常用法律英语(一)
案件受理费 courtacceptancefee 案情重大、
复杂 importantandcomplicatedcase 案由
causeofaction
包揽诉讼 monopolizelawsuits
被告 defendant(用于民事、行政案件);theaccused(用于刑事案件)
被上诉人 appellee
被诉人
respondent;defendant 本案
律师councelprohacvice 本
地律师 localcounsel
毕业证
diploma;graduationcertificate 辩护
词 defense;pleadings
辩护律师 defenselawyer
辩护要点 pointofdefense
辩护意见 submission 财
产租赁 propertytenancy
裁定书 order;ruling;determination（指终审裁
定）裁决书 award（用于仲裁）
裁决书 verdict（用于陪审团）
采信的证据 admittedevidence;establishedevidence 草拟股权转让协
议 draftingagreementofassignmentofequityinterests 查阅法条sourcelegalprovisions
产权转让 conveyancing
出差 goonerrand;goonabusinesstrip
出国深造 furtherstudyabroad 出具律
师意见书 providinglegalopinion 出示
的证据 exhibit
出庭 appearincourt
传票
summons;subpoena 答
辩状 answer;reply 代
理词 representation
代理房地产买卖与转让 agencyforsaleandtransferofrealestate
代理公证、商标、专利、版权、房地产、工商登记
agencyfornotarization,trademark,patent,copyright,andregistrationofrea lestateandincorporations
代理仲裁 agencyforarbitration 代写
文书 draftingoflegalinstruments 待
决案件 pendingcase
当事人陈述
statementoftheparties 第三人
thirdparty
吊销执业证
revocationoflawyerlicense 调查笔录investigativerecord
调查取证 investigationandgatheringforevidence
调解 mediation
调解书
mediation
二审案件
caseoftrialofsecondinstance 发送电
子邮件 sende-mail
法律顾问
legalconsultants 法律意
见书 legalopinions 法律
援助 legalaid 法律咨询
legalcounseling 法庭
division;tribunal
法学博士学位 LL.D(DoctorofLaws)
法学会 lawsociety
法学课程 legalcourses 法学硕士
学位 LL.M(MasterofLaws)
法学系
facultyoflaw;departmentoflaw 法学
学士学位 LL.B(BachelorofLaws)
J.D(jurisdoctor 缩写，美国法学学士)
法学院 lawschool
法院公告
courtannouncement 反诉状
counterclaim
房地产律师
realestatelawyer;realpropertylawyer 非合伙律师 associatelawyer
非诉讼业务 non-
litigationpractice 高级合伙人
seniorpartner 高级律师
seniorlawyer
各类协议和合同
agreementsandcontracts 公安局PublicSecurityBureau
公司上市 companylisting 公诉案
件 public-prosecutingcase 公证
书 notarialcertificate
国办律师事务所 state-
runlawoffice 国际贸易
internationaltrade 国际诉讼internationallitigation 国内诉讼domesticlitigation 合伙律师
partnerlawyer
合伙制律师事务所 lawofficeinpartner-
ship;cooperatinglawofice 合同审查、草拟、修改contractreview,draftingandrevision 会见当事人interviewaclient
会见犯罪嫌疑人
interviewacriminalsuspect 兼职律师
part-timelawyer
监狱 prison;jail 鉴定结
论 expertconclusion 缴纳
会费 membershipdues
举证责任
burdenofproof;onusprobandi 决定书
decision
勘验笔录
recordofrequest 看守所
detentionhouse 抗诉书
protest
控告人 accuser;complainant 跨国
诉讼 transnationallitigation 劳
动争议 labordisputes
劳动争议仲裁委员会arbitrationcommitteeforlabordisputes 劳改场 reform-through-laborfarm;prisonfarm
利害关系人 interestedparty;partyininterest
律管处处长
directoroflawyercontroldepartment 律师lawyerattorney;attorneyatlaw
律师惩戒
lawyerdiscipline 律师法
LawyerLaw
律师费 lawyerfee 律师
函lawyer’sletter
律师见证 lawyerattestation/authentication
律师见证书
lawyercertification/authentication/witness 律师卷宗lawyer’sdocile;file
律师刊物lawyer’sjournal
律师联系电话
contactphonenumberofalawyer 律师事务所
lawoffice;lawfirm
律师收费 billingbylawyer
律师协会
NationalBar(Lawyer)Association 律师协
会会员 memberofLawyerAssociation
律师协会秘书长
secretarygeneralofBar(Lawyer)Association 律师协会章程ArticlesofLawyerAssocition
律师业务室
lawyer’soffice 律师执业
证 lawyerlicense
律师资格考试
barexam;lawyerqualificationexam 律师资格证
lawyerqualificationcertificate 民事调解
civilmediation
民事诉讼 civillitigation
派出所 localpolicestation;policesubstation
判决 judgement( 用于民事、行政案件 );determination( 用于终审);sentence(用于刑事);verdict(由陪审团作出)
旁证 circumstantialevidence
企业章程
articlesofassociation;articlesofincorporation;bylaw 企业重
组 corporaterestructure
起诉状 information;indictment
取消律师资格 disbar
全国律师代表大会 NationalLawyerCongress
缺席宣判
pronouncejudgementordeterminationbydefault 人民法
院People’sCourt
人民检察院People’sProcurator ate
认定事实 determinefacts
上诉案件
caseoftrialofsecondinstance;appellatecase 上诉人appellant
上诉状 petitionforappeal
涉外律师 lawyersspeciallyhandlingforeign-relatedmatters 申请复议 administrativereconsiderationpetition 申请加入律师协会 applicationforadmissiontoLawAssociation 申请人petitioner;claimant
申诉案件 appealcase 申诉人（仲
裁）claimant;plaintiff
申诉书 appealforrevision,petitionforrevision 实
习律师 apprenticelawyer;lawyerinprobationperiod
实习律师证 certificateofapprenticelawyer 视听证
据 audio-visualreferencematerial
适用法律
applylawtofacts 受害人
victim
书证 documentaryevidence
司法部 MinistryofJustice
司法建议书
judicialadvise 司法局
JudicialBureau
司法局副局长
deputydirectorofJudicialBureau 司法局局长directorofJudicialBureau 司法统一考试uniformjudicialexam
送达 serviceofprocess
诉讼当事人
litigationparty;litigiousparty 诉讼业务
litigationpractice
诉状
complaint;billofcomplaint;statementofclaim 推
销法律服务 promote/marketlegalservice 委托代理
合同 authorizedrepresentationcontract 委托代理
人 agentadlitem;entrustedagent 委托授权书powerofattorney
物证 materialevidence 嫌疑
人 criminalsuspect 项目融
资 projectfinancing 项目谈
判 projectnegotiating 刑事
案件 criminalcase 刑事诉讼criminallitigation
行政诉讼
administrativelitigation 休庭adjournthecourt;recess
宣判
pronouncejudgement;determination 宣誓书 affidavit
业务进修attendanceinadvancedstudies 一审案件caseoftrialoffirstinstance 原告plaintiff
证券律师 securitieslawyer
证人证言
testimonyofwitness;affidavit 执行笔
录 executionrecord
执业登记 registrationforpractice
执业范围
scopeofpractice;sphereofpractice;practicearea 执业申请 practiceapplication
执业证年检
annualinspectionoflawyerlicense 仲裁案件arbitrationcase
仲裁机构
arbitrationagency 专门律
师 specializedlawyer
专职律师 professionallawyer;full-
timelawyer 撰写法律文章 writelegalthesis
资信调查
creditstandinginvestigation 自诉案
件 privateprosecutingcase
常用法律英语二
案件发回 remand/rimitacase(toalowcourt)
案件名称 titleofacase
案卷材料
materialsinthecase 案情陈
述书 statementofcase
案外人
personotherthaninvolvedinthecase 案值totalvalueinvolvedinthecase 败诉方
losingparty
办案人员 personnelhandlingacase
保全措施申请书
applicationforprotectivemeasures 报案
reportacase(tosecurityauthorities)
被告 defendant;theaccused
被告人最后陈述 finalstatementoftheaccused
被告向原告第二次答辩 rejoinder
被害人 victim
被害人的诉讼代理人
victim’sagentadlitem 被上诉人
respondent;theappellee 被申请人
respondent
被申请执行人
partyagainstwhomexecutionisfiled 被执行人personsubjecttoenforcement
本诉 principalaction
必要共同诉讼人 partyinnecessaryco-
litigation 变通管辖 jurisdictionbyaccord
辩护 defense 辩护律师 defenseattorney/lawyer 辩护人defender 辩护证据 exculpatoryevidence;defenseevidence 辩论阶段 stageofcourtdebate
驳回反诉 dismissacounterclaim;rejectacounterclaim
2016年考研英语二真题参考答案Use of English 1. [C] how 2. [B] In particular 3. [D] necessary 4. [C] optimism 5. [D] change 6. [B] measured 7. [A] Sure 8. [D] headquartered 9. [A] explain 10. [B] factors 11. [A] desirable 12. [B] held 13. [A] attribute 14. [D] experienced 15. [C] also 16. [D] equally 17. [C] While 18. [C] hints 19. [A] shape 20. [B] lean towards Reading Comprehension Part A Text 1 21. [B] remodel the way of thinking 22. [D] interest 23. [A] help students learn other computer languages 24. [C] become better prepared for the digitalized world 25. [B] persuade Text 2 26. [D] its drastically decreased populatio 27. [C] granted less federal regulatory power 28. [A] agree to pay a sum for compensation 29. [D] the states 30. [A] the plan under challenge Text 3 31. [A] what deep reading requires cannot be guaranteed 32. [B] make passing time fulfilling
2018考研英语必背词汇（二） 11 The European Commission said that it had carried out“unannounced inspections” at big oil and biofuel companies, including Shell, BP, Norway’s Statoil, as well as at Platts, the world’s leading price-reporting agency. 欧盟委员会声称已经对大型的石油和生物燃料公司展开“抽检”，包括壳牌石油公司，英国石油公司，挪威国家石油公司，以及全球领先的报价机构，普氏能源资讯。 commission◆n. 委员会；犯（罪）v. 委任；委托【构词】com+miss(=send/cast,送,放出,派,错过)+ion【近】council n. 委员会；理事会【词组】in commission 服役中 shell n. 壳v. 去壳；剥落【派生】shell less a. 无壳的【近】crust n. 面包皮；硬外壳【词组】shell out 付款；交予 leading a. 前列的；主要的 agency n. 机构；代理；（政府的）局、处【构词】ag(=do/act,做,代理做)+ency 【近】department n. 部门；系；知识范围 （Business this week/May 18, 2013） 12 Charities who find Section501(c)(3)’s restrictions hamper their advocacy, often create a (c)(4) affiliate to pursue their lobbying agenda. 认为（美国国内税收法）501(c)(3)免税条款的限制条件（501(c)(3)定义的组织禁止参加与公职选举有关的政治活动）妨碍了其政治主张的慈善机构，常常会创造出一个符合501(c)(4)类型的隶属组织来从事他们的游说活动。 section n. 款；部件；阶层【构词】sect(=cut/divide,切、割)+ion) affiliate n. 隶属的机构 v. 使附属；接纳【派生】affiliative a. 有亲和力的 lobby v. 对……进行游说；陈情 n. 门厅；休息室；游说团【派生】lobbyist n. 说客
2016研究生入学统一考试试题及答案解析(英语二) Section 1 Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) Happy people work differently. They’re more productive, more creative, and willing to take greater risks. And new research suggests that happiness might influence__1__firm’s work, too. Companies located in places with happier people invest more, according to a recent research paper.__2__, firms in happy pla ces spend more on R&D (research and development). That’s because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking__3__for making investments for the future. The researchers wanted to know if the__4__and inclination for risk-taking that come with happiness would__5__the way companies invested. So they compared U.S. cities’ average happiness__6__by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas. __7__enough, firms’ investment and R&D intensity were correlated wi th the happiness of the area in which they were__8__.But is it really happiness that’s linked to investment, or could something else about happier cities__9__why firms there spend more on R&D? To find out, the researchers controlled for various__10__that might make firms more likely to invest – like size, industry, and sales – and for indicators that a place was__11__to live in, like growth in wages or population. The link between happiness and investment generally__12__even after accounting for these things. The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms, which the authors__13__to ―less codified decision making process‖ and the possible presence of ―younger and less__14__managers who are more likely to be influe nced by sentiment.‖ The relationship was__15__stronger in places where happiness was spread more__16__.Firms seem to invest more in places where most people are relatively happy, rather than in places with happiness inequality. __17__ this doesn’t prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer-term view, the authors believe it at least__18__at that possibility. It’s not hard to imagine that local culture and sentiment would help__19__how executives think about the future. ―It surely seems plausible that happy people would be more forward-thinking and creative and__20__R&D more than the average,‖ said one researcher. 1. [A] why [B] where [C] how [D] when 2. [A] In return [B] In particular [C] In contrast [D] In conclusion 3. [A] sufficient [B] famous [C] perfect [D] necessary 4. [A] individualism [B] modernism [C] optimism [D] realism 5. [A] echo [B] miss [C] spoil [D] change 6. [A] imagined [B] measured [C] invented [D] assumed 7. [A] Sure [B] Odd [C] Unfortunate [D] Often 8. [A] advertised [B] divided [C] overtaxed [D] headquartered 9. [A] explain [B] overstate [C] summarize [D] emphasize 10. [A] stages [B] factors [C] levels [D] methods 11. [A] desirable [B] sociable [C] reputable [D] reliable 12. [A] resumed [B] held [C]emerged [D] broke 13. [A] attribute [B] assign [C] transfer [D]compare 14. [A] serious [B] civilized [C] ambitious [D]experienced 15. [A] thus [B] instead [C] also [D] never 16. [A] rapidly [B] regularly [C] directly [D] equally 17. [A] After [B] Until [C] While [D] Since 18. [A] arrives [B] jumps [C] hints [ D] strikes 19.[A] shape [B] rediscover [C] simplify [D] share 20. [A] pray for [B] lean towards [C] give away [D] send out
2012考研英语词汇(TXT完全免费版).txt假如有一天你想哭打电话给我不能保证逗你笑但我能陪着你一起哭。坚强的基本，就是微笑。 面具戴久了丶就成了皮肤≈ 考研英语历年真题词汇手册（必备+免费下载） 1997年重点词汇 阅读理解部分： 1. parliamentary adj. 议会的 2 .territory n. 领土, 版图, 地域 3 incurably adv.治不好地, 不能矫正地 4 convincing adj.令人信服的, 有力的, 令人心悦诚服的 5 flashed vi.闪光, 闪现, 反射, 使迅速 6 pick up v.掘地, 捡起, 获得, 使恢复精神, 加快, 看到, 随便地认识, 加速 7 bulletin n.公告, 报告 8 import n.进口货(常用复数), 进口, 输入, 意思, 重要性 vt.输入, 进口, 含...的意思, 重要, 引入 9 sink in 被了解 10 implication n.牵连, 含意, 暗示 11 bitterly adv.苦苦地, 悲痛的, 厉害的 12 haste n.匆忙, 急忙 13 turn back v.使停止往前, 往回走, 翻回到, 重新提到, 折转, 挡住 14 euthanasia n.安乐死 15 dominoes 多米诺 16 injection n.注射, 注射剂, (毛细血管等的)充血, (人造卫星, 宇宙飞船等的)射入轨道 17 diagnose v.诊断 18 terminally adv.末尾, 一定时期地 19 resident n.居民 adj.居住的, 常驻的 20 haunting adj.常浮现于脑海中的, 不易忘怀的 21 spiritual adj.精神上的 22 claw n.爪, 脚爪 v.抓 23 consistently 一贯地，一向，始终如一地 24 deserve vt.应受, 值得 v.应受 25 dull adj.感觉或理解迟钝的, 无趣的, 呆滞的, 阴暗的 vt.使迟钝, 使阴暗, 缓和 vi.变迟钝, 减少 26 loneliness n.孤独, 寂寞 27 welcome n.欢迎 vt.欢迎 int.欢迎 adj.受欢迎的 28 harsh adj.粗糙的, 荒芜的, 苛刻的, 刺耳的, 刺目的 29 frontier n.国境, 边疆, 边境 30 charitable adj.仁慈的, (为)慈善事业的,宽恕的 31 impulse n.推动, 刺激, 冲动, 推动力 vt.推动 32 weary adj.疲倦的, 厌倦的, 令人厌烦的, 疲劳 v.疲倦, 厌倦, 厌烦 33 hospitality n.好客, 宜人, 盛情
2018考研英语阅读：需掌握的50个重要词汇 英语单词的背诵相信很多考生都已经坚持了很久，并且还将继续坚持下去，在最后的冲刺阶段，除了系统全面的复习，我们也需要有针对性的重点背诵，考研英语阅读的50个重要词汇盘点，希望可以帮到你。 1. authority 权威，当局 Mexican authorities noticed a large number of hospitalizations and deaths among healthy adults. 墨西哥当局注意到，在成年人中有大量人住院。 One authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control. 一位权威人士说道，这些极其强大的精神事件不但可以约束，还可以有意识地进行控制。 2. equivalent 等价物 The digital credential would be a "voluntary trusted identity" system that would be the high-tech equivalent of a physical key, a fingerprint and a photo ID card. 该数字证书可以成为一个"自愿受信身份"系统，从而成为物理密钥、指纹以及身份证的高科技等价物。 3. alternative 替代物 They tend to keep a tighter hold on their purse and consider eating at home a realistic alternative. 他们更愿意握紧自己的钱包，把在家吃饭作为一种现实的替代。 4. substitute 代替物 Devoted concertgoers reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance. 忠诚的音乐会爱好者回答道，唱片并不能`1代替现场表演。 5. community 具有共性的人(社区，…届) The approach would create a "walled garden" in cyberspace, with safe "neighborhoods" and bright "streetlights" to establish a sense of a trusted community. 该方法能够在网络空间建一个"有墙的花园"，具有安全的"邻里关系"以及明亮的"街灯"，从而创造出一种安全社区的意识。 6. transaction 交易 The individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with confidence. 个人和组织能够充满信任地完全在线交易。 7. mentality 心态 It seems clear that such a scheme is an initiative push toward what would eventually be a compulsory of Internet "driver's license" mentality. 该计划看来明显是一个最初的推断，最终将形成一种英特网强制性"驾驶执照"的心态。8. skepticism 怀疑 The plan has also been greeted with skepticism by some computer security experts. 该方案也遭到了电脑安全专家的怀疑。 History and news become confused, and one's impressions tend to be a mixture of skepticism and optimism. 历史和新闻变得令人困惑，人们开始产生一种怀疑与乐观相混合的印象。 9. executive 高级管理者 But Edward Dolman, the chief executive, says: "I'm pretty confident we're at the bottom." 但是首席执行官爱德华·多尔曼说道："我完全相信现在已经是在底部了。"
Mba英语二写作历年真题及解析 2016年 Section IV Writing Part A 47。Directions： Suppose you won a translation contest and your friend，Jack，wrote an email to congratulate you and ask for advice on translation。Write him a reply to 1）thank him，and 2）give you advice You should write about 100 on the ANSWER SHEET。 Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter。Use Li Ming instead。 Do not write the address。（10 points） Part B 48。Directions： Write an essay based on the chart below。In your writing，you should 1）interpret the chart，and 2）give your comments。 You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET。（15 points）
Section IV Writing 47、 [参考范文] Dear Jack， Your letter of congratulations was received。Thank you for your nice words on my winning the c ontest。In the letter， you asked me about the skills to do translation，so the following are my a dvice for you。 Firstly， you should analyze the sentence structure， thus catching the meaning of the sentence。 Secondly， find the proper words to translate the meaning of the source language into the target l anguage。 Thirdly，revise your translation at least three times to check if there are any mistransl ations or missed meanings。 I hope my advice helpful。 Wish to see you soon。 Yours sincerely， Li Ming 第一段：写作内容需涵盖两点：写信目的，表明感谢来自朋友的祝贺;可以采用这样的表达方式：I’m writing to express my gratitude for your congratulation on my success in the translation contest. 第二段：写作内容应以建议为主体。在这个过程中可以把日常我们如何提高的方式写进正文，比如多加练习、多与外国人交流，多多接触国际事务等。本篇老师主要从这些方面进行论述，表达如下As regard to my experience, I would like to offer you some proposals i n this part. First and foremost, I strongly suggest you that you need to practice with painstaking effort in this field. What’s more, you had better have more communication with foreigners, which guarantees that you have a deep understanding of foreign culture. Last but not least, you are supposed to participate in some international events to accumulate a wealth of practical experience. 第三段：再次强调重申写信目的，如Thanks again and I do hope you could take my suggestions into consideration. I wish you have good luck and make a great success in your future study. 落款：Yours sincerely,特别提醒sincerely后面逗号不能丢;签名：Li Ming特别注意Ming 后面一定不能出现句点。 48、 [参考范文] Portrayed in the above pie chart is a survey of college students’ purposes of traveling。 The numb er of students who take traveling as a chance to see beautiful scenes accounts for 37%，while stu dents who would like to travel to relieve pressure from study take up 35 %。 There are several reasons behind the trend revealed in the above chart。To begin with， as the pr esent society is filled with fierce competition， most college students nowadays are under great pr essure to stand out among others or to lunch a decent job after graduation。Therefore， they tend to choose traveling as an outlet to relieve their stress。 Secondly，with the fast advancement of t he living standards of Chinese families， traveling is increasingly affordable to most college stude nts。 For this reason， students prefer to travel to see different views to enjoy themselves or to m ake some friends。 From my perspective， no matter what reason it is for， traveling is of great benefit for students 今年英语二作文的题目比较好写，因为标题和图示非常清晰明白。图表显示了某高校学生旅游目的调查, 考生分析原因的话也会很简单。下面分三段简要地说一下这三段应该怎么写。 第一段主要是描述图表。图表一目了然，数量词百分比也是大家熟悉的词汇，表述数据时，图中有四五组数据，由于字数的限制以及为了写作的便利可以突出较大比例的“欣赏风景”和“缓解压力”，注意引入百分比的表达方式。 第二段给出你的评论，主要写这种情况的原因。主要要结合图表描述的内容从两个方面写起。一方面为什么为了欣赏风景而旅行的目的占37%，另一方面为什么缓解压力会占到33%比例。 最后结尾段落可简要得出结论，这种现象并不奇怪，还将继续下去。
2018年考研英语一真题及答案 的更新!2018考研英语翻译真题解析：19考生应关注3个语法点翻译部分较去 2017-12-24 的更新!2018考研英语翻译真题解析：19考生应关注3个语法点翻译部分较去 2017-12-24 的更新!2018考研英语翻译真题解析：19考生应关注3个语法点翻译部分较去 2017-12-24 的更新!2018考研英语翻译真题解析：19考生应关注3个语法点翻译部分较去 2017-12-24
的更新!2018考研英语翻译真题解析：19考生应关注3个语法点翻译部分较去 2017-12-24 译文】莎士比亚出生之时，欧洲宗教戏剧正在消逝，在古典悲剧和戏剧的推动下，很多新的戏剧形式应运而生。 (47) no boy who went to a grammar school could be ignorant that the drama was a form of literature which gave glory to Greece and Rome and might yet bring honor to England. 【题目考点】定语从句;宾语从句;并列结构 【句子结构】主句主干：no boy…could be ignorant that…。who引导的定语从句修饰boy，that引导为形容词ignorant的宾语从句，which引导的定语从句修饰a form of literature，gave…and might bring honor…为先行词a form of literature的并列谓语结构。 【重点词汇】grammar school 文法学校ignorant忽视literature文学glory 荣耀 【参考译文】任何文法学校的学生都知道戏剧是一种文学形式，它曾给希腊和罗马带来荣耀，也许同样会给英格兰带来殊荣。
2017 年考研英语二真题答案解析 Section I Use of English 一、文章总体分析及结构 这是一篇议论文，选自2016 年《大西洋月刊》，全文共352 词。文章围绕“没有了工作的未来会怎样”展开，首先说明工作的缺失可能会造成社会的不平等；接着指出另一种可能性，即没有了工作，生活就会没有意义；之后笔锋一转，提出在一个设计合理的社会中，没有工作未必会引起不安；最后举例对现实情况做出说明，指出现阶段工作劳累，使人们无暇专注与自己的爱好。 二、语篇精读 词汇详解： 长难句分析： Today is no different，with academics，writers，and activists once again warning that technology is replacing human workers. 本句主干是主系结构Today is no different,with 引导的成分属于独立主格结构，具体来讲是with+名词/代词+动词的-ing 形式。 词汇详解：
长难句分析： Also ，some research suggests that the explanation for rising rates of mortality ，mental-health problems ，and addicting among poorly-educated，middle-aged people is a shortage of well-paid jobs. 本句的主干是主谓宾结构some research suggests that...，that 引导宾语从句，这一宾语从句为主系表结构，其中主语的中心词是the explanation，系动词为is，表语成分为a shortage of...。 词汇详解： 长难句分析： In the absenceof work，a society designed with other ends in mind could yield strikingly different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure. 本句中In the absenceof work 为条件状语，句子的主干为主谓宾结构，其中主语的中心词为 a society，谓语动词为could yield,宾语的中心词为circumstances，strikingly different 作定语，用来修饰宾语circumstances。 词汇详解： 长难句分析： These days，because leisure time is relatively scarce for most workers，people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional demands of their jobs. 本句为主从复合句，其中because 引导了原因状语从句，主句为主谓宾+宾补结构，其中主语为people，谓语动词为use，宾语为their free time，动词不定式to counterbalance...作宾语的补语。
1. 《通信原理》词汇 Uin t1 扌由样量化和编码：sampli ng qua ntiz ing and codi ng 话路：speech cha nnel 幅值：amplitude value 扌由样频率：sampli ng freque ncy 扌由样速率：sampli ng speed rate 脉冲流：stream of pulses 重复率：r epetiti on rate 编码过程：codi ng processs 模拟信号：an alog sig nal 传输质量transmission quality 数字通信digital com muni cati on 数字传输digital transmission 含噪声的环境no isy environment 传输路由transmission path 信号比signal-to-noise ratio 信号电平signal levels 地面系统terrestrial system 噪声功率noise power 二进制传输binary transmission 反向操作reverse operation 8 位码序列8-digit sequenee 接收端receiving terminal 帧格式frame format 同步字synchronization word the schemes for performing these three function 实现这三项功能的方案 a series of amplitude values 一串幅值 a speech cha nnel of teleph one quality 电话质量的话路a sequenee of 8-binary digits 一个8 位二进制码的序列a minimum theoretical sampli ng freque ncy 理论上的最小扌由样频率 a voice channel occupying the range 300Hz to 3.4KHz 占据着 300Hz到3.4KHz频率范围的话路 8-digits per sample value 每个样值8 位码the spark ing of a car ign iti on system 汽车点火系统的大火the stream of the pulsese with a repetiti on rate of 64KHz 重复率为64KHz的脉冲 the relatio nship of the true sig nal to the no ise sig nal 真实信号与噪声信号的关系 the sig nal received from a satellite 由卫星上收至U的信号the complete in formati on about a particular message 一条特定消息的全部信息 the shape of the tran smitted sig nal 被传信号的波形 the atte nu ati on in troduced by tran smissi on path 由传输路由弓丨 入的衰减 the un it that con verts sampled amplitude value to a set of pulses 将抽样的幅值转换成一串脉冲的单元 a sequenee relating to channel 1 , 2 and son on 涉及至U第一路、第二路及其他各路的序列 a unique seque nee of pulses called synchroni zati on word 被称 为同步字的独特的码序列 terrestrial system 地面系统 the presenee or absenee of the pulse 脉冲的 "有” 或 "无” a high-speed electronic switch 高速的电子开关the time divisio n multiplexer 时分多路复用器Time Divisio n Multiplexi ng 时分多路复用 Unit2 串行接口serial in terface 显示终端CRT termi nal 发送器与接收器 tran smitter and receiver 数据传输data tran smissi on 数据流data stream 闲置状态the idle state 传号电平mark level 空号电平space level 起始位start bit 停止位stop bit T 秒的持续时间duration of T seco nds 奇偶校验位parity bit 错误标志error flag 传输错误transmission error 下降沿falling edge 符号间的空格in tersymbol space 接收机的定时receiver timi ng 本地时钟local clock 磁带magnetic tape 控制比特control bit 逻辑 1 电平logical 1 level 二进制数据bi nary data 明显的缺点obvious disadvantage asynchronous serial data transmission 异步串行数据传输The most popular serial in terface 最为流行的串行接口The transmitted data 所传送的数据 The clocks at the transmitter and receiver 发送器和接收器的时钟The era of teleprinter 电传机的时代 The dots and dashes of a character 一个字符的点和戈U Three times the durati on of in tersymbol space 符号间空格持续时间的三倍 The group of bits called characters 被称为字符的比特组 The in variable un its compris ing 7 or 8 bits of in formati on 由7 或 8个比特的信息组成的固定单元 A clock gen erated locally by the receiver 由接收机本地产生的 时钟 The received parity bit follow ing the character 在字符后所收至U 的奇偶校验位 The falli ng edge of the start bit 起始位的下降沿 The character-orie nted n ature of the data link 数据链路面向字 符的特性 Uin t3 联网技术n etwork ing tech no logy 国际标准化组织intern ati onal Organi zati on for Sta ndardizatio n (ISO)” 参考模型reference model 数据分组packet data 应用程序applicati on program 网络媒体network media 分层called layering 硬件和软件hardware and software 表示层the presentation layer 传输层the transport layer 数据链路层the data link layer 网络服务n etwork services 文件接入file access 数据格式data format 主机host 协议protocol 连接connectivity 逻辑地址logical address ing Networki ng tech no logy 联网技术Proprietary n etwork ing system 专用联网系统The intern ati onal Organi zatio n for Stan dardizatio n 国际标准规 划组织 Compatibility betwee n the various type of n etworks 各种网络之间的兼容性 Seven numbered layers 七层协议 Stan dardizatio n of n etwork comp onents 网络部件的标准化 Error recovery 纟纠错 Receiving host' s system 发方主机系统Connection-orie nted circuits 面向连接的电路In formati on flow control 信息流控制Network media access 网络媒体接入Electrical specificati on 电气特性Maximum tran smissi on dista nee 最大传输距离 Uint 4 传输控制协议tran smissi on con trol protocol 互联协议Internet protocol 数据通信data com muni catio n 微波microwave 高层协议higher-level protocol 流量控制traffic control 目的地destination （信）源resource 段segment 互联层Internet layer 分组交换packet switching 欢迎下载
2018考研英语词汇精讲哪本书详细 词汇是考研英语复习的基础，复习初期大家就要开始背单词，充实单词库，可是按照字母顺序来背，又会觉得很乏味。现在网上也有很多的考研英语词汇精讲课程，貌似大多是要收费的，如果说你经济比较宽裕，可以选择去学习。 个人感觉考研英语词汇总量多达5500个，大家可以完全不用花钱学考研英语词汇精讲课程，有一部分书中对考研英语词汇进行了精讲，大家完全可以用这些解析详细的词汇书学习。 推荐一本解析十分精细的词汇书，名叫《非常词汇》。这本书中的词汇解析很是详细，词汇注释和字典中差不多，有单词的音标、词性、词义、近反义词、相关词组和例句。最主要的是这本书中提倡用句子记单词，效果相比于一般词汇书要好很多。下面给大家分析一下这本书。 1.在句子中记单词，可提高复习效率
这本书中的800个句子，高度浓缩了考研英语大纲核心词汇。每个句子中大概会给出3、4个考研英语词汇，如果你能钻研头一个句子，就可以学会好几个单词，这种复习效率的确很高。 而且用句子学习单词，可以联系单词的所在的语境。这样能就帮助大家加深对单词的理解，从而达到深刻理解单词意思，同时还能掌握单词在句子中的实际用法。 2.重复辅助记忆，是记忆效果更持久 这本书中还赠送了两本单词整理的小册子，一本是从考研英语单词的重要程度分类整理考研英语单词的，有必考词+基础词+未考词+超纲词，对于时间比较充裕的人来说，就可以把每类单词都再过一遍，巩固复习之前在句子中学到的词汇知识，熟悉那些还没有接触到的单词。如果时间不够，建议大家只需背诵必考词和基础词就好了，这样子也可以帮助大家大大提高复习效率。 还有一本是圈定考研重点词汇，它是按照高考词、四级词、六级词和考研词进行分类的。高考词汇以及四六级词汇，大家可以选择性复习（之前都学习过的），考研部分的词汇大家之前都没接触过，复习的时候就要多下点功夫。 大家可以根据自身的需要，选择使用这两本考研英语词汇精讲小册子，二次辅助记忆考研英语单词，从而把考研英语词汇掌握的更加牢固。 3.查漏补缺，彻底掌握 词汇知识掌握的好与坏，掌握到什么程度，这些都需要用试题检