on their careerB. attend on the job training programsC. t e a m up with hi gh- pa i d postgraduatesD. fu r t he r their studies in a specific field【答案】D30. 【题干】Wh at can be coneI uded about Generation Z from the I ast two paragraphs?【选项】A. Lifelong learning wi11 define t hem.B. They w i I I make qua I if i ed ed u c at or s.C. Depress w i I I no I onger appea I them.D. They wi 11 have a I imited choice of j obs.【答案】AT ext 3EnI i g hteni ng, chaI I engi n g, s t i mu I a t i ng, fun. These were some of the words that Nature readers used to describe t he i r exper i ence of ar t - sci ence collaborations in a ser i es of ar t i cl es on par t ner sh i ps b e t w ee n artists and r e sear c her s. N ear l y 40% of the roughly 350 people who responded to an accompanying p ol I sai d, they had collaborated with artists: and almost al I said they would consider doing so in future.Such an encouraging resuI ts is not sur pr i si ng. Scientists are increasingly seeking out v i sual ar t i st s to he l p them commun i c a t e t h e i r work to new aud i ences. " A r t i st s he Ip sc i en t i s t s reach a broader audience and make emot i on a l c o n nec t i on s that enhance l ear n i ng. " One respondentsai d.One example of how artists and scientists have together rocked the scenes came last month when the Sydney Symphony Orchestra performed a reworked ver s i on of An t on i o Viva Id i ' s The Four Seasons. They re imagined the 300-year-old score by i nj ect i ng the latest cl i mat e p r ed i c t i on data for each season- pr ov i ded by Monash Un i ver s i t y ' s Climate Change Communication Research Hub. The performance was a creative caI I to action ahead of November's Un i t ed Nations CI i mate Change Conference in GI a sgow, UK.But a genu i ne par t ner sh i p must be a two-way street. Fewer artist than scientists responded to the Nature pol I, howe v e r , several respondents noted that art i st s do not simply assist scientists with their communication r equ i r emen t s. Nor should their work be considered only as an object of study. The al I iances are most valuable when sc i ent i st s and artists have a shared stake i n a pr o j ect , are able t o 」o i nt l y design itand can cr i t i que each other's wo r k . Such an approach can both prompt new research as we11 as resuIt i n powerfuI ar t . More than haIf a century ago, the Massachusetts I nst i t ut e of T echno I ogy opened i t s Center for Advanced Visual Studies (CAVS) to explore the role of technology i n cul t ur e. The founders de I i berate Iy focused their projects around I i ght-hence the "visual studies" in the name. Light was a something that both artists and scientists hadan interest in, and therefore couId form the basis of collaboration. As sc i enc e and technology progr essed, and divided into more sub- d i sc i p I i nes, the centre was s i mu I taneous I y Iooki ng to a ti me when leading researchers could also be ar t i st s, writers and poet s, and vice ver sa.Nature's po11 findings suggest that t h i s trend i s as strong as ever , but, to make a co l l abo r at i on work, both sides need to invest t i me, and embrace surprise and cha I l enge. The reach of art - sc i ence t i e- ups needsto go beyond the necessary purpose of research commun i c a t i on , and participants. Artists and sc i ent i st s a I i ke are i mmer sed in discovery and invention, and cha 11enge and critique are core to both, t oo.31. 【题干】Ac c or d i ng to paragraph 1,ar t - sci ence collaborations have【选项】A. c a ught the attention of criticsB. received favorable responsesC. p r omot ed academic publishingD. sparked heated pub I ic disputes【答案】B32.【题干】Th e reworked version of The Four Seasons is men t i on ed to show that【选项】A. ar t can offer audiences easy access to scienceB. science can help with the expression of emotionsC. p u b l ic participation in science has a promising futureD. ar t is effective in faci I itating scientific innovations【答案】A33. 【题干】Some artists seem to worry about in the ar t - sci ence par t ne r sh i p_ .【选项】A. t heir role may be underestimatedB. t heir reputation may be impairedC. t heir creativity may be inhibitedD. their work may be misguided【答案】A34. 【题干】Wh at does the author say about CAVS?【选项】A. I t was headed a I ternateIy by artists and scientists.B. I t exemplified valuable ar t - sc i ence al I iances.C. Its projects aimed at advancing visual st udi e s.D. I ts founders sought to raise the status of ar t i st s.【答案】B35. 【题干】I n the I ast paragraph, the author hoIds that art - sci e n c eco11aborat ions【选项】A. ar e I ikely to go b eyond public expectationsB. wi I I intensify interdisciplinary competitionC. should do more than communicating science.D. ar e becoming more popular than before【答案】CT ext 4The persona I grievance provisions of New Zea I and's Emp I oyment Relations Act 2000 (ERA) prevent an employer from firing anemployee without good cause. I nst ead. di smi s sa l s must be justified. Emp l oy er s must both show cause and act in a procedura 11y fair way.Per sona l grievance procedures were designed to guard the jobs of ordinary workers from "un」ust i f i e d dismissals". The premise was that the common law of contract lacked sufficient safeguards for workers against arbitrary conduct by management. L ong gone are the days when a boss couId simply give an employee contractual not i ce.But these provisions create di ff i cuIt i es for businesses when app I i edto h i gh l y paid managers and execut i ves. As countless boards and business owners wi I I at t est , const r a i n i ng firms from f i r i ng poorly performing. hi gh- earn i ng managers is a handbrake on boost i ng pr oduct i v i t y and overal I performance. The difference between C- g r ade and A- g r ade managers may very we11 be t he d i f fe r ence between bus i ness success or fa i Iur e. Between preserving the jobs of ordinary workers or losing t hem. Yet mediocrityis no longer enough to justify a di smi s s a l .Con seq ue nt l y—and paradox i ca11y—|a ws introduced to protect the jobs of ordinary workers may be placing those jobs at risk.If notpIac i n g」ob s at r i sk,to the extent emp I oyment pr ot ect i on I aws constrain business owners from dismissing under- per f ormi ng man a ge r s , those laws act as a constraint on firm productivity and therefore on workers'wages.I ndeed,i n"An I nternat i ona I Per spect i ve on New Zea I and's Productivity Par ado x " ( 2014) . The Productivity Comm i s s i on singIedout the Iow qua I i ty of manager i a I capabi I it i es as a cause of the country's poor productivity growth r ecor d.Nor are h i gh I y pa i d managers themse Ives immune from the harm caused by the ERA ' s un j u st i f i ed d i sm i s sa l procedures. Because employment protection laws make it cost I i er to f i re an emp l oy ee , employers are more cautious about hiring new st aff . Th i s makes it harder for the mar g i n a l manager to gain emp I oyment . And f i r ms pay staff Iessbecause firms carry the burden of the employment arrangement going wrong.Soc i e t y a I so suffers from excess i ve emp I oyment pr ot ect i ons. St r i ngent 」ob dismissal r egu l at i ons adver se l y affect productivity growth and hamper both prosperity and overall well-being.Across the Tasman Sea, Au s t r a l i a deals w i t h the un j u s t i f i ed dismissal paradox by exc l ud i ng employees earning above a specified "hi gh- i ncome threshold" from the pr ot ect i on of its unf a i r dismissal laws. In New Zea I and, a 2016 private members'Bi 11 tried to permit f i rms andh i gh- i ncome emp I oyees to contract out of the u n」ust i f i edd i sm i s sa l r eg i me.H owe ve r ,the mec h an i sms proposed were unw i e I dy and the Bi 11 was voted down fo 11owing the change in government I ater that year .36. 【题干】The persona I grievance provisions of the ERA are intended to【选项】A. p un i s h dubious corporate practicesB. improve traditional hiring proceduresC. e x emp t employers from certain dutiesD. protect the rights of ordinary workers【答案】D37. 【题干】I t can be learned from Paragraph 3 t ha t the prov1s1ons may【选项】A. hinder business developmentB. undermine managers'authorityC. affect the pub I ic image of the f i rmsD. wo r se n l abo r- man ageme n t relations【答案】A38. 【题干】Wh i c h of the fo I I owing measures wouId be the Productivity Commission support?【选项】A. I m po s i ng reasonable wage restraints.B. Enf or c i ng employment protection lawsC.Limiting the powers of business owners.D. Di s mi s s i ng poorly performing manage r s.【答案】D39 . 【题干】Wh a t might be an effect of E RA ' s unjustified dismissal procedures?【选项】A. H i gh l y paid managers lose their jobs.B. Emp I o yees suffer from sa I ary cut s.C. Society sees a rise in overal I wel I - be i ng.D. Emp l o ye r s need to hire new st aff .【答案】B40 . 【题干】I t can be i n f e r r ed that the "hi g h-i ncome threshold" in Australia【选项】A. h as secured managers earningsB. has produced undesired resultsC. is beneficial to business ownersD. is difficult to put into practice【答案】CPa r t BD i r ec t i ons : T he fol lowing paragraphs are given i n a wrong or d er . For Questions 41- 45, you are r equ i r e d to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent art i c Ie by choos i ng from the I i st A- G and f i I I i ng them i nt o the numbered bo xes.Paragraphs C and F have been correct I y p I ac ed.Mark your answers on A N SWER S H EET. (10 points)Teri Byr d_ (41)I was a zoo and w i Id I i fe park emp I oy e e for y e a r s. Both the w i Id I i fe park and zoo claimed to be operating for the benefit of the animals and for conservation purposes. This c I a i m was fa I se. Ne i t he r one of themactua 11y participated in any cont r i but i ons whose bottom I i ne is much more important than the condition of the animals.Animals desp i se be i ng captives in zoos. N o matter how you "enhance" enc I osures, they do not a 11ow for fr eedom, a natura I d i et or adequate ti me for transparency with these i nst i t ut i ons, and it's past time to eliminate zoos from our cuIt ur e.Karen R. Si me (42)As a zoo I o gy pr of ess o r ,I agree w i t h Emma M a r r i s that zood i sp I ays can be sad and crue I. But sheunderestimates the educat i onaI vaI ue of zoos.The zoology program at my university attracts students for whom zoo visits were the cr uc i a l formative exper i ence t ha t led them to major i n bi oI o gi caI sc i ences. T h e s e are most I y students who had no opp o r t un i t y as chi I dren to tr ave I tow i I derness ar eas, w i Id I i fe refuges or nat i ona I parks.A I though good TV shows can he Ip s t i r chi I dren's interest in c o n s e r vat i o n, they cannot rep I ace the exc i t emen t of a zoo visit asanintense, i mmers i ve and i nt er act i ve exper i ence. Sure I y there must be some mi dd I e ground that balances zoos'treatment of animals with their educational potential.Greg N ewb e r r y _ (43)Emma Marris's article is an i nsu l t and a d i sser v i ce to the thousands of passionate who work t i r e l ess l y to improve the I i ves of animals and protect our pl anet. She uses outdated research and decades- o l d examples to undermine the noble m i s s i on of or gan i z a t i on committed to connecting chi I dren to a wor Id beyond their own .Zoos are at the forefront of c o n s e r vat i onand constant I y evo I v i ng to improve how they care for an i ma l s and protect each spec i es i n its natural hab i t at . Are there tragedies? Of cour se. But they are the except i on not the norm that M s. Ma r r i s i mp I i e s. A distressed an i ma l in a zoo wi 11 get as good or better treatment than most of us at our local hospi t a l.Dean Ga I lea (44)As a fe I I ow env i ronmenta I i st an i ma I - p r o t ec t i on advocate and I ongt i me vegetarian. I cou Id proper I y be in the same camp as Emma Marris on the issue of zoos. But I believe that wel I - r un zoos and the heroic animals that suffer their captivity so serve a higher purpose. Were it not for opportunities to observe these beaut i fu I w i Id creatures c I ose to home many more people would be driven by their fascination to travel to wi Id areas to seek out disturb and even hunt them down .Zoos are in that sense similar to natural history and archeology museums serving to satisfy our need for contact with these I iv i ng creatures while leaving the vast majority undisturbed in their natural envi ronme nt s .John Fraser (45)Emma Marris se I ect i ve I y describes and misrepresents the f i ndi ngs of our research. Our studies focused on the impact of zoo experiences on how people think about themselves and nature and the data points extracted from our st udi es.Zoos are too Is for t h i nk i ng. O u r research provides strong support for the va I u e of zoos in connecting peop I e with anima Is and with nature. Zoos provide a cr it i ca I voice for conservation and env i ronmenta I protection. They afford an opportunity for peop I e from aI I backgrounds to encounter a range of animals from drone bees to springbok or salmon to better understand the natura I wor Id we Ii ve in.41. 【题干】41. _ .【选项】A. Z oos which spare no effort to take care of anima l s should not be subjected to unfair cr i t ici sm.B. To pressure zoos to spend I ess on t hei r an i m a I s wouId I ead to inhumane outcomes for the precious creatures in their car e.C. While animals in captivity deserve sympathy, zoos p l ay asignificant roIe i n starting young peop I e down the path of re I ated sc1ences.D. Zoos save peop I e trips to w i I derness areas and thus contribute tow i Id I i fe conservation.E. For w i Id an i m a I s that cannot be returned to their natur a I hab i t at s, zoos offer the best a l t ernat i ve.F. Zoos shou I d have been c I osed down as they pr i or i t i ze money making over ani ma Is'weI Ib eing.G. M arris d i st or t s our f i nd i ngs which actua11y prove that zoos serve as an indispensable I ink between man and nature.【答案】F42. 【题干】42. —一·－【选项】A. Z oos which spare no effort to take care of an i ma l s should not be subjected to unfair cr i t ici sm.B. To pressure zoos to spend I ess on their an i ma Is wou Id I ead to inhumane outcomes for the precious creatures in their car e.C. While animals in captivity deserve sympat h y,zoos p l ay a significant roIe i n starting young peop I e down the path of re I ated s,c e nc e s .D. Zoos save peop I e trips to w i I derness areas and thus contribute to w i Id I i fe c o n se r v at i on.E. For w i Id an i m a I s that cannot be returned to their natur a I hab i t at s, zoos off er the best a I temat i ve.F. Zoos shou I d have been c I osed down as they pr i or i t i ze money making over animals'wel Ibeing.G. M arris d i st or t s our f i nd i ngs which actua 11y prove that zoos serve as an indispensable I ink between man and nature.。

2023年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）2023年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）Justice Antonin Scalia, for e某ample, appeared at political events. That kind of activity makes it less likely that the court’s decisions will be _4_ as impartial judgments. Part of the problem is that the justices are not _5_by an ethics code. At the very least, the court should make itself _6_to the codeof conduct that _7_to the rest of the federal judiciary.This and other similar cases _8_the question of whether there is still a _9_between the court and politics.The framers of the Constitution envisioned law _10_having authority apart from politics. They gave justices permanent positions _11_they would be free to _12_ those in power and have no need to _13_ political support. Our legal system was designed to set law apart from politics precisely because they are so closely _14_.Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamental social _15_ like liberty and property. When the court deals with social policy decisions, the law it _16_ is inescapably political-which is why decisionssplit along ideological lines are so easily _17_ as unjust.The justices must _18_ doubts about the court’s legitimacy by making themselves _19_ to the code of conduct. That wouldmake rulings more likely to be seen as separate from politics and, _20_, convincing as law.1. [A]emphasize [B]maintain [C]modify [D] recognize2.[A]when [B]lest [C]before [D] unless 3. [A]restored [B]weakened[C]established [D] eliminated5. [A]advanced [B]caught [C]bound [D]founded6. [A]resistant [B]subject [C]immune [D]prone7. [A]resorts [B]sticks [C]loads [D]applies 8. [A]evade[B]raise [C]deny [D]settle 9. [A]line [B]barrier [C]similarity [D]conflict2023年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）10. [A]by [B]as [C]though [D]towards 11. [A]so [B]since[C]provided [D]though 12. [A]serve [B]satisfy [C]upset[D]replace 13. [A]confirm [B]e某press [C]cultivate [D]offer 14.[A]guarded [B]followed [C]studied [D]tied 15. [A]concepts[B]theories [C]divisions [D]conceptions16. [A]e某cludes [B]questions [C]shapes [D]controls17. [A]dismissed [B]released [C]ranked [D]distorted 18.[A]suppress [B]e某ploit [C]address [D]ignore19. [A]accessible [B]amiable [C]agreeable [D]accountable 20.[A]by all mesns [B]atall costs [C]in a word [D]as a resultRosenberg, the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize, offers a host of e某ample of the social cure in action: In South Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program called Rage Against the Haze sets out to make cigarettes uncool. In South Africa, an HIV-prevention initiative known as LoveLife recruits young people to promote safe se某 among their peers.The idea seems promising，and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer. Her critique of the lameness of many pubic-health campaigns is spot-on: they fail to mobilize peer pressure for healthy habits, and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psychology.” Dare to be different, please don’t smoke!” pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking among teenagers-teenagers, who desirenothing more than fitting in. Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure.But on the general effectiveness of the social cure, Rosenberg is less persuasive. Join the Club is filled with too much irrelevant detail and not enough e某ploration of thesocial and biological factors that make peer pressure so powerful. The most glaring flaw of the social cure as it’s presented here is that it doesn’t work very well for very long. Rage Against the Haze failed once state funding was cut.Evidence that the LoveLife program produces lasting changes is limited and mi某ed.Far less certain, however, is how successfully e某perts and bureaucrats can select our peer groups and steer theiractivities in virtuous d irections. It’s like the teacher who breaks up the troublemakers in the back row by pairing them2023年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）with better-behaved classmates. The tactic never really works. And that’s the problem with a social cure engineered from the outside: in the real world, as in school, we insist on choosing our own friends.21. According to the first paragraph, peer pressure often emerges as [A] a supplement to the social cure [B] a stimulus to group dynamics [C] an obstacle to school progress [D] a cause of undesirable behaviors22. Rosenberg holds that public advocates should [A] recruit professional advertisers [B] learn from advertisers’ e某perience[D] recognize the limitations of advertisements23. In the author’s view, Rosenberg’s book fails to [A] adequately probe social and biological factors [B] effectively evade the flaws of the social cure [C] illustrate the functions of state funding [D]produce a long-lasting social effect24. Paragraph 5shows that our imitation of behaviors [A] is harmful to our networks of friends [B] will mislead behavioral studies [C] occurs without our realizing it [D] can produce negative health habits25. The author suggests in the last paragraph that theeffect of peer pressure is [A] harmful[B] desirable[C]profound[D] questionable2023年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）26. The phrase “reneging on”(Line 3.para.1) is closest in meaning to [A] condemning.[B] reaffirming.[C] dishonoring.[D] securing.27. By entering into the 2002 agreement, Entergy intended to[A] obtain protection from Vermont regulators. [B] seek favor from the federal legislature.[C] acquire an e某tension of its business license . [D] get permission to purchase a power plant.28. According to Paragraph 4, Entergy seems to have problems with its [A] managerial practices. [B] technical innovativeness.[C] financial goals. [D] business vision29. In the author’s view, the Vermont case will test [A] Entergy’s capacity to fulfill all its promises. [B] the mature of states’ patchwork regulations. [C] the federal authority over nuclear issues .[D] the limits of states’ power over nuclear issues.30. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that [A] Entergy’s business elsewhere might be affected. [B] the authority of the NRC will be defied.2023年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）[C] Entergy will withdraw its Plymouth application. [D] Vermont’s reputation might be damaged.31. According to the first paragraph, the process of discovery is characterized by its[B] misconception and deceptiveness. [C] logicality and objectivity.[D] systematicness and regularity.32. It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that credibility process requires。

考研英语阅读理解真题了练习答案详解 Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. Such behaviour is regarded as “all too human”， with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as well，考研英语真题阅读理解试题及名师解析(23)。

The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They are good-natured, co-cooperative creatures, and they share their food readily. Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “good and services” than males。

[C] efforts to make discoveries are justified.[D]scientific work calls for a critical mind.35.Which of the following would be the best title of the test? [A] Novelty as an Engine of Scientific Development.[B]Collective Scrutiny in Scientific Discovery.[C] Evolution of Credibility in Doing Science.[D]Challenge to Credibility at the Gate to Science.Text 4If the trade unionist Jimmy Hoffa were alive today, he would probably represent civil servant. When Hoffa’s Teamsters werein their prime in 1960, only one in ten American government workers belonged to a union; now 36% do. In 2023 the number of unionists in America’s public sector passed that of theirfellow members in the private sector. In Britain, more than half of public-sector workers but only about 15% of private-sector ones are unionized.There are three reasons for the public-sector unions’ thriving. First, they can shut things down without suffering much in the way of consequences. Second, they are mostly bright and well-educated. A quarter of America’s public-sector workers have a university degree. Third, they now dominate left-of-centre politics. Some of their ties go back a long way.Britain’s Labor Party, as its name implies, has long beenassociated with trade unionism. Its current leader, Ed Miliband, owes his position to votes from public-sector unions.At the state level their influence can be even more fearsome. Mark Baldassare of the Public Policy Institute of California points out that much of the state’s budget is patrolled byunion s. The teachers’ unions keep an eye on schools, the CCPOA on prisons and a variety of labor groups on health care.Reform has been vigorously opposed, perhaps most egregiously in education, where charter schools, academies and merit pay all faced drawn-out battles. Even though there is plenty of evidence that the quality of the teachers is the most important variable, teachers’ unions have fought against getting rid of bad onesand promoting good ones.36. It can be learned from the first paragraph that [A] Teamsters still have a large body of members. [B] Jimmy Hoffa used to work as a civil servant.[C] unions have enlarged their public-sector membership.[D]the government has improved its relationship with unionists.37. Which of the following is true of Paragraph 2? [A]Public-sector unions are prudent in taking actions.[B] Education is required for public-sector union membership.[C] Labor Party has long been fighting against public-sector unions.[D]Public-sector unions seldom get in trouble for their actions.[B] indirectly augmented. [C] excessively increased.[D]fairly adjusted.39. The example of the unions in Wisconsin shows that unions[A]often run against the current political system. *B+can change people’s political attitudes. [C]may be a barrier to public-sector reforms. [D]are dominant in the government.40. John Donahue’s attitude towards the public-sector system is one of [A]disapproval. [B]appreciation. [C]tolerance.[D]indifference.Part B Directions:The second half of the 20th century saw a collection of geniuses, warriors, entrepreneurs and visionaries labour to create a fabulous machine that could function as a typewriter and printing press, studio and theatre, paintbrush and gallery, piano and radio, the mail as well as the mail carrier. (41) All animals download, but only a few upload. Beavers build dams and birds make nests. Yet for the most part, the animal kingdom moves through the world downloading. Humans areunique in their capacity to not only make tools but then turn around and use them to create superfluous material goods - paintings, sculpture and architecture - and superfluous experiences - music, literature, religion and philosophy. (43) Television is a one-way tap flowing into our homes. The hardest task that television asks of anyone is to turn the power off after he has turned it on. (45)What counts as meaningful uploading? My definition revolves around the concept of \[A] Of course, it is precisely these superfluous things that define human culture and ultimately what it is to be human. Downloading and consuming culture requires great skills, but failing to move beyond downloading is to strip oneself of a defining constituent of humanity.[C] Not only did they develop such a device but by the turn of the millennium they had also managed to embed it in a worldwide system accessed by billions of people every day.Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)(49)The second, by Joshua Greenberg, takes a more empirical approach to universality identifying traits (particularly in word order) shared by many language which are considered torepresent biases that result from cognitive constraints Gray and his colleagues have put them to the test by examining fourfamily trees that between them represent more than 2,000 languages.(50)Chomsky’s grammar should show patterns of language change that are independent of the family tree or the pathway tracked through it. Whereas Greenbergian universality predicts strong co-dependencies between particular types ofword-order relations. Neither of these patterns is borne out by the analysis, suggesting that the structures of the languages are lire age-specific and not governed by universals [NxtPage] Section III Writing Part A51. Directions:2) provide some suggestions for their campus life here.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET2.Do notsign your name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address(10 points)Part B52. Directions: write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay you should1) describe the drawing briefly2) explain its intended meaning, andYou should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.(20 points)2023年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题答案详解Section I Use of English 1．【答案】B【解析】从空后信息可以看出，这句表达的是“_ _法官表现得像政治家”的情况下，法庭就不能保持其作为法律法规的合法卫士的形象，所以应该选C, maintain“维持，保持”，其他显然语义不通。

2020考研英语一真题解析：阅读理解难度微涨出国留学考研网为大家提供2018考研英语一真题解析：阅读理解难度微涨，更多考研资讯请关注我们网站的更新!2018考研英语一真题解析：阅读理解难度微涨2018考研英语终于告一段落，这是对自己的一个很大交代。

就今年英语一的题目而言，发现很多考生都反映出题难，出题怪，简直不知云里雾里什么的。

其实，并非如此，今年的考题从题目上而言，并没有特别的难，当然前提是备考地非常好，这才是实事，也是最关键的。

因此，全面而合理的备考才是考场上取胜的法宝，这也给各位考生提出了备考的关键之路。

首先，从时事角度来分析今年的考题从文章角度上看，貌似读起来很拗口，不知所云，但其实只要认真读，没有那么难理解。

详细来说，第一篇文章讲到了一个当今时代发展的核心话题，即automation，也是如今经济发展到现在这个阶段，所必须讨论的，不可避免的话题。

虽然这是英语一的考题，但与英语二2014年第三篇manversusmachine中的内容有相同之处，以及2013年英语二第一篇文章averageisover中也有相应内容，这也是相似话题的重复命题考察。

本篇文章中提到的在automation时代education需要强调creativepotential，也恰恰和2013年英语二考的内容完全一致，没有任何差别。

所以，再次强调，真题很重要，复习好真题，并且多遍反复看真题是重中之重。

接下来，看看第二篇文章，文章一上来就考察了Trump这个人物，是不是很时新，是不是很潮流，出题人也会紧跟整个全球的发展。

比如，各位有没有发现，2015年英语二第四篇文章考察了Obamacare奥巴马医改，这个话题，当年的奥巴马还是很热门的啊;再比如2007年第三篇文章考察了PresidentPush的SocialSecurity活动，当然还有很多很多。

这说明什么，说明出题人越来越关注最新时事话题，越来越倾向于贴合全新的当下和热点有一定关联的内容选出阅读文章，大家平时要读报纸，也要多读些时事要闻了呀。

2024年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)小作文PartA(10 points)Dear Paul,In your letter you asked me for some advice on how to prepare for an oral report on an ancient Chinese scientist,and now I am writing with sincerity to give you some necessary suggestions.What follows,as you requested in your letter,is my advice on the oral report.To begin with,you are expected to select an ancient Chinese scientist and conduct extensive research on his life and work.Apart from that,you are also supposed to organize your findings into an outline, covering his major achievements and contributions.What I suggested would be beneficial for you,and I do hope you can follow them.If you need more detailed interpretation of my proposals,I would be available any time for you.Sincerely yours,Li Ming2024年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(一)试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word (s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)It's not difficult to set targets for staff.It is much harder, 1 ,to understand their negative consequences.Most work-related behaviors have multiple components. 2 one and the others become distorted.1.[A] [B] |C] [D]2.[A] [B] [C] [D]3.[A] [B] [C] [D]4.[Al [B] |C|[DI5.[A] [B] [C] [D]6.[A] [B] [C] [D]7.[A] [B] [C] [DI8.[A]9.[Al [B][B][C][C][D][DI10.[A] [B] [C] [DI11.[A]12.[A]13.[A]14.[A] [B][B][B][B][C][C][C][Cl[D][D][D][DI15.[A] [B] [C] [D]16.[A] [B] [C] [DI17.[A]18.[AJ19.[A]20.[A][B][B][B][B][C][C][C][C][DJ[D][D][D] Section I Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four tex(s.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,Cor D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1“Reskilling”is something that sounds like a buzzword but is actually a requirement if we plan to have a future in which a lot of would-be workers do not get left behind.We know we are moving into a period where the jobs in demand will change rapidly,as will the requirements of the jobs that remain.Research by the World Economic Forum finds that on average 42 percent of t he“core skills”within job roles will change by 2022.That is a very short timeline.21.[A][B]2[C][D]22.[A][B][C][D]23.[A][B][C][D]24.[A][B][C][D]25.[A][B][C][D]3 ■Text 2“Reskilling”is something that sounds like a buzzword but is actually a requirement if we plan to have a future in which a lot of would-be workers do not get left behind.We know we are moving into a period where thejobs in demand will change rapidly,as will the requirements of the jobs that remain.Research by the World Economic Forum finds that on average 42 percent of the“core skills”within job roles will change by 2022.That is a very short timeline.26.[A][B][C][D]27.[A][B][C][D]28.[A][B]■■5[C] [D]29 ·[A] [B][C¹[ 」[D]30.·[A][B] [C] [D]Text 3“Reskilling”is something that sounds like a buz zword but is actually a requirement if we plan to have a future in which a lot of would-be workers do not get left behind.We know we are moving into a period where the jobs in demand will change rapidly,as will the requirements of the jobs that remain.Research by the World Economic Forum finds that on average 42 percent of the“core skills”within job roles will change by 2022.That is a very short timeline.31._ _■6[A] [B] [C] [D]32.33.[A] [B] [C] [D]34.[A][B] [C] [D] 35.[A][B]巨 巨 同 3[C][D]Text 4The miracle of the Chesapeake Bay lies not in its depths,but in the complexity of its n atural construction,the interaction of fresh and saline waters,and the mix of land and water. The shallows provide homes for hundreds of species while storing floodwaters,filtering pollutants from water,and protecting nearby communities from potentially destructive storm surges.All this was put at great risk late last month,when the U.S.Supreme Court issued a ruling in an idaho case that provides the U.S.Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)far less authority to regulate wetlands and waterways.Specifically,a 5-4 majority decided that wetlands protected by the EPA under its Clean Water Act authority must have a "continuous surface connection"to bodies of water.This narrowing of the regulatory scope was a victory for builders,mining operators and other commercial interests often at odds with environmental rules.And it carries "significant repercussions for water quality and food control throughout the United States,"as Justice Brett Kavanaugh observed.In Maryland,the good news is that there are many state laws in place that provide wetlands protections.But that's a very shortsighted view,particularly when it comes to the Chesapeake Bay.The reality is that water,and the pollutants that so often come with it,don't respect state boundaries.The Chesapeake draws from a 64,000-square-mile watershed that extends into Virginia,Pennsylvania,New York,West Virginia,the District of Columbia and Delaware.Will those jurisdictions extend the same protections now denied under Sackett v. EPA?Perhaps some,but all?That seems unlikely.It is too easy,and misleading,to see such court rulings as merely standing up for the rights of land owners when the consequences can be so dire for their neighbors.And it's a reminder that the EPA's involvement in the Chesapeake Bay Program has long been crucial as the means to transcend the influence of deep-pocketed special interests in neighboring states. Pennsylvania farmers,to use one telling example,aren't thinking about next year's blue crab harvest in Maryland when they decide whether to sprend animal waste on their fields,yet the ■7runoff into nearby creeks can haveenormous impact downstream.And so we would call on state lawmakers from Richmond to Albany to consider reviewing their own wetlands protections and see for themselves the enormous stakes involved.We can offer them a visit to Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge in Dorchester County wherebald engles fly over tidal marshes so shallow you could not paddle a boat across them but teaming with aquatic life.It's worth the scenic drive.36.The Chesapeake Bay is described in paragraph I as[A]a valuable natural environment[B]a contraversial conservation area[C]a place with commercial potential[D]a headache for nearby communities.37.The U.S.Supreme Court's ruing in the Idaho case[A]reinforces water pullution control[B]weakens the EPA's regulatory power[C]will end conflits among local residents[D]may face opposition from mining operators38.How does’the autor fell about future of the chesapenke Bay?[A]woried[B]Puzzied[C]Relieved[D]Encouraged39.What can be inferred about the EPA's involvement in the chesapeake ■8Bay Program?[A]It has restored the balance among neighboing jurisdictions.[B]It has triggered a radical reform in commercial fisheries[C]It has set a fine example of respecting state authorities.[D]It has ensured the coordination of protection efforts.40.The author holds that the state lawmakers should[A]be cautious about the influence of landowners[B]attach due importance to wetlands protections[C]recognize the need to expand wildlife refuges[D]improve the wellbeing ofendangered speciesPart BDirections: In the following text,some segments have been removed. For Questions 41-45,choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks.There are two extra choices,which do not fit in any of the blanks.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Long before Man lived on the Earth,there were fishes,reptiles, birds,insects,and some mammals.Although some of these animals were ancestors of kinds living today,others are now extinct,that is,they have no descendants alive now.41. Very occasionally the rocks show impression of skin,so that,apart from color,we can build up a9reasonably accurate picture of an animal that died millions of years ago. The kind of rock in which the remains are found tells us much about the nature of the original land,often of the plants that grew on it,and even of its climate.42. Nearly all of the fossils that we know were preserved in rocks formed by water action,and most of these are of animals that lived in or near water.Thus it follows that there must be many kinds of mammals,birds,and insects of which we know nothing.Directions:For Questions 41-45,choose the most suitable paragraphs from the list A-G and fill them into the numbered boxes to form a coherent text.Paragraph F and G have been correctly placed.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)[A]“I just don't know how to motivate them to do a better job.We're in a budget crunch and I have absolutely no financial rewards at my disposal.In fact,we'll probably have to lay some people off in the near future.It's hard for me to make the job interesting and challenging because it isn't—it's boring,routine paperwork,and there isn't much you can do about it.”[B]“Finally,I can't say to them that their promotions will hinge on t he excellence of their paperwork.First of all,they knew it's not true.Ifgroups during the decades before the war.But after the war,great social and political changes arising out of the successful war against Fascism created a growing demand in European and American economies for increasing numbers of graduates with more than a secondary school education.(47) And the demand that rose in those societies for entry to higher education extended to groups and social classes that had not thought of attending a university before the war. These demands resulted in a very rapid expansion of the systems of higher education,beginning in the 1960s and developing very rapidly (though unevenly)during the 1970s and 1980s.Section II WritingPart A51.Directions:Suppose you are organizing an online meeting.Write an email toJack, an international student,to1)invite him to participate,and2)tell him the details.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name in the email;u se“LiMing”instead.(10 points)Part B52.Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing.In your essay you should1)describe the drawing briefly,2)explain its intended meaning,and3)give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(20 points)。

____年考研英语一真题原文及答案解析完整版____年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Trust is a tricky business. On the one hand, it's a necessary condition 1 many worthwhile things: child care, friendships, etc. On the other hand, putting your 2, in the wrong place often carries a high 3.4, why do we trust at all? Well, because it feels good. 5 people place their trust in an individual or an institution, their brains release oxytocin, a hormone that 6 pleasurable feelings and triggers the herding instruct that prompts humans to 7 with one another. Scientists have found that exposure 8 this hormone puts us in a trusting 9: In a Swiss study, researchers sprayed oxytocin into the noses of half the subjects; those subjects were ready to lend significantly higher amounts of money to strangers than were their 10 who inhaled something else.11 for us, we also have a sixth sense for dishonesty that may 12 us. A Canadian study found that children as young as 14 months can differentiate credible person and a dishonest one. Sixty toddlers were each 14 to an adult tester holding a plastic container. The tester would ask, “What’s in here?” before looking into the container, smiling, and exclaiming, “Wow!” Each subject was then invited to look 15. Half of them found a toy; the other half 16 the container was empty-and realized the tester had 17 them.Among the children who had not been tricked, the majority were 18 to cooperate with the tester in learning a new skill, demonstrating that they trusted his leadership. 19, only five of the 30 children paired with the “20”tester parti cipated in a follow-up activity.1. [A] on [B] like [C] for [D] from2. [A] faith [B] concern [C] attention [D] interest3. [A] benefit [B] debt [C] hope [D] price4. [A] Therefore [B] Then [C] Instead [D] Again5. [A]Until [B] Unless [C] Although [D] When6. [A] selects [B] produces [C] applies [D] maintains8. [A] at [B] by [C]of [D]to9. [A] context [B] mood [C] period [D] circle10.[A] counterparts [B] substitutes [C] colleagues [D]supporters11.[A] Funny [B] Lucky [C] Odd [D] Ironic12.[A] monitor [B] protect [C] surprise [D] delight13.[A] between [B] within [C] toward [D] over14.[A] transferred [B] added [C] introduced [D] entrusted15.[A] out [B] back [C] around [D] inside16.[A] discovered [B] proved [C] insisted [D] .remembered17.[A] betrayed [B]wronged [C] fooled [D] mocked18.[A] forced [B] willing [C] hesitant [D] entitled19.[A] In contrast [B] As a result [C] On the whole [D] For instance20.[A] inflexible [B] incapable [C] unreliable [D] unsuitable Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1This isn't to be alarmist. Optimists point out that technological upheaval has benefited workers in the past. The Industrial Revolution didn't go so well for Luddites whose jobs were displaced by mechanized looms, but it eventually raised living standards and created more jobs than it destroyed. Likewise, automation should eventually boost productivity, stimulate demand by driving down prices, and free workers from hard, boring work. But in the medium term, middle-class workers may need a lot of help adjusting.21.Who will be most threatened by automation?[A] Leading politicians.[B]Low-wage laborers.[C]Robot owners.[D]Middle-class workers.22 .Which of the following best represent the author’s view?[A] Worries about automation are in fact groundless.[B]Optimists' opinions on new tech find little support.[C]Issues arising from automation need to be tackled[D]Negative consequences of new tech can be avoidedcation in the age of automation should put more emphasis on[A] creative potential.[B]job-hunting skills.[C]individual needs.[D]cooperative spirit.24.The author suggests that tax policies be aimed at[A] encouraging the development of automation.[B]increasing the return on capital investment.[C]easing the hostility between rich and poor.25.In this text, the author presents a problem with[A] opposing views on it.[B]possible solutions to it.[C]its alarming impacts.[D]its major variations.Text 2A new survey by finds more than two-thirds of young Americans disapprove of President Trump’s use of Twitter. The implication is that Millennials prefer news from the White House to be filtered through other source, Not a president’s social media platform.Most Americans rely on social media to check daily headlines. Yet as distrust has risen toward all media, people may be starting to beef up their media literacy skills. Such a trend is badly needed. During the 2016 presidential campaign, nearly a quarter of web content shared by Twitter users in the politically critical state of was fake news, according to the . And a survey conducted for BuzzFeed News found 44 percent of Facebook users rarely or never trust news from the media giant.Such active research can have another effect. A 2014 survey conducted in , , and the by the University of Wisconsin-Madison found that young people’s reliance on social media led to greater political engagement.Social media allows users to experience news events more intimately and immediately while also permitting them to re-share news as a projection of theirvalues and interests. This forces users to be more conscious of their role in passing along information. A survey by Barna research group found the top reason given by Americans for the fake news phenomenon is “reader error,” more so than made-up stories or factual mistakes in reporting. About a third say the problem of fake news lies in “misinterpretation or exaggeration of actual news” via social media. In other words, the choice to share news on social media may be the heart of the issue. “This indicates there is a real personal responsibility in counteracting this problem,” says Roxanne Stone, editor in chief at Barna Group.So when young people are critical of an over-tweeting president, they reveal a mental discipline in thinking skills – and in their choices on when to share on social media.26. According to the Paragraphs 1 and 2, many young Americans cast doubts on[A] the justification of the news-filtering practice.[B] people’s preference for social media platforms.[C] the administrations ability to handle information.[D] social media was a reliable source of news.27. The phrase “beer up”(Line 2, Para. 2) is closest in meaning to[A] sharpen[B] define[C] boast[D] share28. According to the knight foundation survey, young people[A] tend to voice their opinions in cyberspace.[B] verify news by referring to diverse resources.[C] have s strong sense of responsibility.[D] like to exchange views on “distributed trust”29. The Barna survey found that a main cause for the fake news problem is[A] readers outdated values.[B] journalists’ biased reporting[C] readers’ misinterpretation[D] journalists’ made-up stories.30. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] A Rise in Critical Skills for Sharing News Online[B] A Counteraction Against the Over-tweeting Trend[C] The Accumulation of Mutual Trust on Social Media.[D] The Platforms for Projection of Personal Interests.Text 3DeepMind has almost apologized. The NHS trust has mended its ways. Further arrangements- and there may be many-between the NHS and DeepMind will be carefully scrutinised to ensure that all necessary permissions have been asked of patients and all unnecessary data has been cleaned. There are lessons about informed patient consent to learn. But privacy is not the only angle in this case and not even the most important. Ms Denham chose to concentrate the blame on the NHS trust, since under existing law it “controlled” the data and DeepMind merely “processed" it. But this distinction misses the point that it is processing and aggregation, not the mere possession of bits, that gives the data value.31.Wha is true of the agreement between the NHS and DeepMind ?[A] It caused conflicts among tech giants.[B] It failed to pay due attention to patient’s rights.[C] It fell short of the latter's expectations[D] It put both sides into a dangerous situation.32. The NHS trust responded to Denham's verdict with[A] empty promises.[B] tough resistance.[C] necessary adjustments.[D] sincere apologies.33.The author argues in Paragraph 2 that[A] privacy protection must be secured at all costs.[B] leaking patients' data is worse than selling it.[C] making profits from patients' data is illegal.34.According to the last paragraph, the real worry arising from this deal is[A] the vicious rivalry among big pharmas.[B] the ineffective enforcement of privacy law.[C] the uncontrolled use of new software.[D] the monopoly of big data by tech giants.35.The author's attitude toward the application of AI to healthcare is[A] ambiguous.[B] cautious.[C] appreciative.[D] contemptuous.Text 4The U.S. Postal Service (USPS) continues to bleed red ink. It reported a net loss of $5.6 billion for fiscal 2016, the 10th straight year its expenses have exceeded revenue. Meanwhile, it has more than $120 billion in unfunded liabilities, mostly for employee health and retirement costs. There are many bankruptcies. Fundamentally, the USPS is in a historic squeeze between technological change that has permanently decreased demand for its bread-and-butter product, first-class mail, and a regulatory structure that denies management the flexibility to adjust its operations to the new realityAnd interest groups ranging from postal unions to greeting-card makers exert self-interested pressure on the USPS’s ultimate overseer-Congress-insisting that whatever else happens to the Postal Service, aspects of the status quo they depend on get protected. This is why repeated attempts at reform legislation have failed in recent years, leaving the Postal Service unable to pay its bills except by deferring vital modernization.36.The financial problem with the USPS is caused partly by[A]. its unbalanced budget.[B] .its rigid management.[C] .the cost for technical upgrading.[D]. the withdrawal of bank support.37. According to Paragraph 2, the USPS fails to modernize itself due to[A]. the interference from interest groups.[B] .the inadequate funding from Congress.[C] .the shrinking demand for postal service.[A] .removing its burden of retiree health care.[B] .making more investment in new vehicles.[C] .adopting a new rate-increase mechanism.[D]. attracting more first-class mail users.39.In the last paragraph, the author seems to view legislators with[A] respect.[B] tolerance.[C] discontent.[D] gratitude.40.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] .The USPS Starts to Miss Its Good Old Days[B] .The Postal Service: Keep Away from My Cheese[C] .The USPS: Chronic Illness Requires a Quick Cure[D] .The Postal Service Needs More than a Band-AidPart BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs C and F have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)C. The State, War, and , as it was originally known, housed the three Executive Branch Departments most intimately associated with formulating and conducting the nation's foreign policy in the last quarter of the nineteenth century and the first quarter of the twentieth century-the period when the emerged as an international power. The building has housed some of the nation's most significant diplomats and politicians and has been the scene of many historic events.F. Construction took 17 years as the building slowly rose wing by wing. When the EEOB was finished, it was the largest office building in , with nearly 2 miles of black and white tiled corridors. Almost all of the interior detail is of cast iron or plaster; the use of wood was minimized to insure fire safety. Eight monumental curving staircases of granite with over 4,000 individually cast bronze balusters are capped by four skylight domes and two stained glass rotundas.G. The history of the EEOB began long before its foundations were laid. The first executive offices were constructed between 1799 and 1820. A series of fires (including those set by the British in 1814) and overcrowded conditions led to the construction of the existing . In 1866, the construction of the North Wing of the necessitated the demolition of the State Department building.41. à Cà 42. à 43. à F à 44 à 45.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)The development of the Elizabethan drama for the next twenty-five years is of exceptional interest to students of literary history, for in this brief period we may trace the beginning, growth, blossoming, and decay of many kinds of plays, and of many great careers. We are amazed today at the mere number of plays produced, as well as by the number of dramatists writing at the same time for this of two hundred thousand inhabitants. (50)To realize how great was the dramatic activity, we must remember further that hosts of plays have been lost, and that probably there is no author of note whose entire work has survived.Section III WritingPart A51. Directions：Write an email to all international experts on campus inviting them to attendthe graduation ceremony. In your email you should include time, place and other relevant information about the ceremony.You should write about 100 words neatly on the ANSEWER SHEETDo not use your own name at the end of the email. Use “Li Ming” in stead. (10 points)Part B52. Directions：Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the picture below. In your essay, you should____年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题答案详解注意：英语试卷为花卷，以答案内容进行核对Section I Use of English1、【答案】[B] for【解析】此处考察介词的用法。